-1-
The tier2 Nodes
Candidate
Power
Communication
Existing
network
middleware services
Stargate
<500 mA
500mA at 6V= 3W
Shutdown and mote
based wakeup
802.11a/b
Ethernet Port
RS-232 Serial
Port
Bluetooth
iPAQs.
900-mAH
Lithium-Ion
battery, 8 hrs [1]
246.4 mW [133 MHz, 1.3
V]
387.3 mW [206 MHz, 1.5
V]
Inhand
As low as 350mW
or
Programming tools
Operating
system
Processor
Additional Drivers in source
code with instructions on how
to build and install them; 51-pin
Expansion Connectorfor
MICA2 Motes and other
Peripherals
GNU Cross Platform
Development Tools.
Shareware & Test
Applications
A Linux Board Support
Package and File System.
A Flash Programmer
Utility for programming
the Flash ROM.
Linux
400MHz, Intel PXA255
Processor
64 MB SDRAM 32 MB
FLASH
Intel SA1111,
StrongARM
Bluetooth
wireless:10m
802.11b: 30-70
m
indoors/70-800
m outdoors
MoteNIC interface: UCLA
arm-linux-gcc compiler [2]
Microsoft®
Pocket
PC
2003[1] or
FAMILIAR
Linux
version
[2]
Samsung S3C2410[1]
MIPS :235 [2]
MHz: 206 [2]
Onboard GPS
and
Bluetooth are
optional
Power management
BatterySmart
BatterySmart system
software allows developers
to create extremely small,
robust, low power wireless
devices.
Inhand provides
Windows®
CE.NET and
Linux
Intel's PXA 255 XScale
CPU
16-32 MB, Intel Strata
flash with bootloader and
on-board programming
32-64 MB with
-2-
development platforms,
3D solid models &
drawings, SDKs, and
prototype packaging
self-refresh
BitsyX
5V or 6-16V input
<1.5W in operation
CPU idle: 900mW
Sleep:28mW at 6.5V
Power management
The Bitsy Plus with
“ADSmartPower”
ADS systems are shipped
with GNU/Linux installed,
ready to boot when
powered up. Full kernel
and driver source code is
available to adapt your
kernel to your specific
needs when necessary.
Applications are built with
GNU cross compilers
running on your
GNU/Linux PC.
Windows CE
Linux
others (W.I.P)
Intel's PXA255 RISC
microprocessorProgram
Frame Buffer SDRAM to
64 Mbytes
Flash Memory to 64
(Synchronous) Mbytes
(32 asynchronous)
128 Kbytes of EPROM as
a boot device
Bitsy
<450 mW @ 2.0V/206
MHz
Power management
The Bitsy Plus with
“ADSmartPower”
Same as above
Windows CE 3.0
or CE.NET
32-bit Digital
StrongARM SA-1110
RISC processor
Linux
VxWorks
QNX
Supports
JAVA™ with a
RTOS
235 (Dhrystone 2.1)
MIPS @ 206 MHz
-3-
IntrinsycC
erfcube
µPDA
+5V DC, 3A.
Integrated
Bluetooth,
GSM/GPRS and
IrDA in a single
mobile device.
Easily
expandable to
support WiFi.
Ethernet
Power Management Support
Intrinsyc µPhone software for
Voice Dialling and wireless
data services.
Network utilities such as Ping
Winsock support
Embedded Visual C++ 4.0
software development kit
(SDK) for the µPDA
Monocle Diagnostic
Software
CE .NET or
Linux
Past: StrongARM
SA1110 processor
Now using Intel PXA250
PXA255 XScale
processor.
64 MB SDRAM (100
MHz), 16 or 32 MB
Intel® StrataFlash®, 16
or 32 MB NAND Flash.
Medusa
MK-2
Node
400-1000mw
TR1000 radio
from RF
Monolithics
2.4kbps to
115kbps.
100m
It has an on board MEMS
accelerometer for detecting
vibrations
Compiler: CVAVR
(possible port to
AVR-GCC)
The
OS
is
Pseudo-real-time,
Application-specific,
Light-weight
Operating
System
PALOS ( Power
Aware
Light-weight
Operating
System)
consists of two
microcontroller
one is ATMega128L
The second one is a
16/32-bit AT91FR4081
ARM THUMB
processor
40MHz
136KB RAM
1MB FLASH
Based on tinyOS
ARM core
12MHZ
64kB SRAM 512kB
FLASH
The following motes have less computation power than above. Maybe they can be considered in Tier1.
Intel motes
Battery life (projected) at
1% duty cycle e
>1 month with coin cells
>6 months with AA cells
Bluetooth
radio:>30m
The software stack includes an
Intel Mote-specific layer with
Bluetooth*
support
and
platform device drivers, as well
Based on tinyOS
-4-
as a network layer for topology
establishment and single /
multi-hop routing. The software
will also incorporates security
features,
including
authentication and encryption in
the near future.
MANTIS
1.8 to 5.5V
Chipcon
CC1000 radio;
up to 76.8 kb
up to 200m in an
obstacle
free
environment
MANTIS
supports
true
networked
emulation
of
physical MOS nodes as virtual
MOS nodes. It also provides
seamless bridging between a
network of virtual MOS nodes
and a network of active physical
MOS nodes. Virtual MOS
nodes are modeled as x86
processes.
µAMPS-II
The
overall
power
consumption is below 100
µW, excluding the power
amplifier
Transmit
rate
from virtual zero
to 1 Mbps, with
a range from 10
m to 1 km
A protocol processor is used to
offload
packet
handling
functions and supports efficient
communication
power
management functionalities
iBadge
Li-Ion
• Voltage: 3.6V
• Capacity: 700mAh (=
9kJ)
Bluetooth
wireless:10m-30
m
1Mb/s
C cross-platform API
a
remote
shell
for
debugging and logging in
to MOS nodes, a RF-based
fine
grain
dynamic
reprogramming
MOS
Atmel ATmega128(L)
microcontroller unit
(MCU)
4kB EEPROM
64kB EEPROM
Low-power AVR® 8-bit
Microcontroller
Up
to
16
MIPS
Throughput at 16 MHz
Energy-scalable
micro-power DSP at 10
MIPS
AVR-SW development on
Atmel Compiler,testing /
debugging over RS232
DSP-SW development
Palos
ATMEGA 103L
- 128kB Flash, 4kB
SRAM, 4kB EEPROM
- 4MHz Clock, 32kHz
-5-
• Approx. battery life,
when
everything is on all the
time: 3.5h
• estimated battery life for
normal
operation: 5.4h
GNOMES
10 hours-two AA NiMH
with TI
Code Composer Studio,
testing / debugging over
JTAG interface
Bluetooth or
900MHz Radio
[1]
iPAQ Pocket PC h1930 and h1940
[2]
the iPAQ H3600 UCLA uses
Software drivers and common
APIs. A partial implementation
of a Bluetooth stack to allow for
device
discovery
and
connection
establishment;
NMEA string parsing to better
manage data from the GPS
module for user applications;
II_C driver to communicate
with the on-board EEPROM; an
intuitive interface to control the
AD
converter
power
management
Both the drivers and the
operating system were
developed in a mixture of
C and assembly on the
“IAR
Embedded
Workbench” from IAR
systems,
a
Texas
Instruments
third-party
company, which offers
both
and
embedded
development as well as
debugging environments.
timer
DSP TMS320VC5416
- 64kB DA RAM, 64kB
SA RAM,
- 8MHz ext. clock, up to
160MHz internal clock
(PLL)
GNOMES
operating system
16-bit MPS430
microcontroller from
Texas Instruments.
60KBytes of Code
Memory, 2KBytes of
Data Memory
Motes: 15 mW [ATMEGA128L, 4 MHz, 3 V]
iPAQs: SA-1110 has advanced power-management logic. The processor has multiple sleep and idle states and also supports dynamic voltage scaling.
Bluetooth:The current Bluetooth technology provides for data transfer at a rate of 1Mbps, with a personal area range of up to 10m in client-to-client open air (5m in a building). In terms of
client-to-access point, the current range is 100m in the open air and 30m in buildings.
-6-
References
1． Savvides and M. B. Srivastava, “A Distributed Computation Platform for Wireless Embedded Sensing”, Proceedings of International Conference on Computer
Design (ICCD), Freiburg, Germany, September 2002
2． http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/projects/ibadge/docs/publications/iBadgeV1.0x.pdf
3． http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/projects/ibadge/software.htm
4． http://cmc.rice.edu/docs/docs/Wel2003May5GNOMESATe.pdf
5． http://www.applieddata.net/products_bitsyX.asp
6． http://www.inhandelectronics.com/fingertip.asp
7． http://www.intrinsyc.com/pdfs/productsheets/spec_microPDAWeb.pdf
8． http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/courses/ee202a/2003f/lectures/GP03_Vijay.ppt
9． http://www.xbow.com/Products/Product_pdf_files/Wireless_pdf/6020-0049-01_A_STARGATE.pdf
10． http://lecs.cs.ucla.edu/~jelson/stargate/docs/Stargate Users Manual-P.pdf
11． http://webs.cs.berkeley.edu/retreat-1-03/slides/imote-nest-q103-03-dist.pdf
12． http://mantis.cs.colorado.edu/research.php
13．http://www-mtl.mit.edu/research/icsystems/uamps/uAMPS-2
14． http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/projects/ahlos/hardware.htm
Edited by Hui Cao
caohu@cis.ohio-state.edu