Draft framework for data analysis for the WRC TMG Eco-impacts project
The purpose of this document is to provide a broad-brush framework for the WRC project on ecological and environmental impacts
of large-scale groundwater abstraction in the Table Mountain Group (TMG) aquifer system, in order to be guide the design of the
data analysis that forms part of the Scoping phase of the project.
This document consists of three parts:
Part A:
Conceptual approach to assessing the degree of dependency of vegetation on groundwater and actions to protect
those ecosystems
Part B:
Priority data sets for possible use in data analysis
Part C:
Data catalogue (based on the July 2002 data audit)
WRC TMG Eco-impacts projects: Draft framework for data analysis, 5 February 2003
1
Part A: Conceptual approach
Outlined below is a preliminary protocol to assess the degree of dependency of vegetation on groundwater and appropriate actions to protect those terrestrial ecosystems.
SEQUENCE OF KEY QUESTIONS
1. Is there groundwater available
and where is it discharging?
2. Are vegetation or aquatic
communities present in these areas,
which contrast with the surrounding
areas?
ISSUES TO BE RESOLVED FOR
TMG

Geological structural
features which control
groundwater flow and
discharge.

Hydraulic links to CCT’s
target zones
Ground truth

Springs

Seep

Fault/lithological change
with change in the spatial
distribution of vegetation
TOOLS AND ANALYSIS



Geological mapping
Remote sensing (RS)
GIS analysis
Remote sensing

Spatial contrast &
Temporal contrast
DATA SOURCES

Geomorphological data

Geological maps

Springs & BH data

RS-Landsat

SPOT

Expert input
Ecological maps/vegetation
distribution documentation
PARTICIPANTS
OUTPUT OR
OUTCOME
To be added
Specialist contributions
Specialist contributions
Eco-region datasets
Botanical mapping
Aquatic eco-assessment

Isotopes/chemistry

Tracers

Water Balance

GIS analysis
Flow gauging.
Groundwater level monitoring
Hydrogeochemical analysis
3. Do these communities use
groundwater for all or part of the
year?
Ground truth occurrence, discharge
characteristics
4. Which hydrogeological
parameters are critical to the plants
which use groundwater?
Ecosystem links with monitored use
Recharge, flow paths and recharge
5. Identify parameters for Resource
Quality Objectives (RQOs) for
groundwater and surface water
(water levels, salinity, nutrients,
trace elements)
6. How is the ecosystem affected
when groundwater is no longer
available?
Natural variations in attributes
Can they be impacted or managed
The responses of ecosystems to
changes in the availability of
groundwater.
Eco-mapping
Eco-physiology
Time series analysis
7. Understand the ecological
sensitivity to groundwater and risk
for future actions
Groundwater abstraction in context
of other changes (Climatic change
i.e long – medium term changes)
Time series analysis
Flow duration analysis
8. Are these communities important
with respect to ecosystem or socioeconomic functions in the
catchment?
The significance of the available
ecosystem to the
stakeholders/acceptable impacts
 Stakeholders participation
 Resource economics
9. Set RQO and Reserve thresholds
WRC TMG Eco-impacts projects: Draft framework for data analysis, 5 February 2003
Available field data
RS data
Specialist contributions
Expert input on the Xylem
structures
Experimental groundwater
manupulations

Climatic data

Recharge variarations
Specialist
contributions/UCT


Economic activities
Goods & services
Specialist contributions
 Specialist
contributions (WRC),
general CCT,
stakeholders, DWAF
& CMD
 Stakeholders, CMAs
& DWAF
2
Part B:
Priority data sets for possible use in data analysis
The purpose of this table is to provide an overview of the data sets that could be needed for the data analysis. This table provides
an update on the scope of data presented in the July 2002 data audit for the Eco-impacts project, in particular, adding data on
vegetation. Details on the additional data layers listed below generally still need to be sourced and added to the data catalogue.
Description of data
Available?
Actions
Comments
1(a) GEOLOGY: STRUCTURE
Envisaged use: Combine with geology (lithology) and terrain contours to deduce groundwater flow directions and discharge areas.
Structural geology at 1:50 000 digital From CGS. In CCT database.
Mike to obtain
No processing required.
data: this shows dips, folds faulting,
permission for use
offsets, fractures etc.
by WRC project
team.
CCT TMG UMVOTO mapping
In CCT database.
Lucille to determine No further processing at this stage.
1:100 000 and 1:40 000 satellite
ownership and
Note these are just lines and are not
mapping of lineaments
obtain permission
classified. Not clear whether these
for use by WRC
are to be used by WRC project team
project team.
at this stage.
1 (b) GEOLOGY: LITHOLOGY
Envisaged use: Combine with geology (structure) and terrain contours to deduce groundwater flow directions and discharge areas
Rock types
From CGS. In CCT database
Mike to obtain
No processing required.
permission for use
by WRC project
team.
2) GROUNDWATER
Envisaged use: To indicate at a coarse scale the occurrence of groundwater.
Groundwater/ hydrogeology maps
Yes. DWAF maps and records; National
(1:500 000): point source data;
groundwater database; local authority
groundwater contours; aquifer types; data??
aquifer yields; etc.
Springs (1:500 000 maps), including DWAF maps
mountain springs:
Hydrocensus
Flow rates; point data.
Borehole data:
DWAF (Gerhard van Zyl); National
Point data; groundwater quality,
groundwater database;
WRC TMG Eco-impacts projects: Draft framework for data analysis, 5 February 2003
These are too coarse to be useful,
and are incorrect/inappropriate in
some areas of the TMG.
Umvoto to
investigate ground
truthing
Umvoto to
investigate ground
Need to ground-truth quality of maps
vs available data?
Available for use by WRC project
team. Need to check quality of the
3
levels, time series and possibly
pumping rates?
NGDB
truthing
3) RIVERS
Envisaged use: To try and deduce the contribution of groundwater to river baseflow
Location of rivers and classifications Yes - WCSA
Cate to check with
(reaches)
x-sands
hydrologists
River flow data (different annual or
DWAF (raw data); Molenaars, Breede,
Cate
hourly flow regimes; different
Berg, Palmiet, Koekoedoe.
baseflow contributions; flow duration Ninham Shand (processed data);
curves and analyses; flood
Southern Waters (processed data); CSIR
recession curves) IFR
has highly detailed data for small
catchments included unaltered
catchments, eg. Zachariashoek,
Jonkershoek and Jakkalsrivier (Houwhoek)
Jackie King’s wetland classification
Hard copy only
Cate / SWs will
collate inventory of
positions and data
available.
SASS and biomonitoring
50 yrs of WQ and inverts at Berg sites
Cate
King and Shael – W Cape Rivers
Eco-regional level 2 and 3
classification of rivers (done as part
of the reserve determination under
National Water Act)
Level 1 only – 2 in process, not available
IWQS
4) PRECIPITATION AND EVAPORATION
Envisaged use: Use in analysis of potential recharge and flow components
Precipitation and evaporation data
Yes. With Umvoto for CCT Project.
CSIR has data for Zachoek and Jhoek.
Possibly also for Houwhoek area.
Precipitation and evaporation data
Time Series weather bureau. Climatology
Precipitation and evaporation data
Roland Shultz agro hydro
Snowmelt data:
Check …?
(contribution of snowmelt from Hex
WRC TMG Eco-impacts projects: Draft framework for data analysis, 5 February 2003
Rowena to
investigate
data. Possibly more useful for our
study area than the DWAF
hydrogeology maps? To time
consuming for our project to compile
a g/w map of the study area.
Based purely on gradient for CAPE
reaches. Pre-GIS 1:250K
DWAF observed data, WCSA
simulated monthly data. Could look
for perennial tributaries.
DWAF weir sites – excel
WCSA flows – GIS
WQ, published, also veg and
invertebrates assoc. with different
wetlands.
(Berg - Harrison, Kotze, Dallas)
King and Shael – WQ and sp. Level
inverts. Spreadsheets and Primer.
Could assist with identifying
manifestation of groundwater effects.
Level 1 too coarse.
Umvoto has some stuff.
CSIR has this
Priority? Which mountains in our
study area would be relevant?
4
and Matroosberg area?)
5) TERRAIN AND CONTOURS
Envisaged use: Combine with geology (lithology and structure) to deduce groundwater flow directions and discharge areas
Orthophotos and 20 m contours
Yes
See data audit for details
DEM
Lucille?
6) ESTUARIES
Envisaged use: Analyse the degree of dependence on groundwater
Check
Flow requirements; water levels;
when mouths are open or closed;
variability of river flow and water
levels
Christine to speak
to Lara van Niekerk
and Susan Taljaard
(CSIR)
7) COASTAL LAKES AND VLEIS
Envisaged use: To try and deduce the contribution of groundwater to river baseflow
Location; water levels; water quality;
Christine to speak
inflow and baseflow
to Lara van Niekerk
and Susan Taljaard
(CSIR)
Relevance and usefulness of this
data? Are these features dependent
on TMG groundwater?
8) VEGETATION
Envisaged use: Identify whether there is a correlation between contrasting (spatial and temporal) vegetation composition and structure, and
probable groundwater features.
Kogelberg data (1:10 000) – Charlie Yes. CSIR has digital copy; or obtain from
I have zip file
Boucher map
WCNCB
Possibly map vegetation in
no
(eg. using students & work with
Franschoek area
William Bond? Or Charlie Boucher?)
Vegetation mapping of Langeberg
To be confirmed
Outside study area
by Dave McDonald (NBI) (~1:10
000)
National NBI vegetation map
Best broad scale vegetation map
In database.
Coarser mapping:
CSIR digital copy
Not Usefull
Eugene Moll’s satellite map
Coarser mapping:
To be confirmed. Check with WCNCB
Koegelberg – may have additional
1970s/1980s CNC veg maps of
info 028 271 5138, Steve 082 785
catchments
1045. Mark Johns. What’s the diff
between this and Boucher stuff.
WRC TMG Eco-impacts projects: Draft framework for data analysis, 5 February 2003
5
Coarser mapping: CAPE broad
habitat unit (BHUs) mapping by
Cowling et al
Riverine vegetation types
koegelbrg@mweb.co.za.
Hottentots Holland, 028 841 4826,
082 413 5258, Leon Lawrence,
lourensl@hottentotsholland.co.za
Limietberg , Deon Rossouw 871
1535, dross@kingsley.co.za
reserves to ask for hard copy maps.
In database. Listed in data audit.
(Helen de Klerk, WCNCB,
Jonkershoek)
Yes. From WCNCB
Occurrence of rare species
Christine to check
with Cate
Dave to follow up
with WCNCB
9) FAUNA
Envisaged use: Could use faunal species as indicators of effects of abstraction??
- Fish
From WCNCB
David to check with
- Amphibians
WCNCB
- Invertebrates
Do we need data on this? To what
level of detail?
10) REMOTE SENSING
Envisaged use: Seasonal-spatial changes in vegetation, vegetation “lushness” and supplement geological structure data
See data audit for details
Simon
WRC TMG Eco-impacts projects: Draft framework for data analysis, 5 February 2003
6
Part C:
Data catalogue
The following tables outline data on the TMG system that is known to exist or potentially be available.
Dataset
Custodian
Existence
Scale
License
required
Cost
Have
Need
Geological Structure &
Lithology: 3324 PE
Geological Structure &
Lithology: 3322 Oudtshoorn
Geological Structure &
Lithology: 3320 Ladismith
Geological Structure &
Lithology: 3420 Riversdale
Geological Structure &
Lithology: 3319 Worcester
Geological Structure &
Lithology: 3318 Cape Town
CGS
Y
1:250 000
Y
R6990
CSIR
2
CGS
Y
1:250 000
Y
R7150
N
2
CGS
Y
1:250 000
Y
R8380
N
1
CGS
Y
1:250 000
Y
R3880
N
2
CGS
Y
1:250 000
Y
R7620
N
1
CGS
Y
1:250 000
Y
R4710
N
1
Geological Structure &
Lithology: 3218 Clanwilliam
CGS
Y
1:250 000
Y
R6650
N
1
CGS
Y
1:1 000 000
Y
R10 000
N (only 1993,
no licene)
3
CGS
y
1:50 000
?
?
1. GEOLOGY
Geology (1997)
Structural geology - shows
dips, folds faulting, offsets,
fractures etc.
Lithology
?
CGS
y
1:50 000
WRC TMG Eco-impacts projects: Draft framework for data analysis, 5 February 2003
?
?
?
7
2. HYDROGEOLOGY
Groundwater Regions of South
Africa
Standard Hydrological features
Hydrogeological Map Series –
Cape Town
Hydrogeological Map Series –
Oudtshoorn
Hydrogeological Map Series –
Port Elizabeth
Hydrogeological Map Series –
Calvinia
WRC
Y
1:1 000 000
N
N/a
CSIR
1
DWAF
DWAF
Y
Y
1:500 000
1:500 000
N
N
N/a
N/a
N
CSIR
1
1
DWAF
Y
1:500 000
N
N/a
CSIR
1
DWAF
Y
1:500 000
N
N/a
CSIR
1
DWAF
In
Production
1:500 000
N
N/a
N
1
Breede River Hydro-census
data
Groundwater
Consulting
Services
Unawarded
tender
y
?
?
?
n
1
y
?
?
?
n
1
Roger Parsons &
Assc
y
?
?
?
n
1
DWAF
y
1:500 000
?
?
?
?
1:50 000 – 1:500
000
Y
N/a
N
1
Berg River Hydro-census data,
Borehole data: point data,
groundwater quality, levels,
time series and possibly
pumping rates
Hex River Hydro-census data
Springs including mountain
springs: Flow rates and point
data
3. HYDROLOGY/GEOHYDROLOGY
Hydrological Features – rivers,
estuaries, coastal lakes and
vleis. Includes river flow data
(different annual or hourly
flow regimes; different
DWAF
Y
Geomatics, CSIR
(estuaries),
Southern
Waters.
WRC TMG Eco-impacts projects: Draft framework for data analysis, 5 February 2003
8
baseflow contributions; flow
duration curves and analyses;
flood recession curves)
4. CLIMATIC DATASETS
Precipitation and evaporation
CSIR
y
1:50 000?
N
?
?
Snowmelt data
?
?
?
?
?
?
Y
1:500 000
Y
N
?
y
1:10 000
?
R3 025
Western Cape
(poss. more for
CFK)
?
6. GENERAL LAND COVER
ARC Land-types (+ pdf of land
types descriptions)
ARC ISCW
Y
1:250 000?
Y
R817 per sheet
= R4902
1
National Landcover
CSIR
Y
1:250 000
N/a
N/a
CSIR - only
for 1:250K
Oudtshoorn
sheet
CSIR
ENPAT 20012
DEA&T
Y
~1:250 000
Y
R500 for
Eastern Cape,
Western Cape
and Metro
Areas
Only
previous
version
3
5. DIGITAL TOPOGRAPHY/TERRAIN
SLI Digital Topographic
Surveyor
Features1
General
Orthophotos and 20m
contours
N
1
Digital Topographic Features include Roads, Rivers, Dams, Pans, Railways, Railway Stations, Bridges, Power lines, some communications features, Schools, 20m contours
2
ENPAT = Environmental Potential Atlas
WRC TMG Eco-impacts projects: Draft framework for data analysis, 5 February 2003
1
1
9
7. CAPE LAND USE COVER
Western Cape
Nature
Conservation
Board (WCNCB)
WCNCB
Y
1:50 000 – 1:250
000
Y
Y
N/a
CSIR
1
Mammal Irreplaceability
Values
Priorities
WCNCB
Y
Y
N/a
CSIR
1
WCNCB
Y
Y
N/a
CSIR
1
Priority Remnants
WCNCB
Y
Y
N/a
CSIR
1
Sensitive Lower Vertebrates
WCNCB
Y
Y
N/a
CSIR
1
Transformed Areas
WCNCB
Y
Y
N/a
CSIR
1
Untransformed Areas
WCNCB
Y
1:50 000 – 1:250
000
1:50 000 – 1:250
000
1:50 000 – 1:250
000
1:50 000 – 1:250
000
1:50 000 – 1:250
000
1:50 000 – 1:250
000
1:50 000 – 1:250
000
Y
N/a
CSIR
1
Fresh Water
Research UnitUCT
DWAF
?
Y
?
?
?
N
?
?
?
N
?
N/a
?
CSIR
N
1
DWAF or
Southern Waters
Y
Check with
Cate?
Check with
Cate(?
?
?
?
N
Southern Waters
Y
?
N
?
Southern
Waters
Broad Habitat Units
Irreplaceability Values
8. AQUATIC FEATURES
Degradation of Rivers and
Wetlands
Wetlands
Jackie King’s wetland data
Eco-regional level 2 and 3
9. INFRASTRUCTURE
N1 & N2 Data
10. TOPOGRAPHIC AND CADASTRAL MAPS
WRC TMG Eco-impacts projects: Draft framework for data analysis, 5 February 2003
10
Scanned Maps
Scanned Maps
Urban and Rural Cadastre
GIMS
GIMS
Chief
Directorate:
Cadastral
Surveys
(Surveyor
General: Cape
Town)
WCNCB
Y
Y
City of
Cape
Town
(CCT)
project
1:50 000
1:250 000
1:50 000
Y
Y
?
~R500
CCT
project
1:50 000 to 1:6
250
?
?
Local Authority Nature
Reserves
Mountain Catchment Areas
WCNCB
Biosphere Reserves Zonation
(Kogelberg & West Coast)
National Heritage Sites
WCNCB
1:50 000 to 1:6
250
1:50 000 to 1:6
250
1:50 000 to 1:6
250
?
Conservancies
WCNCB
Private Nature Reserves
WCNCB
CCT
project
CCT
project
CCT
project
CCT
project
CCT
project
CCT
project
WCNCB
WCNCB?
Y
?
1:10 000
?
?
?
?
?
?
N
CSIR digital copy
Y
1:250 000
N
?
?
NBI vegetation map
?
Y
1:500 000
N
None
y
Riverine vegetation type
Southern waters,
Cate?
WCNCB?
?
?
?
?
?
Check with
WCNCB
N/A
N
?
?
Provincial Nature Reserve
Boundaries
11. BOTANICAL MAPS
Kogelberg data (Boucher map)
1970’s/1980’s CNC vegetation
map
Eugene Moll’s satellite map
Occurrence of rare species
WCNCB
WCNCB
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
1:50 000 to 1:6
250
WRC TMG Eco-impacts projects: Draft framework for data analysis, 5 February 2003
Selected
Selected
?
11
12. FAUNA
Fish, amphibians,
invertebrates etc
WCNCB?
FAO Fisheries GIS
FAO
?
?
Check with
Simon
13. REMOTE SENSING
?
?
?
N
?
?
?
N
3
?
?
?
?
?
Need column: 1 = Essential, 2 = Useful, 3 = Nice to have
Franschoek Map Catalogue
Dataset
Custodian
Existence
Scale/Resolution
Digital Topographic Features
SLI
Y
1:50 000
Landsat 7 ETM+
175 – 083/084 (19991102)
DEM
CSIR
Y
CSIR
Y
30m Multi-spectral
15m Panchromatic
20m
License
required
Y
Cost
Have
Part of above
N
R451 for 4
1:50k sheets
N/a
?
N/a
CSIR/ Southern
Waters
CSIR
Zachariashoek Map Catalogue supplied by David Le Maitre, CSIR. From Zachariashoek data document describing the main sources of
existing data for the area.
Description
Scale (approx)
Date
Aerial photograph B& W
1:12 000
1967
Topo & boreholes x 3
1:20 000
Geology transparency
1:20 000
Catchments topo
1:10 000
Catchments ortho-photo 3319CC 6&7
1:10 000
1978 photo
Catchments topo
1:10 000
1971
Catchments topo + treatment sheet
1:10 000
1971
Ortho-photo transparency with overlay
1:10 000
1978 photo
Ortho-photo paper
1:10 000
1978 photo
Ortho-photo transparency x2
1:10 000
1978 photo
Plant releve locations grid
Vegetation map paper
1:10 000
Spot heights
1:12 000
Vegetation map transparency
1:10 000
Topo transparency
1:10 000
1971
(The data outlined here be captured into GIS format through either digitising or scanning and geo-referencing if required)
WRC TMG Eco-impacts projects: Draft framework for data analysis, 5 February 2003
12