Chapters 16, 17, & 18 Study Guide
The male reproductive system works to produce sperm and deliver it to the female
reproductive system.
Sperm- sex cells in the male
Testis (Testicles)- the male reproductive organs that make sperm and testosterone
Penis- the male reproductive organ that removes urine from the body and can deliver sperm to
the female reproductive organs
Semen- a fluid made up of sperm and other secretions from the male reproduction organs
Problems of the Male Reproductive System
Problem
Jock Itch
Cystitis
(Bladder
Infection)
Prostatitis
What is it?
Fungal
infection
Inflammation
of the urinary
bladder
Bacteria
infection of the
prostate
Symptoms
Itchy rash in the
groin area
Burning while
urinating
Inflammation in the
prostate, fever, pain
in the abdomen
Treatment
Over-the-counter
anti-fungal creams
Antibiotics
prescribed by a
doctor
Antibiotics
prescribed by a
doctor
The female reproductive system produces eggs and supports a developing human (baby).
Eggs- sex cell in the female
Ovary- female reproductive organs that produces eggs and hormones
Vagina-female reproductive organ that connects the outside body to the uterus and that receives
sperm during reproduction
Fallopian Tubes- female reproductive organ that transport an egg from the ovary to the uterus
Menstrual Cycle- A monthly process hormone-controlled changes by which the lining of the
uterus is shed, except during pregnancy.
The average menstrual cycle last 28 days, but can vary from individual to individual and month
to month.
Stress, diet, travel, illness can influence the timing of the menstrual cycle.
Problems with Female Reproductive System
Problem
Cystitis
(Bladder
Infection)
Menstrual
Cramps
What is it?
Inflammation of
the urinary
bladder
Cramps
Premenstrual
Syndrome
(PMS)
Mental and
physical
changes related
to the menstrual
cycle
Symptoms
Burning while
urinating
Contractions of
the uterine
muscles
Mood swings,
depression,
abdominal
bloating
Treatment
Antibiotics
prescribed by a
doctor
Over-the-counter
medication, warm
bath
To be determined
by a doctor
Fertilization- the joining of the sperm and an egg
Sexual Intercourse- the reproductive process in which the penis is inserted into the vagina. It
can lead to the beginning of a new human life (baby).
Embryo- a fertilized egg
Placenta- a structure that enables an embryo to obtain nutrients from its mother
Fetus- a developing human, from the start of the 9th week of pregnancy until delivery
Prenatal Care- Health care provided to women during their pregnancy.
Development of the Fetus
1st Trimester
(The first 3 months)
By the end of the 1st
trimester, all of the
major body parts have
formed, but not all
parts can function
fully.
2nd Trimester
(The 4th, 5th, and 6th
month)
The fetus moves or
“kicks”. Hair begins to
grow. The fetus can
hear and recognize
sound. The gender of
the fetus can be
determined.
3rd Trimester
(The 7th, 8th, and 9th
month)
The fetus begins to gain
weight and needs a lot of
nutrients from the
mother. The brain and
organs develop further.
By 8 months, the fetus is
about 20 inches long.