University of Rajshahi
Department of Computer Science and Technology
Syllabus for B. Sc. (Hons)
Session 2003-2004
Examination
1st Year 2004
2nd Year 2005
3rd Year 2006
4th Year 2007
The B. Sc. (Honours) Courses in Computer Science and Technology shall be offered over the period of 4
academic years, and Degree must be completed within 6 academic years. Courses consist of Theoretical,
Practical, Viva-Voce, Tutorial/Terminal/Class test and Attendance, and courses are of 3200 Marks. Marks 75
and 50 represent 1 and 0.5 unit respectively. One unit makes 4 credits. The Examination of one unit theoretical
course shall be of three hours duration and half unit shall be of two hours. Practical Examination shall be of (i) 6
hours (one day) duration for less than one unit, (ii) 6x2 hours (two days) duration for 1-2 unit and (iii) 6x3 hours
(3 days) duration for more than 2 units. 50 marks of Tutorial/Terminal/Class test and attendance will be
distributed as: 80% for Tutorial/Terminal/Class test and 20% for class attendance. Practical marks will be
distributed as follows: continuous assessment shall be of 30% and practical experiments shall be of 70%.
Year-wise distribution of Courses along with title, Unit , Marks and Credit are follows:
1st Year
CST 101: Computer Fundamentals
CST 102: Introduction to Programming and C Language
CST 103: Digital Systems
CST 104: Network Analysis and Electronics
CST 105: English (Optional)
CST 110R : Algebra, Trigonometry and Vectors (Math-111)
CST 111R : Integral and Differential Calculus (Math-112)
CST 112R : Elementary Statistics & Probabilities
CST 106P: Programming Lab
CST 107P: Digital Systems and Electronics Lab
CST 107V: Viva-Voce
CST 108T: Tutorial, Terminal , Attendance and Class test
Unit
1
1
1
1
0.5
Marks
75
75
75
75
-
Credit
4
4
4
4
0
1
1
1
75
75
75
4
4
4
0.5
1
0.5
0.5
9.5
50
75
50
50
750
2
4
2
2
38
1
1
1
1
1
75
75
75
75
75
4
4
4
4
4
1
1
75
75
4
4
2nd Year
CST 201: Data Structure and Algorithms
CST 202: Computer Architecture and Organization
CST 203: Object Oriented Programming
CST 204: Communication Engineering
CST 205: Discrete Mathematics & Numerical Methods
Related Course:
CST 210R : Matrices and Differential Equations (Math-113)
CST 211R : Theory of Statistics
1
Practical
CST 206P: Data Structure and Algorithms Lab & Object Oriented
Programming Lab
CST 207P: Computer Architecture and Communication Lab
CST 208V: Viva-Voce
CST 209T: Tutorial, Terminal, Attendance and Class test
1
75
4
0.5
0.5
0.5
9.5
25+25
50
50
750
2
2
2
38
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
0.5
50
2
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
10.5
50
50
50
50
850
2
2
2
2
42
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
0.5
0.5
50
50
2
2
0.5
1
0.5
0.5
10.5
40
50
75
50
50
850
3200
2
4
2
2
42
160
3rd Year
CST 301: Operating System and System Programming
CST 302: Automata Theory and Compiler Design
CST 303: Artificial Intelligence and Neural Computing
CST 304: Database Management Systems
CST 305: Computer Networks
CST 306: Microprocessor and Assembly Language
CST 307: Interactive Programming and Multimedia System
CST 308: Information System Analysis and Design
Practical
CST 309P: System Programming, Interactive Programming & Multimedia
System , Computer Networks
CST 310P: DBMS, Microprocessor and Assembly Language
CST 311P: Compiler, AI, and ANN Lab
CST 312V: Viva-Voce
CST 310T: Tutorial, Terminal , Attendance and Class test
4th Year:
CST 401: E-Commerce
CST 402: Computer Peripherals and Interfacing
CST 403: Software Engineering
CST 404: Parallel Processing and Distributed System
CST 405: Simulation and Modelling
CST 406: Computer Graphics
CST 407: Digital Signal and Image Processing
Practical
CST 408P: E-Commerce and Software Engineering Lab
CST 409P: Computer Peripherals and Interfacing, Parallel Processing and
Distributed System, Simulation and Modelling Lab
CST 410P: Computer Graphics, Digital Signal and Image Processing
CST 411J: Project
CST 412V: Viva-Voce
CST 413T: Tutorial, Terminal , Attendance and Class test
Grand Total =
2
1st Year
CST 101: Computer Fundamentals.
Marks: 75
Computer Basics: Introduction to Studying Computers, History and development of Computers, Generation of
Computers, Types of Computers, Impact of Computers on Society.
Computer Hardware and Peripherals: Basic Units of Computer Hardware, Keyboard, Mouse and Different types
of Monitors, Different parts of system unit, Internal structure of CPU, Functions of RAM, ROM and
Cache memory, Basic functional mechanism of FDD, HDD and CD-ROM, Impact and Non-impact
printers, Modem, Power supply stability, Handling of computer cards and chips, Typical Computer
specifications.
Information & data processing: Data organization, types of data processing, data processing cycle, data
processing system, database concepts
Software: Classifications, System software, Operating system concepts and importance, components and basic
functions of DOS, Windows/Windows-NT/Windows-XP and UNIX and LINUX, X-window system
operating system, Application software’s and Utility programs, Computer Virus, Software
troubleshooting and maintenance.
Applications: Computer networks and its goals, Basic concept on LAN, MAN, WAN and Internet systems,
Internet services, E-mail, E-Commerce, M-Commerce ,WAP, WWW, Multimedia system.
Books Recommended
1. Warford
2. L. Rosch
3. P. Norton,
4. Subramanian
5. P. Norton
6. V. K. Jain
: Computer Science
: Hardware Bible, Braddy Publishing, Indianapolis
: Inside the PC
: Introduction to Computers
: Introduction to Computer
: Switching theory and Digital Electronics.
CST 102: Introduction to Programming and C Language
Marks: 75
Programming Preliminaries: Problem solving techniques, Algorithm, Flowchart, debugging, documentation,
Classifications of programming Languages, Compiler and Interpreter, Loader and Linker, Source and
Object programs, Modular programming techniques.
Programming Language C : Program creating, Compiling, Debugging and Running; Data types, Variables and
Constants, Data Input and Output, Statements and Operators, Control Structures, Arrays,
Record/Structure, Procedure and Functions, Recursive function, User-Defined data types, Pointers,
External File handling, Uses of Graphics functions. Introduction to GUI programming, editing,
compiling, linking and running programs on Windows and UNIX platforms, make files.
Books Recommended
1. Kernighan and Ritchie
2. Gotfreid
3. M. Keller
4. D.E. Knuth:
5. H. Schieldt
6. E. Balagurusamy
7. H. Schieldt
: The C Programming Language
: Programming with C, Schaum's Outline Series, TMH
: Afirst Course on Computer Programming using Pascal, McGraw-hill, 1987
: The Art of Computer Programming
: The complete reference, Turbo C/C++
: Programming with ANSI C
: Teach yourself C
3
CST 103: Digital Systems
Marks: 75
Fundamentals of Digital Logic System: Number Systems and Codes, Logic Gates and Boolean Algebra, Logic
Circuit Design, Minimization Techniques: Algebraic Simplification, Karnaugh Map Method, QuineMcCluskey method, Consensus method.
Switching Devices: Switching concepts of Diodes, Transistors and FETs.
Flip-Flops and related Devices: Transistor Latch, NAND gate latch, NOR gate latch, D latch. Clock signals and
Clocked F.Fs: Clocked S-C, J-K and D Flip-Flops. F.F timing considerations, Master/Slave F.Fs. F.F TF.F. applications, Frequency division and counting. Schmitt Trigger devices, Monostable and Astable
Multivibrators.
SSI Logic Circuits: BCD to decimal decoders, BCD to 7 segment decoder/drivers. Encoders, Multiplexers and
their applications. Demultiplexers. Trouble shooting case studies.
Analog to digital conversion, digital ramp, successive approximation, flash and tristate ADC. digital to analog
conversion: circuits, specifications, applications, Sample and hold circuits. Analog multiplexers. Data
acquisition, digital voltmeter.
Integrated Circuit Logic Families: DTL & TTL logic family, standard TTL series characteristics, other TTL
series, TTL loading rules, TTL open-collector outputs, tristate TTL. The ECL family. Digital MOSFET
circuits, characteristics, CMOS circuits, CMOS tristate logic, TTL driving CMOS, CMOS driving TTL.
Introduction to sequential circuits: formal representation of sequential circuits, Moore and Mealy models,
analysis and synthesis of synchronous and asynchronous sequential circuits. Counters and Registers:
Asynchronous (Ripple) up and down counters, Synchronous up and down Counters. Counters with MOD
number <2N. Propagation delay in Ripple counters. Presettable counters. The 74193 counter. Counter
applications. Shift registers. IC shift-registers, shift-register counters.
Books Recommended
1. R.J. Tocci
2. D.V. Hall
3. F.P. Prosser and D.E. Einkel
4. V. K. Jain
5. Moris Manno
: Digital Principles, 5th ed., PHI
: Digital Circuits and systems, McGraw-Hill, 1989
: The Art of Digital Design, Prentice-Hall
: Switching theory and Digital Electronics
: Digital Logic and Computer Design
CST 104: Network Analysis and Electronics
Marks: 75
Circuit analysis: Concepts of Electrical Networks; Kirchhoff’s law; Thevenin’s and Norton’s Theorems;
Superposition Theorem; Maximum Power Transfer Theorem; Equivalence of Pi, T, Star, Delta Conversions;
Lattice Networks; Constant K-Type Low Pass, High Pass, Band Pass and Band-Elimination Filters.
Semiconductor Diode and Rectifiers: N- and P- Type Semiconductors; P-N Junction Diodes and their V-I
Characteristics; Zener Diode; Ideal Rectifier Concept; P-N Junction Diode as a Rectifier; Half-wave and Fullwave Rectifier; Voltage Regulator Using Zener Diode.
Transistor: PNP and NPN Junction Transistor; V-I Characteristics; CB, CE and CC Configurations; Bias
Stabilization; Different Types and Biasing; Operating Point; Transistor an amplifier, Transistor as an high speed
switch, DC and AC Load Lines; JFET; MOSFET.
Amplifiers: Transistor DC amplifiers, CE, CB and CC amplifiers and their equivalent circuits and computation
of current, voltage and power Gains, class A, class B and class C amplifiers, Feed back amplifiers and
Oscillators, Operational amplifiers.
Micro-Electronics: Microelectronic Technology; Planer Process; Introduction to VLSI; Bipolar Transistor, ;
FET and IC Technique, Fabrication; CMOS Technology; Monolithic Diodes; Metal-Semiconductor Contract;
4
IC Resistor and Capacitor; IC Packaging; Characteristics of IC Components; Micro-Electronic Circuit Layout;
Printed Circuit Board.
Books Recommended
1. Mottershed, A
2. Milman and Helkias
3. Theraja, B L
4. Grobe, Bernard
5. Mehta, V K
6. Illiot
7. John D. Rider
8. Theraja, B. L.
: Electronic Devices and Circuits
: Integrated Electronics
: Basic Electronics
: Basic Electronics
: Principles of Electronics
: Microelectronics Fabrication Technology
: Network Lines and Fields
: Basic Electricity and Magnetism
5
Related Course:
CST 105: English
(Optional)
Basic Terminologies of Physical Sciences
CST 110R : Algebra, Trigonometry and Vectors
Marks: 75
1.
a) Algebra of sets, De Morgan's rule, Relation and Function. b) Determinants : Properties and Crammer's
rule.
2.
3.
Theory of Equations:
a) Theorems, Relation between roots and coefficients. b) Solution of cubic Equations.
a) De Moiver's Theorem. b) Deduction from De Moiver's Theorem.
4.
a) Functions of Complex Arguments. b) Gregory's Series.
5.
a) Summation of Series. b) Hyperbolic Functions.
6.
Vector Addition, Multiplication and Differentiation.
7.
Vector Differential Operator - Grad., Div. and Curl.
Books Recommended
1. Barnside and Panton
2. Bernard and Child
3. Hall and Knight
4. Das and Mukherje
5. Spigel
: Theory of Equations
: Higher Algebra
: Higher Algebra
: Higher Trigonometry
: Vector Analysis
CST 111R : Integral and Differential Calculus
Marks: 75
1.
2.
3.
4.
Functions: Domain, Range, Inverse Function and Graphs of
Function; Limits, Continuity and Indeterminate Form.
Ordinary Differentiation: Differentiability, Differentiation and Leibnitz Theorem.
a) Expansions of Functions: Rolle's Theorem, Mean Value Theorem, Taylor's and
Maclaurin's Formulae.
b) Maxima and Minima of Functions of one variable.
a) Partial Differentiation: Euler's Theorem, Tangents and Normals.
b) Asymptotes.
5.
Indefinite Integral: Methods of Substitutions, Integration by Parts, Special
Trigonometric Functions and Rational Fractions.
6.
Definite Integral: Fundamental Theorem, General Properties, Evaluation of
Definite Integral and Reduction Formulas.
7.
Multiple Integral: Determination of Length, Areas, and Volumes.
Books Recommended:
1. Ayres, F
2. Das and Mukherjee
3. Das and Mukherjee
4. Edwards
: Calculus
: Differential Calculus
: Integral Calculus
: Differential Calculus
6
CST 112R : Elementary Statistics & Probabilities
Marks: 75
Statistics: Meaning & Scope, Variables and Attributes, Collection and presentation of Statistical data, Frequency
Distribution and Graphical Representation.
Analysis of Statistical Data: Location, Dispersion and their measures. Skewness, Kurtosis and their measures.
Moment and cumulants.
Elements of Probabilities: Concept of probality, Sample Space, Events. Union and Intersection of Events.
Probability of Events. Laws of probability. Conditional Probabilities. Bose Einstein Statistics. Bays
probability. Chebysec's Inequality.
Random Variables and Probality Distribution: Basic concepts. Discrete and continuous Random variables.
Density and distribution functions. Mathgematical Expectation and variance. Conditional Expectation and
conditional variance. Expected values and variances of the density distributions. Moments and Cumulant
generating functions. Characteristic function. Study of Binomial, Poisson, Normal. Geometric, Negative
Binomial, Hypergeometric, Multinomial, uniform, exponential, Log normal, Logirithmic, Beta and
Gamma, cauchy and Weibul distributions.
Books Recommended:
1. Anderson, A. J. B.
2. Cramer, H.
3. Hoel, P.
4. Lindley, D. V.
5. Lipschutz, S
6. Mosteller, Rourke and Thomas
7. Wolf, F. L.
8. Wonnacot, T. H. and Wonnacot, R. J.
9. Yule, G.U. and Kendall M. G.
: Interpreting Data. Chapman and Hall, London.
: The Elements of Probability Theory. Wiley, N. Y.
: Introductory Statistics, Wiley and Sons, N. Y.
: Introduction to Probalility and Statistics. Vol-1 C. U. P. London
: Probalility, McGraw-Hill, N. Y.
: Probability With Statistical Applications. 2nd Ed. AddisonWesley
: Elements of Probability, and Statistics McGraw-Hill, N. Y.
: Introductory Statistics, 3rd Ed. Wiley and Sons. N. Y.
: An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics. Fourteenth Ed.
Charles Griffin, London
7
2nd Year
CST 201: Data Structure and Algorithms
Marks: 75
The design and analysis of efficient algorithms for important computational problems. Emphasis on the
relationships between algorithms and data structures and on measures of algorithmic efficiency.
Arrays: Maximization, ordered lists, sparse matrices, representation of arrays.
Stacks, Queues and Recursion: Fundamentals of different types of stacks and queues: Circular, dequeues, etc;
evaluation of expressions, multiple stacks and queues; Recursion: Direct and indirect recursion, depth of
recursion; Simulation of Recursion: Removal of recursion; Towers of Hanoi.
Links Lists: singly linked lists, linked stacks and queues, the storage pool, polynomial addition, equivalence
relations, sparse matrices, doubly linked lists and dynamic storage management, generalised lists, garbage
collection and compaction.
Trees: Basic terminology, binary trees, binary tree representations, binary tree traversal; Extended binary trees:
2-trees, internal and external path lengths, Huffman codes/algorithms; threaded binary trees, binary tree
representation of trees; Application of Trees: Set representation, decision trees, games trees: Counting binary
trees.
Graphs: Introduction, definitions and terminology, graph representations, traversals, connected components and
spanning trees, shortest path and transitive closure, activity networks, topological sort and critical paths,
enumerating all paths.
Internal Sorting: Searching, bubble sort, shell sort, insertion sort, selection sort, quick sort, heap sort, 2-way
merge sort, How fast can we sort? Sorting on several keys, practical considerations for internal sorting.
External Sorting: General idea; Sorting with Disks: K-way merging, buffer handling for parallel operation, run
generation; sorting with Tapes: Balanced merge sorts, polyphase merge, sorting with fewer than 3 tapes.
Symbol Tables: static tree tables, dynamic tree tables; Hash Tables: Hashing functions, overflow handling,
theoretical evaluation of overflow techniques.
Files: file, queries and sequential organisations: Indexing Techniques: Cylinder-surface indexing hashed
indexes, tree indexing-B-trees; Tree indexing.
Books Recommended
1. E. Horowitz and S. Sahni
2. Reingold
3. Robert L. Kruse
4. Niklaus Wirth
5. Lipshultz
6. E. Horowitz and S. Sahni
7. Goodman and Hedetnie
: Fundamentals of Data Structures, Galgotia, 1985.
: Data Structures.
: Data Structures and Program Design, 3rd Edition.
: Algorithms-Data Structures-Programs, Prentice Hall of India, 1992.
: Data Structures, Schaum's Outline Series, 1987.
: Computer Algorithms, Galgotia, 1985.
: Introduction to Design and Analysis of Algorithms, McGraw-Hill, 1985
CST 202: Computer Architecture and Organisation
Marks: 75
The evolution of computers: The nature of computer, the first generation, the latter generation, recent
development.
Processor Design: Introduction: Processor organization, information representation, number formats; Fixed
Point Arithmetic: Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division; ALU Design: Basic ALU organization,
floating point arithmetic.
8
Control Design: Hardwired control: Design methods, multiplier control unit, CPU control unit; Basic concept of
Microprogrammed Control, Control memory optimization.
Memory Devices and its Organization: Different types of semiconductor memory, magnetic memory, optical
memory, virtual memory, memory hierarchies; High-speed Memories: Interleaved memories, caches,
associative memories.
System Organization: Communications: Introduction, bus control; IO Systems: Programmed IO, DMA and
interrupts, IO processors.
Parallel Processing: Basic Concepts: Introduction to parallel processing.
RISC processor, introduction, data dependency, addressing modes, condition codes, register sets, brief study of
standard RISC processor.
Books Recommended
1.
2.
3.
4.
V. Hamacher, Z. Vranesic and
S. Zaky
J.P. Hayes
K. Hwang and F.A. Briggs
W. Stallings
: Computer Organization. 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, 1988.
: Computer Architecture and Organization, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, 1992.
: Computer Architecture and Parallel Processing, McGraw-Hill, 1986.
: Computer Organization and Architecture.
CST 203: Object Oriented Programming
Marks: 75
Introduction to object oriented programming, C++ as an object oriented language: Declaration and constants,
expression and statements, data types, operator, Functions. Classes: Base, Derived virtual class,
Inheritance, encapsulation, Operator and function overloading (Run-time and compile time
polymorphism), Template, streams, tiles, C++ binary functions. Exception handling, Function overriding,
Virtual function
Introduction to JAVA programming: Application programs and Appletes. AWT and Swing components, File
and Exception handling, Multitreading, Java I/O, Java server pages, Java servlets, JDBC, Java Beans, Sockets
and RMI programming.
Books Recommended
1. H. Schidt
2. B. Stroustrap
3. H. M. Deitel P. J. Deitel
4. Sun Press
:
:
:
:
Teach yourself C++
The C++ programming language, 2nd ed.
Java How To Program
Core Java(Vol-1&2)
CST 204: Communication Engineering
Marks: 75
Introduction: Data communication concept, queuing theory, Analog and digital data, spectrum and bandwidth,
Transmission impairments, Data rate and channel capacity, Asynchronous and synchronous data
transmission techniques, Error detection and correcting codes, Data compression algorithms, interfacing
with serial and parallel ports.
Transmission Media: Characteristics and applications of Twisted pairs coaxial cables and optical fibres, Geostationary and low-orbit Satellites, VSAT, Radio waves.
Optical Fiber communication: Transmission principles and internal structure of Optical Fiber, Transmission
characteristics of optical fiber, LED and Laser as optical sources, Photodiode and Phototransistor as
optical detectors, Optical fiber connections, Signal degradation in optical fiber. Practical Implementation
of fiber com. Optical fiber amplifier, Optical fiber measurements, Applications and future developmnt
9
Wireless Communication, Cellular Radio, Mobile Technology.
Data Encoding: Data and signal, RZ, NRZ, Manchester and differential Manchester encoding, Bi-phase mark,
ASK, FSK, PSK, QPSK, modems, sampling theorem, pulse Code modulation techniques, Delta
modulation. Error control mechanism (Backward and forward), Flow control mechanism, BISYNC, and
HDLC.
Data transmission technique: Frequency division multiplexing, time division multiplexing, wavelength division
multiplexing, Circuit switching, Packet switching, Hybrid switching, ATM, Frame Relay.
Books Recommended
1.
2.
3.
4.
W. Stallings, Macmillan, 1996 4th edition,
Optical Fiber Communications, 2nd edition
Optical Fiber Communication
F. Halsall, Addison Wesly, 1993 3rd edition
:
:
:
:
5.
A.S. Tanenbaum, Prentice Hall, 1996
:
Data and Computer Communications
John M. Senior
Kaiser
Data Communication Computer Network and open
systems
Computer Networks
CST 205: Discrete Mathematics and Numerical Method
Marks: 75
Mathematical Logic: Connectives, normal Forms, theory of inference for proposition calculus, predicate
calculus, inference theory of predicate calculus, method of proof, mathematical induction.
Sets: Basic concept of set theory, operation of sets, ordered pairs and n-tuples.
Relation and ordering: Relations, properties of Binary relation in a set, composition of binary relation, relation
matrix and graph of a relation, partial ordering, path in relation and di-graph.
Functions: definition, composition of function, inverse function, binary and array operation.
Ordered relation and structure: partially ordered set, external element of P.O. set, Lattice, finite Boolean algebra,
function on Boolean algebra, Boolean function as Boolean polynomial.
Graph: Introduction to graph, graph terminology, representing graph and graph isomorphism, paths,
reachability, connectivity, Euler and Hamilton path, shortest path problems, graph colouring, matrix
representation of graph.
Trees: Introduction of trees, application of trees, tree traversal, labelling trees, trees and sorting, spanning trees,
minimal spanning tree, undirected trees.
Algebraic structure: Algebraic system, general properties, some simple algebraic system.
Semigroup and monoids: Homomorphism of semigroups and monoid, Grammars and languages, Formal
definition of a language.
Group: Definition and examples, homomorphism, product and quotients of group.
Numerical Methods: Solutions of polynomials and transcendental equations; Interpolation and polynomial
approximation; Least square approximation; Solutions of systems of linear equations gauss elimination
technique; Gauss-siedel iteration technique; Numerical Differentiation and Integration; Numerical
Solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations.
Books Recommended
1. Lipshutz
2. Kuo, S. S.
3. C.L. Liu,
4. Sharon Ross
: Theory and Problems of Discrete Mathematics, Schaum's outline series.
: Computer Application of Numerical Methods.
: Elements of Discrete Mathematics, 2nd Ed, McGraw-Hill, 1985.
: Descrete Mathematical Structure.
10
5. S. S. Sastry
6. K.H. Rosen
7. Chopra
: Introductory methods of Numerical Analysis.
: Discrete Mathematics and its Applications
: Numerical Methods for Engineers.
Related Course:
CST 210R : Matrices and Differential Equations
Marks: 75
Algebra of matrices, Adjoint, Inverse and Rank of a matrix-definition, properties and evaluation.
Elementary transformation-echelon, canonical and normal forms. Solution of systems of linear equationsconsistency and solution of homogeneous system by matrix method, and reduction to equivalent system.
Characteristics equation, eigenvalues, eigenvectors and Caley-Hamilton theorem. Similar matrices and
diagonalization.
Solution of first order and first degree, and first order and higher degree equations.
Solution of higher-order linear differential equations.
Series solutions of linear differential equations.
Books Recommended
1. F Ayres
2. McDuffe
3. Khanna, M L
4. Ross, S L
5. Ayres, F
6. Sharma, B D
: Theory and problems of Matrices
: Theory of Matrices
: Matrices
: Introduction to Ordinary Diff. Equations
: Differential Equations
: Differential Equations
CST 211R: Theory of Statistics
Marks: 75
Sampling Distributings: Fisher's Lemma. Study of 2 Distribution, T-Distribution and F-Distribution,
Propertices, uses & Applications. Distribution of sample correlation coefficient in the null case. Sampling
Distribution of the Medians and Range.
Elements of Point Estimations: Basic Concepts. consistent estimates. Unbiased estimates. Mean and variance of
estimates. Ideas of Efficiency. Principle of Maximum Likelihood. Illustration from Bionomial, poission
& Normal Distributions.
Decision Rules: Statistical decisions; Statistical hypothesis; Critical region, Best critical region; Two types of
errors; procedure of Test of hypothesis; Most powerful test, standard Errors.
Test of Significance: Test of single mean & single variance. Comparison of two sample Means, proportions and
Variances. Bartlett's test for homogeniety of variances. Test for correlation and Regression coefficients.
Exact test for 2*2 tables. Test for r*c tables. Three-Way contingency tables. Large Sample Test of
Significance. Non-parametric Test, One Sample and two Sample Sign Test. Run Test and Rank Sum
Test.
Books Recommended
1 Anderson R. L., Bancroft T.
A.
2 Beaumont, G.
:
Statistical Theory in Reseatch, McGraw-Hill N. Y. Banctoft, T. A.
:
3 Gutman, Wilks and Hunter
:
4 Hoel, P. G.
:
Intermediate Mathematical Statistics, Third Ed. Chapman and Hill,
London
Introductory Engineering Statistics Fourth Ed. John Wiley and Sons, N.
Y.
Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, Fifth Ed. John Wiley and Sons,
N. Y.
11
1 Anderson R. L., Bancroft T.
A.
5 Hogg. R. V. and Graig, A. T.
:
Statistical Theory in Reseatch, McGraw-Hill N. Y. Banctoft, T. A.
:
6 Kendall M. G. and Stuart A.
:
7 Lindgren, B. W.
8 Mood, Graybill and Boes
9 Weatheril, G. B.
:
:
:
Introduction to Mathematical Statistics Fourth Ed. Collier Macmilan, N.
LY.
The Advanced Theory of Statistics Vol. 1, Fourth Ed. Charles Griffin
and Co. London.
Statistical Theory, Third ed. Collier-Macmillan Co; N. Y.
Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, Third ed. McGraw-Hill, N. Y.
Intermediate Statistics Mithods, Chapman and Hall, London
12
3rd Year
CST 301: Operating Systems and System Programming
Marks: 75
Introduction, evolution, goals and components of OS. Process management, process states and state transition,
process control blocks, job and process scheduling, scheduling levels, objective and criteria, CPU scheduling
algorithms, process co-ordination, critical section problems, semaphores, language constructs classical problems
of process co-ordination, interposes communication, message and mailbox etc. I/O programming. Device
management techniques. Interrupt processing. Parallel processing. Deadlock, deadlock prevention, avoidance,
detection and recovery. Memory management, memory allocation schemes, paging and segmentation, virtual
memory, page replacement strategies, working sets, demand paging. Secondary storage management, disk
scheduling algorithms. File management: file system functions, file organization, logical and physical file maps,
tree structured file systems, space allocation, file catalogues, file access control mechanisms, operating systems
security. Time sharing and virtual machines. Main Features of MS-DOS, Windows-NT, UNIX, Linux, VMS
and VSE. Distributed System.
Assembler-general Design procedure, Table processing, Macro language and Microprocessor, Compiler, Loader,
Linker, Translator Design, System call, Remote procedure call, Interprocess communication, Unix socket,
Multithreading.
Books Recommended
1. Tanenbaum
2. Madnick and J. Donovon
3. Peterson and Silberchaltz
4. B. Hausen
5. Donovan
6. M. MilenKovic
7. Terrence
: Operating Systems, Prentice-Hall, 1987.
: Operating systems, McGraw-Hill, 1986.
: Operating Systems Concepts.
: Operating System Principles, Prentice-Hall of India, 1986.
: Systems Programming, McGraw-Hill, 1987.
: Operating System Concept and Design.
: Unix System Programming in C++
CST 302: Automata Theory and Compiler Design
Marks: 75
Introduction to compiler, compiler and translator, The structure of a compiler.
Notation and concepts for languages and Grammars, sets and string, Discussion and classification of Grammars,
Scanner regular expression, regular definition, finite autometa, LL and LR Grammars, ambiguous grammar.
Basic parsing technique, parsers, shift reduce parsing, operator-precedure parsing, top-down parsing, bottom up
parsing, predictive parsing.
Syntax directed translation, intermediate code generation, polish notation, parse tree and syntax trees,
quadruples, triples, boolean expression.
Perspective and motivation of symbol table. Symbol table content, operation on symbol table, organization of
symbol table.
Code optimization, sources of optimization, basic blocks, folding, loop optimization, flowgraph, induction
variable elemination, reduction in strength, code motion.
Compile time error handling, error detection, error recovery, error repair.
Code generation, object programs, problems in code generation, a machine model, a simple code generator,
register allocation and assignment peephole optimization.
13
Books Recommended
1. A.J. Holub
2. Trembly and Sorensen
3. Aho and D. Ullman
4. Hopcroft and Ulman
5. Adamek
: Compiler design in C, Prentice-Hall of India, 1993.
: Theory and Practices of Compiler Writing
: Compiler Design.
: Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages and Computation
: Automata and Algebra
CST 303: Artificial Intelligence and Neural Computing
Marks: 75
Problems and Search: Overview of AI; AI techniques; Underlying Assumption; Problems, Problem spaces and
Search, Different Heuristic Search techniques.
Knowledge representation: Knowledge Representation Issues, Knowledge Representation using Predicate logic,
Knowledge Representation using Rules, Symbolic Reasoning under Uncertainties, probabilistic
reasoning, structured knowledge, object oriented representation. Knowledge representation using
semantic nets, conceptual graph, frames etc.
Introduction to selected topics in AI: Game Playing, Planning, Understanding, Natural language processing,
Expert system, Genetic algorithm, robotics and Fuzzy logic.
Neural Networks: Basic concept and structure of neural networks, Learning rules, Back propagation rule,
Hopfield network, neural network in object classification.
Introduction and general concept of Pattern Recognition: Introduction to statistical pattern recognition, Neural
pattern recognition: Introduction to neural pattern associates and matrix approaches and unsupervised learning
in neural pattern recognition.
An Overview on Artificial Intelligence Programming Languages: Prolog, Visual Prolog, LISP etc.
Books Recommended
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Dan W. Patterson
E. Rich and K. Knight
H. Schildt
C.F. Chabris and T. Jackson
Books on Prolog, Lisp etc.
:
:
:
:
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems.
Artificial Intelligence, Tata-McGraw-Hill Publication Co. Ltd, 1992.
Artificial Intelligence Using C, Osborne-Mc-Graw-Hill, 1987.
An Introduction to Neural Computing, Adam Hilger Pub, 1990.
CST 304: Database Management Systems
Marks: 75
Overview: Definition of DBMS, types of DBMS, advantage & disadvantages of DBMS, applications.
Entity relationship model, Relational model, Relational query language, Structure Query Language (SQL),
Relational database design, Object Relational database design, Storage and file structure, Query process,
Concurrency control, Recovery system, Database system architecture, Distributed database.
Oracle: Introduction to SQL Plus, PL /SQL, Triggers, Forms, Reports, Query, Procedures, and Project builder.
Case study: MS SQL server, MySQL server.
Books Recommended
1. A. Silberschatz
2. James Martin
3. Uillman
4. Abey
: Database System Concepts.
: Principles of Data_Base Management.
: Database Management systems.
: Oracle 8i a Beginners Guide
14
CST 305: Computer Networks
Marks: 75
Introduction: Introduction to Computer Networks, Network Goals and Applications, Network Architectures,
OSI reference model, TCP/IP model and terminology, Connectionless and Connection Oriented services,
Network Topologies, Service primitives, Public Networks, The ARPANET, SNA.
Physical Layer: Circuit switching and Packet switching, X-25 protocol, ISDN, BISDN, Frame relay and Cell
relay.
Medium Access Sublayer: Static and Dynamic channel allocation in LAN and MAN, LAN Cables, Pure and
slotted ALOHA, Persistent and Non persistent CSMA, CSMA with collision detection and collision free
protocols, IEEE standard 802.3 and Ethernet, Token Bus and Token Ring, FDDI, Fibernet II, DATAKIT.
Data Link Layer: Service provided to the network layer, Framing, Flow control, Error detecting and Correcting
Codes, Stop-and-Wait protocol, Sliding Window protocol, Go Back n protocol, Selective Repeat
protocol, Performance of Stop-and Wait and Sliding Window protocol, Data Link layer in Public network
and ARPANET.
Network Layer: Service provided to the Transport layer, Internal organization of Network layer, Routing
algorithms, Internetworking, Router, Bridge, Gateway, Network layer in Public network and ARPANET.
Transport Layer: Services provided to the Session layer, Quality of service, Transmission Controls protocols,
Connection management, Addressing, Establishing and Releasing Connection, Flow control and
Buffering, Multiplexing, Transport layer in Public network and ARPANET.
Session Layer: Services provided to the Presentation layer, Data exchange, Synchronization, Dialog and
Activity management, OSI session service primitives.
Presentation Layer: Data Compression techniques, Frequency Dependent Coding, Context Dependent Encoding,
Cryptography, Traditional Cryptography, Data Encryption Standard, Public key cryptography, MIT
algorithm.
Application Layer: File transfer Access and management, Electronic Mail, Virtual Terminal, Client Server,
Other applications, OSI service elements.
Internet: Introduction to internet and intranets, internet protocols, Internet services and goals, Domain Name
System (DNS) and Addresses, FTP, Gopher and Telnet, World Wide Web (WWW), Internet Relay Chat
(IRC), USENET, DHCP and BOOTP.
Books Recommended
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A.S. Tanenbaum
G. H. Cady, Pat McGregor
Barry Nance
W. Stallings, Macmillan
F. Halsall, Addison wesley
Sydni Feit
:
:
:
:
:
:
Computer Networks
Mastering The Internet
Introduction to Networking
Data and Computer Communications
Data Communications, Computer Networks and Open Systems
TCP/IP
CST 306: Microprocessor and Assembly Language
Marks: 75
Microprocessors and Microcomputers, Evolution of microprocessors, Microprocessors applications. Intel 8086
Microprocessor: Internal architecture, register structure, programming model, addressing modes, instruction set,
assembly language programming, condition tests, branches; control structures; subroutine and parameter
passage; macros/O. Control signals; I/O port organization and accessing; 8086 family of chips, interrupts and
interrupt Handling; Coprocessors. System design using 8086; on overview of Intel 80186, 80286, 80386, 80486
and Pentium microprocessors. RISC processors, 6800 and 68000 processors.
15
Books Recommended
1. D. V. Hall
2. Y. Liu and G. A. Gibson
3. M. Rafiquuizzaman
4. Artwick
5. Ramesh Goanker
6. James E. Powell
: Microprocessors and Interfacing, McGraw-Hill, 1987.
: Microcomputer Systems: 8086/8088 Family, Prentice-Hall, 1991.
: Microprocessors and Microprocessor Based Systems Design
: Microcomputer Interfacing
: Microcomputer Interfacing
:Designing User Interfaces
CST 307: Interactive Programming and Multimedia Systems
Marks: 75
Interactive Programming:
Windows Programming: Dynamic Linking, APIS windows and message, queued and nonqueued message, An
introduction to GDI, client & non-client area. Keystroke message, character message, client & non-client area
mouse message. Timer message. Chill window controls (Button static, scroll bar, Edit, Listbox, combo Box
class). Menus and other resources (Icons, Cursors, strings): Dialog Boxes, modal, modaless and common dialog
box clipboard. Printing and spooling. Printing Graphics and text. Multi-Document interfacing, Multitasking and
Multithreads sound and music. Windows sockets, Internet APIs, (HTTP, FTP).Case Study: Visual studio,
Borland C/C++.
X-Window System Programming: Introduction to X Window System, X-Server, Client/Server Architecture,
Xlib, X Toolkits. Introduction to Xlib, Display, window, Pixmap, color, cursor, call back, Graphics, Events &
event handler , input devices, Locale management, Font Management, Resource Management. Widgets and
Composit widgets, Pop-up Widgets, signal and signal handler, Translation management, objects. Menus, I/O,
RC files. Case Study: GTK, QT, KDevelope. Glade.
Multimedia:
Introduction to Multimedia:- General Concept of Audio, Video, Sound, Text and Graphics; Basic Concept of
Computer-Based Multimedia Production; Multimedia Application, Structures and Organization; Multimedia
presentation, Building Blocks for Text, Graphics, Video and Sound Capturing.
Books:
1.
2.
:
:
Alabajyoti Barkakati, [PHI-1995]
James Gettys 1996
:
:
3.
4.
:
:
Tony Gale
Nabajyoti Barkakati
:
:
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
:
:
:
:
:
Charles Petzold, Microsoft press
John Villamil-Casanova, Louis Molina
John Villamil-Casanova, Leony Fernandez-Elias
John Villamil-Casanova, Louis Molina
CD
:
:
:
:
:
10.
:
CD
:
Object-Oriented Programming in C ++
Xlib C Language X Interface
X Consortium Standdard
X Version 11, Release 6.4
GTK Tutorial, February, 2000
X Window System Programming
SAMS, 1991
Windows Programming
Multimedia. An Introduction
Multimedia. Graphics
Multimedia Sound & Video
Qt On-line Reference Documentation
TrollTeck 2000
X Toolkit Intrinsics C Language Interface
X Window System
X Version II, Release 6.4
[April, 1994]
CST 308: Information System Analysis and Design
Marks: 75
Introduction to information systems, general design consideration of information systems.
16
Overview: system concepts and the information systems environment, information needs, the concepts of MIS,
the system development life cycle, the role of the systems analysis.
Systems Analysis: Systems planning and the initial investigation, information gathering, the tools of structured
analysis, feasibility study, cost benefit analysis.
Systems Design: The process and stages of systems design, input/output and forms design, file organization and
data base design.
System Implementation: system testing and quality assurance, implementation and software maintenance,
hardware/software selection, project scheduling and software, Security, disaster/recovery, and ethics in system
development.
Case studies of various information systems such as: Library management system, inventory system, voter
identity management system, payroll system, etc.
Books Recommended
1.
2.
3.
:
:
:
4.
E.M. Awad
P. Rdwards
J.G. Burch Jr., F.R. Strater and G.
Grundnitski
G. Scott.
5.
A. Daniels and D. Yeates
:
:
System analysis and Design Galgotia Publication Ltd, 1994.
System Analysis & Design, McGraw-Hill, 1993.
Information systems: Theory and Practice, 5 th Ed., John Wiley &
Sons.
Principles of Management Information Systems, McGraw-Hill,
1986.
Basic system analysis, Galgottia, 1990.
17
4th Year
CST 401: E-Commerce
Marks: 75
E-Commerce Basics: E-Commerce Definition, Internet History and E-Commerce Development, Business-toBusiness E-Commerce, Business-to-Consumer E-Commerce, E-Commerce Stages and Processes, E-Commerce
Challenges, E-Commerce Opportunities
E-Commerce Options: Internet Access Requirements, Web Hosting Requirements, Entry-Level Options,
Storefront and Template Services, E-Commerce Software Packages, E-Commerce Developers, E-Business
Solutions.
Marketing Issues: Online and Offline Market Research, Data Collection, Domain Names, Advertising Options,
E-Mail Marketing, Search Engines, Web Site Monitoring, Incentives
Planning and Development: Web Site Goals, International Issues, Planning Stages, Resource Allocation,
Content Development, Site Map Development, Web Site Design Principles, Web Site Design Tools, Web Page
Programming Tools, Data-Processing Tools. E-Commerce Components: Navigation Aids, Web Site Search
Tools, Databases, Forms, Shopping Carts, Checkout Procedures, Shipping Options.
Payment Processing: Electronic Payment Issues, E-Cash, Credit Card Issues, Merchant Accounts, Online
Payment Services, Transaction Processing, Taxation Issues, Mobile Commerce (M-Commerce)
Security Issues: Security Issues and Threats, Security Procedures, Encryption, Digital Certificates, SSL and
SET Technologies, Authentication and Identification, Security Providers, Privacy Policies, Legal Issues.
Customer Service: Customer Service Issues, E-Mail Support , Telephone Support , Live Help Services,
Customer Discussion Forums, Value-Added Options.
References:
1. Jeffrey F., Rayport, Bernard J. Jaworsk, “E-Commerce”, Mc Graw-Hill, ISBN-0072465212, 1st Edition.
2. David Kosiur, “Understanding Electronic Commerce” Microsoft Press.
3. Jeffrey F. Rayport, et al., “Introduction to E-Commerce”, Mc Graw-Hill, 1st Edition Aug-13,2001.
4. Debra Cameron, “E-Commerce Security Strategies: Protection the Enterprise”, Computer Technology
Research Corp. Aug-1998.
5. Charles Trepper: E-Commerce Strategies
6. SAMS Publisher: Web programming A desktop Reference
CST 402: Computer Peripherals and Interfacing
Marks: 75
Basic Interfacing Techniques: Review of computers signals used for interfacing, Address Decoding
techniques, DI/DO Registers design and interface with the computer, p controlled and external device
controlled interfacing techniques, PPI, DMA controller, interrupt controller, programmable interval timer,
interfacing with memory, monitor, printers, keyboard; design of computer controlled system using serial
and parallel ports.
Interfacing with real world: Signal conditioning techniques, interfacing with sensors, transducer, measurement
of different electrical quantities- voltage current etc., interfacing with ADC and DAC to control real
world devices, stepper motor, motor speed control, smart data acquisition card design, temp control.
Case study: VGA card, Sound card, Ethernet card etc.
Books Recommended
1. Rafiquzzaman
2. Artwick
3. Ramesh Goanker
4. James E. Powell
: Microprocessor and Microcomputer based system design
: Microcomputer Interfacing
: Microcomputer Interfacing
: Designing User Interfaces
18
CST 403 : Software Engineering
Marks :75
The product, the process, managing software projects, project management concepts, software myths, software
process models. Software process and project metrics. size-oriented metrics and function oriented metrics.
Software project estimation.
Risk management, software risk vs problem. Risk assessment RMMM. Scheduling, Degree of rigor. Software
quality assurance, cost of quality. Formal technical reviews. Statistical quality assurance.
Analysis modeling, requirement analysis, FAST. Data modeling, DFD, Behavioral modeling, Data dictionary.
Software architecture. Design concepts and principle. Design methods.
Software testing, write-box testing, black-box testing, basic-path testing, control-structure testing, alpha-testing,
beta-testing.
Object oriented concepts, operation, methods, and services, messages encapsulation, inheritance, and
polymorphism, OOP metrics and estimation, object-oriented analysis, OO design and testing. Formal method.
CASE STUDY: Rational rose, Visual modeler (UML) etc.
Books Recommended
1. Roger S. Pressman
: Software Engineering, A practitioner's Approach, Second Edition
2. Richard Fairley
: Software Engineering Concepts.
3. Robert N. Charette
: Software Engineering Environments
4. Wrox Publisher: UML in a Nutshell
5. Wrox Publisher: Instant UML
CST 404: Parallel Processing and Distributed System
Marks: 75
Introduction: Trends towards Parallel processing, Parallel processing mechanism, Multiprogramming and Time
sharing, Parallel Computer Structures, Parallelism and Pipelining, Parallel processing applications,
Speedup Performance Laws, Parallel Random Access Machines (PRAM) and VLSI model.
Hardware Technology: Advanced processor Technology, Superscalar and Vector processor, Shared memory
organization, Design of Linear and Non linear Pipeline processor, Multiprocessor System Interconnects.
Pipelining and Vector Processing: Principles of Pipelining, Classification of pipelined processors, Instruction
and Arithmetic pipeline design, Vector Processing principles, Vector processing requirements, Designing
Pipelined processors, Compound Vector processing, Recent Vector processors, Vectorization and
Optimization methods.
Parallel Programming: Parallel Programming models, Parallel Languages and Compilers, Code Optimization
and Scheduling, Loop Parallelization and Pipelining, Parallel Programming Environments, Sharedvariable program structures, mapping programs onto Multicomputers.
Distributed Processing: Introduction, Function distribution, Hierarchical and Horizontal distributed system,
Strategies for distributed data processing, Data distribution, Conflict analysis, Distributed Database and
applications. Transaction and distributed transaction, concurrency control, security in distributed system.
Books Recommended
1
.
2
.
3
.
4
.
Kai Hwang (Senior Consulting Edition)
:
Kai Hwang, Faye A. Briggs
:
Advanced Computer Architecture
Parallelism, Scalability, Programmability
Computer Architecture and Parallel Processing
R. J. Cypser
:
Communication Architecture for distributed system
James Martin
:
Design and Strategy for distributed data processing
19
CST 405: Simulation and Modelling
Marks: 75
Simulation methods: Introduction to Simulation, Random number generator, analogue simulation of continuous
system, Discrete system simulation, Simulation of a pert network, Statistical analysis of result, Validation
and verification techniques, Application of simulation to problems e.g. business, operation research,
operating system, Computer design, Introduction to simulation packages, Computer animation.
Modelling :- Introduction to modelling techniques, Problems, models and systems, Modelling concepts, Logic
for (conceptual) modelling, Logic programming for conceptual modelling, Concepts of relational
modelling and its practice. Some practical modelling e.g. Relational Database modelling, Different
methods for Curves and surface modelling, Fractals, Polyhedral modelling with Euler’s formula,
Advanced modelling, Procedural models. Case Study: Simulation and Modeling software: SimScript.
Books Recommended
1. J. A. Spriet
2. R. S. Lehman
3. G. Cordon
4. James D. Foley Andries van Dam
: Computer Aided Modeling & Simulation.
: Computer Simulation and Modeling.
: System Simulation.
: Computer Graphics.
CST 406: Computer Graphics
Marks: 75
Introduction: A survey of Computer Graphics, Overview on basic components of Computer Graphics, Graphics
Input devices, Architecture of Graphics display devices, Video memory.
Fundamental Graphics Algorithms: Scan Conversion of Points and Lines, Line drawing algorithm, DDA
algorithm, Bresenham’s Line algorithm, Bresenham’s circle drawing algorithm, Loading the frame
buffer, circle generating algorithm, Midpoint circle algorithm, Ellipse generating algorithm, Midpoint
Ellipse algorithm, pixel addressing, Region Filling algorithms.
Clipping Operations: Point clipping, line clipping, polygons clipping, curve clipping, text clipping
Implementation of Computer Graphics: Co-ordinates Transformations, Two and Three dimensional
Transformation, Viewing and Clipping, Projections, 3D object representations, Curves and Surface
Design, Elimination of Hidden surfaces, Z-buffer algorithm, Painters algorithm, scan-line algorithm,
Vector mathematics method, Raster graphics systems, Image synthesis methods, Ray tracing, Shadow
mapping, color and shading models.
Books Recommended
1. Steven Haringtron
2. Hearn and Baker
3. F. S. Hill
4. Plastock and Kalley
5. Zhigang Xiang & Roy Plastock
: Computer Graphics a Programming Approach, Second Edition, 1987.
: Computer Graphics.
: Fundamentals of Computer Graphics.
: Computer Graphics.
: Computer Graphics.
CST 407: Digital Signal and Image Processing
Marks: 75
Digital Signal Processing: Digital signal processing model, Discrete time signal and system, Discrete Fourier
Transform (DFT),; Separability, Convolution and Correlation properties of DFT, Convolution theorem,
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Z-Transform, Sampling theorem, Different types of window, Digital Filter
design.
20
Fundamentals of Image processing: Digital Image representation, Elements of image processing system,
Problems and Applications of image processing, Mathematical model of image, Image sampling and
quantization, two dimensional image transformation, Binary and Gray level images, Photographic film.
Image enhancement: Enhancement in spatial and frequency domains, some simple Intensity transformations,
Histogram equalization, Histogram specification, Image subtraction, Image average, Filtering in
frequency domain.
Image Analysis: Image compression- fundamentals and models, Image segmentation- edge detection,
thresholding and region oriented segmentation, Morphological image processing. Image processing on
remote sensing data.
Books Recommended
1. Defatta
2. Rafeal C. Gonzalez & Richard E. Woods
3. Gordon E. Carlson
: Digital Signal Processing
: Digital Image Processing.
: Signal and Linear System Analysis
21