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#1
Students often like to study with others in a group. What do you think are the benefits
of group study?
? Give at least one benefit.
? Explain your reasons.
#2
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Children should receive money for doing household tasks such as cleaning.
Use specific examples and details to support your opinion.
#3
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Read a student letter in the campus newspaper. You will have 50 seconds to read the
letter. Begin reading now.
An Airport Bus for School Breaks
Students who fly home for the winter and spring breaks need to get to and from the
airport, which is a half-hour drive from campus. I think the university should run
a free bus service for students between campus and the airport during the breaks.
This would help the students, since there is no public transportation between campus
and
the
airport.
In
order
to
provide
service
to
http://doc.xuehai.net/b0bc6c5dab2b6b93efd012c41.htmlthe airport, some of the buses
that normally run between campus buildings when classes are in session could run
between the school and the airport during the school breaks.
Sincerely,
Laura Johnson
Now listen to two students discussing the letter.
(woman) Did you see this, Jim? What do you think about her idea?
(man) I think it’d be great. It’d make things much less expensive cause our campus
is located outside the city. If you can’t get a friend with a car to give you a ride,
there is no other way to get to the airport. And your only choice is to take a taxi.
(woman) I know. I’ve had to take a taxi before and it’s pretty expensive.
(man) Yeah, like thirty or forty dollars which is a lot especially for students.
(woman) Yeah, definitely
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(man) And I think it would work what she’s suggesting. I mean, there is less need
for
buses
on
campus
during
that
time
shttp://doc.xuehai.net/b0bc6c5dab2b6b93efd012c41.htmltudents
to
between
take
the
buildings.
(woman
) You mean because classes are over then?
(man) Yeah, exactly, there might some final exams still going on but regular classes
won’t be meeting. There are much fewer students left on campus and they don’t need
to get around campus that often.
(woman) Yeah, I guess they’re just making occasional trips to take exams or go to
the library or gym or whatever.
(man) Right, it shouldn’t cause any problems for anyone who still needs to get around
campus.
The man expresses his opinion about the proposal described in the letter. Briefly
summarize the proposal then state his opinion about the proposal and explain the
reasons he gives for holding that opinion.
#4
Read a passage about the choice-supportive bias from a Psychology textbook. You will
have 45 seconds to read the passage. Begin reading now.
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Choice-Supportivehttp://doc.xuehai.net/b0bc6c5dab2b6b93efd012c41.html Bias
People often make decisions by considering the advantages and disadvantages of each
option. However, after a person selects an option, there is a tendency for that person
to exhibit the choice-supportive bias. After selecting an option, a person may begin
to favor that option. Without being fully aware of it, people who exhibit this bias
tend to focus on and remember only the advantages of the option they selected. As
time passes, they will overlook the option’s disadvantages, eventually even
forgetting them.
Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a Psychology class.
(male professor) OK, so an example of this from my own life: five or six years ago,
I was helping a friend of mine decide on a house to buy. He had been in the market
to buy a house and he had it narrowed down to this one house that he was interested
in.
What
he
really
liked
about
this
house
was
it
had
an
excellent
locathttp://doc.xuehai.net/b0bc6c5dab2b6b93efd012c41.htmlion. It was in a great
place that was actually in the same part of town where he was working right up the
street from his job. So he wouldn’t have far to drive to get to work which he really
liked.
However, the downside of this house was that it was smaller than what he was hoping
to buy. He wanted to buy sort of a big house and this house just wasn’t that big.
So it was a tough decision. But my friend eventually did decide to buy the house.
And a few years after he made the purchase, I remember, we were talking about the
decision and why he decided to buy the house. He told me, well, of course, it was
because of the
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house’s location. He told me how happy he was with the fact it was so close to his
work, how great it was only few minutes from his job. I said, “Yes, but, what about
its size? Do you still think the house is kind of small?” And he looked at me kind
of
surprised,
“Small?
What
do
you
mean
small?”http://doc.xuehai.net/b0bc6c5dab2b6b93efd012c41.html Like he didn’t know
what I was talking about. The house’s size, a couple of years after buying it, just
didn’t seem to be on his mind anymore.
Explain
how
the
example
from
the
professor’s
lecture
illustrate
the
choice-supportive bias.
#5
Listen to a conversation between two students.
(man) I don’t know about you, but, I’m really looking forward to summer break.
(woman) I can’t even think that far ahead. I’ve got so much to do before the end
of the semester. I’ve been feeling pretty stressed out lately.
(man) Why? What’s going on?
(woman) Well, I just have so many assignments. I’ve got three major research papers
to do and they all due, basically, at the same time, in two weeks.
(man) Wow! Three? That is a lot. And research papers take a lot of time.
(woman) Right, and between my job and classes, there just aren’t enough hours in
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the day to get them alhttp://doc.xuehai.net/b0bc6c5dab2b6b93efd012c41.htmll done.
(man) Well, is there anything you could cut from your schedule, I mean, you’re working
part-time in an office in town, aren’t you? Why don’t you just reduce your hours
there for a while, at least till you get the papers done.
(woman) Well, I guess I could tell my boss I need to cut back on my hours for a couple
of weeks, uh, but I don’t know, I haven’t been working there very long. I don’t
want to make a bad impression by asking for time off already?
(man) What else could you do?
(woman) Well, another option is I could get an extension on one of the papers. I asked
one of my professors about it, my History professor, and she said it would be OK if
I handed the paper in a week late. So, I guess I could just concentrate on getting
the other two papers done first
(man) Oh, that’s great.
(woman) Yeah, only she said she’d have to take a few points off the grade for the
paper sinhttp://doc.xuehai.net/b0bc6c5dab2b6b93efd012c41.htmlce it would be late,
you know, to be fair to the other students.
(man) Oh, that’s a drag. So what are you gonna do?
(woman) Uh, I don’t know yet.
Briefly summarize the problem the speakers are discussing. Then state which of the
two solutions from the conversation you would recommend. Explain the reasons for your
recommendation.
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#6
Listen to part of a lecture in an Environmental Science class.
(female professor) Roads, paved roads are everywhere and sometimes seem like part
of the natural landscape. But, of course, roads are not part of nature and, if fact,
road construction can have harmful effects on the environment and seriously impact
both animal life and plant
life.
One harmful environmental effect of roads is that they contribute to the movement
of plant species from one area to another. This causes problem for existing plants,
plants already growhttp://doc.xuehai.net/b0bc6c5dab2b6b93efd012c41.htmling in that
area because when a new plant species gets into an area where it wasn’t growing before,
the new plants compete for resources with existing plant life. For example, this
happened in California with a weed called the yellow starthistle. What happened was
the starthistle’s seeds got stuck to the tires of cars driving down the road and
the seeds were distributed to new areas. This put the starthistle in competition for
natural resources, like water, with the original plant life of the area. That made
it harder for the native plants to survive.
Also roads, especially major highways, can act as barriers and divide up an animal’s
habitat into smaller ones where there is not enough food to support the population.
These busy
highways, with cars speeding past day and night, act like boundaries that animals
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are afraid to cross. So they sometimes get shut in on a small piece of land where
there
isn’t
enough
food
shttp://doc.xuehai.net/b0bc6c5dab2b6b93efd012c41.htmlupport
them.
to
This
is
a
serious problem for animals that need access to large expanse of land to look for
food. For example, there are these foxes called Kit foxes that live in the
southwestern United States, They hunt small animals like mice and squirrels which
are spread out over large areas of open grasslands. And now, because of these roads,
the Kit fox population has declined significantly because now they don’t get enough
food.
Using the examples of the starthistle and the Kit fox, describe two ways roads can
affect the environment.
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