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Timeline of Communication Technologies
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1. 1450: The Italian art architect Leon Battista Alberti invented the first mechanical
anemometer. This instrument consisted of a disk placed perpendicular to the wind. It would
rotate by the force of the wind, and by the angle of inclination of the disk the wind force
momentary showed itself. An anemometer is a device that is used for measuring wind speed.
It helps predict the forecast which helps people interpret their overall day schedule.
2. 1608 October 2: Optical telescope first built by Hans Lippershey (c1570-1619) in
the Netherlands. An optical telescope is a telescope which is used to gather and focus light
mainly from the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum for directly viewing a magnified
image for making a photograph, or collecting data through electronic image sensors. It
impacted society because it allowed the world to view objects in a different perspective. It
helped to create the camera because a camera has zoom and it uses light to view images. Its
use also helped to create binoculars which are used in war to view distant objects which
increases deaths in war.
3. 1711: Tuning fork is invented by John Shore. A tuning fork is an acoustic resonator in the
form of a two-pronged fork with the tines formed from a U-shaped bar of elastic metal
(usually steel). It resonates at a specific constant pitch when set vibrating by striking it against
a surface or with an object, and emits a pure musical tone after waiting a moment to allow
some high overtones to die out. The pitch that a particular tuning fork generates depends on
the length of the two prongs. Its main use is as a standard of pitch to tune other musical
instruments. The tuning fork changed the way of music because it allows instruments to all be
tuned thus producing a better quality sound. It increases the performance of musical
instruments which helps to increase demand for music. It is helps to organize musicians
because it helps them focus and use more attention to detail.
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Timeline of Communication Technologies
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4. 1798: Lithography is invented by Alois Senefelder. Lithography is a method for printing
using a plate or stone with a completely smooth surface. By contrast, in intaglio printing plate
is engraved, etched or stippled to make cavities to contain the printing ink, and in woodblock
printing and letterpress ink is applied to the raised surfaces of letters or images. Lithography
uses oil or fat and gum arabic to divide the smooth surface into hydrophobic regions which
accept the ink, and hydrophilic regions which reject it and thus become the background. This
helped artists and writers because it expanded their choice of use of equipment. This also
helps to improve an artist or writers point because it is more visually appealing. It increases
the use of oil which means more demand for oil which also means more supply and this is bad
for the environment.
5. 1816: Sir David Brewster (1781-1868) invents the kaleidoscope. A kaleidoscope is a tube of
mirrors containing loose coloured beads, pebbles or other small coloured objects. The viewer
looks in one end and light enters the other end, reflecting off the mirrors. Typically there are
two rectangular lengthwise mirrors. Setting of the mirrors at 45° creates eight duplicate
images of the objects, six at 60°, and four at 90°. As the tube is rotated, the tumbling of the
coloured objects presents the viewer with varying colors and patterns. Any arbitrary pattern
of objects shows up as a beautiful symmetric pattern because of the reflections in the mirrors.
It changed the way of cameras because it was a key aspect to making the camera what it is
today. It integrated mirrors which are used to create different patterns which help us to
create intriguing designs.
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Timeline of Communication Technologies
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6. 1825: The first permanent photograph was an image produced in 1825 by the French
inventor Joseph Nicéphore Niépce. His photographs were produced on a polished
pewter plate covered with a petroleum derivative called bitumen of Judea. Bitumen hardens
with exposure to light. The unhardened material may then be washed away and the metal
plate polished, rendering a negative image which then may be coated with ink and impressed
upon paper, producing a print. The photograph provides people with an image rather than
just words. It has changed the world because people could view things without actually being
there to see it because the photograph records it.
7. 1827: Switzerland's Rudolphe Töpffer created a comic strip and continued on to publish
seven graphic novels. In 1837, "The Adventures of Obadiah Oldbuck" was published by
Rudolphe Töpffer and it is considered the earliest known comic book. Comic books were a
cheap entertainment because they made time pass fast and they provided people the sense of
reading. Comic books are exciting which keep people interested as well as they communicate
morals and issues in the world.
8. 1829: Louis Braille (1809-1852) improved a coded system of raised dots used by the
blind to read. He was blinded as a child, and invented his extraordinary system in his early
teens. In 1829, Braille published "The Method of Writing Words, Music, and Plain Song by
Means of Dots, for Use by the Blind and Arranged by Them." His method, called Braille, is still in
use around the world today. Louis Braille is buried in the Pantheon in Paris, as a French
national hero. Braille help many of those that are blind learn and communicate. Braille helps
those less fortunate which helps society because it allows those who are blind to live life
easier.
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Timeline of Communication Technologies
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9. 1831: Joseph Henry invents the first electric telegraph. The electrical telegraph is a
telegraph that uses electric signals. The electromagnetic telegraph is a device for human-tohuman transmission of coded text messages over wire. This helps people communicate over
long distances and helps to later influence telephones.
10. 1837: Rowland Hill invented the postage stamp in 1837, an act for which he was
knighted. A postage stamp is adhesive paper evidence of a fee paid for postal services.
Usually a small rectangle attached to an envelope, the stamp signifies the person sending it
has fully or partly paid for delivery. Postage stamps are the most popular way of paying for
retail mail; alternatives include prepaid-postage envelopes and postage meters. The postage
stamp is essential to mail because it is used as identification. Without postage stamps there
would be no order in mail.
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Timeline of Communication Technologies
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11. 1840: Samuel Morse invented Morse code, an electronic alphabet patented in 1840.
Morse code is a type of character encoding that transmits telegraphic information using
rhythm. Morse code uses a standardized sequence of short and long elements to represent
the letters, numerals, punctuation and special characters of a given message. The short and
long elements can be formed by sounds, marks, or pulses, in on off keying and are commonly
known as "dots" and "dashes" or "dits" and "dahs". Morse code made a difference in wars
because it was a way of communicating over distances before microphones and phones
existed. It was used in war which means it influenced the death rate and battles.
12. 1859: The French physicist Raymond Gaston Planté (April 22, 1834-1889) invented a
battery made from two lead plates joined by a wire and immersed in a sulfuric acid
electrolyte; this was the first storage battery. Storage batteries are batteries that can be
recharged. Batteries are essential to powering most electronics and machines. Without the
battery most of society would not be able to operate because of the lack of power.
13. 1860: Pierre and Ernest Michaux, the French father and son team of carriage-makers,
invented the first bicycle during the 1860s. The bicycle, bike, or cycle is a pedal-driven,
human-powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. The
bicycle was an invention that helps people to travel without the entire effort of walking. It
provides people with exercise while allowing them to get to destinations.
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Timeline of Communication Technologies
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14. 1861: The first known permanent color photograph is taken by James Clerk Maxwell
Color photography is photography that uses media capable of representing colors which are
produced chemically during the photographic processing phase. It is contrasted with blackand-white photography, which uses media capable only of showing shades of gray, and does
not include hand coloured photographs. Some examples of color photography include prints,
color negatives, transparencies and slides, and roll and sheet films. Colour photography was
the advancement in photos because it allowed people to really embrace images. Objects and
things in pictures are easier to determine and communication in the photos are easier to
understand.
15. 1867: The first machine patented in the United States that showed animated pictures or
movies was a device called the "wheel of life" or "zoopraxiscope". Patented in 1867 by
William Lincoln, moving drawings or photographs were watched through a slit in the
zoopraxiscope. This was the beginning of motion images which lead to videos and movies and
T.Vs.
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Timeline of Communication Technologies
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16. 1867: Typewriter: Christopher Sholes, Carlos Glidden, U.S., 1867. A typewriter is a
mechanical or electromechanical device with a set of "keys" that, when pressed, cause
characters to be printed on a medium, usually paper. For much of the 20th century,
typewriters were indispensable tools for many professional writers and in business offices.
Typewriters helped to produce keyboards for computers. They also helped the phone industry
with number pads and key pads.
17. 1873 March 1: Electric motor using DC current, invented by Zénobe Gramme (18261901) of Belgium, exhibited in Vienna. The modern DC motor was invented by accident in
1873, when Zénobe Gramme connected the dynamo he had invented to a second similar unit,
driving it as a motor. The Gramme machine was the first electric motor that was successful in
the industry. An electric motor uses electrical energy to produce mechanical energy, nearly
always by the interaction of magnetic fields and current-carrying conductors. The electric
motor revolutionized the world because it led to mass productions on vehicles. It increased
job opportunities because demand for cars means more supply and a car relies on lots of steps
to complete. Each step needs individual production and this made the economy better but
increases pollution and carbon emissions which are a contributor to global warming.
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Timeline of Communication Technologies
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18. 1876: The first microphone was a telephone transmitter invented by Emile Berliner for
Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. A microphone is an acoustic-to-electric transducer or sensor
that converts sound into an electrical signal. Microphones are used in many applications such
as telephones, tape recorders, hearing aids, motion picture production, live and recorded
audio engineering, in radio and television broadcasting and in computers. The microphone
was a key aspect to creating the telephone and helping create headsets. It helps people to
communicate without being directly near the person.
19. 1876 March: The telephone was invented in March of 1876. The famous incident in which
Alexander Graham Bell spilled acid on himself and called out to his assistant, Watson,
not realizing his voice was being carried over the telephone was on March 10. The telephone
is a telecommunications device that is used to transmit and receive sound. Most telephones
operate through transmission of electric signals over a complex telephone network which
allows almost any phone user to communicate with almost anyone. The telephone was the
time where communication greatly grew because people had the ability to communicate over
vast distances. The world got closer and technology got more advanced and people began to
get more connected with technology.
20. August 8, 1876: Thomas Edison patents the mimeograph - an office copying machine.
The stencil duplicator or mimeograph machine is a low-cost printing press that works by
forcing ink through a stencil onto paper. Along with spirit duplicators and hectographs,
mimeographs were for many decades used to print short-run office work, classroom
materials, and church bulletins. Although in mid-range quantities, mimeographs remain more
economical and energy efficient. They help to take the hassle out because they are more
efficient and faster to get information on paper.
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Timeline of Communication Technologies
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21. 1877: Records, used to record sound, were invented in 1877 by Thomas Alva Edison,
who invented the first machine to record and play back sounds (the phonograph or record
player). Early records were cylindrical, but flat disks soon replaced them. Records are
significant to the music world because they were used to record music. This affected everyone
because at the time music was one of the most listened to entertainment. Music inspires
people and relates to their life which influenced who they are.
22. 1877: German, Ernst Siemens patented the first loudspeaker on Dec. 14, 1877. Englishmen,
Sir Oliver Lodge received the second patent for a loudspeaker on April 27, 1898. A loudspeaker,
speaker, or speaker system is an electro acoustical transducer that converts an electrical signal
to sound. The term loudspeaker can refer to individual transducers (known as drivers), or to
complete systems consisting of an enclosure incorporating one or more drivers and electrical
filter components. Loud speakers help communicate messages because they allow sounds to be
heard. They help with music because it allows electrical signals to be altered to music.
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Timeline of Communication Technologies
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23. 1878 December 9: American engineer Oberlin Smith invents a magnetic recorder. It is
not developed commercially. Magnetic storage and magnetic recording are terms from
engineering referring to the storage of data on a magnetized medium. Magnetic storage uses
different patterns of magnetization in a magnetizable material to store data and is a form of
non-volatile memory. This would lead to the creation of portable voice recorders and shape
the future of video cameras. The impact to society is the benefit of a new method of sound
recording which helps to create new inventions based on the sound recorder.
24. 1883 January 30: James Ritty and John Birch received a patent for inventing the
cash register. James Ritty invented what was nicknamed the "Incorruptible Cashier" or the
first working, mechanical cash register. A cash register is a mechanical or electronic device for
calculating and recording sales transactions, and an attached cash drawer for storing currency.
The cash register also usually prints a receipt for the customer. The cash register helps
manage money and add safety to the money of owners. It also adds efficiency because
everything is organized and it prints receipts too to record data.
25. 1892: William Seward Burroughs Born 1857 Rochester, N.Y - Died 1898. In 1885,
Burroughs filed his first patent for a calculating machine. However, his 1892 patent was for an
improved calculating machine with an added printer. William Seward Burroughs invented the
first practical adding and listing machine - National Inventors Hall of Fame. A calculator is a
device for performing mathematical calculations, distinguished from a computer by having a
limited problem solving ability and an interface optimized for interactive calculation rather than
programming. Calculators are the key to solving problems with great ease. Calculators also help
to determine answers that are complex.
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Timeline of Communication Technologies
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26. 1898: Neon was discovered in 1898. In the first decade of the 1900s Georges Claude (1870–
1960), a French chemist, observed the red glow that was produced when running an electric
current through a neon-filled tube. He also discovered that argon emitted a blue glow. Neon
lighting was used around 1930 in France for general illumination, but neon lighting has come to
be used today primarily for eye-catching neon signs and advertisements. Neon lights helps
people to attain lights which help people travel at night or understand messages through them.
27. 1903 December: Orville Wright (1871-1948) and Wilbur Wright (1867-1912)
requested a patent application for a "flying machine" nine months before their successful
flight in December 1903, which Orville Wright recorded in his diary. A heavier-than-air vehicle
designed to use the pressures created by its motion through the air to lift and transport useful
loads. To achieve practical, controllable flight, an airplane must consist of a source of thrust
for propulsion, a geometric arrangement to produce lift, and a control system capable of
manoeuvring the vehicle within prescribed limits. The plane was one of the first greatest
accomplishments because it was a symbol of people passing through a barrier. It was one of
the greatest desires to fly and with the airplane people could accomplish this.
28. 1906: First Mechanical Television System, Boris Rosing combines Nipkow's disk and a
cathode ray tube and builds the first working mechanical TV system. Mechanical television
(also called televisor) was a television system that used mechanical or electromechanical
devices to capture and display images. However, the images themselves were usually
transmitted electronically and via radio waves. Televisions provided people with a new form
of entertainment when it first came out but also a reliever of stress. Televisions broadcast
many different types of genres which allow people choice on the type they wish to view.
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Timeline of Communication Technologies
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29. 1915: Paul Langévin invented the first sonar type device for detecting submarines called
an "echo location to detect submarines" using the piezoelectric properties of the quartz. He was
too late to help very much with the war effort, however, Langévin's work heavily influenced
future sonar designs. Sonar (originally an acronym for sound navigation and ranging) is a
technique that uses sound propagation to navigate, communicate with or detect other vessels.
There are two kinds of sonar: active and passive. Sonar may be used as a means of acoustic
location and of measurement of the echo characteristics of "targets" in the water. Sonar helps
people with determining sea depths, manoeuvre submarines through the sea and communicate
with sea creatures.
30. 1921: John Larson invented the polygraph or lie detector in 1921. A polygraph (popularly
referred to as a lie detector) is an instrument that measures and records several physiological
responses such as blood pressure, pulse, respiration breathing rhythms body temperature and
skin conductivity while the subject is asked and answers a series of questions, on the theory
that false answers will produce distinctive measurements. The polygraph measures
physiological changes caused by the sympathetic nervous system during questioning. Lie
detector is used for government use because it helps to catch criminals as well as determine
information. It also is a way to ensure that knowledge that is needed is known.
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Timeline of Communication Technologies
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31. 1923 November 20: After witnessing a collision between an automobile and a horse-drawn
carriage, Garrett Morgan took his turn at inventing a traffic signal. The patent was granted
on November 20, 1923. The traffic light, also known as traffic signal, stop light, traffic lamp,
stop-and-go lights, robot or semaphore, is a signalling device positioned at a road intersection,
pedestrian crossing, or other location. The purpose of signalizing an intersection is to assign the
right of way to the different intersection approaches by displaying a series of colors (Red Amber - Green), using a universal color code (and a precise sequence, for those who are color
blind). Traffic lights are ideal to helping people travel in automobiles because they help with
organization and keeping order. Without traffic signals there would be chaos, more accidents
and they also help input the usage of colours to send a message.
32. 1931: The first electron microscope prototype was built in 1931 by the German engineers
Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll. An electron microscope is a type of microscope that uses
electrons to illuminate a specimen and create an enlarged image. Electron microscopes have
much greater resolving power than light microscopes and can obtain much higher
magnifications. Microscopes help people to explore a newer world of life. Microscopes help to
examine cells to help with medical needs which helps society because it can help with saving
lives.
33. 1935: Radar as we know it was invented and the acronym established in 1935 by three British
scientists, Sir Robert Watson-Watt, A F Wilkins and H E Wimperis along
with Sir Henry Tizard discovered its use putting it to excellent effect in World War 2.
Radar is a system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range, altitude, direction, or
speed of both moving and fixed objects such as aircraft, ships, motor vehicles, weather
formations, and terrain. Radar changed the way of war because distance foreign objects could
be detected from far distances. Radar also helps people to navigate without interfering with
any other objects. Radar is now used to watch developing weather patterns, to monitor air
traffic, to track ships at sea, and to detect missiles.
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Timeline of Communication Technologies
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34. 1936: Konrad Zuse - Z1 Computer First freely programmable computer. A computer is a
machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. The ability to store and
execute lists of instructions called programs makes computers extremely versatile and
distinguishes them from calculators. The computer is a form of technology which
revolutionized the world because of all the features it provides such as entertainment, news,
programs and files.
35. 1938: A Hungarian journalist named Laszlo Biro invented the first ballpoint pen in 1938.
Biro had noticed that the type of ink used in newspaper printing dried quickly, leaving the
paper dry and smudge-free. He decided to create a pen using the same type of ink. To avoid
clogging his pen up with thick ink, he proposed a tiny metal ball that rotated at the end of a
tube of this quick drying ink. The ball would have two functions: It would act as a cap to keep
the ink from drying and it would let ink flow out of the pen at a controlled rate. The ball point
pen changed the world in printing because it added an alternate way to write. The ball point
pen is a popular medium which helps many people to express their point through essays and
articles.
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Timeline of Communication Technologies
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36. 1943: Nikola Tesla is now credited with being the first person to patent radio technology;
the Supreme Court overturned Marconi's patent in 1943 in favour of Tesla. Radio is the
transmission of signals, by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below
those of visible light. Electromagnetic radiation travels by means of oscillating electromagnetic
fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space. Information is carried by
systematically changing some property of the radiated waves, such as amplitude, frequency,
or phase. Radios were a form of communications which could be broadcasted to long
distances. They can provide a source of information such as during World War 2 people relied
on radios for updates on news. Radios also provide a source of entertainment such as music or
comedy.
37. 1951: Charles Ginsburg led the research team at Ampex Corporation in developing the first
practical videotape recorder (VTR). In 1951, the first video tape recorder (VTR) captured live
images from television cameras by converting the information into electrical impulses and
saving the information onto magnetic tape. This helped record data for later uses because it is
easier and information can be recorded.
38. 1952 October 7: The first patent for a bar code type product (US Patent #2,612,994) was
issued to inventors Joseph Woodland and Bernard Silver on October 7, 1952. The
Woodland and Silver bar code can be described as a "bull's eye" symbol, made up of a series
of concentric circles. A bar code (also barcode) is an optical machine-readable representation
of data. Originally, bar codes represented data in the widths (lines) and the spacings of parallel
lines and may be referred to as linear or 1D (1 dimensional) barcodes or symbologies. The first
use of barcodes was to automate grocery checkout systems, a task where they have become
almost universal today. Bar codes allow the world to become more organized and easier
because it had a certain code for each individual object and it with a scan of the barcode you
can identify it.
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Timeline of Communication Technologies
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39. 1953: International Business Machines IBM 701 EDPM Compute, IBM enters into 'The
History of Computers'. International Business Machines Corporation, abbreviated IBM and
nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational computer technology and consulting corporation
headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States. The company is one of the few
information technology companies with a continuous history dating back to the 19th century.
IBM manufactures and sells computer hardware and software, and offers infrastructure
services, hosting services, and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers
to nanotechnology. IBM created windows which is one of the most used operating systems
which is used to communicate to the hardware and acts as the central organization for
computers.
40. 1958: Chester Carlson invents the photocopier or Xerox machine. A photocopier (or copier)
is a machine that makes paper copies of documents and other visual images quickly and
cheaply. Photocopying is widely used in business, education, and government. There have been
many predictions that photocopiers will eventually become obsolete as information workers
continue to increase their digital document creation and distribution, and rely less on
distributing actual pieces of paper. Photocopiers make life easier because people can do more
work in less time and with more efficiency.
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Timeline of Communication Technologies
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41. 1959: both parties applied for patents. Jack Kilby and Texas Instruments received U.S.
patent #3,138,743 for miniaturized electronic circuits. Robert Noyce and the Fairchild
Semiconductor Corporation received U.S. patent #2,981,877 for a silicon based integrated
circuit. It seems that the integrated circuit was destined to be invented. Two separate inventors,
unaware of each other's activities, invented almost identical integrated circuits or ICs at nearly
the same time. The integrated circuit is the key to managing and operating most electronics.
They helped change the world of electronics because they provided a controller to most circuits.
42. 1960: Laser ,Charles H. Townes, Arthur L. Schawlow, U.S., N. Basov, A. Prokhorov,
U.S.S.R., 1958; (first working model) T. H. Maiman, U.S., 1960. A laser is a device that emits
light (electromagnetic radiation) through a process called stimulated emission. Lasers are used
for surgery and shows because they serve many purposes. Lasers can be dangerous because
of the intensity of the light which can cause lots of harm to people.
43. 1962: Steve Russell & MIT Spacewar Computer Game The first computer game
invented. Spacewar! was the first game intended for computer use. Russell used a MIT PDP-1
mainframe computer to design his game. Video games changed the world because they
provided people a form of communicating while having entertainment. It helps people relax
and have fun because games provide many different concepts and plots.
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Timeline of Communication Technologies
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44. 1965: James Russell invented the compact disk in 1965. James Russell was granted a
total of 22 patents for various elements of his compact disk system. However, the compact
disk did not become popular until it was mass manufactured by Philips in 1980. CD expanded
the memory storage and it allowed a better way to store data because it has faster boot
speeds. CDs were used to store music, games, programs, files and documents.
45. 1970: An optical fiber (or fibre) is a glass or plastic fiber that carries light along its length.
Optical fibers are widely used in fiber-optic communications, which permits transmission over
longer distances and at higher bandwidths than other forms of communications. Fibers are used
instead of metal wires because signals travel along them with less loss, and they are also
immune to electromagnetic interference. Corning Glass researchers Robert Maurer,
Donald Keck and Peter Schultz invented fiber optic wire or "Optical Waveguide Fibers."
(patent #3,711,262) Fiber optics are going to revolutionize the world because they provide quick
communications through networks. Fiber optics will soon be in a lot of households and society
will be closer because communications are faster.
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Timeline of Communication Technologies
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46. 1971 April 22: James Fergason was the inventor of an improved liquid crystal display or
LCD. A liquid crystal display (LCD) is an electronically-modulated optical device shaped into a
thin, flat panel made up of any number of color or monochrome pixels filled with liquid
crystals and arrayed in front of a light source (backlight) or reflector. It is often utilized in
battery-powered electronic devices because it uses very small amounts of electric power. LCD
has an increased resolution and provides more colours. It is a necessity to most because it is
used for televisions and as computer monitors.
47. 1971: The "floppy" was invented by IBM engineers led by Alan Shugart. The first disks were
designed for loading microcodes into the controller of the Merlin (IBM 3330) disk pack file (a
100 MB storage device). A floppy is a circle of magnetic material similar to other kinds of
recording tape such as cassette tape; one or two sides of the disk are used for recording. Floppy
disks were the main source for storing computer information and which help lead to the
development of USBs.
48. 1973 May 22: The press has often stated that Ethernet was invented on May 22, 1973, when
Robert Metcalfe wrote a memo to his bosses stating the possibilities of Ethernet’s potential,
but Metcalfe claims Ethernet was actually invented very gradually over a period of several years.
Ethernet is a family of frame-based computer networking technologies for local area networks
(LANs). The name comes from the physical concept of the ether. It defines a number of wiring
and signalling standards for the Physical Layer of the OSI networking model. Ethernet is vital to
creating communications over networks. They help to create a system for communications.
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Timeline of Communication Technologies
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49. 1992: The World Wide Web (commonly abbreviated as "the Web") is a system of interlinked
hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a Web browser, one can view Web pages
that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them using
hyperlinks. Using concepts from earlier hypertext systems, the World Wide Web was begun in
1992 by the English physicist Sir Tim Berners-Lee. The World Wide Web influenced the
world because it brought the world closer and information is easier to attain. Communication is
also easier because one could be at home and communicate to Japan in an instant and
information can be stored.
50. 2003: Magnetic resonance imaging or scanning (also called an MRI) is a method of looking
inside the body without using surgery, harmful dyes or x-rays. The MRI scanner uses magnetism
and radio waves to produce clear pictures of the human anatomy. The 2003 Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Paul C Lauterbur and Peter Mansfield for
their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging. MRI is a great way to helping people
with determining issues with the human body without dangerous methods or surgery. They are
expensive however they do determine problems easier because they use computers.
References:
1. http://www.wikipedia.org/
2. http://inventors.about.com/library/blcoindex.htm
3. http://inventors.about.com/od/astartinventions/a/FamousInvention.htm
4. http://inventors.about.com/od/timelines/Timelines_of_Invention_and_Technology.htm
5. http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bl_history_of_communication.htm
6. http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/chronomedia_years.htm
7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_invention