ST AF F
Scientific Staff: Univ.Prof. Dr. Helmuth Horvath, Em.O.Univ.Prof. Dr. Othmar Preining,
Ao.Prof. Dr. Regina Hitzenberger, Ao.Prof. Dr. Karl W. Kratky,
Dr. Christian Kruisz (until September 2004), Ao.Prof. Dr. Georg Reischl,
Ao.Prof. Dr. Wladyslaw W. Szymanski, Ao.Prof. Dr. Paul E. Wagner
Scientific Coworkers: Ao.Prof. Dr. Axel Berner (retired), Univ.Prof. Dr. Manfred Drosg (retired),
Project Coworkers:
Guest Scientist:
Dr. Aron Vrtala
Peter Ctyroky, Lisa Fenk, Mag. Heinrich Giebl, Arthur Golczewski, Linda Hofer,
Bernd Jost, Dr. Miroslav Kocifaj, Dipl.-Ing. Christian Laschober, Andreas Schamanek,
Mag. Lucas Wind, Mag. Paul Winkler
Prof. Lucas Alados Arboledas (Univ. Granada, Spain), Lic. Antonio Alcantra (Univ.
Granada, Spain), Dr. Peter Gál (Institute of Solid State Physics and Optics, Hungarian
Academy of Sciences), Prof. Marrku Kulmala (Univ. Helsinki), Univ. Doz. Dr. Karl E.
Kürten (Univ. Köln), Dr. Attila Nagy (Institute of Solid State Physics and Optics,
Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Prof. Francisco José Olmo Reyes (Univ.Granada),
Lic. Sandra Isabella Pino Mogo (Univ. Valladolid, Spain), Prof. Albert Podgorski (TU
Diploma Students:
PhD Students:
Warschau, Polen) Dr. Janja Tursic (National Institute of Chemistry, Slowenien),
Dr. Tomasz Sosnowski (TU Warschau, Polen)
Bernhard Baumann, Oliver Chik, David Diepold, Peter Ctyroky,
Naciye Elagöz,
Lisa Fenk, Nikolaus Fölker, Artur Golczewski, Verena Hiessberger, Linda Hofer,
Petra Kröpfl, Nayla Sabbagh, Gerhard Steiner, Michael M. Steurer,
Bettina Strassmeier, Christoph Trimmel, Vera Wurmsdobler
Mag. Martin Gangl, Mag. Heinrich Giebl, Mag. Werner Gruber, Mag. Peter
F. Hüttner,
Dr. Said Ibrahim, Dipl.-Ing. Olga Jovanovic, Dipl.-Ing. Christian Laschober,
Mag. Hans Günter Löw, Mag. Ivan Lucic, Mag. Peter Pesava, Mag. Hannes Sauerzopf,
Dipl.Phys. Axel Schäfer, Mag. Sonja Seidl, Mag. Lucas Wind, Mag. Paul M. Winkler,
Technical Staff:
Mag.Thomas Wopelka
Mag. Martin Gangl, Mag. Andreas Kästenbauer
Administrative Staff: Andrea Hnizdo
R E S E AR C H
R. Hitzenberger, H. Horvath, G. Reischl,
W.W. Szymanski, P. Wagner
Aerosol Physics
Aerosols are multiphase, dispersed systems consisting of solid and/or liquid particles suspended in air. Particle sizes extend from the single digit nanometer range over more than four orders of magnitude. Aerosol particles are also a highly variable component of the atmosphere. Research in atmospheric aerosols is fueled by the role they play in air pollution, climate, remote sensing, and chemical processes influenced by their presence. The latter has received much attention recently as polar stratospheric clouds are known to serve as centers for heterogeneous chemistry which enhance ozonedestroying catalytic cycles. Aerosols also tend to be very efficient scatterers and absorbers of solar radiation. Recently a lot of attention has been given to bioaerosols. Aerosol physics therefore is an essential link between physics and other areas of science and technology.
Consequently, aerosol physics research has a substantial impact on many applied disciplines such as material and environmental sciences, microelectronics, or biotechnology. All these fields require systematic, fundamental studies of the physics of aerosol systems and a development of new, unique experimental tools. A substantial contribution to those vital questions are research efforts in this area conducted by the Aerosol Physics Group. Currently activities of the Aerosol Physics Group are focused on following issues:

Aerosol science and technology - physical characterization of aerosol systems including nanoparticles and biopolymers, mechanics, dynamics and optical properties of aerosols,

Environmental and health aspects related to airborne particles - air pollution, sampling, characterization and measurement of ambient particulate matter from nanosized aerosols to dust,

Applied aerosol technology - development of aerosol instrumentation, air filtration, utilization of light scattering techniques for real-time aerosol measurement,

Climatology and global issues
– impact of airborne particulate pollutants on optical properties of atmosphere.

Laboratory and field studies of aerosol dynamics and optics are complemented by modeling experiments. Radiative heat transfer and scattering of light in model systems and in atmospheric aerosols are studied. Nucleation and condensation processes in aerosols are a further field of an intensive research. Furthermore, the electrostatic behavior of particles is investigated and utilized to access the field of nano-aerosols with various industrial and biotechnological applications. Most recently studies of airborne macromolecules including viruses created a link to analytical chemistry and nano-biotechnology. Ultimately, probably one of the most important aspects of aerosols is their impact on the climate and the environment, and hence on humans. These effects are also a scope of intensive research together with a development of new measurement methods.
Biological Physics
The oak processionary moth (Thaumetopoea processionea L.) is found in oak forests in most
European countries. It feeds on oak leaves and is a well known pest. In early spring the eggs hatch, and the caterpillars grow. The third to sixth larval instars bear poisonous hairs (setae) as a chemical defense.
They contain an urticating toxin (thaumetopoein).
These urticating hairs break off and are small enough to become airborne and be transported by the wind. On contact with humans the toxin can cause allergic reaction ranging from skin rash to respiratory distress. Dermatitis caused by setae and symptoms of lepidopterism have been reported on surveys in areas of Vienna which are close to parks with oak trees. The broken off setae are transported in the airborne state. In a small elutriator the aerodynamic behaviour of there needles has been studied in the laboratory. The average aerodynamic diameter of this bioaerosol is 18 µm.
This means that particles emitted from a tree at an elevation of 20 meters can be transported distances of the order of 10 km.
M. Drosg
Fast neutron research
In a cooperation with Los Alamos National
Laboratory, going back to the year 1969, neutron and gamma ray data both for basic physics and applied purposes are being measured and evaluated. The data reduction and evaluation is done at the institute. More recently, in a cooperation with the
University of Cape Town neutron experiments for applied purposes are made at the National
Accelerator Centre of South Africa in Faure.
Recent high-lights
Invention of a nuclear method for the identification and possibly the detection of hidden explosives:
This invention is based on the fact that as a rule, at least 1 out of 4 atoms in an explosive is hydrogen. It was shown experimentally that as little as 130 g of
Urea can be measured very easily when covered with 14 cm of sand. So it is likely that mines with only 100g explosive with a cover of up to 30 cm of soil can be detected. This sensitivity is far superior to that of any other nuclear method in use or
proposed. A vehicle based prototype device with a total mass of less than 600 kg is proposed at a cost of less than 1 million $. Using the associated charged particle technique both the weight and the cost could be reduced at least by a factor of ten.
K.W. Kratky, K. E. Kürten
Chaos and Systems Research
The area 'Chaos and Systems Research' deals with complex dynamical systems and considers the following topics: nonlinearity and feedback, selforganization, chaos and noise, fractals and multifractals, iterated function systems, neural nets and cellular automata. These topics are treated in various ways: from a fundamental point of view, studying computer experimental results and interpreting experimental data. Furthermore, the interdisciplinary aspects of complex dynamical systems are considered, connecting physics especially with biology, psychiatry/medicine and ecology. In this context, biophysical theses have been studying the effect of light and sound on biological systems. For instance, the change of heart-rate variability of human beings was investigated, and the fractal dimension of mushroom mycelium was analyzed. In addition to the research, several lectures are offered, e.g., 'Complex Dynamical Systems

from
Physics to Medicine' and 'Brain Modelling

Physical
Models of Memory'.
Complex dynamical systems: inter- and transdisciplinary aspects
With the help of chaos and systems research, bridges to other sciences can be built, in research as well as in teaching. Attention is focused on biology and medicine. Among other things, it is investigated how chaos control is used by organisms to regulate their body functions efficiently.
Furthermore, several therapies in complementary medicine are interpreted from the view-point of chaos and system research.
Neurophysics
The mental processes of the brain are described by physical methods. At the moment the problem of cognitive learning and stammering is in the focus of investigation.
Light therapy under variation of physical parameters
The thesis is about the effect of light of different spectral composition and of different and varying intensity on humans. Central method is the data acquisition of biophysical parameters (e.g. ecg, emg, breath) and their numerical analysis by nonlinear time series and other methods. This may give new insights in relation to traditional medical research on light therapy, which is based on psychiatrical and/or hormonal investigations.
Dynamical phase transitions in scale-free interconnected systems.
Scale-free network topologies have become quite fashionable during the last few years. Many networks expand through the addition of nodes to an already existing network, and those nodes attach preferentially to nodes that are already well

connected. When this is the case, a scale-free network naturally arises. In fact, a scale-free network is a very specific kind of network in which the distribution of connectivity is extremely uneven: some nodes act as "very connected" hubs using a power-law distribution, whereas most of the nodes are rather sparsely connected. Examples are computer networks and the word wide web, which react significantly different from randomly connected networks in the presence of perturbations. If nodes fail randomly, scale-free networks behave even better than random connectivity networks, because random failures are unlikely to harm an important hub. However, if the failure of nodes is not random, scale-free networks can fail catastrophically. We study phase transitions from ordered to chaotic behavior for the famous Kauffmann model for cell differentiation as well as for a special class of artificial neural network models, namely linear threshold networks with asymmetric couplings. One focus of this study is the determining critical parameters, where the network is placed "at the edge of chaos", i.e. at the subtle compromise between stability and flexibility.
Space-time chaos in Hamiltonian lattice models
Numerous condensed-matter systems are effectively discrete by nature because the relevant length scales are of the order of the interparticle distance.
Such systems are described by a Hamiltonian that is discrete in space, while their time evolution is considered as continuous. Their remarkable behavior, exemplified in charge-density waves, magnetic spirals, disordered crystals, adsorbed monolayers, and magnetic multilayers, stems from a competition between two or more forces that leads to locally stable spatially modulated structures. The particles are non-trivially displaced from a reference lattice and spatial disorder is created due to a highly complex energy landscape in configuration space. The number of locally stable configurations typically increases exponentially with the size of the system.
A model system can be envisioned as a chain of N particles connected by harmonic springs, each particle also being subject to an external multi-well potential field. A widely used standard model is the so-called linear chain, consisting of a one-dimensional lattice of N oscillators interacting with nearest
R E F ER E ED PR O J E C T S
R. Hitzenberger
 ÖAD WTZ Projekt "Heterogene Reaktionen von atmosphärischen Aerosolen, Teil 2", SL-A2/0405
H. Horvath

Effect of Typical European Aerosols on Climate.
Acciones integradas, Austria-Spain 2003-2004
K.E.
Kürten

Phase transitions, multistability and fractal structures in arrays of small magnetic particles
( supported by the European Science Foundation
ESF in the framework of the network program
neighbors via a harmonic intersite potential. The energy of the system is given by an N-particle
Hamiltonian comprised of the vibrational kinetic energy, the intersite energy specified by the coupling strength, and the on-site energy specified by an external on-site potential.
Biophysical investigation of energetic metabolic parameters muscle tissue during electrostimulation: papillary- and skeletal muscles as examples
Based on the physical developments during the refereed project “ Continuous fluorescence-optical detection of energetic metabolic parameters of cardiomyocytes during stress induction by electrostimulation”, (University Vienna and Facultas
Verlag), further developments are performed.
Primary specific aim of this project is to investigate biophysical parameters in vital muscular biomolecules under presence of short pulsed magnetic fields. Modulating the chemical and environmental conditions of the buffer solutions as well as coilconformations and current pulse shapes studies are focused on influences of dynamic contraction –forcedevelopment as well as on autofluorescence, oxygen demand, Calcium-fluorescence which represent ionic channel activities under pulsed magnetic stress induction. Force –frequency relations under presence of ionic channel blockers as well as under normoxic and hypoxic conditions are measured.
Influences of spectral components of magnetic pulses on penetration depth and biomechanical transduction efficiency are studied using a novel type organ bath. This instrument allows combining fluorescence excitation, optical detection of muscle tissue as well as simultaneous measurement of muscle-tension. All data are recorded and timestamped within a datastream using LABVIEW-
Software packages and a novel developed software protocol which allows minimizing stochastic signal deviations during acquisition. This application oriented project allows specifying the electrodynamic field-parameters influencing muscle contraction and characterizes a novel kind of musclestimulation from biophysical and biomedical point of view.
"Arrays of Quantum Dots and Josephson
Junctions")
The study of nanometer-sized magnetic thin film structures separated by non-magnetic spacers, as well as the study of small magnetic particles is a rich and rapidly advancing area within condensed matter physics. Moreover, it is one of the hot topics in condensed matter physics. On the one hand, interest comes from the enormous application potential, such as data storage technology as well as numerous sensor applications associated with the giant magnetoresistance effect. On the other hand, nanomagnets provide an experimental system

for studying fundamental phenomena in nanomagnetism and statistical physics. Because of the large number of degrees of freedom and due to competing interactions, these many particle systems display rather rich and interesting collective behaviour not found in bulk crystalline magnets. In particular, spatial disorder is associated with a highly complex energy landscape in configuration space, where the number of locally stable configurations typically increases exponentially with the size of the system.
Provided that the nano-layer thickness is of the order of nanometers and assuming that within each layer all magnetic moments are ferromagnetically aligned but with an orientation differing from layer to layer, each layer can be considered as an elementary magnetic particle. Networks of elementary interacting small magnetic particles, smaller than the bulk domain size, are potential candidates to store and to propagate information. The states are signaled by the magnetization direction of single-domain magnetic particles coupled to their nearest neighbours through magnetostatic interactions. Such a network could consist of a onedimensional chain of circular magnetic dots each about 10 nm thick and of diameter about 100 nm.
They are made from a commonly used magnetic supermalloy on a single-crystal silicon substrate.
The uniaxial anisotropy field is of the order of a few
Oersted. One focus of this study is to understand magnetism on a molecular scale both in the form of thin films and small magnetic particles.
H.G. Löw

Novel Supramolecular complex-formation of high purified hypericin in water soluble Poly-Nvinylamides. Characterization using time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy in context to tumor targetting diagnostic methods (project grant No. 9675, Austrian National Bank, extended to 2004)
The specific aim of this biophysical project is based on the international Austrian patent No. 408.835 and
PCT-Application, invented by H.G.
Löw and
A. Kubin. The purified plant extract and photosensitizer Hypericin, which is practically insoluble in water, is enabled to dissolve by complex-formation under presence of a special biocompatible Poly
–Nvinyl amide, presently used as blood substitute. This highly fluorescent polymer complex shows high affinity to proliferating tissue cells, which was demonstrated by confocal microscopy. To investigate the backgrounds for this specific molecular behaviour time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and dynamic fluorescence anisotropy measurement techniques are applied under various conditions, like PH, temperature, etc. Molecular dynamic simulations under periodic boundary conditions are applied to predict electron density distributions and phase transitions during complex formation using the well established quantum chemical GAUSSIANsoftware. The work on this project opens up new perspectives to early cancer detection in hollow organs, like bladder or esophagus by use of biophysical methods.

Fluorescence diagnosis, mini-FACS on chip
(cooperation-project with Max Perutz Labora-
tories, Vienna Biocenter, Dept. of Theoret.
Chemistry and KH Lainz, Department of
Urology, since December 2004)
Based on the results of the refereed project 9675
(Austrian National Bank, see above), timecorrelated methods for detection of molecular binding properties between biomolecules are applied to develop and construct a miniaturized fluorescence detection device for small liquid samples in context to establish binding assays for medical diagnosis.
The aim of this project is focused to construct an
“easy to use low-cost” fluorescence device for diagnostic physicians, which allows performing prescreening-tests on patients' blood and liquid samples. Incubation the novel developed tumortargetting substance Photovidon (Hypericin-PVP-
Complex derivative) urinary samples of potential bladder-wall cancer patients are investigated using a “mini-FACS” device as well as an ordinary standard fluorescence cell-sorter (FACS). The correlations between both methods are compared and related to the clinical data supplied by the hospital. The novel device is a contribution to early cancer diagnosis methods in biomedicine and may enhance diagnostic performance at low cost levels.
I. Lucic

Biological impacts of electromagnetic fields: An effect of different frequencies on biological systems (project No. 1.57.00128 of the ARC
Seibersdorf Research GmbH).
Purpose of this project is a development of a biological test-system for indication of high frequency electromagnetic fields. Gravity of the year
2003 research are experiments with seedlings, young plants and mushroom mycels, improvement of the monitoring systems for non-linear mycel analysis and extent usage of evolved technical test block for field strength and variable frequencies.
Used evaluation parameter are: chlorophyll fluorescence of overground sprout, dry material weight of shoot separated for root, stem and leaf, fractal dimension and growth of mushroom mycel and biophoton emission.
O. Preining

Austrian Project on Health Effects of Particulates-
AUHEP (Kommission für Reinhaltung der Luft der Österreichischen Akademie der
Wissenschaften)
W. W. Szymanski

Light Scattering in Inhomogeneous Nano- and
Microdroplets (FWF-Project Nr. P15619)
Cooperating: Mag. L. Wind, L. Hofer
Scattering and radiative transfer in turbid media such as aerosols is based on the interaction between the electromagnetic irradiation and aerosol particles, which is mainly determined by microphysical properties of the suspended matter and the wavelength of the irradiation. Until few years ago due to theoretical and computational limitations the assumption of homogeneity of particles was widely accepted, although it was known that most of atmospheric, biological or technical aerosols consist of inhomogeneous particles, such as e.g. droplets with inclusions. In this project we tackle on one hand the impact of non-homogeneity of aerosol

particles on optical properties of single particles. On the other hand we investigate the influence of nanosized inclusions in microdroplets on the light propagation pattern in droplet aerosols. The experimental evidence in this field is incomplete. The results of this project will provide a better understanding and insight into scattering characteristics of turbid media consisting of non-homogeneous aerosol particles and will also contribute to a further development of instrumental efforts for identification and analysis of atmospheric, biotechnological, or industrial aerosols.

Generation and Characterization of Healthrelated Nanoaerosols (Project Nr. OeAD-
16/2002) in collaboration with Prof. L. Gradon and Prof. A. Podgorski, Warsaw University of
Technology, Warsaw
Generation and measurement of the so-called nanoaerosols
– aerosols consisting of particles in the sub-100 nm size range down to single-digit nanometer sizes require special tools regarding their production and methods of measurement. The main goal of this project is a development of an effective method for generation of aerosols from powder structures including the analysis of problems linked with particle resuspension utilizing adhesion-lowering interactions, physico-chemical methods for the decrease of agglomeration and powder stabilization in the dispersed phase. Those research results will have a fundamental and also practical meaning from the point of view of health aspects and medical-technological strategies.

Biopolymers as Nanoaerosols (FWF-Project Nr.
P16185) Cooperating: A.Golczewski, G. Allmaier
(TU Wien), G. Reischl
Biopolymers represent the most abundant organic compounds in the biosphere and constitute the largest fraction of living cells. Nanoaerosols are comparable with macromolecules based on their mass, hence it appears sensible to utilize and further develop nanoaerosol measuring ideas for analysis of large molecules. This appears particularly appealing based on the important fact that aerosol measurement is typically performed under atmospheric pressure which results in a nondestructive measurement of molecular complexes.
In this project we plan to utilize a combination of modernized nanoaerosol techniques: chargereduced nano-electrospray, nano-DMA and single molecule detection. Along with mass spectrometric techniques this will open new access to identification, characterisation and quantification of biopolymers and also the possibility of their reaction monitoring, since the nanoaerosol approach preserves the solution-based stoichiometry. Results will contribute to proteom research and to further development of instrumental methods of substantial interest not only in the domain of physics of nanoparticles and nanoaerosols, but also for analytical chemistry and biosciences with potential applications in the field of biotechnology.

Real-time detection of bioaerosols using a combination of elastic and non-elastic light scattering (WTZ Österreich-Ungarn, Proj. Nr.
A13/2003, in collaboration with A. Czitrovszky,
Hungarian Academy of Science)
In this work we propose study of utilization of light scattering allowing simultaneous measurement of particle size as well as a real-time recognition if a particle in question is an inorganic, or biocompound.
Based on our previous development, we are envisioning light collection system containing four sensors
– three for elastic light scattering and one for inelastic scattering events. This yields a quadruple set of independent scattered light pulses from each single particle. In case of bioparticles the illumination with UV light leads to excitation and consequent fluorescence with a wavelength shift.
Fluorescence enables to detect particular components of complex biomolecular assemblies, including live cells, with high sensitivity and selectivity. The combination of three elastic scattered light signals should result in a monotonic relationship between particle size and scattered light intensity allowing reliable optical particle size determination.
P. E. Wagner
 Nukleation in ternären Dampfgemischen -
Nucleation in ternary vapor mixtures, FWF
(Austrian Science Fund), Proj. Nr. P16958-N02,
Start: December 2003. Collaborators: P.Winkler,
A. Vrtala. Cooperation: Prof. M. Kulmala, University of Helsinki
In connection with the variability of the global climate atmospheric aerosols are of great relevance. So far, however, it is difficult to quantify the influence of aerosols in comparison to greenhouse gases or stratospheric ozone. In this project new particle formation by gas-to-liquid phase transitions in binary and ternary vapor mixtures is studied experimentally. Particular emphasis is placed on investigations of homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation in ternary nitric acid - water - ammonia and sulphuric acid - water - ammonia mixtures. Corresponding numerical models are tested by quantitative laboratory experiments under well defined conditions. The
CAMS method is used for non-invasive absolute measurements of number concentration and growth kinetics of condensing particles. Comparisons to numerical models are performed in cooperation with
Prof. M. Kulmala and his research group at the
University of Helsinki. The results of this project can contribute to an improvement of global climate models, which at present are still not sufficiently accounting for the influence of atmospheric aerosols.

C O O P ER AT I O N S a. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONS
A. Berner
SLOVENIA

National Institute of Chemistry (NIC), Ljubljana
M. Drosg
IAEA

Nuclear Data Section

Physics Section
FRANCE

Centre d'Etudes de Bruyeres-le-Chatel
GERMANY

KfK, Karlsruhe
JAPAN

Japanese Atomic Energy Research Institute,
Tokai-mura
SOUTH AFRICA

University of Cape Town, Rondebosch

National Accelerator Centre, Faure
USA

Los Alamos National Laboratory

NNDC of Brookhaven National Laboratory
R. Hitzenberger
EU

Numerous cooperations within the COST action
633 “Particulate Matter – properties related to health effects”
GERMANY

Petzold (DLR), Microphysics of aircraft exhaust, black carbon measurements
 L. Schütz (University of Mainz), Black carbon measurements, optical properties of Sahara dust aerosols
ITALY
 R. Rizzi (Universität Bologna), Humidity effects on satellite data retrievals
JAPAN
 S. Tohno (Universität Kyoto), Radiative effects of atmospheric aerosols and black carbon
SLOVENIA

I. Grgic and J. Tursic (National Institute of
Chemistry, Ljubljana, since 2001),
Heterogeneous Reactions of Atmospheric
Aerosols under Controlled Experimental
Conditions Typical for Haze
H. Horvath
JAPAN

University of Kyoto: School of energy sciences,
Experimental study of the optional properties of local aerosol and aerosol transported over
>2000 km (Kosa, yellow sand, January-March
2004)
SPAIN

University of Granada, Evaluation of data of the
VELETA 2002 and INDALO 2003 campaign,
Participating: Lucas Alados, Francisco Jose
Olmo Reyes, Antonio Alcantra, U. Granada,
M.Gangl, L. Fenk, B. Jost.

University of Valladolid, Light absorption measurements
K.W. Kratky
CANADA

International Institute for Advanced Studies in
Systems Research and Cybernetics, Windsor,
Ontario, Canada (G.E. Lasker)
K.E.
Kürten
FRANCE
 Institut Girard Desargues, Université Claude
Bernard Lyon-I, France (C. Krattenthaler)
GERMANY
 Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Köln,
Germany (L. Ristig)
UK

School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences,
Loughborough University, Loughborough,
England (F.V. Kusmartsev)
USA

Department of Physics; Washington University,
St. Louis, USA (J.W. Clark)
H.G.
Löw
GERMANY

LMU-
Klinikum München, Laserforschungslaboratorium Großhadern, Germany (C. Betz,
R. Baumgartner et.al.)
RUSSIA

Rostov state university, Biophysics department,
Rostov-on-Don (A. Uzdensky)
NORWAY

Institute for Cancer Research, Montebello, Oslo
(J. Moan)
USA

Wellman Laboratories for Photomedicine,
Harvard medical school (M. Hamblin et. al.)
I. Lucic :
GERMANY

Siegen University, department of art and music pedagogic, Siegen (H. Kapteina, Chang-
Lin Zhang)
ISRAEL

Bar Ilan University, department of physics;
Ramat-Gan (A. Vishne, S. Havlin)
JAPAN

Tokai University, school of high-technology for human welfare, Numazu, Shizuoka (S. Matsura).
G. Reischl
FINLAND

Department of Physics, University of Helsinki,
M. Kulmala, A. Laaksonen, T. Vesala, A. Vrtala
GERMANY

University Karlruhe, G. Kasper

W. W. Szymanski
HUNGARY

Dr. Aladar Czitrovszky, Institute of Solid State
Physics and Optics, Hungarian Academy of
Sciences, Budapest
POLAND

Prof. Leon Gradon, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw

Dr. Albert Podgorski, Warsaw University of
Technology, Warsaw
THAILAND

Prof. Dr. Sirikalaya Suvachittanont, Kasetsart
University, Bangkok
USA

Prof. Dr. David Y.H. Pui, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

Prof. Dr. Da-Ren Chen, Washington University,
St.Louis
P. E. Wagner
FINLAND

Department of Physics, University of Helsinki,
M. Kulmala, T. Vesala, A. Vrtala, P.M. Winkler

Department of Applied Physics, University of
Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland, A. Laaksonen, K.E.J.
Lehtinen
GERMANY
 Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität zu
Köln, R. Strey
JAPAN

Department of Chemical Engineering and
Materials Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto,
M. Itoh b. NATIONAL COOPERATIONS
M. Drosg
 Institut für Isotopenforschung und Kernphysik,
University of Vienna
W. Gruber

Wiener Volkshochschulen, program 'University meets public'
PUBLICATIONS a. PUBLICATIONS
1. F. D. Brooks, M. Drosg , A. Buffler, M. S. Allie,
“Detection of anti-personnel landmines by neutron scattering and attenuation”, Appl. Rad.
Isot. 61, 27 (2004).
Four methods for employing neutrons to detect abandoned small anti-personnel landmines are presented and discussed. The techniques used are based on measurements of effects due to the scattering of neutrons on the hydrogen content of the landmine. http://www.ap.univie.ac.at/users/drosg/backscatt.htm
R. Hitzenberger

H. Puxbaum, TU Wien

A. Kasper-Giebl, TU Wien
K.W. Kratky

Un iversitätsklinik für Psychiatrie der Universität
Wien (S. Kasper)
 Atominstitut der Österreichischen Universitäten,
Wien (H. Klima)
 Forschungsstelle für niederenergetische Bio-
Information in Graz (P.C. Endler)
 Universitätsklinik für Neuropsychiatrie des
Kindes- und Jugendalters der Universität Wien
(K. Toifl).
H.G. Löw
 Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Molekulare
Strukturbiologie der Universität Wien (G. Grabner, G.
Köhler, E. Gaubitzer, M. Edetsberger)
 Institut für Physiologie der Universität Wien
(D. Schmid, Ch. Plass, P.G. Spieckermann)
 Institut für Medizinische Chemie der Universität
Wien (P. Chiba, H. Goldenberg)

GZW Lainz, (H. Loew-Weiser, R.Werni)
 Institut f. Toxikologie der Universität Wien
(Ch. Studenik)
I. Lucic

ARC Seibersdorf Research GmbH; environmental department; (G. Soja)
 Universität Wien; Institut für allgemeine
Psychologie, Sozialpsychologie und Methodenlehre der Universität Wien (E. Vanecek)
G. Reischl
 Technische Universtität Wien, Institut für
Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Kraftfahrzeugbau, B. Geringer
A. Schäfer

Fa. ProQuant Systeme, Graz (F. Senekowitsch,
F. Tschinder)
W. W. Szymanski
 Prof. Dr. Günter Allmaier, Technical University
Vienna, Institute of Chemical Technologies and
Analysis
2. Muller K, Spindler G, Maenhaut W, Hitzenberger R , Wieprecht W, Baltensperger U, ten
Brink H, INTERCOMP2000, a campaign to assess the comparability of methods in use in
Europe for measuring aerosol composition,
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 38 (38):
6459-6466 DEC 2004.
In the period 4-14 April 2000, the comparability of methods in use in Europe for measuring aerosol composition was tested. The intercomparison was organised in the framework of the Eureka-
EUROTRAC-II subproject AEROSOL and took place at the IfT research station near Melpitz. The origin of the aerosol was highly variable, ranging

from very "clean marine" (with PM10 = 7.6
 gm -3 ) to quite polluted continental (PM10 = 32.4
 gm -3 ), respectively. The focus of the intercomparison was the collection and analysis of those aerosol components for which artefacts occur in sampling and/or analysis, e.g., nitrate and carbon. It was the first field campaign for testing the comparability of the methods in use for measuring aerosol-carbon in
Europe. Nineteen collectors were used for its sampling. The average concentration of total carbon
(TC) was 2.9
 gm -3 with an overall relative standard deviation of 15%. The concentrations derived from sampling with cascade impactors were on average
77 (+/-10)% of those obtained with the filters. For elemental carbon (EC), differences of more than a factor of three between methods were observed at a low concentration level. The various optical methods for black carbon (BC) showed good comparability.
The concentrations of organic carbon (OC) differed by up to a factor of 2.3. The comparability of nitrate was better than that of carbon, with a random difference between samplers with a mean standard deviation of 0.3
 gm -3 day -1 , independent of the concentration. The average PM10 nitrate level was
3.6
 gm -3 . The same variability of 0.3
 gm -3 was applied for ammonium, which corresponds to a higher relative difference because of the lower absolute values (average ammonium level 2.1
 gm -3 ). The mass of the individual aerosol components should add up to that of the directly measured mass. This mass closure, within the error limits of such an exercise, was indeed observed.
Carbon-containing compounds (35%), ammonium nitrate (35%) and ammonium sulphate (25%) were the dominant species in PM2.5.
3. Hitzenberger R, Berner A, Galambos Z ,
Maenhaut W, Cafmeyer J, Schwarz J, Muller K,
Spindler G, Wieprecht W, Acker K, Hillamo R,
Makela T, Intercomparison of methods to measure the mass concentration of the atmospheric aerosol during INTERCOMP2000 - influence of instrumentation and size cuts,
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 38 (38):
6467-6476 DEC 2004.
Within the EUROTRAC-2 subproject AEROSOL, the intensive field campaign INTERCOMP2000 was conducted to compare aerosol samplers and methods to measure various aerosol properties.
Here a comparison of mass concentrations measured with different PM2.5 and PM10 samplers as well as cascade impactors is described. Different filter types were used. In general, the PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentrations obtained on filters agree well.
The data agree within 18.1 % (PM2.5, all data). If data obtained with the TEOM (18% low) and on
Whatman QM-A quartz fibre filters (low face velocity, 38% high) are excluded, PM2.5 data agree within 8.1%. For PN10, the agreement is within
6.6% (again excluding the Whatman QM-A quartz fibre filters, 22% high) or 12.1% (all data). For the impactor samples, the data agreed within 6.3%
(excluding the ELPI, which was 92% high) and 8.7% for PM2.5 and PM10.
4. Wieprecht W, Acker K, Muller K, Spindler G,
Bruggemann E, Maenhaut W, Chi XG,
Hitzenberger R , Bauer H, ten Brink H,
INTERCOMP2000: ionic constitution and comparison of filter and impactor, ATMO-
SPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 38 (38): 6477-6486
DEC 2004.
The field campaign INTERCOMP2000 was organised within the EUROTRAC-2 subproject
AEROSOL for characterisation of aerosol at a rural site. The groups involved used a wide range of measurement methods for aerosol particles.
Although the focus was on critical aerosol properties like mass, nitrate and carbon, in this paper particular attention is given to the role of inorganic soluble material being main part of the cloud condensation nuclei. Here, we compare methods used in Europe also for inorganic ion mass concentrations: three high-volume samplers (2 Digitel and 1 Sierra
Andersen, equipped with quartz fibre filters), four low-volume samplers (1 Rupprecht Patashnik with
Teflon filter; 3 stacked filter units with Teflon, cellulose ester or Whatman 41 filter), and 2 lowpressure impactors (Berner type with Tedlar foils).
Ten parallel 24h samples were compared. The data for the main ions nitrate, sulphate and ammonium agree well for the PM10 as well for PM2.5 aerosol fraction; relative standard deviation of about 20-40% were found. The single values for calcium, sodium and chloride which contribute only minor to the soluble inorganic mass scatter very strongly around the calculated averages: about 50% in PM10 mode, and even 100% in PM2.5 mode. While laboratory calibrations typically indicate performance close to design specifications, methods during field operation are subject to a number of sampling and handling artefacts. We know that the different sampling principles used in this study, and the analytical procedures done by each group with their own methodology will cause a main part of the observed uncertainties. In reality, due to different reasons (availability, costs, manpower, different analysis from the same sample, size and time resolution, etc) in many networks and field studies a high variability of methods for aerosol characterisation is used and often those experimental figures will be used for statistical interpretations.
Thus, our paper will emphasise that harmonisation among different PM measurements is the "order of the day".
5. Schaap M, Spindler G, Schulz M, Acker K,
Maenhaut W, Berner A , Wieprecht W, Streit N,
Muller K, Bruggemann E, Chi X, Putaud JP,
Hitzenberger R , Puxbaum H, Baltensperger U, ten Brink H, Artefacts in the sampling of nitrate studied in the "INTERCOMP" campaigns of
EUROTRAC-AEROSOL, ATMOSPHERIC EN-
VIRONMENT 38 (38): 6487-6496 DEC 2004.
Sampling of aerosol-nitrate can be problematic because of evaporative loss of the semi-volatile ammonium nitrate or adsorption of nitric acid gas.
Such artefacts, which depend on filter type and ambient conditions, are not well documented for the filters in use in Europe and this was the reason to study these in a series of intercomparison trials. The trials were performed within the "INTERCOMP" programme of the AEROSOL subproject of
EUROTRAC-2. The major effort was a 2-week field campaign at the rural site of Melpitz, a village near
Leipzig in eastern Germany (INTERCOMP2000).
Samplers were used containing the most common

filter types in use in Europe, i.e. quartz, Teflon,
(mixed) cellulose ester and cellulose. The concentration of nitrate in PM2.5, mainly present as ammonium nitrate, was on average 3.3
 gm -3 . The variability in the concentrations stemming from the samplers appeared to be rather constant: +/- 0.5
 gm -3 from the average of all samplers. The reason for the constant (but random) variability remains unexplained. Thus, the concentrations stemming from the samplers agreed very well at the average level with relative differences of 15% and less for higher concentrations. This is evidence that the influence of the mentioned artefacts was negligible.
The absence is explained by extrapolation of results of tests on the artefacts in a laboratory setting
(INTERCOMP99). It was found there that the loss of ammonium nitrate from Teflon and quartz filters is only substantial when temperatures are much higher than those during the field campaign.
Cellulose and cellulose-acetate filters quantitatively collected both ammonium nitrate and nitric acid in the laboratory study, but in Melpitz measured nitric acid concentrations were too low to identify its adsorption. Possible artefacts due to adsorption of nitrous acid were negligible. We also used the laboratory information to evaluate the results of a further intercomparison (INTERCOMP98) in the Po-
Valley, performed at much higher temperatures than at Melpitz. We found evidence of adsorption of nitric acid by cellulose filters and evaporational loss of aerosol-nitrate from quartz filters. For the conditions encountered during the campaign we parameterised the evaporational loss in a general way as a function of temperature, as follows. There is complete evaporation at temperatures exceeding 25 degrees C and full retention at temperatures less than 20 degrees C. At temperatures between 20 and 25 degrees C the retention is on average 50%, but with high variability. A main conclusion from this study is that under central European conditions quartz is a suitable filter material for sampling nitrate as long as the temperature does not exceed 20 degrees C during sampling. Cellulose-type filters quantitatively collect aerosol nitrate and nitric acid, but negligible amounts of nitrous acid. Teflon filters were more vulnerable for evaporation losses than quartz. Indications for losses from Teflon below 10 degrees C (at Melpitz) were not obtained.
6. ten Brink H, Maenhaut W, Hitzenberger R ,
Gnauk T, Spindler G, Even A, Chi XG, Bauer H,
Puxbaum H, Putaud JP, Tursic J, Berner A ,
INTERCOMP2000: the comparability of methods in use in Europe for measuring the carbon content of aerosol, ATMOSPHERIC
ENVIRONMENT 38 (38):6507-6519 DEC 2004.
We tested the comparability of methods, in use in
Europe, for measuring the concentration of aerosolcarbon. The study was performed in the framework of INTERCOMP2000, a field campaign organised in the first two weeks of April 2000 in the vicinity of the village of Melpitz, 45 km NE of Leipzig, Germany.
Sampling of the aerosol took place with 19 samplers. Total carbon (TC) was measured with eleven methods and the mean concentration found for PM 10 was close 3 to 3
 gm -3 , of which 90% was in the PM2.5 fraction. Carbon and associated compounds constituted approximately 25% of the
total aerosol mass in this fine fraction. Starting point of the evaluation of the data were the concentrations stemming from two identical PM2.5 highvolume samplers, of which the samples were analysed by four institutes. The daily values of TC were highly correlated and the (random) differences were of an absolute nature, with an overall standard deviation (SD) of 0.22 ( +/-0.12) mugm(-3). This value for the SD is only twice that in the data of the individual institutes for a similar number of samples.
In the series of four PM10 filter-samplers, the highest concentration was obtained with the sampler that collected the lowest amount per unit of surface area. This difference is indicative of an artefact caused by adsorption of gaseous carbon containing compounds. Evidence for such an adsorption artefact was provided by the presence of carbon in back-up filters, in amounts up to 20% of those of front filters. Adsorption can also be (part of) the explanation for a difference of 30% observed between concentrations obtained with filters and cascade impactors as samplers, because the latter collectors do not suffer from an adsorption artefact.
Samples were also analysed for elemental carbon
(EC). While differences of more than a factor of three between methods were observed, the correlation of the daily EC-concentrations over the period was high, better than 0.9 (R-2). Two institutes analysed samples from filters and cascade impactors in the same way. Both observed that the
EC-values from the filters were a factor of 1.4 higher than those from the impactors. Three methods were used to determine black carbon (BC) by optical means. Differences between the methods were large, but apparently of a systematic nature, because the correlation of the daily BC-values was very good. The correlation of daily BC and EC concentrations was also high.
7. Nyeki S, Gysel M, Weingartner E, Baltensperger U, Hitzenberger R , Petzold A, Wilson
CW, Properties of jet engine combustion particles during the PartEmis experiment:
Particle size spectra (d > 15 nm) and volatility,
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 31
(18): Art. No. L18105 SEP 18 2004.
Size distributions (d>15 nm) and volatile properties of combustion particles were measured during testrig experiments on a jet engine, consisting of a combustor and three simulated turbine stages
(HES). The combustor was operated to simulate legacy (inlet temperature 300 degrees C) and contemporary (500 degrees C) cruise conditions, using kerosene with three different fuel sulfur contents (FSC; 50, 400 and 1300
 g g -1 ).
Measurements found that contemporary cruise conditions resulted in lower number emission indices (EIN15) and higher geometric mean particle diameter (d(G)) than for legacy conditions.
Increasing FSC resulted in an overall increase in
EIN15 and decrease in d(G). The HES stages or fuel additive (APA101) had little influence on EIN15 or d(G), however, this is uncertain due to the measurement variability. EIN15 for non-volatile particles was largely independent of all examined conditions.

8. Berner A, Galambos Z, Ctyroky P , Fruhauf P,
Hitzenberger R , Gomiscek B, Hauck H,
Preining O , Puxbaum H, On the correlation of atmospheric aerosol components of mass size distributions in the larger region of a central
European city, ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRON-
MENT 38 (24): 3959-3970 AUG 2004.
Mass size distributions of atmospheric aerosols have been sampled in the region of Vienna, a typical city in central Europe, at an urban and a rural site. The aerosol was collected simultaneously by cascade impactors. Two experiments which had a duration of 4 weeks each, were performed in August
1999 and in January/February 2000. Daily sampling periods were from 8:00 to 20:00, and from 20:00 to
8:00. In evaluation of the mass size distributions is represented in this paper. Emphasis is on the relationships of different aerosol components in a local and a regional context. The main results are as follows. The main components of the atmospheric aerosol are a fine aerosol, the accumulation aerosol, and a coarse aerosol. Specific coarse modes with modal diameters of 4.7 mum average and geometric standard deviations of about 3 occur at the urban and at the rural site, some times surprisingly strong. The fine and the coarse modes are very likely related to motor-car traffic. Usually the PM2.5 and PM10 aerosols are regionally strongly correlated. Occasionally, this correlation is effectively disturbed by local and/or regional emissions. Time series of correlation coefficients reveal an episodic character of the atmospheric aerosol. Periods of strong inter-site correlations of
PM2.5 and PM10 indicate the dominance and the co-variation of the accumulation aerosols or the dominance and the co-variation of the coarse modes.
9. M. Kocifaj
, J. Klačka, Dynamical behaviour of interstellar dust particles in the Solar System, J.
Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer., 89, 165-
177, 2004.
Motion and possible capture of interstellar dust particles (ISDPs) in the Solar System are investigated. Gravitational force of the Sun, solar electromagnetic and corpuscular radiation and interplanetary magnetic field are considered. The effect of solar electromagnetic radiation plays an important role in the sense that non-spherical ISDPs can be captured (and survive) much more effectively than spherical particles. It turns out that particles of effective radii
≈ 0.4  m, moving initially near the solar equatorial plane and with impact parameter
400 R
S
≤ b ≤ 500 R
S
(solar radii) exhibit a high probability of capture and survival in the Solar
System. Only a very small number of spherical particles can be captured. Survived non-spherical
ISDPs orbiting around the Sun are characterized by a quantity analogous to the Kepler's third law:
(r 3 )/T 2 , where T is orbital period and (r 3 ) is time average of cubed solar distance over the period T.
The value of the quantity (r 3 )/T 2 is 0.673 ± 0.002
[AU 3 /year 2 ].
10. M. Kocifaj , Interstellar dust extinction problem: benchmark of (semi)analytic approaches and regularization method, Contrib. Astron. Obs.
Skalnaté Pleso, 34, 2004, 141-156.
Interstellar extinction curves have a typical so-called bump at a constant wavelength of about 220 nm.
This indicates that cosmic dust particles distributed in space must be quite small in comparison with the wavelengths of visible radiation. The well-known Mie theory, or its approximations, are usually employed to simulate an interaction of electromagnetic radiation with such particles. However, the conventional Mie theory is applicable only for spherical and homogeneous particles, and, as known, the spherical geometry is very rare in space. Utilization of any approximation in solving the inverse problem for interstellar extinction may therefore lead to questionable results. To evaluate possible differences between retrieved size distributions, we performed a benchmark of three various techniques.
The first one is based on the anomalous diffraction approximation and offers a semi-analytical solution.
The profile of an extinction curve is scalable: a simple parametrization uses the modified gamma function as a substitute for the real distribution. The second approach extends the first one, but the distribution function is not expressed in an analytical form. The final profile of size distribution is computed using Mellin's transform of kernel of the integral equation. The third solution follows the modified
Tikhonov's regularization and can be applied to both spherical and non-spherical particles. There is no requirement placed on a distribution function. It is shown that direct consequences of the above discussed approximations are: i) underestimation of the amount of large particles, ii) a reduced value of the modal radius of the retrieved size distribution, and iii) quite narrow distribution functions.
11. M. Kocifaj, H. Horvath , Attenuation of optical signals in the atmosphere: An analytic approach, In: Applied Electronics 2004, Ed.
J. Pinker, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen,
September, 2004, 80-7043-274-8, 109-112.
The attenuation of UV-visible-near IR radiation in the turbid atmosphere is analysed. Out of absorption bands the atmospheric optical thickness is a product of both, aerosol and molecular extinction. We expressed the total optical thickness in an analytical form, which is suitable for fast numerical simulations of optical signal transmission through the atmospheric environment. Modified gamma function with free parameters is employed to fit a real aerosol size distribution. It enables to formulate parametric solution for atmospheric extinction, which is adaptable for various polydisperse aerosol systems. Such scalability is highly wanted for common optical models of the atmosphere for remote sensing applications or for designing the free-space communication systems.
12. M. Kocifaj, H. Horvath , Phase function of nonspherical dust-like particles, In: Transport of
Water, Chemicals and Energy in the System
Soil-Crop Canopy-Atmosphere, Eds.
K. Kosorin, V. Novák, V. Štekauerová, J. Šútor,
Inst. of Hydrology SAS, Bratislava, 25 Nov.
2004, ISBN 80-89139-05-1, 177-187.
The scattering patterns for weakly and strongly absorbing aerosols are compared. Both mentioned particle ensembles have the same size and shape distributions. Montmorillonite is assumed as representative for dry dust, while absorbing media are

fit by typical urban or rural aerosols. Although these aerosols differ in chemical composition, their real part of refractive index is the same in visible spectrum. This is an important fact to make comparisons meaningful. It is shown, that both systems are recognizable from their scattering features. In addition, the morphology has also a measurable impact on final profile of the phase function even if aspect ratio of the non-spherical particles is less than 2. All these effects of nonsphericity may have very serious implications for remote-sensing studies of small particles. The scattering patterns for weakly and strongly absorbing aerosols are compared. Both mentioned particle ensembles have the same size and shape distributions. Montmorillonite is assumed as representative for dry dust, while absorbing media are fit by typical urban or rural aerosols. Although these aerosols differ in chemical composition, their real part of refractive index is the same in visible spectrum. This is an important fact to make comparisons meaningful. It is shown, that both systems are recognizable from their scattering features. In addition, the morphology has also a measurable impact on final profile of the phase function even if aspect ratio of the non-spherical particles is less than 2. All these effects of nonsphericity may have very serious implications for remote-sensing studies of small particles.
13. M. Kocifaj, H. Horvath , Inversion of extinction data for irregularly shaped particles, Atmosph.
Environ., 39, 2005, 1481-1495.
The retrieval of extinction data in the highly urbanized region of Bratislava city is analyzed for both, strictly non-spherical particles and volume equivalent particles. Two most typical situations are discussed in more details: the summer time dusty atmosphere consisting of strongly scattering particles with refractive index about 1.59, and winter time atmosphere with usual occurrence of ice-phase aerosols. The attention is paid to more frequent continental polar air mass, with 54% occurrence probability in the Bratislava region. The root-meansquare error of measured optical data varies from
4% up to 8%. When processing extinction data it is shown that there are no significant differences between modal radii computed under assumption of randomly oriented irregularly shaped particles and for Mie equivalents. However, the differences can occur in case on non-randomly oriented particles.
The modal radius of equally oriented particles in the ice cloud can be about two times larger than a modal radius of the system volume of volume identical spheres. Particle irregularity and the roughness of its surface eliminate the interference structure and ripple typical for monodisperse scattering patterns. As a consequence the subsidiary mode within size distribution function disappears. Such a mode usually occurs with Mie particles. Assuming spherical particles for the computation yields a narrower size distribution compared to assuming irregularly shaped particles.
14. M. Heim, G. Kasper, G. P. Reischl and
C. Gerhart, Performance of a new commercial electrical mobility spectrometer, Aerosol
Science and Technology 38 (S2), 3-14, 2004.
A commercial electrical mobility spectrometer
(Grimm 5.4-900 DMA and Grimm 5.403 CPC) was examined with respect to size, concentration and time-dependent responses of the CPC, the transfer function of the DMA, as well as the performance of the data inversion algorithm. For comparison with previously published results, the responses were also measured for two other commercial CPCs (TSI
Model 3010 and TSI Model 3022). All measurements were performed using sodium chloride aerosol produced by an atomizer, except for size-dependent counting efficiency measurements, where an evaporation and condensation method was used to produce particles down to a size of 2 nm. The concentration-dependent CPC counting efficiency was measured against a reference instrument working in the single particle count mode following dilution. The CPC time response was evaluated for monodisperse aerosol by measuring the step response using a solenoid valve technique. The transfer function of the Grimm
DMA 5.4-900 was determined between 10 and 100 nm with two verified identical DMAs in series following the approach of Fissan et al. Measured tandem-DMA responses were compared to simulated responses based on the diffusion-broadened transfer function of Stolzenburg to define the factors influencing resolution. Finally the data inversion algorithm was tested by comparison with other devices.
15. P.M. Winkler, A. Vrtala and P.E. Wagner , The role of nanoparticles in heterogeneous nucleation of binary water-ammonia vapour mixtures, in Nanostructured Materials and their
Applications, W.W. Szymanski, P.E. Wagner,
M. Itoh, T. Ohachi (eds.), Facultas Universitätsverlag, Wien (2004).
In this contribution we describe a measurement system for investigation of heterogeneous nucleation in unary and in binary vapours. We report the results of measuring series on heterogeneous nucleation of binary water – ammonia vapour mixtures on sodium chloride particles with a diameter of 8 nm as condensation nuclei. Onset activities, i.e. the vapour phase activities, at which half of the particles are activated, have been experimentally determined. In case of pure water the vapour onset activity was found to be 1.046.
However, with ammonia mass fractions increasing beyond 10 -5 we observed a decreasing water vapour onset activity. Atmospheric ammonia concentrations are typically somewhat smaller, however, considering additional trace compounds like sulfuric acid, such ternary systems are very likely to have a significant influence on atmospheric droplet formation. Universitätsverlag, Wien (2004).
16. L. Wind, L. Hofer , A. Nagy, P. Winkler,
A. Vrtala, W.W. Szymanski , Light scattering from droplets with inclusions and the impact on optical measurement of aerosols, J. Aerosol
Sci., 35, 1173-1188, (2004).
We investigate the light scattering characteristics of water droplet aerosols containing defined inclusions.
The inclusions are either di-2-ethyl-hexyl-sebacate
(DEHS) droplets or carbon-like particles located within an outer shell of water. For modeling the Mie theory of light scattering adapted to scattering from

layered spherical particles has been applied assuming that the inclusion is placed centrally in the outer droplet. Experimental evidence obtained with inclusions having modal diameters in the range from
100 to 800 nm imbedded in water droplets is compared with modeled results. The presented data suggest evidently that the negligence of inclusions in droplets, especially of those with absorbing properties might affect a number of crucial issues such as quantification of the impact of atmospheric aerosols on radiative transfer in atmosphere, modeling of light propagation in aerosols, calibration of instruments based on the interaction of light with particles, or optical aerosol measurement.
17. P. Davidovits, D.R. Worsnop, J.T. Jayne,
C.E. Kolb, P. Winkler, A. Vrtala, P.E. Wagner ,
M. Kulmala, K.E.J. Lehtinen, T. Vesala and
M. Mozurkewitch, Mass accommodation coefficient of water vapor on liquid water,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 31(22), L22111 (2004).
Clouds play a critical role in both the Earth’s radiation budget and hydrologic cycle. The activation of aerosol particles and subsequent growth of these particles into cloud droplets are often controlled by the transfer of water vapor molecules into liquid droplets. Two parameters that fundamentally influence the interaction of water vapor or any other gaseous molecule with a liquid surface are: the mass accommodation (or condensation) coefficient; and the thermal accommodation coefficient. The mass accommodation coefficient is the probability that a gaseous molecule striking a liquid surface enters into the bulk liquid phase. The thermal accommodation coefficient is the fraction of collisions that result in the energy of the impinging gas molecule equilibrating with the mean energy of the liquid surface molecules. Here we discuss mass accommodation coefficient data for water vapor obtained using two unique experimental methods: the droplet train/fast flow reactor and the expansion cloud chamber system.
Both methods show that mass accommodation coefficient for atmospherically relevant temperatures is always greater than 0.1; the latter method yields values very near 1.0. By ruling out earlier experimental data indicating that the mass accommodation coefficient was significantly below 0.1 these studies insure that for lower atmospheric clouds the growth of cloud droplets will be controlled by the rate of water vapor transport to the droplets’ surface without any significant limitation due to accommodation probabilities.
18. A. Laaksonen, T. Vesala, M. Kulmala,
P.M. Winkler and P.E. Wagner , On cloud modelling and the mass accommodation coefficient of water, Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Discuss., 4, 7281-7290 (2004).
The mass accommodation coefficient of water is a quantity for which different experimental techniques have yielded conflicting values in the range 0.04 - 1.
From the viewpoint of cloud modelling, this is an unfortunate situation, since the value of the mass accommodation coefficient affects the model results, e.g. the number concentration of activated cloud droplets. In this paper we argue that a mass accommodation coefficient of unity should be used in cloud modelling, since this value has been
obtained in experimental studies of water droplet growth rates, a quantity which is explicitly described in cloud models, while lower values have been obtained using experimental techniques which are analyzed with different theoretical expressions than those included in cloud models.
19. P.M. Winkler, A. Vrtala, P.E. Wagner ,
M. Kulmala, K.E.J. Lehtinen and T. Vesala, An
Experimental Study on Thermal and Mass
Accommodation Coefficients for the Condensation of Water Vapour, in Nucleation and
Atmospheric Aerosols 2004, M. Kasahara and
M. Kulmala (eds.), Kyoto University Press
(2004).
20. K.W. Kratky, Homöopathie und Wasserstruktur: ein physikalisches Modell (Homeopathy and Structure of Water: A Physical Model).
Forschende Komplementärmedizin und Klassische Naturheilkunde (Research in Complementary and Classical Natural Medicine) 11
(2004) 24-32.
Background: Formerly, the author has suggested a relatively simple water model. There, the dynamical structure of a typical water cluster was investigated, being represented by the movement of a ball in an abstract energy landscape. Objective: Now the above-mentioned model is investigated in more detail to answer the following question: Are essential claims of homeopathy concerning potentiation
(diluting and shaking) in agreement with science?
Methods: Equations of motion are employed that represent vibrations of clusters. For the computer experiments, the formalism of Nosé-Hoover is used, the surrounding water being interpreted as a heat bath. Diluting corresponds to a shift of the energy landscape towards the pure solvent (water), shaking is accompanied by an increase of the contact to the heat bath. Results: There is a tendency of the ball to be caught in local valleys of the energy landscape
(metastable states) if the temperature is not too high and if the liquid is not shaken. Thus, even for a given landscape there are a variety of structures being durable for some time. Conclusions: The computer experiments suggest that the repeated process of potentiation eventually results in a specific metastable state of the pure solvent. The initial substance helps to obtain this goal, but is no longer necessary at last.
21. K.W. Kratky ,
Weltbilder komplementärmedizinischer Richtungen. In: M. Frass, M. Maier und
A. Reiter (Hrsg.), Grundlagen und Praxis komplementärmedizinischer Methoden. Facultas,
Wien 2004 (S.32-38).
Medizinische Richtungen unterscheiden sich in
Denken, Sprechweise und Weltbildern. Steht die kranke Person oder die Krankheit im Vordergrund, geht es um das Erfassen der Symptome oder das
Auffinden der eigentlichen Krankheitsursache?
Einige solcher Fragen werden aufgelistet und exemplarisch behandelt. In der Vertiefung geht es dann um die Grundlagen von Weltbildern und wissenschaftlichen Ansätzen, was uns zu drei Arten von Denkwei sen führt. Unter Zuhilfenahme der hawaiianischen Tradition wird dieser Ansatz auf vier
Blickwinkel erweitert, unter denen wir die Welt betrachten können: den systematischen, syste-

mischen, symbolischen und symbiotischen Blickwinkel.
In ihnen spiegeln sich vier unterschiedliche
Weltbilder. In unserem westlichen Kulturkreis ist vor allem der logisch / systematische Blickwinkel üblich, aber auch der kybernetisch / systemische und der konstruktivistisch / symbolische sind anzutreffen. Der holistisch / symbiotische Blickwinkel ist hingegen eher dem spirituellen Bereich bzw. traditionellen
Gesellschaften zuzuordnen.
22. I. Lucic and K.W. Kratky , Fractal dimension as a tool for detection of morphological changes caused by impact of mechanical waves on mushroom mycelium. Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde (Austrian
Journal of Mycology) 13 (2004) 101-107.
The Influence of low-power mechanical and acoustic waves produced by a tuning fork on the mushroom mycelium is studied. In the past decade the morphology of mycelium colonies was used as parameter for detection of complexity changes that were caused by the variation of environmental factors. In this research we compare the colony morphology of treated vs. non-treated mycelium cultures of Psilocybe cubensis (EARLE) SINGER on the basis of their complexity feature – fractal dimension. The colony treatment takes place through one tuning fork whose frequency has natural origin. Significant complexity changes were revealed. Possible explanations by the mechanical and resonance model are discussed.
23. K.W. Kratky , Die (Un-
)Regelmäßigkeit körpereigener Rhythmen. In: G. Tucek (Hrsg.), Musik und Medizin. Beiträge zur Musik- und
Therapieforschung 1995-
2004. Akademie für
Ganzheitsmedizin, Wien 2004.
Im menschlichen Organismus gibt es sehr viele verschiedene Rhythmen, die miteinander vernetzt sind und auch von der Umgebung bzw. der Umwelt beeinflußt werden. Man denke nur an den Schlaf-
Wach-Rhythmus, der durch die Einwirkung der
Sonne auf 24 Stunden eingestimmt wird. Die
Rhythmen gehen hinunter bis zu Bruchteilen von
Sekunden, den typischen Frequenzen unserer
Gehirnwellen, die mit dem EEG erfaßt werden. Was in der Folge speziell betrachtet werden wird, ist der
Herzrhythmus (EKG-Messungen). Es stellt sich dabei die Frage, wann das Herz gesund ist. Wird es durch einen regelmäßigen oder einen unregelmäßigen Herzschlag charakterisiert? Zunächst könnte man meinen: Je regelmäßiger, desto besser.
Es zeigt sich allerdings, daß man mit einem zu regelmäßig schlagenden Herzen nicht überleben könnte. Zu diesem Thema kann die Chaosforschung einiges anbieten. In der Folge möchte ich auch einen Zusammenhang mit musikalischen
Rhythmen herstellen. Der Takt wird z.B. beim
Trommeln nicht ganz regelmäßig angeschlagen, das würde auch nicht sehr lebendig klingen.
Vermutlich gibt es zwischen den leicht unregelmäßigen Rhythmen der Musik und den körpereigenen Rhythmen einen tieferen Zusammenhang.
24. W. Gruber , Falten und Fliegen – Papierflieger und ihre Physik. Physik in unserer Zeit 5
(2004) 234-240.
Ein Blatt Papier, ein paar Faltungen, ein perfekter
Wurf, und man kann sich am ästhetischen Gleitflug
eines Papierfliegers freuen. Für einen gelungenen
Flug bedarf es jedoch einiger Tricks aus der Physik.
25. K.E.
Kürten
, C. Krattenthaler, Multistability and
Fractal Properties of Hamiltonian Lattice Models. In: E. Suraud (Ed.), Condensed Matter
Theories, Vol. 19. Nova Science Publishers,
New York 2004.
Assuming that within each layer all magnetic moments are ferromagnetically aligned but with an orientation differing from layer to layer, our model system can be modelled as a collection of N elementary magnetic moments described by a classical
Hamiltonian that is discrete in space. The variety of possible spatial magnetic structures stems from a competition between three forces: First, the interlayer exchange energy, favoring uniform magnetization configurations. Second, the Zeeman energy defined by the strength of an external magnetic field
H, favoring the alignment of the moments along the field direction. Third, the anisotropy energy defined by a suitable multi-well potential favoring collinear structures along preferred directions. We give an exact enumeration of all possible nonequivalent magnetic structures of the system that can be thought of as collection of interacting magnetic particles residing on a ring. The resulting magnetic structures are specified by periodic orbits a twodimensional map. They fall into equivalence classes, where the internal symmetries are given by the action of the dihedral group D
N
. consisting of N rotations and N mirror reflections with respect to all possible N symmetry axes. We show that the number of nonequivalent magnetic structures increases exponential with N. Accordingly, the energy surface consists of exponentially many locally stable minima separated by large barriers. We show further that with increasing number of layers the spectrum of the spatial distribution of the magnetic moments grows in a quasi self-similar manner and give an exact enumeration of all possible magnetization directions. In the large N-limit the magnetic patterns turn out to have a multi-fractal structure intimately connected to the experimentally observed Barkhausen jumps.
26. W.W. Szymanski and G. Allmaier, Applicability of nanoaerosol techniques for real-time measurement of high-mass biopolymers and their modifications, in "Nanostructured Materials and their Applications" (Szymanski,
Wagner, Itoh and Ochachi, Eds.), Facultas,
Vienna 2004).
The potential of an innovative experimental approach for determination of molecular masses of high-mass biopolymers
– they can be viewed as nanoparticles - at atmospheric pressure has been explored. Macromolecular ions were formed by means of nano-ESI (electrospray ionization) and charge-reduced to yield neutral and mainly singlecharged particles. Subsequently, the so obtained ions were size-separated according to their electrophoretic mobility (EM) in air using a nano-
DMA (differential mobility analysis) and then detected by means of a CPC (condensation particle counter) technique. The EM diameters of welldefined proteins were determined and linked with their molecular weights up to 2000 kDa showing a

correlation coefficient of 0.999. This relationship allowed then the determination of recombinant glycoproteins, polysaccharides and biocomplexes with a mass accuracy of the order of 5% including supramolecular functional complexes (catalase tetramers or virus/antibody complex). These data were compared with MALDI mass spectrometryderived data. Furthermore, we investigated the behavior of a glycoprotein before and after RP-
HPLC (reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography) passage as well as the stability of protein complexes as a function of pH-values. The study on antibodies and human rhinoviruses demonstrated the capability of the experimental arrangement to determine in real-time the size of the functional virus and the formed virus-antibody complex.
27. P. M. Winkler, A. Vrtala, P. E. Wagner , M.
Kulmala, K. E. J. Lehtinen, T. Vesala, Mass and
Thermal Accommodation during Gas-Liquid
Condensation of Water, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 ,
075701-1 (2004).
In this Letter we report, for the first time, direct and simultaneous determinations of mass and thermal accommodation coefficients for water vapour condensation in air, based on the observation of droplet growth kinetics in an expansion cloud chamber. Our experiments exclude values below
0.85 for the thermal and below 0.4 for the mass accommodation coefficients at temperatures ranging from 250 to 290 K. Both coefficients are likely to be 1 for all studied conditions. Previously available experimental data on the mass accommodation coefficient for water span about 3 orders of magnitude. Our results provide new and firm insight to cloud microphysics and consequently to the global radiative balance.
28. K. Iland, J. Wedekind, J. Wölk , P. E. Wagner ,
R. Strey, Homogeneous Nucleation Rates of 1-
Pentanol, J. Chem. Phys. 121 , 12259 (2004).
We have measured isothermal homogeneous nucleation rates J for 1-pentanol vapor in two different carrier-gases, argon, and helium, using a two-valve nucleation pulse chamber. The nucleation rates cover a range of 10 5 < J /cm -3 s -1 < 10 9 at temperatures between 235 < T /K < 265. We observed no influence of the carrier gas on location and slope of the nucleation rate isotherms. These measurements are part of an international effort to examine 1-pentanol using various experimental techniques, which was initiated in Prague in 1995.
In the present paper nucleation rate data obtained by several groups are compared to each other and to the classical nucleation theory. As expected, the classical theory is not able to quantitatively predict the experimental results. Nevertheless, relating the experimental data to the classical theory provides a suitable way to compare data of widely differing nucleation rates obtained by different experimental techniques. This comparison helps judging mutual support of the data and, at the same time, provides a rather interesting insight into the accuracy of the individual experimental techniques.
29. T. Vesala, M. Kulmala, P. E. Wagner , Comment on ’Postnucleation Droplet Growth in
Supersaturated Gas with Arbitrary Vapor
Concentration’ [
J. Chem. Phys.
120, 10455
(2004)], J. Chem. Phys.
121 , 8163 (2004). b. ACCEPTED PUBLICATIONS
30. M. Drosg and F. D. Brooks, Increasing the capability of MNBRP for the detection of antipersonnel landmines, Appl. Rad. Isot., (2004).
Monte Carlo simulations were used to show that even very small explosives (<100g) can be detected by MNBRP (monoenergetic neutron backscattering with resonance penetration) at a depth well beyond
30 cm when time slicing is used for background suppression. At the present state of technology no other nuclear method appears to have a comparable sensitivity or penetration capability. This method has been successfully tested experimentally at a depth of 16.5 cm. A substantial simplification of the detection procedure could be achieved either by taking advantage of the time shadow rather than the geometric shadow or by applying neutron threshold detectors. Using a threshold detector could simplify the application, too.
31. F.D. Brooks and M. Drosg , The HYDAD-D antipersonnel landmine detector, Appl. Rad.
Isot., (2004).
HYDAD (Hydrogen Density Anomaly Detection) systems have been developed to detect small
(> 200 g) antipersonnel landmines (APM) of plastic construction. The HYDAD-D detector is based on the earlier HYDAD designs HYDAD-H and HYDAD-
VM. It consists of a neutron source and two identical slow neutron detectors. The difference between the responses of the two detectors is monitored as a function of position in the minefield and APM detection is based on an analysis of this difference.
Laboratory tests and Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that HYDAD-D is capable of detecting the IAEA standard dummy landmine DLM2 at burial depths up to 23 cm in dry sand and at burial depths up to 7 cm in damp sand containing 12 % (by mass) water.
32. A. Petzold, M. Fiebig , L. Fritzsche, C. Stein ,
U. Schumann, W. Wilson , C.D. Hurley,
F. Arnold , E. Katragkou, U. Baltensperger,
M. Gysel , S. Nyeki , R. Hitzenberger , H. Giebl ,
K. J. Hughes, R. Kurtenbach, P. Wiesen,
P. Madden, H. Puxbaum , S. Vrchoticky ,
C. Wahl (2004), Particle emissions from aircraft engines – an overview of the European project
PartEmis., Meteorol. Z.
33. A. A. Cheremisin, Yu. V. Vassilyev and
H. Horvath , Gravito-photophoresis and Aerosol
Stratification in the Atmosphere, J. Aerosol
Research, 40 pp.
The formation of aerosol layers in the earth’s stratosphere and mesosphere under the influence of gravito-photophoretic forces is considered. The minimum set of effective particle parameters for describing gravito-photophoretic forces, and their critical values for vertical transport and levitation of particles are discussed. The behavior of two types of particles are investigated specifically: (1) soot-like particles strongly absorbing both solar (visible) and

IR radiation, and (2) sulfate-like particles which are transparent in the visible, but strongly absorb the terrestrial IR radiation. Only particles larger than one micrometer can levitate under the influence of gravitophotophoresis. Particles larger than 1 µm can be suspended in the atmosphere. They need to have a variation in accommodation coefficient over the surface. As a rule transparent particles should have a density smaller than the one of water. Both black particles and white particles can be levitated.
Gravito-photophoresis explains the existence of narrow aerosol layers at altitudes of approximately
20 and 50 km, and also at approx. 70 km and 80-83 km. The thickness of the layers can be less than 1 km if the accommodation coefficient exhibits only small differences over the surface. Transparent particles may form thick layers above 50 km rather easily.
34.
J. Klačka,
M. Kocifaj
, P. Pástor, Effect of radiation on nonspherical particles in resonances with large planets, In: Electromagnetic and
Light Scattering - Theory and Applications VIII,
Ed. xxx, Granada, Spain.
Motion of non-spherical cosmic dust particle under the action of electromagnetic radiation and gravitational forces of a star and a planet orbiting the star is investigated. The contribution concentrates on the problem if the particle can be trapped in commensurability resonances with the planet (a particle is in resonance with a planet when the ratio of their orbital periods is the ratio of two small integers). Captures in the circular restricted threebody problem (planetary orbit is circle) with electromagnetic radiation coming from the star are presented. The effect of radiation plays an important role as for the possible capture in exterior (particle's orbital period is larger than that for the planet) and interior (particle's orbital period is smaller than that for the planet) resonances: particle's optical properties do not only define positions of the resonances, but also the capture times and evolution of orbital elements. Effect of electromagnetic radiation on nonspherical particles may produce an increase of particle's semimajor axis before the capture. This behavior, unknown for other types of known forces, holds both for interior and exterior resonances.
35. K.W. Kratky , Lebensweg: Rhythmen, Übergänge und Lebensspirale. In: Internationale
Kinesiologie Akademie (Hrsg.), Leben im
Wandel der Zeit, Ereignisse der Lebensreferenzlinie und ihr Einfluss auf die Biografie.
Internationale Kinesiologie Akademie, Frankfurt am Main.
Das Leben ist durch physiologische Rhythmen und durch mehr oder weniger markante Übergänge gekennzeichnet. Beide lassen sich auf der
Gesundheitsscheibe, einer vom Vortragenden entwickelten graphischen Darstellung, gut darstellen.
Der Lebensweg als ganzes wird auf dieser Scheibe durch die Lebensspirale dargestellt. Die Bedeutung dieser Spirale für Gesundheit und Krankheit wird erläutert und speziell auch auf Geburt und Tod eingegangen.
36. K.W. Kratky : The Development of Chinese
Medicine from a Cross-Cultural Point of View.
In: G.E. Lasker and K.W. Kratky (Eds.):
Health, Healing and Medicine, Vol. XI.
Comparative and Integrative Medicine. The
International Institute for Advanced Studies in
Systems Research and Cybernetics, Windsor,
Canada.
In this paper, the development of Chinese medicine is treated. Starting from its daoistic origin, Chinese medicine has evolved into the so-called Traditional
Chinese Medicine (TCM). This transition was accompanied by political changes in China. Important terms are yin and yang , the elements (phases) and the meridians (channels). It turns out that some of the old Chinese concepts are fruitful for a crosscultural discussion, e.g., yinyang or qi as third principle. The twelve meridians are grouped in pairs that are associated with the elements. Their commensurate number six, however, was virtually reduced to five during the development of Chinese medicine. This issue is considered in detail, and it is argued that the reintroduction of the sixth element
( flora ) makes sense, especially from a cross-cultural point of view. Then the location of the twelve meridians in the human body is treated. They form three energy circuits, each of them consisting of four meridians. A rough estimate of the basic cycle time is two hours. This is compatible with the basic restactivity cycle (BRAC) found in Western chronobiology.
37. K.W. Kratky , Chronobiology and Cross-
Cultural Medicine: Cyclic Processes during a
Day, a Year, and a Lifetime. In: G.E. Lasker and K.W. Kratky (Eds.): Health, Healing and
Medicine, Vol. XI. Comparative and Integrative
Medicine. The International Institute for
Advanced Studies in Systems Research and
Cybernetics, Windsor, Canada.
At first, several results of Western chronobiology are dealt with, especially diurnal rhythms and the BRAC
(basic rest-activity cycle). Then we turn to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and the functional relations between the Chinese elements. It turns out that the nourishing cycle can also interpreted in a temporal way and is probably the Eastern counterpart of BRAC. Furthermore, it also appears in the annual cycle of the seasons. There are different versions (including Tibetan medicine) with
8, 6, 5 and 4 seasons. The advantage of including flora in the Chinese elements is discussed. Then diurnal rhythms are considered. In TCM, the large energy cycle (clock of the organs) is an example of such a rhythm. Its deviation from the nourishing cycle is described within a cross-cultural graphics, the annular arrangement of meridians. Using this graphics, possible cycles are considered that are compatible with qi flow in the human body. Referring to this, the different versions of seasonal models are treated again. At last, the slow changes during lifetime are considered, where results of ayurveda, the Indian medicine, are used. These changes are characterized by the life-spiral on a disc that is the generalization of the annular arrangement.
38. S. Ibrahim and K.W. Kratky , Human Types:
Relationship between Yin / Yang and Vago-

tonia / Sympathicotonia. In: G.E. Lasker and
K.W. Kratky (Eds.): Health, Healing and
Medicine, Vol. XI. Comparative and Integrative
Medicine. The International Institute for
Advanced Studies in Systems Research and
Cybernetics, Windsor, Canada.
Background: In Traditional Chinese Medicine
(TCM), human beings are classified into yin and yang with relative excess of yin or yang respectively.
This classification is used in the diagnosis and therapy of diseases. Western medicine does not use human types as an integrated part of its healing system. Yin and yang have many properties of the parasympathetic and sympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system, respectively.
Objective: to determine whether yin and yang may be correlated with the dualistic components of the autonomic nervous system, and whether such a correlation could be used as a classification for human beings. Methods: A questionnaire in German was constructed to determine both yin and yang states as well as the associated parasympathetic and sympathetic activities. Results: There were a total of 217 respondents from the 250 questionnaires distributed. The majority of the participants were yin / vagotonia type, followed by yang / sympathicotonia, yang / vagotonia and yin / sympathicotonia. Chi-square test shows highly significant association between yin / yang and parasympathetic / sympathetic. Conclusion: parasympathetic / sympathetic nervous systems could be the scientific basis of yin and yang. In addition, four human types were identified in this study the yin / vagotonia, the yang / sympathicotonia, the yin / sympathicotonia and the yang / vagotonia.
39. S. Ibrahim, K.W. Kratky and C. Adensamer,
The Practice of and Attitudes towards Complementary Medicine among Non-Hospital
Physicians in Vienna. In: G.E. Lasker and
K.W. Kratky (Eds.): Health, Healing and
Medicine, Vol. XI. Comparative and Integrative
Medicine. The International Institute for
Advanced Studies in Systems Research and
Cybernetics, Windsor, Canada.
Background: There is evidence that complementary medicine (CM) is becoming more popular among patients in Vienna. Evaluating the use of and attitudes towards CM by Viennese physicians could help to integrate it into primary health care.
Objective: To determine the practice of, and attitudes towards, CM among non-hospital physicians in Vienna. Methods: A questionnaire was sent out to all non-hospital physicians in Vienna. Results:
A total of 3222 questionnaires were sent and a response rate of 14% was obtained. 48% of respondents practiced CM themselves in addition to
Western medicine. The most commonly practiced
CM were acupuncture and homoeopathy, followed by neural therapy. The majority of the respondents believe that CM works, it is effective and safe, but should be subject to more scientific testing.
Conclusion: 48% of the respondents have integrated CM into their practices. Their attitudes towards CM were positive, but they would like to know how CM works, the degree of its effectiveness, its side effects, its complications and its cost effectiveness.
40. K.E.
Kürten
, Fractal Properties of Small Magnetic Particles and Magnetic Multilayers: an
Exactly Solvable Model. In: J.W. Clark and
W. Pannof (Eds.), Condensed Matter Theories.
Vol. 20. Nova Science Publishers, New York,
USA.
The focus of this report is an analytical study of the energy landscape of a Hamiltonian based on a piecewise quadratic potential. In contrast to widely used on-site potentials with a quadratic maximum
[all physical quantities of interest can be studied analytically. We have shown that, depending on the strength of the on-site potential, the energy surface of our model can consist of exponentially many locally stable minima separated by large barriers specified by unstable saddle points. Also the degeneracy can be calculated analytically with the aid of
RedfieldPòlya theory. The most important finding is that the distribution of the magnetic moments is fractal provided that the strength of the on-site potential exceeds the critical value 4/3. With increasing strength of the on-site potential the fractal dimension of the distribution tends logarithmically to zero.
41. F.V. Kusmartsev and K.E.
Kürten
, Magnetic
Quantum Cellular Automata. In: J.W. Clark and
W. Pannof (Eds.), Condensed Matter Theories.
Vol. 20. Nova Science Publishers, New York,
USA.
Recently Cowburn and Welland have proposed to use a chain of magnetic nanoparticles deposited on a nonmagnetic substrate as a room temperature
Magnetic Quantum Cellular Automata (MQCA).
Such automata made of magnetic dots are capable of data handling. The silicon microchip, the single electron transistor (SET) seems set to generate the next revolution in data processing and storage.
Arrangements of SETs have recently shown their ability to perform logic operations. They were called
Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) because they use quantum mechanical tunnelling of charge between quantum dots to change logic state.
However, currently, unless the SET dots are less than 2 nm across, the electronic QCA will only work at millikelvin temperatures. Now the attention is focused on magnetic QCAs instead, which can operate at room temperatures. The MQCA networks are built up of magnetic dots, which are made from a common magnetic alloy on a silicon substrate. We have investigated this model in detail considering arrays of a few and many nanoparticles, and shown that besides MQCA they also have potential for sensor applications and magnetic data storage. In particular we show that such systems have a very complex nontrivial magnetic behaviour. There different nontrivial structures displaying fractal features may be formed. That is with increasing particle number the system behaviour, i.e. the values of magnetic moments, the energy spectrum, coercive forces, hysteresis loops may display the fractal features.
42. K.W. Kratky , Die drei Prinzipien am Beispiel der Hom
öopathie (Diathesen, Miasmen) und der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin (Yin,
Yang, Qi). Homöopathie in Österreich.
Weltweit sind in unterschiedlichen Medizinsystemen immer wieder drei Prinzipien anzutreffen, die

grundsätzliche Verhaltensweisen von Menschen, deren Gesunderhaltung und Krankheitsanfälligkeit beschreiben. In Kratky (2002) wurden etliche solcher Dreiertypologien verglichen, wobei der
Ayurveda (indische Medizin) eine wichtige Basis darstellte. In der vorliegenden Arbeit ist der
Ausgangspunkt die Traditionelle Chinesische Medizin (TCM), wo die drei Prinzipien zunächst nicht so klar zutage treten. Es wird aber belegt, dass die
Triade Yin, Yang und Qi (bzw. Yinyang) ein
Äquivalent der drei Prinzipien darstellt. Danach wird schwerpunktmäßig auf die Diathesen bzw. Miasmen in der Homöopathie eingegangen und auch neuere
Entwicklungen (Gienow) besprochen. Um Prozesse der Erkrankung und Gesundung darstellen zu können, wird die vom Autor entwickelte Gesundheitsscheibe, insbesondere die so genannte
Lebensspirale, verwendet. c. SUBMITTED PUBLICATIONS
43. J. Turšič, B. Podkrajšek, I. Grgić, P. Ctyroky,
A. Berner, U. Dusek, R. Hitzenberger ,
Chemical composition and hygroscopic properties of size segregated aerosol particles collected at Adriatic coast of Slovenia,
Chemosphere.
44. M. Kocifaj, H. Horvath , On re-evaluation of quondam dust trend in the middle atmosphere,
Appl. Opt.
45.
J. Klačka,
M. Kocifaj
, F. Kundracík, Physics of the perihelion motion of small dust particles,
Planet. Space Sci.
46. K.E. Kürten and F.V. Kusmartsev, Fractal
Structure in Systems Made of Small Magnetic
Particles. Phys.Rev.B.
47. A. Schäfer and K.W. Kratky , The Effect of
Colored Illumination on Heart-Rate Variability.
Biophysical Reviews and Letters.
48. A. Kubin, H.G.
Löw et.al., Water-soluble hypericin. Int. Journal of Photochemistry and
Photobiology.
49. D. Schmid, D. Staudacher, C. Plass, H.G. Löw et.al, Mediated proportional limiting of mechanical power output in rat and guinea pig left ventricular papillary muscles prone to hypoxic core. Am. Joournal of Physiology.
50. Ch. Plass, H.G.
Löw
, G.M. Wiesenthaler, et.al,
Photorelaxation of human vascular smooth muscle: mechanisms and clinical implications.
Int. Journal of Circulation Research.
51. W.W. Szymanski , A. Podgorski, H. Luckner and L. Gradon, Design, performance and commisioning of a new cascade virtual impactor
(CAVI) for ambient aerosol measurement
(Meas. Sci. Technol 2004). d. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
52. Hitzenberger, R ., Water soluble aerosols.
Invited plenary presentation, ICNAA 2004,
Kyoto, July 2004.
53. Tusic, J., Podkrajsek, B., Grgic, I., Berner, A.,
Ctyroky, P., Hitzenberger, R.
, Reactivity of atmospheric aerosols under conditions typical for haze, EAC 2004, Budapest, Sept. 2004.
54. Dusek U., Giebl H., Reischl G.P., Hitzenberger R .,CCN activation of pure and coated carbon black particles, EAC 2004, Budapest,
Sept. 2004.
55. Dusek U., Giebl H., Reischl G. P., Hitzenberger R ., Aspects on the calibration of CCN counters, EAC 2004, Budapest, Sept. 2004.
56. M. Gysel, S. Nyeki, E. Weingartner, U. Baltensperger, H. Giebl, R. Hitzenberger , A. Petzold,
Effect of Sulphuric Acid on Hygroscopic Growth and CCN Activity of Jet Engine Combustion
Particles. Workshop on Sulphuric Acid Aerosols, Cambridge, March 31 to April 1, 2004.
57. L. Alados-Arboledas, F.J. Olmo, A. Alcantara,
H. Lymani, H. Martinez-Lozano, V. Cachorro,
A. Labajo, B. de la Morena, J.P. Díaz,
M. Pujadas, H. Horvath , A.M Silva, G. Pavese,
Evolution of the aerosol columnar properties at the main station of Armilla during Veleta field campaigns. Abstr, European Aerosol
Conference, Sept. 6 to 10, 2004, J. Aerosol
Science S377-8.
58. H. Horvath, M. Gangl, L. Fenk, B. Jost ,
L. Alados-Arboledas, F.J. Olmo, A. Alcantara,
H. Lymani, Size distribution, scattering, extinction, and absorption of a desert aerosol in
Southern Spain. Abstr, European Aerosol
Conference, Sept.6 to 10, 2004, J. Aerosol
Science S377-8.
59. M. Gangl, N. Sabbagh, H. Horvath , Increase of light absorption of carbon particles by a transparent coating. Abstr, European Aerosol
Conference, Sept. 6 to 10, 2004, J. Aerosol
Science S439-40.
60. H. Horvath , M. Kasahara, S. Tohno, Angular scattering of the atmospheric aerosol in Kyoto,
Japan. Abstr, European Aerosol Conference,
Sept.6 to 10, 2004, J. Aerosol Science S445-6.
61. L. Alados-Arboledas, F.J. Olmo, A. Alcantara,
H. Lymani, H. Martinez-Lozano, V. Cachorro,
A. Labajo, B. de la Morena, J.P. Díaz,
M. Pujadas, H. Horvath , A.M Silva, G. Pavese,
Atmospheric aerosol changes in the vertical followed by sun photometers and telephotometers during VELETA 2002. Abstr,
European Aerosol Conference, Sept. 6 to 10,
2004, J. Aerosol Science S503-4.
62. F.J. Olmo, G. Pavese, L. Alados-Arboledas,
A. Alcantara, H. Lymani, I. Foyo-Moreno,
F. Esposito, L. Leone, H. Horvath , S. Castillo,
L. Ramirez, A comparison of the columnar aerosol physicsl parameters retrieved by different methods at INDALO2003. Abstr,
European Aerosol Conference, Sept. 6 to 10,
2004, J. Aerosol Science S527-8.
63. L. Fenk, H. Horvath , Dispersion of the bioaerosol produced by the oak processionary moth. Abstr, European Aerosol Conference,
Sept.6 to 10, 2004, J. Aerosol Science S605-6.
64. L. Alados-Arboledas, H. Horvath , G. Pavese,
F. Esposito, X. Querol, L. Ramirez A. Alcantara,
F. J. Olmo, H. Lymani, I. Foyo-Moreno,
M. Gangl , L. Fenk, B. Jost, L. Leone,
S. Castillo, M Escudero, B. Espinar, INDALO
2003 filed campaign. Abstr, European Aerosol
Conference, Sept. 6 to 10, 2004, J. Aerosol
Science S981-2.

65. M. Kocifaj, H. Horvath , Retrieval of size distribution for urban aerosols using multispectral optical data, J. Phys. Conf. Series.
66. L. Bugalho, A.M. Silva, T. Elias, L Alados Arboledas, J. Lorente, V. Cachorro, H. Horvath , J.A.
Martinez-Lozano, B. de la Morena, Aerosol radiative forcing estimated at the top of the atmosphere during VELETA2002 Campaign at
Armilla, Spain. Abstr, European Aerosol Conference, Sept. 6 to 10, 2004, J. Aerosol Science
S991-2.
67. B. Geringer, G. P. Reischl, W. Weissel,
T. Wopelka, Charakterisierung der Partikelemissionen bei ottomotorischer Brennverfahren, 4-6 Oktober 2004, in Aachen, Deutschland.
68. P.M. Winkler, A. Vrtala, P.E. Wagner ,
M. Kulmala, K.E.J. Lehtinen and T. Vesala,
Time-resolved observation of the kinetics of nucleation and condensation of water vapour using constant-angle Mie scattering (CAMS).
Proceedings of the 7 th International Congress on Optical Particle Characterization Kyoto, 1-5
August 2004.
69. P.M. Winkler, A. Vrtala, P.E. Wagner , M. Kulmala, K.E.J. Lehtinen and T. Vesala,
Independent experimental determination of thermal and mass accommodation coefficients for water, in Abstracts of the European Aerosol
Conference 2004, Elsevier, Vol. II, 889, 2004.
70. K.E.
Kürten
, Multistability and Dynamical
Behaviour of Small Magnetic Particles and Thin
Magnetic Multilayers. In: D.C. Dalton,
N. Lindsey and F.V. Kusmartsev (Eds.),
International Workshop on Arrays of Quantum
Dots and Josephson Junctions, Split, Croatia,
21-27 October 2004.
71. I. Lucic , G. Soja, H. Haider, W. Giczi und
K.W. Kratky , Untersuchungsmethodik der
Auswirkungen von hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Feldern (GSM - Basisstations-
Entsprechung) anhand von Pflanzen und
Pilzen. In: Österreichische Physikalische
Gesellschaft (Hrsg.), 54. Jahrestagung der
ÖPG, Linz 2004 (S.53).
72. I. Lucic , G. Soja, H. Haider, W. Giczi und
K.W. Kratky, Biologische Wirkungen hochfrequenter elektromagnetischer Felder. In:
Österreichische Physikalische Gesellschaft
(Hrsg.), 54.
Jahrestagung der ÖPG, Linz 2004
(S.113).
73. I. Lucic , Biological impacts of high frequency electromagnetic fields. In: Report of the 1 st
International Graduate- and PhD Seminar on
Biogenetics & Natural Resources and the 7 th
International Graduate- and PhD Seminar on
Environmental Research. Eds: ARC Seibersdorf Research GmbH and University of Natural
Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Institute for Soil Research (Eds,), Seibersdorf and
Vienna 2004 (p. 34).
74. I. Lucic , K.W. Kratky and H. Klima, Biophoton emission and supplementary evaluation parameters of biological tissue that was treated with mechanical and electromagnetic waves vs. non-treated biological tissue. In: V. Martynyuk (Ed.), Biophotons and coherent systems in biology, biophysics and biotechnology. Conference Proceedings of the 3 rd Alexander
Gurwitsch Conference, Simferopol, Ukraine
2004.
75. T. Pressertachato, S. Suvachittanont, W.W.
Szymanski , Atmospheric microparticle characterization and analysis (Asian Aerosol Conference 2004, SAR Hongkong, 9. Jänner 2004).
76. A. Nagy, A. Czitrovszky, P. Gal, W.W.
Szymanski , Environmental monitoring of atmospheric pollution – mobile laboratory approach
(Asian Aerosol Conference 2004, SAR
Hongkong, 8. Jänner 2004).
77. W.W. Szymanski , Size selective sampling and analysis of particulate matter in urban and rural areas in Bangkok and Nakornpratom, Thailand
(European Aerosol Conference 2004, Budapest, Hungary).
78. W.W. Szymanski , Modern instrumentation for measurement of atmospheric aerosols – a review (Invited lecture at Asian Aerosol
Conference 2004, SAR Hongkong, 6. Jänner
2004).
79. C.L. Laschober , G. Reischl , S. Kaufman,
G. Allmeier, W.W. Szymanski , Comparison between corona and diffusion charging for nanosized biomolecules (European Aerosol
Conference 2004, Budapest, Hungary,
7. September 2004).
80. A.Golczewski
, A. Nagy, P. Gal, A. Czitrovszky,
W.W. Szymanski , Performance modelling and response of the dual-wavelength optical particle spectrometer (European Aerosol Conference
2004, Budapest, Hungary. 9. September 2004).
81. P. M. Winkler, A. Vrtala, P. E. Wagner , The
Role of Nanoparticles in Heterogeneous
Nucleation of Binary Water - Ammonia Vapor
Mixtures, in Nanostructured Materials and their
Applications (W. W. Szymanski, P. E. Wagner,
M. Itoh, T. Ohachi, Eds.) p. 55. Facultas, Wien,
2004.
82. J. Wedekind, K. Iland, P. E. Wagner , R. Strey,
Homogeneous Nucleation of 1-Alcohol Vapors, in Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols 2004
(M. Kasahara, M. Kulmala, Eds.) p. 49. Kyoto
University Press, Kyoto, 2004.
83. D. Kaller, A. Vrtala, P. E. Wagner , A. Lauri,
M. Kulmala, A. Laaksonen, Binary Heterogeneous Nucleation on Partially Soluble
Nanoparticles, in Nucleation and Atmospheric
Aerosols 2004 (M. Kasahara, M. Kulmala, Eds.) p. 40. Kyoto University Press, Kyoto, 2004.
84. P. M. Winkler, A. Vrtala, P. E. Wagner , M. Kulmala, K. E. J. Lehtinen, T. Vesala, An Experimental Study on Thermal and Mass
Accommodation Coefficients for the Condensation of Water Vapour, in Nucleation and
Atmospheric Aerosols 2004 (M. Kasahara,
M. Kulmala, Eds.) p. 143. Kyoto University
Press, Kyoto, 2004.
85. P. E. Wagner , Nucleation and Optical
Measurement, in Abstracts for the International
Workshop on Optics, Nucleation and Nano-
Technology , Abstract I-3. Doshisha University,
Kyoto, 2004.
86. P. E. Wagner , Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Nucleation in Multicomponent
Systems, Abstracts of the European Aerosol
Conference 2004, Vol. II. J. Aerosol Sci., p.
S783 (2004).

87. A. Lauri, E. Zapadinsky, H. Vehkamäki,
P. E. Wagner , M. Kulmala, A New Statistical
Mechanical Formulation of Heterogeneous
Nucleation, Abstracts of the European Aerosol
Conference 2004, Vol. I. J. Aerosol Sci., p.
S109 (2004). e. BOOKS
1. M. Drosg , Dealing With Uncertainties. A Guide to Error Analysis, accepted for publication by
Springer, Heidelberg.
2. G.E. Lasker and K.W. Kratky (Eds.), Health,
Healing and Medicine, Vol. XI. Comparative and Integrative Medicine. The International
Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems
Research and Cybernetics, Windsor, Canada
2005 (in print).
3. W.W. Szymanski, P.E. Wagner , M. Itoh and
T. Ohachi, Nanostructured materials and their applications, Facultas, Vienna (2004).
Nanostructured materials have great potential for applications in various industrial areas including nanoceramics, electronics and metallurgy. Furthermore, biological systems are structured typically on the nanoscale. Generation, investigation and manipulation of nanostructured materials are of great fundamental as well as practical importance for various disciplines ranging from physics, chemistry and materials sciences to biosciences and medicine. In the year 1959, the Nobel Prize laureate, physicist Richard Feynman gave his famous lecture at the meeting of the American
Physical Society “There is plenty of Room at the
Bottom”. The significance of his ideas becomes increasingly evident with the ongoing development of nanoscience and technology. He had a vision of new, exciting developments based on production of materials and things at the molecular scale – the bottom-up nanotechnology. In his lecture he
L E C T U R E S - PO ST E R S a. LECTURES
M. Drosg
1. Increasing the capability of MNBRP for the detection of anti-personnel landmines by timeslicing, 8th International Conference on Applications of Nuclear Techniques, Crete, 12 - 18
September 2004.
W. Gruber
2. Papierflieger, Boomerangs und Physik (Highlights der Physik, Stuttgart), 24.-26.6. 2004.
3. Warum fliegen Flieger (KinderUniSteyr, Steyr),
30.-31.Aug. 2004.
4. "University meets public"-lectures (VHS Meidling, VHS Liesing), January-December 2004.
stressed the fact that this development would only be possible with an innovative instrumentation and methods allowing understanding, handling and measurement of nanostructures. Nowadays, some
40 years after Feynman’s visionary lecture the investigative tools and level of understanding of nanoscale phenomena are still in the beginning. To explore the potential possibilities being available at the nanoscale much more fundamental scientific knowledge and understanding how nanostructure systems function is needed. One of key characteristics of the nanoscale research is its interdisciplinarity and fading distinction between fundamental and applied science. Making a step in the right direction a Symposium on Nanostructured
Materials - Fundamentals and Applications was organized within the Cooperation and Exchange
Program between the Faculty of Engineering,
Doshisha University, Japan, and the Fakultät für
Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik, University of
Vienna, Austria. Leading experts presented various topics of current interest in the field of nanoscience and technology. The present volume is based on contributions given at the Symposium, which was held at the Institute of Experimental Physics of the
University of Vienna on 27 and 28 November 2002. f. PATENT
1. A. Kubin and H.G. Löw , Preparation hypericin bonded with poly-N-vinylamides, 01933457.2-
2404 PCT/AT0100159 (January 27, 2003),
European patent office. Published Dec 29,
2004 with the approbated European patent number EP 1289 562.
The invention relates to an active agent combination for diagnosing and treating tumors, comprising a water-soluble complex or a water-soluble compound of pure hypericin and a poly-N-vinylamide, especially PVP.
R. Hitzenberger
5. Water soluble Aerosols, ICNAA 2004, Kyoto,
July 2004.
6. Particulate Matter: Properties related to Health
Effects, COST Action 633, ÖAW, Kommission für Reinhaltung der Luft: Statusbericht
14.10.2004.
7. Particulate Matter: Properties Related to Health
Effects, COST ACTION 633, Invited Lecture,
AIRNET Conference, Prag. 22.10.2004.
H. Horvath
8. Sequestration of CO
2 and non conventional energy, graduate course held at the University of Kyoto, January-February 2004.
9. Light absorptive properties of atmospheric aerosols, held at the University of Bratislava on
November 15, 2004.

K.W. Kratky
10. Menschenbild und Heilkunde: Vergleich und
Integration von Verfahren I (Interuniversitärer
Fernstudiengang für komplementäre, psychosoziale und integrative Gesundheitsförderung,
Schloß Seggau), 24. & 25.1.2004.
11. Weltbild und Realität - Grundsätzliches zum
V erständnis von Medizinsystemen (Klub logischer Denker, Wien), 18.2.2004.
12. Menschenbild und Heilkunde: Vergleich und
Integration von Verfahren II (Interuniversitärer
Fernstudiengang für komplementäre, psychosoziale und integrative Gesundheitsförderung,
Schloß Seggau), 17.4.2004.
13.
Komplementäre Medizinsysteme. Vergleich und
Integration (MedSuccess am AKH, Wien),
8.5.2004.
14. Philosophische Grundlagen des Heilens (Club philosophique, Wien), 11.6.2004.
15. Die Verbindung von Physik und Psychologie bzw. Medizin (Fortbildung der Psychologen des
Otto Wagner Spitals, Wien), 20.10.2004.
16. Aspekte der Heilung (Weiterbildung "Energetische Modelle und Methoden – Therapeutische
Be rührung" der IGSL Hospizbewegung, Wien),
29.10.2004.
17.
Weltbilder komplementärmedizinischer Richtungen (Vorlesung "Grundlagen und Praxis komple mentärmedizinischer Methoden", Universität
Wien), 8.11.2004.
K.E. Kürten
18. Fractal Spatial Structures and Breathers in
Discrete Nonlinear Klein-Gordon Systems
(Loughborough University, Department of
Physics), 14.04.2004.
19. Fractal Watches Made of Small Magnetic Disks
(Loughborough University, Department of
Physics), 22.11.2004.
I. Lucic
20. Einfluss von mechanischen und elektromagnetischen (Licht) Wellen auf die Pilzmycele
(Austrian society of biophysics. Vienna University, Universität Wien), 29.6.2004.
W. W. Szymanski
21. Issues and tools for nanotechnology: analysis of nanoparticles and molecules – an innovative analytical and process technology (Kasetsart
University, Bangkok, Thailand, 17. Sept. 2004).
22. Aerosole – viel mehr als ein Spray (Rotary
Club, Zwettl, 19. Oktober 2004).
23. Optical particle counters and spectrometers – principle of operation, design and applications
(University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA, 17.
August 2004).
24. Performance and applicability of optical particle spectrometry for aerosol measurement
– limitations and error sources (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA, 19. August 2004).
P. Wagner
25. Binary Heterogeneous Nucleation on Nanoparticles, Doshisha University, Kyo-Tanabe,
Kyoto, Japan, 28. Juli 2004.
26. Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Nucleation in Multicomponent Systems, Aerosoli- ja ympäristöfysiikan seminaari
, University of
Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, 29. September
2004.
27. Nucleation in Multicomponent Systems I,
Seminar: Aktuelle Probleme der Aerosoldynamik und Aerosoloptik , Universität Wien,
27. Oktober 2004.
28. Homogene und Heterogene Nukleation in
Multikomponentensystemen, Seminar: Angewandte Statistische Physik und Simulation
(ASPUS)
, Universität Wien, 1. Dezember 2004.
P. Winkler
29. Experimental Study on Thermal and Mass
Accommodation Coefficients for the Condensation of Water Vapour, ICNAA, Kyoto,
27.07.2004.
30. Independent experimental determination of thermal and mass accommodation coefficients for water, EAC, Budapest, 09.11.2004.
CONFERENCE CONTRIBUTIONS
31. Hitzenberger R ., Water soluble aerosols.
Invited plenary presentation, ICNAA 2004,
Kyoto, July 2004.
32. Tusic J., Podkrajsek B., Grgic I., Berner A.,
Ctyroky P., Hitzenberger R.
, Reactivity of atmospheric aerosols under conditions typical for haze, EAC 2004, Budapest, Sept. 2004.
33. Dusek U., Giebl H., Reischl G. P., Hitzenberger R .,CCN activation of pure and coated carbon black particles, EAC 2004, Budapest,
Sept. 2004.
34. Dusek U., Giebl H., Reischl G. P., Hitzenberger, R ., Aspects on the calibration of CCN counters, EAC 2004, Budapest, Sept. 2004.
35. M. Gysel, S. Nyeki, E. Weingartner, U. Baltensperger, H. Giebl, R. Hitzenberger , A. Petzold,
Effect of Sulphuric Acid on Hygroscopic Growth and CCN Activity of Jet Engine Combustion
Particles. Workshop on Sulphuric Acid Aerosols, Cambridge, March 31 to April 1, 2004.
36. R. Hitzenberger , G. Iorga, H. Puxbaum,
A. Kasper-Giebl, Modelling the direct radiative effect of aerosols collected at Vienna and Mt.
Rax. 8 th International Conference on Carbonaceous Particles in the Atmosphere, Vienna,
Sept. 2004.
37. J. Tursic, B. Podkrajsek, I. Grgic, P. Ctyroky,
A. Berner, R. Hitzenberger , Particle size distributions of carbon in aerosols collected in
Vienna and Ljubljana. 8 th International Conference on Carbonaceous Particles in the
Atmosphere, Vienna, Sept. 2004.
38. U. Dusek, P. Ctyroky, H. Giebl, G.P. Reischl, and R. Hitzenberger , CCN activation of carbon black particles coated with humic acid. 8 th
International Conference on Carbonaceous
Particles in the Atmosphere, Vienna, Sept.
2004.
39. L. Fenk, H. Horvath , Dispersion of the bioaerosol produced by the oak processionary moth. Workshop on Bio Aerosol Detection
(U115), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, July 8 to 9, 2004.
40. L. Alados-Arboledas, F.J. Olmo, A. Alcantara,
H. Lymani, H. Martinez-Lozano, V. Cachorro,

A. Labajo, B. de la Morena, J.P. Díaz,
M. Pujadas, H. Horvath , A.M Silva, G. Pavese,
Evolution of the aerosol columnar properties at the main station of Armilla during Veleta field campaigns. European Aerosol Conference,
Sept. 6 to 10, 2004.
41. H. Horvath, M. Gangl, L. Fenk, B. Jost ,
L. Alados-Arboledas, F.J. Olmo, A. Alcantara,
H. Lymani, Size distribution, scattering, extinction, and absorption of a desert aerosol in
Southern Spain. European Aerosol Conference,
Sept. 6 to 10, 2004.
42. M. Gangl, N. Sabbagh, H. Horvath , Increase of light absorption of carbon particles by a transparent coating. European Aerosol Conference, Sept. 6 to 10, 2004.
43. H. Horvath , M. Kasahara, S. Tohno, Angular scattering of the atmospheric aerosol in Kyoto,
Japan. European Aerosol Conference, Sept. 6 to 10, 2004.
44. L. Alados-Arboledas, F.J. Olmo, A. Alcantara,
H. Lymani, H. Martinez-Lozano, V. Cachorro,
A.
Labajo, B. de la Morena, J.P. Díaz,
M. Pujadas, H. Horvath , A.M Silva, G. Pavese,
Atmospheric aerosol changes in the vertical followed by sun photometers and telephotometers during VELETA 2002. European
Aerosol Conference, Sept. 6 to 10, 2004.
45. F.J. Olmo, G. Pavese, L. Alados-Arboledas,
A. Alcantara, H. Lymani, I. Foyo-Moreno,
F. Esposito, L. Leone, H. Horvath , S. Castillo,
L. Ramirez, A comparison of the columnar aerosol physical parameters retrieved by different methods at INDALO2003. European
Aerosol Conference, Sept. 6 to 10, 2004.
46. L. Alados-Arboledas, H. Horvath , G. Pavese,
F. Esposito, X. Querol, L. Ramirez A. Alcantara,
F. J. Olmo, H. Lymani, I. Foyo-Moreno,
M. Gangl, L. Fenk, B. Jost , L. Leone,
S. Castillo, M Escudero, B. Espinar, INDALO-
2003 field campaign. European Aerosol Conference, Sept. 6 to 10, 2004.
47. L. Bugalho, A.M. Silva, T. Elias, L Alados
Arboledas, J.Lorente, V. Cachorro, H. Horvath ,
J-A. Martinez-Lozano, B. de la Morena, Aerosol radiative forcing estimated at the top of the atmosphere during VELETA2002 Campaign at
Armilla, Spain. European Aerosol Conference,
Sept. 6 to 10, 2004.
48. M. Kocifaj
, I. Martinček, Propagation of microwaves through atmospheric environment, AEEE
3, ISSN 1336-1376, 2004, 177-182.
49. M. Kocifaj , J. Klačka, H. Horvath , Nonspherical dust in exterior resonances with
Neptune, In: Proc. Dynamics of Populations of
Planetary Systems. IAU Colloquium 197, 2004.
50. M. Kocifaj, H. Horvath , Retrieval of size distribution for urban aerosols using multispectral optical data", J. Phys. Conf. Series.
51. K.W. Kratky
, Lebensweg: Rhythmen, Übergänge und Lebensspirale
(Internationales
Forum 2004 der Internationalen Kinesiologie
Akademie, Bad Nauheim), 27.6.2004.
52. K.W. Kratky , The Development of Chinese
Medicine from a Cross-Cultural Point of View
(16th International Conference on System
Research, Informatics & Cybernetics, Baden-
Baden) , 30.7.2004.
53. K.W. Kratky , Chronobiology and Cross-Cultural
Medicine: Cyclic Processes during a Day, a
Year, and a Lifetime (16th International
Conference on System Research, Informatics &
Cybernetics, Baden-Baden), 30.7.2004.
54. K.W. Kratky , Complementary Medicine: Comparison and Integration (keynote address at the
16th International Conference on System
Research, Informatics & Cybernetics, Baden-
Baden), 2.8.2004.
55. K.W. Kratky , Die drei Prinzipien am Beispiel der Homöopathie und der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin (Symposium "Energiemedizin
II. Neue Entwicklungen in Akupunktur und
Homöopathie" der Akademie für Ganzheitsmedizin, Wien), 5.11.2004.
56. K.E. Kürten , Fractal Properties of Small
Magnetic Particles and Magnetic Multilayers: an
Exactly Solvable Model (invited lecture at the
XXVIII International Workshop on Condensed
Matter Theories, St. Louis, MO, USA)
18.9.2004.
57. K.E. Kürten , Multistability and Dynamical Behaviour of Small Magnetic Particles and Thin
Magnetic Multilayers (invited lecture at the
International Workshop on Arrays of Quantum
Dots and Josephson Junctions, Split, Croatia)
24.10.2004.
58. S. Ibrahim , Human Types: Relationship between Yin/Yang and Vagotonia/Sympathicotonia (16th International Conference on
System Research, Informatics & Cybernetics,
Baden-Baden), 29.7.2004.
59. S. Ibrahim , Attitudes to Complementary
Medicine among General Practitioners in
Vienna, Austria (16th International Conference on System Research, Informatics & Cybernetics, Baden-Baden), 29.7.2004.
60. W. Gruber , Physikalische Grundlagen der
Fleischverarbeitung ( Agrarpädagogisches Institut Wien), 9.11.2004.
61. W. Gruber , Standards in der Ernährungserziehung (Agrar pädagogisches Institut Wien),
9.11.2004.
62. I. Lucic , Untersuchungsmethodik der Auswirkungen von hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Feldern (GSM-Basisstationentsprechung) anhand von Pflanzen und Pilzen
( 54. Jahrestagung der ÖPG, Linz), 28.9.2004.
63. B. Geringer, G. P. Reischl, W. Weissel,
T. Wopelka, Charakterisierung der Partikelemissionen bei ottomotorischer Brennverfahren, Aachen, Deutschland, 4-6 Oktober 2004.
64. T. Pressertachato, S.Suvachittanont, W.W Szymanski , Atmospheric microparticle characterization and analysis (Asian Aerosol Conference 2004, SAR Hongkong, 9.
Jänner 2004).
65. A. Nagy, A. Czitrovszky, P. Gal, W.W Szymanski , Environmental monitoring of atmospheric pollution – mobile laboratory approach (Asian Aerosol Conference 2004,
SAR Hongkong, 8. Jänner 2004).
66. W.W. Szymanski, Size selective sampling and analysis of particulate matter in urban and rural areas in Bangkok and Nakornpratom, Thailand
(European Aerosol Conference 2004, Budapest, Hungary).
67. W.W. Szymanski , Modern instrumentation for measurement of atmospheric aerosols
– a

review (Invited lecture at Asian Aerosol Conference 2004, SAR Hongkong, 6. Jänner 2004).
68. C.L. Laschober , G. Reischl , S. Kaufman,
G. Allmeier, W.W. Szymanski , Comparison between corona and diffusion charging for nanosized biomolecules (European Aerosol
Conference 2004, Budapest, Hungary,
7. September 2004).
69. A. Golczewski , A. Nagy, P. Gal, A.Czitrovszky,
W.W. Szymanski , Performance modelling and response of the dual-wavelength optical particle spectrometer (European Aerosol Conference
2004, Budapest, Hungary. 9. September 2004).
70. P. Wagner , Binary Heterogeneous Nucleation on Partially Soluble N anoparticles”, 16th
International Conference on Nucleation and
Atmospheric Aerosols , Kyoto, Japan, Koautoren: D. Kaller, A. Vrtala, A. Lauri, M. Kulmala,
A. Laaksonen, 26. Juli 2004.
71. P. Wagner , Nucleation and Optical Measurement, International Workshop on Optics,
Nucleation and Nano-Technology (IWONN) ,
Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan, 30. Juli
2004.
72. P. Wagner , Time-Resolved Observation of the
Kinetics of Nucleation and Condensation of
Water Vapour using Constant-Angle Mie
Scattering (CAMS), 7 th International Congress on Optical Particle Characterization , Kyoto,
Japan, Koautoren: P. M. Winkler, A. Vrtala,
M. Kulmala, K. E. J. Lehtinen, T. Vesala.
3. August 2004.
73. P. Wagner , Homogeneous and Heterogeneous
Nucleation in Multicomponent Systems, Plenary
Lecture, European Aerosol Conference 2004 ,
Budapest, Hungary, 9. September 2004.
74. P. M. Winkler , An Experimental Study on Thermal and Mass Accommodation Coefficients for the Condensation of Water Vapour, 16th International Conference on Nucleation and
Atmospheric Aerosols , Kyoto, Japan, Koautoren: A. Vrtala, P. E. Wagner, M. Kulmala,
K. E. J. Lehtinen, T. Vesala, 27. Juli 2004.
75. P. M. Winkler , Independent Experimental Determination of Thermal and Mass Accommodation Coefficients for Water, European
Aerosol Conference 2004 , Budapest, Hungary,
Koautoren: A. Vrtala, P.E. Wagner, M. Kulmala,
K. E. J. Lehtinen, T. Vesala, 9. Sept. 2004. c. POSTERS
76. R. Hitzenberger , G. Iorga, H. Puxbaum, A.
Kasper-Giebl, Modelling the direct radiative effect of aerosols collected at Vienna and Mt.
Rax. 8 th International Conference on Carbonaceous Particles in the Atmosphere, Vienna,
Sept. 2004.
77. J. Tursic, B. Podkrajsek, I. Grgic, P. Ctyroky,
A. Berner, R. Hitzenberger , Particle size distributions of carbon in aerosols collected in
Vienna and Ljubljana. 8 th International Conference on Carbonaceous Particles in the
Atmosphere, Vienna, Sept. 2004.
78. U. Dusek, P. Ctyroky, H. Giebl, G.P. Reischl, and R. Hitzenberger , CCN activation of carbon black particles coated with humic acid. 8 th
International Conference on Carbonaceous
Particles in the Atmosphere, Vienna, Sept.
2004.
79. M. Kocifaj, H. Horvath , Attenuation of optical signals in the atmosphere: An analytic approach, In: Applied Electronics 2004, Ed. J.
Pinker, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen,
September 2004.
80. M. Kocifaj, H. Horvath , Phase function of nonspherical dust-like particles, In: Transport of
Water, Chemicals and Energy in the System
Soil-Crop Canopy-Atmosphere, Eds. K. Kosorin, V. Novák, V. Štekauerová, J. Šútor, Inst. of
Hydrology SAS, Bratislava, 25 November 2004.
81. L. Fenk, H. Horvath, Dispersion of the bioaerosol produced by the oak processionary moth. European Aerosol Conference, Sept. 6 to 10, 2004
82. H.G. Löw , Fluorescence-optical methods in therapeutic dermatology and urology.
a) Enhancing optical detection specifity using PVP-
Hypericin as a new substance detecting TCCcarcinoma in human bladderwall. b) Fluorescence guided dermatology using 5-ALA applications on human skin lesions (Wissenschaftliche Sommertagung der Gesellschaft der
Ärzte: Präsentation der wissenschaftlichen
Höhepunkte der Wiener Medizin des Jahres
2003, Wien), 29.9.2004.
83.
H.G. Löw,
Novel type fluorescence-optical organ bath for non-invasive continuous detection of metabolic energy parameters in electrostimulated cardio-myocytes of papillary muscles (Wissenschaftliche Sommertagung der
Gesellschaft der Ärzte: Präsentation der wissenschaftlichen Höhepunkte der Wiener
Medizin des Jahres 2003, Wien), 29.9.2004.
84. I. Lucic , Biologische Wirkungen hochfrequenter elektromagnetischer Felder (54. Jahrestagung der ÖPG, Linz), 29.9.2004
85. I. Lucic , Biological impacts of high-frequency electromagnetic fields (1 st International
Graduate- and PhD Seminar on Biogenetics &
Natural Resources and 7 th International
Graduate- and PhD Seminar on Environmental
Research. University of Natural Resources and
Applied Life Sciences, Institute for Soil
Research, Vienna), 17.11.2004.
86. W. Gruber, Physik und Verkehrssicherheit
( NAWI-Netzwerk Wien, Technisches Museum
Wien), 8.10.2004.

T E AC H I N G AN D W E B - B AS E D D I D AC T I C S
W. Gruber zu biologischen Netzwerken. Nach der Vorstellung
Vorlesung "Brain Modelling I + II, Physikalische
Modelle für das Gedächtnis", steht auch online zur
Verfügung: http://brain.exp.univie.ac.at
Im Rahmen dieser Lehrveranstaltung werden aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse aus den Bereichen der Neuroscience vorgestellt und ihre Relevanz diskutiert. Der Streifzug durch die Neuroscience beginnt bei der Beschreibung von Neuronen, technischen neuronalen Netzen und dem Vergleich
PH D T H E S E S - D I PL O M A T H E S E S a. CURRENT DIPLOMA THESES

SUPERVISOR: A. Berner
P. Ctyroky
Nichtideale Strömungserscheinungen in Impaktordüsen

SUPERVISOR: R. Hitzenberger
B. Baumann
FourierDomain optische Kohärenztomographie
O. Chik
TimeDomain optische Kohärenztomographie

SUPERVISOR: H. Horvath
L. Fenk
Aerodynamische Eigenschaften von Bioaerosolen
N. Fölker
Light absorption of mixed particles
N. Sabbagh
Light absorption of coated particles
V. Wurmsdobler
Angular light scattering of mixed particles

SUPERVISOR : K.W. Kratky
D. Diepold
Auswirkung von akustischen Reizen auf die Heart-
Rate-Variability
N. Elagöz
Nichtlineare Analyse des Einflusses von Licht auf den Menschen

SUPERVISOR: G. Reischl
G. Steiner
Generierung von Nanopartikeln

SUPERVISOR: W. W. Szymanski
A. Golczewski
Simultaneous determination of refractive indices and sizes of aerosol particles with innovative von einigen konkreten Modellen aus der Biologie
(Beispiele: Erkennen von Objekten durch das visuelle System, Synchronisation im Gehirn,
Steuerungen und Regelungen im Nervensystem) endet der Streifzug bei philosophischen Fragestellungen. Da in diesem Forschungsgebiet noch viele Fragen offen sind beziehungsweise noch gar nicht gestellt wurden, wird auch auf die Grenzen des aktuellen Wissens hingewiesen. particle spectrometry technique

SUPERVISOR: P. E. Wagner
V. Hiessberger
Experimental Investigation of Condensational
Growth and Accomodation Coefficients for n-
Propanol Vapour
B. Strassmeier
Experimental Investigation of Condensational
Growth and Accomodation Coefficients for n-Octane
Vapor b. COMPLETED DIPLOMA THESES

SUPERVISOR: R. Hitzenberger
C. Trimmel
Elektrizitätsgewinnung aus Biomasse - Vergleich von Direktverfeuerung und Biogasgewinnung.

SUPERVISOR: K.W. Kratky
M. M. Steurer
Bestimmung der elektronischen Arbeitspunkte und der zugehörigen Impedanzen an neuralen Membranen.
Di e Untersuchung von Vorgängen im menschlichen
Gehirn und die Modellierung neuraler Prozesse kann auf mehreren Ebenen durchgeführt werden.
Diese Ebenen erstrecken sich von molekularen
Vorgängen über die elektrophysiologischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften von Neuronen und
Neuronengruppen bis zur Betrachtung psychologischer Effekte. In dieser Arbeit werden die verschiedenen Ebenen dargestellt. Es wird eine Einführung in die biologischen Grundlagen gegeben, die möglichen Modellierungen der elektronischen
Eigenschaften von Neuronen aufgezeigt und die grundlegenden elektrophysiologischen Methoden beschrieben. Diese Methoden werden anhand von
Experimenten mit Neuronen von der Weinbergschnecke (Helix pomatia) erläutert. Weiters wird ein
Einblick in die mathematische Modellierung neuronaler Prozesse, wie zum Beispiel Vesikel-

ausschüttung und Ionenkanalaktivität sowie in die
Simulation von Verbänden von Neuronen gegeben.

SUPERVISOR: G. Reischl
P. Kröpfl
Über die Eichung von Berner Niederdruck Impaktoren

SUPERVISOR: W. W. Szymanski
L. Hofer
Influence of non-homogeneity of aerosol droplets on their optical properties c. CURRENT PHD THESES

SUPERVISOR: R. Hitzenberger
H. Giebl
Wolkenkondensationskern e in der Atmosphäre und in Flugzeugemissionen

SUPERVISOR: H. Horvath
M. Gangl
Optische, mechanische und elektrische Eigenschaften von Aerosolen
O. Jovanovic
Photophoresis of stratospheric soot particles
P. Pesava
Turbulent (non turbulent) flow and deposition of aerosol particles on surfaces
H. Sauerzopf
Influence of light absorption on the input of solar energy
S. Seidl
Optische Parameter des atmosphärischen Aerosols

SUPERVISOR: K.W. Kratky
W. Gruber
Physikalische Beschreibung des menschlichen
Gehirns: Verbände von Neuronen
P. F. Hüttner
Zeitreihenentwicklung von metabolischen Systemen:
Analyse, Vorhersage, Steuerung
S. Ibrahim
Naturwissenschaftliche Grundlagen der medizinischen Systeme
H. G. Löw
Sauerstoff- und Energietransport in elektrisch geladenen Partikelsystemen turbider Medien. Anwendung in der Tumorbiophysik unter Verwendung photodynamischer und ultraschallinduzierter molekularer Interaktionen
I. Lucic
Der Einfluß unterschiedlicher Frequenzen auf biologische Systeme

SUPERVISOR: G. Reischl
Th. Wopelka
Einflüsse moderner Technologien auf die partikelförmigen Emissionen von Kraftfahrzeugen; mögliche
Auswirkungen auf die lokale Emissionssituation

SUPERVISOR: W. W. Szymanski
C. Laschober
Characterization of biopolymers with nano-aerosol techniques d. COMPLETED PHD THESES

SUPERVISOR: K.W. Kratky
A.
Schäfer
Lichttherapie mit Variation physikalischer Parameter.
Methoden: In dieser Arbeit werden die Auswirkungen von hellem Licht unterschiedlicher spektraler Zusammensetzung auf die Heart-Rate
Variablity (HRV) untersucht. In Experiment 1 wurden zwölf Versuchspersonen je 10 min mit rotem, grünem und blauem Leuchtstoffröhrenlicht von ca.
700
Lux bestrahlt und die HRV vor, während und nach der Beleuchtung gemessen. In Experiment 2 erhielten acht Personen über je 30 min eine Dosis von ca. 2300 Lux von tageslichtweißem und handelsüblichem neutralweißem Leuchtstoffröhrenlicht.
Untersucht wurden dabei nichtlineare sowie Time-
Domain- und Frequency-Domain-Variablen der
HRV. Die statistische Auswertung wurde anhand der Änderung dieser Parameter durch die
Beleuchtung im Vergleich zur vorherigen Dunkelheit durch geführt.
Ergebnisse: Die Detrended Fluctuation Analysis ergab ein Ansteigen des Selbstähnlichkeitsparameters
 bei rotem und grünem Licht und einen
Abfall bei blauem Licht. Da s neutralweiße Licht und insbesondere das Tageslichtspektrum führte tendenziell zu einem Rückgang der Extreme von 
zu führen. Der Puls-Atem-Quotient fiel bei rotem und grünem Licht ab, während das blaue und das tageslichtweiße Licht zu einer Annäherung an den für Entspannungszustände charakteristischen
Wert
4 führten. Diese Ergebnisse waren hochsignifikant. Die Resultate zeigen, daß die HRV innerhalb von Minuten durch helles Licht beeinflußt wird und dabei auch die Wirkung verschiedener
Spektren unterschieden werden kann.

SUPERVISOR: W. W. Szymanski
L. Wind
Experimental and theoretical assessment of multiple light scattering effects in aerosols.
In this thesis of multiple light scattering (MS) on transmittance measurements under various measurement conditions have been investigated.
For this purpose a newly developed expansion chamber was applied. By use of a specially designed optical detector system number concentrations and light fluxes of particles activated to condensational growth have been determined.
These data have been compared to reference data from a condensation nuclei counter as well as to calculations using numerical and theoretical approaches. The applied special detector, developed in the scope of this thesis, allowed for a continuous selection of field of view (0.9513°) and

aperture opening (1-40mm). First with this optical arrangement quantitative measurement of MS-light fluxes and determination of MS-effects was possible and allowed an unambiguous verification of numerical simulations. Theoretical, experimental and numerical approaches have been developed, analyzed and combined in a way to produce numerous quantitative and qualitative results comprising the effects of the detection system on the amount of detected multiple light scattering , the spacial light distribution as a function of the media properties, the influence of the various orders of multiple light scattering on the total contribution, the value of the optical depth as an indicator for multiple light scattering and the handling of multiple scattering in experimental practice. The results indicate that the optical depth relates well to MSeffects in general, but may fail to describe MS in cases of changing size parameter. The optical depth marking the onset of notable MS has been found to vary between typically 0.1 and 1, which is also a reasonable limit for the application of a sole single scattering correction. It has been shown that at small optical depths the MS-enhancement in measurements with a small field of view and aperture opening grows linearly with magnitude, and from the monodirectional scattering approach developed in scope of this thesis it follows that in the limit of very small detector apertures and fields of view the positions of the maxima of the n-the order of detected scattered light flux can be found also at optical depth equal n .

SUPERVISOR: P. E. Wagner
P. M. Winkler
Experimental study of condensation processes in systems of water and organic vapors employing an expansion chamber.
In this thesis heterogeneous nucleation in both, unary n-propanol and n-nonane vapors, and binary n-propanol - n-nonane vapor mixtures has been investigated. Monodisperse silver particles (Ag) with diameters ranging from 7 to 15 nm and monodisperse ammonium sulfate particles (AS) with diameters from 15 to 25 nm, both insoluble in npropanol and n-nonane, have been used as condensation nuclei. Generation of the particles was carried out by means of a tube furnace for the Ag particles and a collison atomizer for the AS particles and subsequent electrostatic classification applying a differential mobility analyzer (DMA). Well-defined vapor mixtures produced by means of a syringe pump were added to the aerosol. Vapor supersaturation necessary for activation of the particles was achieved by means of a process controlled expansion chamber. Investigation of heterogeneous
M I SC EL L AN E O U S
A. Berner
 Member of the Clean Air Commission, ÖAW.
M. Drosg
 Referent für Appl. Rad. Isot. and Nucl. Sci. Eng.
nucleation was performed applying the constantangle Mie scattering (CAMS)-method, which provides non-invasive, simultaneous determination of particle number concentration and droplet size.
Using different vapor mixtures and particles heterogeneous nucleation probability curves have been determined. From these curves onset vapor phase activities for each vapor compound have been determined, at which 50% of the particles are activated. For the pure vapors it has been found that experimentally determined onset supersaturations using Ag and AS particles are significantly below the
Kelvin curves of n-propanol and n-nonane, respectively. For binary vapor mixtures no pronounced mutual enhancement of the heterogeneous nucleation of n-propanol and nnonane was observed. The binary heterogeneous nucleation of n-propanol and n-nonane on the particles considered has been demonstrated to be independent of particle composition and size.
Furthermore, measurements for the determination of mass and thermal accommodation coefficients
 m and
 t
of water vapor have been carried out covering a temperature range from about 250 to 290
K. For the first time, both coefficients have been determined directly and simultaneously. To this end, monodisperse Ag particles of 9 nm in diameter have been used as condensation nuclei and were mixed with a well-defined amount of pure water vapor. For humidification a diffusion humidifier was used.
Supersaturation was again achieved by means of the expansion chamber and droplet growth was monitored by means of the CAMS-method. For determination of the accommodation coefficients experimental droplet growth curves were compared to corresponding theoretical droplet growth curves.
A 2-parameter fit was performed by varying the corresponding accommodation coefficient and the starting time of droplet growth such that the resulting theoretical growth curve was fitting best to the experimental data points. Considering experimental uncertainties in the determination of water vapor supersaturation and the uncertainty with respect to the starting time of droplet growth corresponding maximum errors have been determined. From the obtained results it can be stated that
 t
is larger than 0.85 over the whole temperature range considered. For temperatures from 250 to 270 K values of
 m
below 0.8 are excluded, for higher temperatures up to 290 K
 m
is always larger than 0.4. Both coefficients are likely to be unity for all studied conditions. This enables accurate predictions of the formation and growth of cloud droplets required in order to correctly parameterize cloud light scattering/absorption and precipitation properties in climate models.

Projektbegutachter.
W. Gruber
 Rechnungsprüfer der Biophysikalischen Gesellschaft Österreichs.

 Gutachter für das Technische Museum Wien für de n Bereich „Technik im Alltag“.
 Mitglied des Planungskomitees der ÖPG für das
Jahr der Physik.
R. Hitzenberger

Chair of the Mangement Committee of COST action 633 “Particulate Matter – properties related to health effects”.

National representative, COST 633.

Member of the Committee on Nucleation and
Atmospheric Aerosols (International Commission on Clouds and Precipitation, IUGG).
 Member, Fakultätskonferenz, Fakultät für Physik
 Member, Studienkonferenz, Fakultät für Physik.

Vice President, Gesellschaft f ür Aerosolforschung GAeF e. V.

Member, Scientific Steering Committee ESF project INTROP.

National Coordinator INTROP for Austria.

Reviewer for: Atmospheric Environment;
Environmental Science and Technology; Aerosol
Science and Technology, Meteorologische Zeitschrift, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,
Acta Chimica Slovenia, J. Environmental
Monitoring.

Program Chair, Carbonaceous Particles Conference, Vienna, Sept. 2004.

Co editor, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,
Special Issue on Carbonacelous Particles in the
Atmosphere.
H. Horvath

Associate Editor, Atmospheric Environment,
Editorial Board, Journal of Aerosol Research

President of the Austrian Society for Biophysics until April 2004.

Austrian Ministry of Defence, Chair of the Scientific Advisory Board for Natural Sciences and
Technology. 1993 - present .

Chairman: International Aerosol Research
Assembly Fellow Award Committee.
 Member of the Clean Air Commission, ÖAW.

President of Association for Aerosol research
September 2004 - present.
K.W. Kratky

Member of the Scientific Board of the Journals
'Systeme' and 'Research in Complementary and
Classical Natural Medicine' and of the Viennese
International Academy of Complementary
Medicine as well as the Institute of Ethno-music
Therapy, Schloß Rosenau, Austria.

Fellow of the International Institute for Advanced
Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics,
Windsor, Ontario, Canada.

Member of the Board of Governors of the
Scientific Society 'Dynamics – Complexity –
Human Systems'.

Lecturer at the Inter-University Master Course for Complementary, Psycho-social and Integrative Health Care, Graz, Austria.

Lecturer at the International Pilot Course for
Oriental Music Therapy, Schloß Rosenau and
Vienna.

Chairman at the Symposium 'Comparative and
Integrative Medicine' (16 th International Conference on System Research, Informatics &
Cybernetics, Baden-Baden), Aug 29-30, 2004.
O. Preining

Delegate of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at
EURO-CASE.
G. P. Reischl

Chemisch-Physikalische Gesellschaft, Scientific
Secretary.
W. W. Szymanski

Member of the Technical Committee "Air
Quality" at the Austrian Standards Institute.

Reviewer for various scientific journals and publishers.

Member of the International Advisory Committee for the European Aerosol Conference 2004,
Budapest, Hungary.

Member of the Editorial Board of Journal for Air
Quality and Control.

Co-organisation and lecturing in the scope of the
Science Week 2004 .

Member of the Editorial Board
– Aerosol and Air
Quality Research.

Visiting Professor, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok,
Thailand, September 2004.
P. E. Wagner

Honorary Member: Committee on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols (CNAA); International
Commission on Clouds and Precipitation (ICCP);
International Union of Geophysics and Geodesy
(IUGG).

Chair: Review Committee for Natural Sciences,
Delegate of University of Vienna, Kuratorium der
Hochschuljubiläumsstiftung der Stadt Wien.

Member, Fellow Award Committee, International
Aerosol Research Assembly (IARA).

Member, International Advisory Board, 16 th
International Conference on Nucleation and
Atmospheric Aerosols, Nucleation Symposium
2004, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, 2004.

Member, International Editorial Committee, 7 th
International Congress on Optical Particle
Characterization, Doshisha University, Kyoto,
Japan, 2004.

Member, International Advisory Committee, 4 th
Asian Aerosol Conference, Mumbai, India, 2005.
Host: Indian Aerosol Science and Technology
Association (IASTA).

General Co-Chair, 17 th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols,
Nucleation Symposium 2007, University of
Galway, Galway, Ireland, 2007.

Visiting Professor, Department of Physical
Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki,
Finnland, September, October 2004. Course of l ectures entitled “Nucleation, Condensation and
Coagulation”, 3st.