UNIVERSITY SCIENCE MALAYSIA
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
ACADEMIC YEAR 2008/2009
2nd SEMESTER
QMT 323E
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF WEB BASED INSTRUCTION
ASSIGNMENT
“Web 2.0”
Name:
MOHD AIRULAZLAN BIN BAHRI
Matric:
83899
IC Number: 850112-01-5583
Lecturer: PROF. DR. ROZINAH JAMALUDIN
Tutorial Slot: WEDNESDAY (4pm-5pm)
Course: BE.d TESOL
WHAT IS WEB 2.0?
The term "Web 2.0" refers to a perceived second generation of web development and design, that
aims to facilitate communication, secure information sharing, interoperability, and collaboration on the World
Wide Web. Web 2.0 concepts have led to the development and evolution of web-based communities, hosted
services, and applications such as social-networking sites, video-sharing sites, wikis, blogs, and folksonomy
(tagging). The term was first used by Dale Dougherty and Craig Cline and shortly after became notable after
the O'Reilly Media Web 2.0 conference in 2004. Although the term suggests a new version of the World Wide
Web, it does not refer to an update to any technical specifications, but rather to changes in the ways software
developers and end-users utilize the Web. According to Tim O'Reilly:
“Web 2.0 is the business revolution in the computer industry caused by the move to the
Internet as a platform, and an attempt to understand the rules for success on that new
platform”
Furthermore, O'Reilly has said that the "2.0" itself refers to the historical context of web businesses
"coming back" after the 2001 collapse of the dot-com bubble, in addition to the distinguishing characteristics
of the projects that survived the bust or thrived thereafter. Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web,
has questioned whether one can use the term in any meaningful way, since many of the technological
components of Web 2.0 have existed since the early days of the Web.
Web 2.0 websites allow users to do more than just retrieve information. They can build on the
interactive facilities of "Web 1.0" to provide "Network as platform" computing, allowing users to run softwareapplications entirely through a browser. Users can own the data on a Web 2.0 site and exercise control over
that data. These sites may have an "Architecture of participation" that encourages users to add value to the
application as they use it. This stands in contrast to traditional websites, the sort that limited visitors to
viewing and whose content only the site's owner could modify. Web 2.0 sites often feature a rich, user-friendly
interface based on Ajax and similar client-side interactivity frameworks, or full client-server application
frameworks such as Open Laszlo, Flex, and the ZK framework.
The concept of Web as participation platform captures many of these characteristics. Bart Decrem, a
founder and former CEO of Flock, calls Web 2.0 the "participatory Web" and regards the Web as information
source as Web 1.0. The impossibility of excluding group-members who don’t contribute to the provision of
goods from sharing profits gives rise to the possibility that rational members will prefer to withhold their
contribution of effort and free-ride on the contribution of others. The characteristics of Web 2.0 are rich user
experience, user participation, dynamic content, metadata, web standards and scalability. Further
characteristics, such as openness, freedom and collective intelligence by way of user participation, can also be
viewed as essential attributes of Web 2.0
The Web 2.0 had a criteria such as has a web application that function as an application on the
computers. Therefore, Web 2.0 can be launch directly on the web browser without any software installation
on the computers such as the JavaScript application, java Applets, and other. We can watch this application in
real-time on web site such as YouTube and iTunes.
Furthermore, Web 2.0 also a user-generated content (Interactivity). This application let the viewers or
server left their comment, wrote an article in a blogs, forums, Friendster, MySpace and many more. This is
different with Web 1.0 where the viewer can only serve and view the content of the webs. In the Web 2.0, the
surfer is the subscriber and at the same times also a contributor. Then Web 2.0 also enables the surfer to get
in touch with others. Platform that can be used as a examples such as Friendster and also MySpace. This
situation enables the surfer to add-a friend around the world that uses the same Web 2.0 product. Other than
that, it also enables the surfer to fill in their personal details and view others personal information too.
The use of RSS feed and RSS reader in the Web site and blogs enables the surfer to get instants
information about the site they surf. Furthermore the surfer will not have to type in the URL every time they
want to log in to the blogs when the owner updated the blogs frequently. The Web 2.0 also use an Open
Source (OS) either in its entirety or half-OS such as the script on wordpress.org, wiki, Mozilla, source forge and
many more. Then, the use of folksonomy such as tagging, tag clouds and many more give the categories
toward the webpage, links and photos.
The Web 2.0 also a user-friendly interface compared with the Web 1.0. This is because Web 2.0 is
easy to be use cause build in with a WYSIWYG that is “What you see is what you get”. This can be seen on
Friendster itself. Even the beginner user can easily build in a Friendster account easily. Furthermore, Web 2.0
also builds in with a clean layout that easy to be navigated and not so complicated. This situation can be sum
up like the flow below:

WEB SURFERS

VIEW RSS READER

SURFING WEBS

VIEW/READ

COMMENT/POSTING/EDITING/UPLOADING

VIEW/READ OTHERS COMMENT

LEAVE THE WEB SITE

CLOSE BROWSER
However, the list that been discussed above was not the full list of Web 2.0 because the term of web
2.0 itself still lack of expert explanations. This is because the expert themselves cannot described the actual
characteristic of Web 2.0 when the term is so wide to explore and furthermore the characteristics of it did not
exist at the same time but taking quite some time to evolved. Furthermore, although the Web 2.0 started
being used on 2004, some of the characteristic of the Web 2.0 had existed and some of it had existed before
the term of Web 2.0 it not exists anymore.
The evolution of new applications on the internet is widely grown and mostly the new applications
will be stuffed as Web 2.0. This cause the Web 2.0 illegally used especially on web marketing, to define the
new “term” in the internet although it does not have the characteristic of Web 2.0 at all. Sometimes the new
web site that been categorized ad Web 2.0 still have the characteristic of Web 1.0. The complex and
continually evolving technology infrastructure of Web 2.0 includes server-software, content-syndication,
messaging-protocols, standards-oriented browsers with plug-in and extensions, and various clientapplications. The differing, yet complementary approaches of such elements provide Web 2.0 sites with
information-storage, creation, and dissemination challenges and capabilities that go beyond what the public
formerly expected in the environment of the so-called "Web 1.0".
Web 2.0 websites typically include some of the following features or techniques. Andrew McAfee
used the acronym SLATES to refer to them:

Search - The easiness of finding information through keyword search which makes the platform
valuable.

Links - Guide to important pieces of information. The best pages are the most frequently linked to.

Authoring - The ability to create constantly updating content over a platform that is shifted from
being the creation of a few to being the constantly updated, interlinked work. In wikis for example, the
content is iterative in the sense that the people undo and redo each other's work. In blogs, content is
cumulative in that posts and comments of individuals are accumulated over time.

Tags - Categorization of content by creating tags that are simple, one-word descriptions to facilitate
searching and avoid rigid, pre-made categories.

Extensions - Automation of some of the work and pattern matching by using algorithms e.g.
amazon.com recommendations.

Signals - The use of RSS (Really Simple Syndication) technology to notify users with any changes of the
content by sending e-mails to them.
Furthermore Web 2.0 also have its own design pattern that differentiate the Web 2.0 with Web 1.0.
Below are some of the criteria or design patterns that mostly a Web 2.0 had such as:

The Long Tail
o
Small sites make up the bulk of the internet's content; narrow niches make up the bulk of
internet's the possible applications. Therefore user can reach out to the entire web, to the
edges and not just the centre, to the long tail and not just the head.

Data is the Next Intel Inside
o
Applications are increasingly data-driven. Furthermore for competitive advantage, seek to
own a unique, hard-to-recreate source of data.

Users Add Value
o
The key to competitive advantage in internet applications is the extent to which users add
their own data to that which you provide. Therefore don't restrict your "architecture of
participation" to software development. Involve your users both implicitly and explicitly in
adding value to your application.

Network Effects by Default
o
Only a small percentage of users will go to the trouble of adding value to your application.
Therefore: Set inclusive defaults for aggregating user data as a side-effect of their use of the
application.

Some Rights Reserved.
o
Intellectual property protection limits re-use and prevents experimentation. Therefore: When
benefits come from collective adoption, not private restriction, make sure that barriers to
adoption are low. Follow existing standards, and use licenses with as few restrictions as
possible.

The Perpetual Beta
o
When devices and programs are connected to the internet, applications are no longer
software artifacts, they are ongoing services. Therefore: Don't package up new features into
monolithic releases, but instead add them on a regular basis as part of the normal user
experience. Engage your users as real-time testers, and instrument the service so that you
know how people use the new features.

Cooperate, Don't Control
o
Web 2.0 applications are built of a network of cooperating data services. Therefore: Offer
web services interfaces and content syndication, and re-use the data services of others.
Support lightweight programming models that allow for loosely-coupled systems.

Software Above the Level of a Single Device
o
The computer is no longer the only access device for internet applications, and applications
that are limited to a single device are less valuable than those that are connected.
FACEBOOK
Facebook is a free-access social networking website that is operated and privately owned by
Facebook, Inc. Users can join networks organized by city, workplace, school, and region to connect and
interact with other people. People can also add friends and send them messages, and update their personal
profiles to notify friends about themselves. The website's name refers to the paper Facebook depicting
members of a campus community that some US colleges and preparatory schools give to incoming students,
faculty, and staff as a way to get to know other people on campus.
Mark Zuckerberg founded Facebook with fellow computer science major students and his roommates
Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes while he was a student at Harvard University. Website membership was
initially limited to Harvard students, but was expanded to other colleges in the Boston area, the Ivy League,
and Stanford University. It later expanded further to include any university student, then high school students,
and, finally, to anyone aged 13 and over. The website currently has more than 175 million active users
worldwide.
Facebook has met with some controversy over the past few years. It has been blocked intermittently
in several countries including Syria and Iran. It has also been banned at many places of work to discourage
employees from wasting time using the service. Privacy has also been an issue, and it has been compromised
several times. It is also facing several lawsuits from a number of Zuckerberg's former classmates, who claim
that Facebook had stolen their source code and other intellectual property.
Facebook users may choose to join one or more networks, organized by city, workplace, school, and
region. These networks help users connect with members of the same network. Users can also connect with
friends, giving them access to their friends' profiles. The website is free to users, but generates revenue from
advertising. This includes banner ads where users can create profiles including photos and lists of personal
interests, exchange private or public messages, and join groups of friends. By default, the viewing of detailed
profile data is restricted to users from the same network and "reasonable community limitations".
Microsoft is Facebook's exclusive partner for serving banner advertising, and as such Facebook only
serves advertisements that exist in Microsoft's advertisement inventory. According to comScore, an internet
marketing Research company, Facebook collects as much data from its visitors as Google and Microsoft, but
considerably less than Yahoo!. The media often compares Facebook to MySpace, but one significant difference
between the two websites is the level of customization. MySpace allows users to decorate their profiles using
HTML and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), while Facebook only allows plain text.
Facebook has a number of features with which users may interact. They include the Wall, a space on
every user's profile page that allows friends to post messages for the user to see, Pokes, which allows users to
send a virtual "poke" to each other (a notification that tells a user that they have been poked), Photos, (where
users can upload albums and photos) and Status, (which allows users to inform their friends of their
whereabouts and actions). A user's Wall is visible to anyone who is able to see that user's profile, which
depends on their privacy settings. In July 2007, Facebook began allowing users to post attachments to the
Wall, whereas the Wall was previously limited to textual content only.
Over time, Facebook has added several new features to its website. On September 6, 2006, a News
Feed was announced, which appears on every user's homepage and highlights information including profile
changes, upcoming events, and birthdays related to the user's friends. Initially, the News Feed caused
dissatisfaction among Facebook users; some complained it was too cluttered and full of undesired information,
while others were concerned it made it too easy for other people to track down individual activities. Since
then, users have been able to control what types of information are shared automatically with friends. Users
are now able to prevent friends from seeing updates about different types of activities, including profile
changes, Wall posts, and newly added friends.
One of the most popular applications on Facebook is the Photos application, where users can upload
albums and photos. Facebook allows users to upload an unlimited number of photos, compared with other
image hosting services such as Photobucket and Flickr, which apply limits to the number of photos that a user
is allowed to upload. In the past, all users were limited to 60 photos per album. However, some users report
that they are able to create albums with a new limit of 200 photos. Privacy settings can be set for individual
albums, limiting the groups of users that can see an album. For example, the privacy of an album can be set so
that only the user's friends can see the album, while the privacy of another album can be set so that all
Facebook users can see it. Another feature of the Photos applications is the ability to "tag", or label users in a
photo. For instance, if a photo contains a user's friend, then the user can tag the friend in the photo. This
sends a notification to the friend that they have been tagged, and provides them a link to see the photo.
Facebook Notes was introduced on August 22, 2006, a blogging feature that allowed tags and
embeddable images. Users were later able to import blogs from Xanga, LiveJournal, Blogger, and other
blogging services. During the week of April 7, 2008, Facebook released a Comet-based instant messaging
application called "Chat" to several networks, which allows users to communicate with friends and is similar in
functionality to desktop-based instant messengers.
Facebook launched Gifts on February 8, 2007, which allows users to send virtual gifts to their friends
that appear on the recipient's profile. Then, Facebook launched Marketplace, which lets users post free
classified ads. On July 20, 2008, Facebook introduced "Facebook Beta", a significant redesign of its user
interface on selected networks. The Mini-Feed and Wall were consolidated, profiles were separated into
tabbed sections, and an effort was made to create a "cleaner" look. After initially giving users a choice to
switch, Facebook began migrating all users to the new version beginning September, 2008 by December 11,
2008, it was announced that Facebook is testing out a new simpler signup process.[69]
Facebook launched the Facebook Platform on May 24, 2007, providing a framework for software
developers to create applications that interact with core Facebook features. A mark-up language called
Facebook Mark-up Language was introduced simultaneously; it is used to customize the "look and feel" of
applications that developers create. Using the Platform, Facebook launched several new applications, including
Gifts, allowing users to send virtual gifts to each other, Marketplace, allowing users to post free classified ads,
Events, giving users a method of informing their friends about upcoming events, and Video, letting users share
homemade videos with one another.
Applications that have been created on the Platform include chess and Scrabble, which both allow
users to play games with their friends. These games are asynchronous, meaning that a user's moves are saved
on the website, allowing the next move to be made at any time rather than immediately after the previous
move. By November 3, 2007, seven thousand applications had been developed on the Facebook Platform, with
another hundred created every day. By the second annual f8 developer’s conference on July 23, 2008, the
number of applications had grown to 33,000 and the number of registered developers had exceeded 400,000.
Within a few months of launching the Facebook Platform, issues arose regarding "application spam", which
involves Facebook applications "spamming" users to request it be installed. Application spam has been
considered one of the possible causes to the drop in visitors to Facebook starting from the beginning of 2008,
when its growth had fallen from December 2007 to January 2008, its first drop since its launch in 2004.
CONCLUSION
Web 2.0 which coined by Tim O'Reilly has been noted as the shift from a flat "web 1.0" world to a
more dynamic and quick changing web 2.0 world. People browsing the web now have thousands of new tools
and web sites at their fingertips to interact with people and find the information they are looking for. From
MySpace and Facebook, to Twitter, the list of Web 2.0 sites goes on for miles. These companies strive to make
it easier, quicker, and quite frankly, more fun to communicate and find information on the World Wide Web.
Resources like TechCrunch and Mashable attempt to keep users up-to-date with the latest Web 2.0 trends,
from its use in marketing on the Internet to how it is affecting the general day to day activities people are
taking part in online. The fact remains that Web 2.0 drastically changed and is still changing the way we do
business and interact on the Web. Web 1.0 was all about connecting people. It was an interactive space.
Although Web 2.0 is like a piece of jargon, however nobody knows what it means even the internet experts
themselves. If Web 2.0 for you is blogs and wikis, then that is people to people. But that was what the Web
was supposed to be all along. And in fact, you know, this 'Web 2.0', it means using the standards which have
been produced by all these people working on Web 1.0.
REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook
http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html
http://www.mgitsolutions.com/blog/2008/11/what-is-web-20-and-why-it-really-matters/