Introduction to Psychology: Test 4
Spring Semester 2009(12:30)
Name
_____________________________________
Chapter 9: Motivation & Emotion
1. A theory of motivation that attempts to explain how we are motivated by characteristics in
the environment that pull us toward them is a (an) _______________ theory.
A. internal
B. external
C. nature
D. instinct
2. The Yerkes-Dodson law says that we perform best when:
A. we are highly aroused.
B. we are least aroused.
C. we are optimally or moderately aroused.
D. we are really anxious.
3. When we say that people are “external” eaters, we mean that their eating patterns:
A. involve a lot of picnicking
B. are controlled by biological drives
C. are controlled by social motives D. are too responsive to available food
4. Which of the following is a symptom or characteristic of bulimia nervosa?
A. distorted body image
B. hating to eat, seeing food as distasteful
C. becoming extremely thin
D. binging and purging
5. Research found that twelve percent of American girls and 5% of boys say that they have been
forced to have sex. Among those who had sex voluntarily, 25% said that they really did not want
to do so. In another study 72% of 12-17 year old high-school girls who had sex said they
regretted it. What is the most obvious interpretation of these findings considered together?
A. Better sex education is needed.
B. People need attitude adjustments.
C. People are being pressured into unwanted sex. D. These studies are contradictory.
6. What are the chances of a sexually active adolescent in the U.S. contracting an STD (sexually
transmitted disease) in the course of a year?
A. 1 in 20
B. 1 in 10
C. 1 in 6
D. 1 in 4
7. Which of the following is true of lie-detector tests?
A. They are very accurate.
B. They really just measure physiological arousal.
C. They sometimes show guilty people to be innocent, but never innocent people guilty.
D. They sometimes show innocent people to be guilty, but never guilty people innocent.
8. Research has shown that putting a high value on love and a low value on money:
A. correlates with strong life satisfaction. B. correlates with poor life satisfaction.
C. is not associated with life satisfaction.
D. is very unusual in the United States.
9. Sexual motivation comes from a combination of forces which include all except:
A. physiological readiness
B. mental set
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C. social pressures.
D. survival needs
Mark the following either A (true) or B (false).
A. 9. People who have a meaningful religious faith report being happier.
B. 10. Younger people are happier than older people.
A. 11. Money cannot truly buy happiness, although it can relieve some misery.
A. 12. The more educated people become, the happier they are.
14. Why do cultural standards in American not discourage irresponsible sexual behavior or
being coerced into unwanted sex?
A. American standards provide strong reasons not to do these things, but are largely ignored..
B. Cultural standards cannot provide a balance to other social pressures.
C. American cultural standards are weak because of cultural confusion and division.
D. American cultural standards actually agree with these behaviors.
15. What might be the easiest to believe motive for a boss who sexually harasses an employee?
A. simple desire for physical pleasure
B. inability to control physical attraction
C. thrill of exercising power over someone D. hope of getting the employee to quit
16. Is sexual orientation the result of genetic heritage or of learning and experience?
A. Clearly genetic heritage.
B. Clearly learning & experience.
C. Genetic for some, learned for others.
D. It is unclear; both have an influence.
17. In what type of situation does sex have the greatest potential for satisfaction and the least
potential for psychological harm?
A. a heterosexual relationship
B. a short-term relationship
C. a caring and committed relationship D. about equal across all relationships
18. What college student behaviors tell us that knowing about “safer sex” is not enough?
A. high numbers of sexual partners
B. One-night stands with casual acquaintances
C. frequent condom less sex
D. all of these
19. What is the central lesson from the Cochran & Mays (1990) study which said that 20% of
men and 4% of women would lie to a potential sex partner about being HIV positive?
A. You should be frequently tested for STDs.
B. To be safer, sex should be restricted to very well-known partners.
C. Since people lie you never know, so you might as well not worry about it.
D. People who would do this should be prosecuted.
Chapter 12: Stress, Health & Coping
20. An event becomes a stressor when:
A. it is external rather than internal
B. it is repeated, like a hassle
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C. it is important to us
D. we perceive it as a threat
21. According to Dr. Candace Pert, the brain and mind function as a single psychosomatic
network for which the crucial link is:
A. the amygdala
B. the hypothalamus
C. the emotions
D. the will
Match the following with their definitions or descriptions.
A. stress-reducing
B. optimistic explanatory style
C. type A personality
D. fear-based
E. cognitive appraisal
B. 22. Believing that many or most things that happen to you are a function of the situation and
not the result of an internal flaw or problem that will cause trouble in many areas of your life.
E. 23. Initially assessing a situation to determine whether it might be threatening and you must
respond, coupled with a later evaluation of what resources you have to cope with it.
C. 24. Being ambitious, hard-driving, hostile, and compared to many others, heart-attack prone.
D. 25. A thought life associated only or primarily with negative emotions.
A. 26. This list would include social support, aerobic exercise, perceived control, predictability,
and optimism.
27. Which of the following is true of the physiological effects of stress?
A. They are very temporary, just until the body exhausts the initial hormones.
B. Stress is good for your heart. It exercises it by making it beat faster.
C. Stress suppresses the immune system, making you vulnerable to diseases.
D. The primary effects of stress are on the digestive system.
Chapter 11: Psychological Disorders
28. A person who has Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is most likely to be bothered by:
A. panic attacks
B. hearing voices
C. disturbing, intrusive memories
D. the need for “checking”
29. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, (DSM-IV) contains
information designed to be used to ____________________ mental disorders.
A. Diagnose
B. Determine treatment for
C. Determine the causes of
D. None of the above.
30. There are some objections to labeling a person with a psychiatric diagnosis because it has the
disadvantage of:
A. conveying possible information about the possible causes of the disorder.
B. conveying information about the prognosis.
C. creating sympathy for the patient.
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D. biasing others toward perceiving their behavior as disordered.
31. A repetitive behavior (such as hand washing) that is often used to reduce the anxiety coming
from a negative, repetitive thought is:
A. a compulsion
B. an obsession
C. a delusion
D. a hallucination
Match the model of mental illness with its description.
A. medical
B. diasthesis-stress
C. bio-psycho-social
B. 32. Psychological disorder is the result of a predisposition for it that is triggered by
environmental stresses.
A. 33. Psychological disorders have a biological basis like physical diseases and can be
classified into discrete categories.
C. 34. In order to understand psychological disorders, one must consider genetics and brain
chemistry and structures along with personal experiences and cultural factors defining normality
and disorder.
35. Symptoms of major depression include:
A. hopelessness
C. disturbed sleep patterns
B. difficulty concentrating
D. all of these
36. A person is considered psychologically disordered when his or her behavior:
A. is atypical and violates cultural norms.
B. is maladaptive and impairs his or her social or occupational functioning.
C. causes personal distress.
D. has all three of the above characteristics.
37. One characteristic common to people with antisocial personality disorder is that:
A. they have low arousal levels
B. they have small hippocampuses
C. they were anxious as children
D. their thinking is disorganized
38. Which of the following is not true of major depression? The sufferer _____________.
A. probably feels worthless, helpless, and hopeless.
B. probably has difficulty concentrating and disturbed sleep patterns.
C. is in danger of attempting suicide.
D. is more likely to live in the U.S. than in Paris.
39. Wilma is extremely agitated because she hears voices that tell her to sexually seduce the male
nurses in her hospital ward. Wilma is most clearly suffering from what symptom?
A. delusions
B. hallucinations
C. obsessions
D. compulsions
40. Obsessive-compulsive disorders are characterized by obsessions which are uncontrollable:
A. thoughts
B. behaviors
C. emotions
D. fears
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41. In which category of mental disorders do “con” men and serial killers usually fall?
A. multiple personality
B. schizophrenia
C. antisocial personality
D. bipolar
42. The disorder that many psychologists and psychiatrists question as being a genuine disorder
as opposed to a possible therapist-induced symptom pattern is ___________________.
A. Paranoid Schizophrenia
B. Dissociative Identity Disorder
C. Manic-depression
D. Obsessive-compulsive
43. Mood disorders involving extreme mood swings toward both high and low levels of
expression and energy are known as ______________ disorders.
A. manic
B. dysthymic
C. bipolar
D. seasonal affective
44. Sam claims that he has heard a voice commanding him to warn other people that eating is
harmful. His thinking and speech are often fragmented and hard to understand. In addition, he
has an unreasonable fear that somebody is “out to get him.” What psychological disorder does
this represent?
A. schizophrenia
B. phobic disorder
C. antisocial personality
D. mood swings
45. While he was studying, Emmet was suddenly overwhelmed by feelings of intense
apprehension. For several minutes he felt so agitated that he could not catch his breath. Emmet
was most likely suffering from a (n):
A. bipolar disorder
B. panic disorder
C. obsessive-compulsive disorder
D. delusional disorder
Chapter 11: Treatment
46. Carolyn’s therapist told her to relax and spontaneously say whatever thoughts or images
came to her mind. Her therapist was using the psychoanalytic technique known as:
A. transference
B. free association
C. dream interpretation
D. conditional positive regard
47. Which type of psychotherapy is currently the most popular?
A. cognitive
B. behavioral
C. humanistic
48. What is the focus of cognitive therapy?
A. gaining conscious insight
C. correcting irrational thoughts
D. none
B. changing behavior
D. creating an accepting atmosphere
49. What type of professional do most people seek when they have a problem?
A. the pastor or religious leader
B. the family doctor
C. a licensed counselor
D. a psychiatrist
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50. When choosing a therapist, it is most important to make sure that he or she:
A. has the right credentials (training).
B. is a person that you like.
C. shares your values.
D. empathizes with your problem.
51. What are antidepressant drugs used to treat in addition to depression?
A. schizophrenia
B. anxiety disorders
C. personality disorders
D. dissociative disorders
52. Where did the ideas behind behavioral therapy come from?
A. classical conditioning
B. operant conditioning
C. both A & B
D. neither A nor B
53. Which of the following is true concerning the evaluation of therapy?
A. It has been thoroughly scientifically proven to be effective.
B. It is hard to evaluate because it is hard to define how good the outcome should be.
C. Patients/clients usually give it a very negative evaluation.
D. Research has most often shown therapy to be ineffective.
54. Which of the following is true of biomedical therapy?
A. Brain surgery has proven effective in curing mental disorders.
B. Electroconvulsive therapy (shock treatment) is no longer used.
C. There is usually no one-to-one match between the diagnosis and the prescribed drug.
D. Psychiatrists are using fewer drugs in treatment than they used to.
55. What is another name for the anti-anxiety drugs that act quickly and tend to be addictive?
A. anti-depressants
B. anti-psychotics
C. tranquilizers
D. lithium
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