7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Stage 3
Vocabulary
Nouns
1.
6.
7.
Verbs
Adjective
1.
Preposition
1.
2. ē/ex
Conjugation
1.
Adverb
1.
Add:
Quis?
Ubi?
-ne

GRAMMAR-Stage 3
 Each noun belongs to one of 5 groups called “declensions”. In Latin I we have: 1 st , 2 nd & 3 rd declensions.
 Nouns also belong to one of 3 genders: Masculine, feminine or neuter
 Most 1 st declension nouns are feminine; 2 nd declension includes masculine and neuter nouns; 3 rd declension includes nouns of all 3 genders.
 Nouns also have case endings that show how they are used in their sentence. Each declension has a set of case endings.
 Nominative case – subject of the sentence.
 Accusative case – direct object; also the object of some prepositions, including “ad”, which means “to”, and
“in”, when it means “into, onto”. In
 Ablative – the object of the prepositions, including “in”, when it means “in, on”
 These are examples:
NOMINATIVE CASE
ACCUSATIVE CASE
ABLATIVE CASE
1 st Declension
Metella
Metellam
Metellā
2 nd Declension
m n
Caecilius atrium
Caecilium atrium
Caeciliō atriō
3 rd Declension m/f n canis nomen canem nomen cane nomine
1 st 2 nd
M N
Nom
Acc
Abl
3 rd
M/F N
X X
X in foro page 36
Caecilius nōn est in vīllā. Caecilius in forō negōtium agit. Caecilius est argentārius. argentārius pecūniam numerat.
Caecilius forum circumspectat. ecce! pictor in forō ambulat. pictor est Celer.
Celer Caecilium salūtat. ecce! tōnsor quoque est in forō. tōnsor est Pantagathus. Caecilius tōnsōrem videt.
“salvē!” Caecilius tōnsōrem salutat.
“salvē!” Pantagathus respondet. ecce! vēnālīcius forum intrat. vēnālīcius est Syphāx. vēnālīcius mercātōrem exspectat. mercātor nōn venit. Syphāx est īrātus. Syphāx mercātōrem vituperat.

pictor page 37 pictor ad vīllam venit. pictor est Celer. Celer iānuam pulsat. Clēmēns pictorem non audit. servus est in hortō. Celer clāmat. canis Celerem audit et lātrat. Quīntus canem audit.
Quīntus ad iānuam venit. filius iānuam aperit. Celer Quīntum salūtat et vīllam intrat.
Metella est in culīnā. Quīntus mātrem vocat. Metella ātrium intrat. pictor Metellam salūtat. Metella pictōrem ad triclīnium dūcit.
Celer in triclīnō labōrat. Celer pictūram pingit. magnus leō est in picturā.
Herculēs quoque est in picturā. leō Herculem ferōciter petit. Herculēs magnum fūstem tenet et leōnem verberat.
Herculēs est fortis.
Caecilius ad vīllam revenit et triclīnium intrat. Caecilius pictūram intentē spectat et pictūram laudat. tonsor page 38 tōnsor in tabernā labōrat. tōnsor est Pantagathus. Caecilius intrat.
“salvē, tōnsor!” inquit Caecilius. salvē!”respondet Pantagathus. tonsor est occupātus. senex in sellā sedet. Pantagathus novāculam tenet et barbam tondet. senex novāculam intentē spectat. poēta tabernam intrat. poēta in tabernā stat et versum recitat. Caecilius rīdet, sed tōnsor non rīdet. versus est scurrīlis. tōnsor est īrātus.
“furcifer, furcifer!” clāmat Pantagathus. senex est perterritus. tōnsor barbam nōn tondet. tōnsor senem secat. multus sanguis fluit.
Caecilius surgit et ē tabernā exit.

venalicius page 40
Caecilius ad portum ambulat. Caecilius portum circumspectat. argentārius nāvem Syriam vīdet et ad nāvem ambulat. Syphāx prope nāvem stat.
“salvē, Syphāx!” clāmat argentārius. Syphāx est vēnālīcius.
Syphāx Caecilium salātat.
Caecilius servum quaerit. Syphāx rīdet. ecce! Syphāx magnum servum habet.
Caecilius servum spectat. argentārius nōn est contentus. argentārius servum nōn emit,
“vinum!” clāmat Syphāx. ancilla vīnum bonum ad Caecilium portat. argentārius vīnum bibit.
Caecilius ancillam spectat. ancilla est pulchra. ancilla rīdet. ancilla Caecilium dēlectat. vēnālīcius quoque rīdet.
“Melissa cēnam optimam coquit” inquit vēnālīcius. “Melissa linguam Latīnam discit.
Melissa est docta et pulchra. Melissa ...”
“satis, satis!” clāmat Caecilius. Caecilius Melissam emit et ad vīllam revenit.
Melissa Grumiōnem dēlectat. Melissa Quīntum dēlectat. eheu! ancilla Metellam non dēlectat.

GRAMMAR: nouns
 Latin nouns belong to one of 5 Declensions (In Latin I we have nouns in declension 1,2,3)
 Latin nouns also have a gender (masc., fem., neuter). The declension and gender of a noun do not change. o o
1
2 o 3 st nd rd
Declension has mostly feminine nouns (except nauta, agricola, poēta etc)
Declension has both masculine and neuter nouns
Declension has all 3 genders: masculine, feminine & neuter nouns
 Latin nouns also take case endings to show their use in the sentence.
We have had nominative, accusative & ablative cases, singular.
Just so you will know there are other cases, here is a summary of the cases: o Nominative=subject, predicate nominative o Genitive=possession (“ ‘s “ or “of ____” ) o Dative=indirect object (person or thing to or for whom something is done) o Accusative=direct object, object of some prepositions, including ad (to), and in, when it means into or onto), prope (near) o Ablative=object of some prepositions, including in (when it means in or on) and ē/ex (out of) o Vocative=direct address (calling a person or thing by name “Oh Caesar . .) o KNOW THESE ENDINGS
 1 st Declension 2 nd Declension 3 rd Declension
Nom
Acc
Abl a am ā masc neut us, um um um ō ō masc/fem neuter
? ?
em
e
=nom e
Singular forms
1 st
Fem*
2 nd
Masc
2 nd
Neut
3 rd
Masc
Fem
3 rd
Neut
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Vocative
Plural forms
Nominative
Genitive a ae ae am
â
= nom.
1st
Fem* ae
ârum us, er, ir
î
ô um
ô us --> e ius --> î
2nd
Masc
î
ôrum um
î
ô um
ô
= nom.
2nd
Neut a
ôrum
? is
î em e
= nom.
3rd
Masc
Fem
ês um
? is
î
= nom. e
= nom.
3rd
Neut a um

Dative
Accusative
Ablative
îs
âs
îs
îs
ôs
îs
îs a
îs ibus
ês ibus ibus a ibus
Vocative =nom =nom =nom =nom =nom
Label the nouns by their cases: nom.,acc.,abl
___ ___ ___
1.
Clēmēns Caecilium in culīnā spectat
___ ___ __
2.
Clēmentem Caecilius in culīnā spectat
___ ___ ___
3.
Ancilla canem ad Caecilium portat.
___ ___ ___
4.
Ancillam canis ad Caecilium portat.
Fill in the following ending chart
1 st declension nom ____
2 nd declension 3 rd declension masc neuter masc&fem neuter
___ ___ ____ ___ acc abl
____
____
___ ___
___ ___
____
____
___
___
Identify what declension and gender of each of the following. Give the accusative & ablative
 If the nominative singular ends in a, it is 1 st declension. Almost all 1 st exceptions: nauta, agricola, poeta
declension nouns are feminine,
 If the nominative ends in us or um it is probably 2 nd declension. 2 nd declension nouns whose nominative ends in us are masculine. 2 nd declension nouns whose nominative ends in um are neuter. (exceptions: vir, puer & ager are 2 nd declension)
 If the nominative ends in anything besides a, us, or um, it is probably 3 rd declension. (exceptions: vir & puer
 are 2 nd declension)
The gender of 3 rd declension nouns must be learned in the vocabulary. However, you can sometimes guess.
For example, occupations, such as mercator, often end in –or they are masculine. Look it up in the back of the book if necessary.
 The stems of 3 rd declension nouns are sometimes modified before the endings are attached. Learn this from the vocabulary. I have helped you with several.
 The way to be absolutely certain what declension a noun belongs to is to look at its genitive case
(possessive). This form is given after the nominative in most dictionaries.
Nom declension? Gender? Accusative? Ablative?
1.
senex sen__ sen__
2.
pictura
3.
pictor
4.
cibus

5.
mēnsa
6.
nāvis nāv__ nāv___
7.
leō leōn__ leōn___
8.
iānua
9.
vīnum
10.
tōnsor tōnsor___ tōnsor___
11.
amīcus
12.
atrium
13.
mercātor
14.
taberna
15.
mater matr__ matr__
16.
pater patr__ patr___
17.
coquus
Complete the following
1.
The friend praises the slave.
Amīc___ serv___ laudat
2.
The friend curses the slave.
Serv___ amī___ vituperat.
3, The old man enters the shop.
Tabern___ sen___ intrat.
3.
the master tastes the food domin__ cib___ gustat.
4.
The merchant greets Metella in the forum.
Metell__ mercatator__ in for___ salūtat *
The object of in is ablative when it means in or on.
5.
The slave girl curses Celer in the kitchen
Ancill___ Celer___in culin___ vituperat
6.
The painter leader the slave girl to the atrium.
Ancill___ pictor__ ad atri___ dūcit. * the object of ad is accusative.
7.
The poet jumps into the water.
Poet___ in aqu____ salit. o Poeta is one of the very few masculine 1 st declension nouns o
The object of in is accusative when it means into or onto. The object of in is ablative when if means in or on.

In Stage 2, we had the preposition “in”; we learned that when it means in or on, it takes its object in the ablative case. When it means into or onto, it takes its object in the accusative case. N this stag we meet two more prepositions: ad (which takes an accusative object) and ē/ex ( which takes an ablative object)
Translate into Latin:
1.
In the road
2.
Into the road
3.
To the road
4.
Out of the road
5.
In the ship
6.
Into the ship
7.
To the ship
8.
Out of the ship
9.
To the lion
10.
Into the house
11.
Out of the forum
12.
To the door
13.
Out of the shop
14.
To the forum
15.
In the house
16.
Into the shop
17.
Out of the lion
18.
Into the forum
19.
Out of the house
20.
In the shop
Do practicing the language, p. 42
A.
1.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2.
____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
3.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4.
____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
5.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
C. ____________________________________________________________

1. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
6. ___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
7. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
8. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
WORD STUDY:
Give the Latin word from which these words are derived. Make sure you know what they mean.
1.
provident
2.
janitor
3.
circumspect
4.
proclamation
5.
responsive
6.
deportation
7.
ridicule
8.
magnanimous
9.
irate
10.
imbibe
Give the derivatives of portat suggested inthe phrases below:
1.
easily carried port_ _ _ _
2.
a means of carrying from one place to another _ _ _ _ _port_ _ _ _ _
3.
carrying a great deal of significance: _ _ port_ _ _
4.
furnishing assistance _ _ _port_ _ _
5.
a person who writes accounts of events _ _ port _ _

Review for quiz STAGE 3
Know the vocabulary
Know the endings for Nominative, Accusative, Ablative cases (singular), 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd declension
Be able to look at a noun and know which declension it belongs to. In general:
Nom. Singular ends in –a---------1 st Declension (almost all are feminine, except agricula, nauta, poēta)
Nom singular ends in –us--------2
Nom singular ends in –um-------2 nd nd
Declension masculine
Declension neuter
Nom singular ends in anything besides –a, -us, -um --3
Common Exceptions:
Puer (boy), vir(man) and ager(field) are 2
***Be able to apply the right endings to nouns. nd rd Declension (you have to learn the gender for
3 rd declension nouns)
declension masculine.
Be able to read any passages from our stories. You should re-read the stories.
Read through the cultural material on Pompeii.
Nominative and Accusative:
1.
Grumiō sees Caecilius.
2.
Caecilius sees Grumiō
3.
Metella hears the slave.
4.
The slave hears Metella.
Grumiō____ Caecili_____ videt.
Grumiō____ Caecili_____ videt
Serv_____ Metell_____ audit.
Serv_____ Metell_____ audit.
5.
The peacock eats the dog.
6.
The dog eats the peacock.
Pavo_____ can______ consumit.
Pavo_____ can______ consumit.
7.
The merchant kills the girl. Mercator_____ puell____ necat.
8.
The girl kills the merchant. Mercator_____ puell____ necat.
9.
The boy loves the girl.
10.
The girl loves the boy.
Puer____ puell______ amat.
Puer____ puell______ amat.
11.
The lion carries the slave girl. Ancill____ leo____ portat.
12.
The slave girl carries the lion. Ancill____ leo____ portat.
Prepositional phrases:
Be able to use: in (in or on) takes the ablative; in (into, onto) takes the accusative
ē, ex takes the ablative ; ad takes the accusative
1.
In the house in vīll_____; into the house: in vīll_____
2.
In the food in cib_____; into the food: in cib_____
3.
In the wine in vīn_____; into the wine: in vīn_____
4.
In the kitchen in culīn____; into the kitchen: in culīn____;
5.
In the atrium in atri____; into the atrium: in atri____
6.
In the dog in can____; into the dog: in can_____
7.
In the ship in nav____; into the ship: in nav______
8.
In the foum in for___; into the forum: in for_____
9.
To the house: ad _____; out of the house: ē vīll________
10.
To the kitchen: ad ____; out of the kitchen: ē culīn___
11.
To the ship: ad _____; out of the ship: ē nav____
12.
To the atrium: ad _____; out of the atrium: ex atri___

13.
To the shop: ad tabern___; out of the shop: ē tabern____