UNIT 1
DERIVATIVES
STAGE 6
WORD
WC
DEFINITION
LATIN
MEANING
celerity
________________________________________________________________________________
company
________________________________________________________________________________
fidelity
________________________________________________________________________________
fortify
________________________________________________________________________________
furtive
________________________________________________________________________________
peninsula
________________________________________________________________________________
pugnacious
________________________________________________________________________________
serpentine
________________________________________________________________________________
sorority
________________________________________________________________________________
taciturn
STAGE 6
VOCABULARY
NOUNS
ADVERBS
M
farmer
celeriter
swiftly
f
fight
facile
easily
i
m
freedman
igitur
therefore
furis
c
thief
ita
thus; in this way
infantis c
baby, small child laete
happily
panis m bread
numquam
never
pistor m baker
nunc
now
sororis f
sister
olim
once, formerly
serpentis c serpent, snake
paene
almost
ADJECTIVES
statim
immediately, at once
fidelis,-is, -e
faithful, loyal
tacite
silently
fortis, -is,-e
brave, strong
tum
then
maximus,a,um
largest, greatest
CONJUNCTIONS
parvus,a,um
small
postquam
after, afterwards
tuus,a,um
your
ubi
where, when
VERBS
do,dare, dedi, datum –
to give
neco –are, -avi, atum
to kill
excito, -are, -avi, -atum
to awaken
paro -are, -avi, -atum
to prepare
festino, -are, -avi, -atum to hurry
porto -are, -avi, -atum to carry
habito, -are, -avi, -atum to live in
pugno, -are,avi, atum
to fight
lacrimo, -are, -avi, -atum to weep
pulso, -are, -avi, -atum to knock, strike
libero, -are, -avi, -atum to free
rogo, -are, -avi, -atum
to ask
narro, -are, -avi, -atum
to tell
servo, -are, -avi, -atum to save
sto, stare, steti, statum to stand
supero, -are, -avi, atum
agricola
pugna
libertus
fur
infans
panis
pistor
soror
serpens
ae
ae
IInd
IIIrd
habeo, -ere, habui, habitum to have
emo, -ere, emi, emptum
iaceo, -ere, iacui, ----- to rest, lie down
vendo, -ere, vendidi, venditum to sell
to buy
timeo, -ere, timui,---- to fear
III “io”
capio, -ere, cepi, captum to take, seize
IVth
custodio, -ire, -ivi, -itum
to guard
IRREGULAR
sum, esse, fui, futurum - to be
IDIOMATIC EXPRESSION
gratias tibi ago - Thank you!
DECLENSION REVIEW
declension of noun____
declension of adj. ____
nauta parvus
_______________________
_________________________
declension of noun____
declension of adj. ____
negotium tuum
____________________ _______________________
_____________________
_________________________
____________________ _______________________
_____________________
________________________
____________________ _______________________
_____________________
________________________
____________________ _______________________
_____________________
_________________________
declension of noun____
declension of adj. ____
declension of noun____
declension of adj. ____
fur maximus
_______________________
_________________________
soror optima
____________________ _______________________
_____________________
_________________________
____________________ _______________________
_____________________
_________________________
____________________ _______________________
_____________________
_________________________
____________________ _______________________
_____________________
_________________________
STAGE 6
IMPERFECT TENSE
Tense: the time an action takes place
Present tense: used for things happening NOW: “I see you (now.)” “You are walking (now.)”
Past tenses: used for things that happened in the past.
**There are several different types of past tenses!
We start with the easiest one, the imperfect
Example
ad forum ambulābāmus.
We were walking to the forum (when all of a sudden….)
We used to walk to the forum (every day, rarely, etc)
The Imperfect tense is used to talk about actions that were repeated or habitual, or that were
happening for a continuous period of time.
In English, we use the helping verbs “was” or “were” plus the verb ending in “-ing” OR “used to”
In Latin, you just put the tense marker
habitā + bā + -m
-s
-t
-mus
-tis
=
-nt
-bā- or -ēbā- between the verb stem and ending
habitābam I was living
habitābās you were living
habitābat he was living
habitābāmus we were living
habitābātis y’all were living
habitābant
they were living
-bā- is used with 1st and 2nd conjugation verbs (stem that ends in ā or ē)
-ēbā- is used with 3rd and 4th conjugation verbs (stem that ends in consonant, -i, or -ī)
Try to translate the following:
vendēbātis_________________________
iacēbant__________________________
custodiēbāmus_____________________
timēbam__________________________
rogabās__________________________
capiēbat__________________________
stābam__________________________
dabātis__________________________
laudābam__________________________
vidēbamus________________________
scribēbāmus________________________ faciēbant________________________
she was coming_____________________
you (pl) were hearing_______________
we used to laugh____________________
he had__________________________
Imperfect Tense: Verb of Being
What is the tense marker for the imperfect? __________________
Is the verb of being a regular or irregular verb? ________________
This his how you conjugate the verb of being in the imperfect
eram I was
erāmus
we were
erās
you were
erātis
you all were
erat
he was
erant
they were
These forms are super common! They give background information about an
event.
Translate:
Caecilius argentarius erat.
In Italiā erāmus.
tū in cubiculō erās.
Roma magna erat.
barbarī fortēs erant.
Translate
sunt
erās
erāmus
sumus
erant
they were
erat
you guys used to be
es
he is
I used to be
I am
We were
erātis
you are
sunt
he is
er
PUGNA
Answer the Latin questions in ENGLISH!
1. Quid servi et ancillae in foro faciebant?
2. Quid Graecus mercator faciebat?
3. Quid agricola fecit? Cur?
4. Quid Pompeiani faciebant?
5. Quis superavit quem?
6. List four prepositional phrases with different prepositions.
7. Find one IMPERFECT tense verb of being. ___________________________
8. Find 1 noun/adjective agreement in Nominative Case (there are 2)
__________________________ and 1 Accusative Case_______________________
Decline this noun/adjective
serpens parvus
NOM___________________________ ___________________________
GEN___________________________ ___________________________
DAT___________________________ ___________________________
ACC___________________________ ___________________________
ABL___________________________ ___________________________
On the page opposite of this paper, conjugate:
DUCO
in present, imperfect, and perfect tenses and then translate!!!
STAGE 6
FELIX
Answer the Latin questions in ENGLISH!
1. Ubi intravit Clemens in foro?_______________________________________________
2. Quem videt Clemens in taberna?____________________________________________
3. Quis erat Felix?_________________________________________________________
4. “Felix erat valde commotus” - Quando? (When?)_____________________________
5. Ubi est Grumio? Quid facit?_______________________________________________
VERB OF BEING
PRESENT
SUM
SUMUS
ES
ESTIS
EST
SUNT
IMPERFECT
ERAM
ERAS
ERAT
ERAMUS
ERATIS
ERANT
Study the conjugation of the VOB and write out both tenses 2X.
QQ next class.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------FELIX ET FUR
1. Cur erat Felix solus in villa?_______________________________________________________
2. Quis erat in villa cum Felice?______________________________________________________
3. Quis venit ad villam? Cur? _______________________________________________________
4. Quid infans fecit?______________________________________________________
5. Quid Felix fecit?________________________________________________________________
6. Quis erat infans?________________________________________________________________
7. Qui erant dominus et domina?_____________________________________________________
8. Write out lines 9-18 in English:
STAGE 6
SLAVERY/MANUMISSION
p. 97-100 You may use the back of this paper to complete explanations.
1. List 6 limitations placed on slaves:
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
2. How did the law regard slaves?___________________________________________________
3. Describe their living arrangements.________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. How did a human being become a slave?____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. A Senator puts forth a plan in the time of Augustus to have the slaves dress in a distinctive
manner. Explain why you think this is a good plan or a poor plan.__________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. What happened to the 400 slaves of Pedanius Secundus?_______________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. List 5 ways slaves could be used in the country. ______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
8. Explain why you would prefer to be a slave in the city.
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
9. Give some reasons why a slave could be set free. ______________________________
______________________________
_______________________________
10. What is manumissio?________________________________________________________
11. Explain three methods of manumissio___________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
12. Name 2 privileges of citizenship that a freedman never received.
______________________________
_______________________________
13. List some occupations of known freedmen:
STAGE 6
QUO VADIS
IMPERATIVE MOOD/COMMANDS
VERBS
Some commands are gentle, i.e., “Mother, read me a story.” Other commands are strong, “Go to
bed!”
Think of 3 gentle and 3 strong commands. Write them on the back of this paper.
Imperatives (commands) in English remain the same for the singular and plural because the
subject is implied “you.” Check the examples you wrote. Do you have to change them to show
singular/plural?
Other languages, however, DO differentiate between singular and plural just as they differentiate
in the 2nd sing. and 2nd plural verb forms, E.G., es
estis. Both mean “you are” in English.
In Latin IMPERATIVES are easy to form in both singular and plural.
Use the 2nd principal part, the infinitive, as the base. Examine these examples:
conjugation
infinitive
singular imperative
plural imperative
I
portare
porta
portate
_______________
II
tenere
tene
tenete
_______________
III
emere
eme
emite
_______________
III “IO” capere
IV
cape
audire
capite
audi
translation
_______________
audite
________________
Explain how all singular imperatives are formed.
________________________________________________________________________________
Explain how the plural imperatives of the Ist, IInd, and IVth conjugations are formed.
________________________________________________________________________________
Form the singular and plural of these verbs: translate:
singular
plural
translate
festinare
___________________________________________________________________
timere
____________________________________________________________________
vendere
____________________________________________________________________
capere
____________________________________________________________________
custodire
__________________________________________________________________
lacrimare
__________________________________________________________________
dormire
___________________________________________________________________
iacere
__________________________________________________________________
contendere
__________________________________________________________________
quaerere
____________________________________________________________________
videre
____________________________________________________________________
STAGE 6
MORE IMPERATIVES
singular
venire
plural
translation
___________________________________________________________________
cantare
___________________________________________________________________
scribere
___________________________________________________________________
respondere
____________________________________________________________________
surgere
____________________________________________________________________
narrare
___________________________________________________________________
liberare
____________________________________________________________________
tradere
___________________________________________________________________
audire
____________________________________________________________________
4 IRREGULAR IMPERATIVES
infinitive
singular imperative
plural imperative
dicere
dic!
dicite!
ducere
duc!
ducite!
translation
Say! Speak! Tell!
Lead!
facere
fac!
facite!
ferre
fer!
ferte!
Do! Make!
Bring! Bear! Carry!
Write these irregular imperatives out 3x and memorize them. QUIZ: 26 verbs to form imperatives!
Change these singular imperatives to the plural form and translate the new sentence.
1. tene canem meam! _________
________________________________________________
2. sta in viam! _______________
_______________________________________________
3. gusta cibum meam! ___________ ________________________________________________
4. duc me ad forum! ____________ ________________________________________________
5. fer aquam ad villam! __________ ________________________________________________
6. narra fabulas!
___________ _______________________________________________
7. fac cenam!
___________ _________________________________________________
8. eme panem bonum! ____________________________________________________________
9. libera servos!
___________ ________________________________________________
10. neca pestes!
___________ _______________________________________________
11. excita pistores!
____________ _______________________________________________
12. serva sorores!
____________ _________________________________________________
13. pulsa serpentes! ____________ _________________________________________________
STAGE 6
VOCATIVES/NOUNS
QUO VADIS
NOUNS
We are now going to learn that 6th case that is located on our USES OF THE CASES QUO VADIS
SHEET. It is called the VOCATIVE CASE.
The vocative case is the case of direct address—we
speak directly to someone. We frequently use the person’s name to address them, e.g., Mary,
come here.
The vocative case is easy because the vocative case looks just like the nominative case in both
singular and plural----except for 2 places, 2nd masculine -us ending nouns and –2nd masculine ius ending nouns, singular only. The plurals are identical to the nominative plurals.
EXAMPLES:
nominative
vocative
nominative
vocative
Rufus
amicus
Rufe
amice
Herminius
filius
Hermini
fili
CONVERT THESE NOMINATIVES TO VOCATIVES:
servus ______________________________ argentarius _____________________________
Vincentius____________________________
coquus _____________________________
puer _________________________________
venalicius _____________________________
Otto _________________________________
mater _________________________________
Anna ________________________________
dominus ______________________________
pastor ________________________________
nuntius_______________________________
List the nouns that have vocatives different from their nominative singulars.
________________________________________________________________________________
Now, let’s translate some sentences. The only thing you have to remember is that Latin does
NOT usually begin the sentence with a vocative word.
Mother, tell a story
narra, mater, fabulam!
BUT
Slave, bring water!
fer, serve, aquam!
1. Friend, hurry! __________________________________________________________
2. Sister, save the baby! ______________________________________________________
3. Slave dealer, lead the handmaidens! __________________________________________
4. Master, sell the country house! ______________________________________________
5. Father seize the thief! ___________________________________________________
6. Farmer, buy the doves! ____________________________________________________
7. Bakers, bring the bread to the forum! ________________________________________
QQ
REVIEW FOR TEST on STAGE 6
1.
2.
3.
4.
Sententiae Antiquae
Derivatives
Vocabulary
Imperatives : form the singular and plural commands as required
parare (s)______________________________
tenere (pl) ____________________________
scribere (pl)_______________________________ facere (s) ______________________________
venire (s) _______________________________
ducere (pl) _____________________________
5. Insert the correct IMPERATIVE (s. or pl.) based on the VOCATIVE given:
a. (narrare)
Mater, ___________________fabulam. _________________________________
b. (tenere)
Infans, panem_______________________________!
c. (emere)
_______________________cibum nunc, agricolae! __________________________
d. (facere)
panem__________________, pistor! _______________________________
6. The PRESENT tense tells us what’s going on__________________________.
The IMPERFECT tense shows______________________time.
The PERFECT tense shows ______________________time.
Explain the difference between IMPERFECT and PERFECT tenses:
_____________________________________________________________________________
7. On the opposite side of the page, conjugate and translate facio in the present tense
venio in the imperfect tense
iaceo in the perfect tense
8. Translate these forms into English:
pugno_______________________________
habebat_______________________________
necaverunt_______________________________ emite _______________________________
custodiebam_______________________________ vendidistis_____________________________
fecit_______________________________
dedisti_______________________________
you (s) used to fear________________________
hurried__________________________
she has
bring! (pl) _______________________________
he was resting__________________________
9. Noun/Adjective Agreement:
infans parva GEN S. ___________________________ GEN PL. ________________________
pistor maximus DAT S. ________________________ DAT PL. ________________________
forum magnum ACC S. __________________________ ACC PL. ________________________
serpens iratus ABL S. ____________________________
ABL PL. ________________________
10. Prepositional Phrases: translate:
in viam________________ per theatrum____________________ cum patre__________________