Vocab List - Newcomers High School

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Part I- Constitutional Principles
Chapter 1- Constitutional Democracy
democracy
Articles of Confederation
direct democracy
Annapolis Convention
representative democracy
Constitutional Convention
constitutional democracy
Shay’s Rebellion
constitutionalism
bicameralism
statism
Virginia Plan
popular consent
New Jersey Plan
majority
Connecticut Compromise
plurality
three-fifths compromise
social capital
Federalists
ideology
Antifederalists
theocracy
The Federalist
Chapter 2- The Living Constitution
natural law
recall
separation of powers
judicial review
checks and balances
writ of mandamus
divided government
impeachment
direct primary
executive order
initiative
executive privilege
referendum
impoundment
Chapter 3- American Federalism
devolution
concurrent powers
federalism
full faith and credit clause
unitary system
extradition
confederation
interstate compact
express powers
national supremacy
implied powers
preemption
necessary and proper clause
centralists
inherent powers
decentralists
commerce clause
revenue sharing
federal mandate
Part II- Political Process
Chapter 4- Political Culture and Ideology
social capital
monopolies
political culture
antitrust legislation
natural rights
ideology
democratic consensus
liberalism
majority rule
conservatism
popular sovereignty
socialism
American Dream
environmentalism
Capitalism
libertarianism
Chapter 5- The American Political Landscape
ethnocentrism
reinforcing cleavages
political socialization
cross-cutting cleavages
demographics
manifest destiny
predisposition
race
gross domestic product (GDP)
ethnicity
socioeconomic status (SES)
gender gap
Chapter 6- Interest Groups: The Politics of Influence
issue advocacy
amicus curiae brief
faction
lobbying
interest group
lobbyist
movement
revolving door
open shop
iron triangle
closed shop
political action committee (PAC)
free rider
bundling
Federal Register
soft money
Chapter 7- Political Parties: Essential to Democracy
party column ballot
proportional representation
office block ballot
winner-take all
nonpartisan
minor party
patronage
realigning election
soft money
laissez-faire
honeymoon
Keynesian economics
caucus
divided government
party convention
political party
direct primary
national party convention
open primary
party registration
crossover voting
party identification
closed primary
dealignment
Chapter 8- Public Opinion, Participation and Voting
public opinion
Australian ballot
political socialization
turnout
attentive public
party identification
voter registration
Chapter 9- Campaigns and Elections: Democracy in Action
winner-take-all
caucus
single-member district
national party convention
proportional representation
interested money
Electoral College
soft money
safe seat
issue advocacy
coattail effect
independent expenditures
Chapter 10- The Media and American Politics
mass media
political socialization
news media
selective exposure
issue ad
selective perception
fairness doctrine
Part III- Policy-Making Institutions
Chapter 11- Congress: The Peoples Branch
safe seat
minority leader
reapportionment
whip
redistricting
party caucus
gerrymandering
closed rule
bicameralism
open rule
Speaker
hold
majority leader
president pro tempore
filibuster
rider
cloture
pocket veto
senatorial courtesy
override
delegate
joint committee
trustee
select or special committee
attentive public
discharge petition
log rolling
seniority rule
standing committee
conference committee
Chapter 12- The Presidency: The Leadership Branch
divided government
Office of Management and Budget
Executive Office of the President
cabinet
Chapter 13- Congressional Presidential Relations
executive privilege
pocket veto
executive order
item veto
veto
Chapter 14- The Judiciary: The Balancing Branch
judicial review
petit jury
adversary system
magistrate judge
justiciable dispute
court of appeals
class action suit
habeas corpus
political question
defendant
stare decisis
plea bargain
appellate jurisdiction
public defender system
original jurisdiction
senatorial courtesy
grand jury
judicial restraint
judicial activism
opinion of the court
writ of certiorari
dissenting opinion
amicus curaie
concurring opinion
Chapter 15- The Bureaucracy the Real power
bureaucrat
government corporation
bureaucracy
independent agency
spoils sytem
independent regulatory board
merit system
Office of Management and Budget
Office of Personnel Management (OPM)
Hatch Act
bureau
iron triangle
Part IV- Rights and Liberties
Chapter 16- First Amendment Freedoms
writ of habeas corpus
preferred position doctrine
ex post facto law
nonprotected speech
bill of attainder
libel
due process clause
sedition
selective incorporation
obscenity
establishment clause
fighting words
free exercise clause
commercial speech
bad tendency test
prior restraint
clear and present danger test
civil disobedience
Chapter 17- Rights to Life, Liberty, and Property
naturalization
contract clause
dual citizenship
police powers
right of expiration
eminent domain
property rights
regulatory taking
grand jury
due process
indictment
procedural due process
plea bargain
substantive due process
petit jury
search warrant
double jeopardy
exclusionary rule
racial profiling
immunity
community policing
Chapter 18- Equal Rights Under the Law
natural rights
literacy test
affirmative action
majority-minority district
women’s suffrage
Jim Crow laws
equal protection clause
de jure segregation
due process clause
de facto segregation
white primary
commerce clause
racial gerrymandering
class action suite
poll tax
racial or religious restrictive covenants
Part V- The Politics of National Policy
Chapter 19- Making Economic and Regulatory Policy
fiscal policy
gross domestic product (GDP)
monetary policy
entitlement program
tariff
Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
excise tax
Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
progressive tax
concurrent resolution
regressive tax
reconciliation
deficit
General Accounting Office (GAO)
debt
comptroller general
sales tax
regulation
value-added tax (VAT)
independent regulatory agency
tax expenditure
monopoly
monetarism
antitrust regulation
Federal Reserve Board
trust
laissez-faire economics
interlocking directorate
Keynesian economics
yellow-dog contract
inflation
closed shop
trade deficit
union shop
World Trade Organization (WTO)
labor injunction
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
collective bargaining
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
environmental impact statement
protectionism
deregulation
Chapter 20- Making Social Policy
Social Security
health maintenance organization (HMO)
entitlement programs
medical savings account
Medicare
vouchers
Medicaid
charter schools
fee for service
Chapter 21- Making Foreign and Defense Policy
permanent normal trade relations status (PNTR)
economic sanctions
bipartisanship
Part IV- State and Local Government
Chapter 22- State and Local Politics: Who Governs?
social stratification
redistributivepolicies
Chapter 23- State Constitutions: Charters or Straitjackets?
judicial interpretation
revision commission
new judicial federalism
constitutional initiative petition
Chapter 24- Parties and Elections in the States
party column ballot
two-party state
straight ticket
one-party state
office block ballot
closed primary
split ticket
crossover voting
soft money
open primary
issue advocacy
blanket primary
party caucus
turnout
redistricting
disclosure
Chapter 25- State Legislatures
bicameral legislature
redistricting
unicameral legislature
gerrymandering
legislative caucus
malaportionment
lobby
majority-minority district
trustee
initiative
delegate
referendum
federal mandate
recall
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