Review Test 4 - 17,18,19
17
1. Describe the components of blood and their relative proportions. Define the blood hematocrit. RBC
count, WBC count, MCV, MCHC, hemoglobin level (ESSAY)
2. List the physical characteristics of blood. Indicate the normal volumes for males and females. Discuss
the functions of blood.
3. Define blood plasma and list the components and their functions.
4. Indicate the formed elements of the blood, their structure, function, and
development.
5. Describe the life cycle of RBC and destruction of erythrocytes. (ESSAY) Describe the factors that will
influence the RBC count or hemoglobin level.
6. Examine the disorders of too many and too few of each type of formed element.
7. Define hemostasis. Identify the events of platelet plug formation. List the events of the coagulation
phase of hemostasis. Differentiate between the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of prothrombin
formation. (ESSAY)
8. Explain the mechanism and function of clot retraction and tissue repair. Discuss the factors that limit
clot formation. Describe the chemicals that may inhibit clot formation.
9. List the reasons for transfusion of whole blood, plasma, and blood volume expanders. Discuss the basis
for human blood groups. Identify what factor determines each blood group. Look at the laboratory
experiment covering blood typing. Remember Rh factor
15. Explain the results of a transfusion reaction, and how blood typing is used to avoid such a problem.
18
1. Review heart anatomy, 4 chambers, double pump, Pulmonary-Systemic circuit.
2. Compare the function of the atria and the ventricles, and describe the difference between the function
of the right and left ventricles. Heart valves and heart sounds.
3. Discuss the need for coronary circulation, and name the vessels that play a role in it.
4. Indicate the function and location of the atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves.
5. Name the energetic requirements of cardiac muscle and how these requirements are met.
6. Describe the structures and activities of the intrinsic conduction system. SA& AV nodes, bundle of His
and Purkinje fibers. (ESSAY)
7. (Look at Lab on the ECG) Draw a typical ECG. Label and define the three phases. Compare the
different types of abnormal ECGs. Describe the different types of irregular heart rhythms.
8. Discuss the cardiac cycle in terms of relative pressure in each set of chambers, the ECG, ventricular
volume, and ventricular pressure, heart sounds. (ESSAY)
9.. Define cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate. Calculate cardiac output and cardiac reserve.
List the factors that affect stroke volume of the heart. Frank Starling law of heart
10. Describe the effects of the divisions of the autonomic nervous system on the heart.
11. Explain age-related changes that occur in the heart. Discuss possible changes in heart function due to
these changes.
19
1. Define the oxygenation state of blood in arteries and veins. Describe the structural arrangement and
composition of the layers of blood vessels.
2. State the function of each type of blood vessel. List the types of capillary endothelium and the
functional applications of each.
3. Explain the pathway of blood flow through capillary beds, and the role of precapillary sphincters.
4. Define blood flow, blood pressure, and resistance, and describe the factors that affect each.
5. State the relationship between flow, pressure, and resistance.
6. Discuss systemic blood pressure in terms of pressure gradients and characteristics in each type of
vessel.
7. Define systolic and diastolic pressure, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure. Look at the Blood
pressure lab. (ESSAY)
8. Explain the mechanisms used to regulate blood pressure. (CO, PR, Volume) Hormonal and neural
control. Different types of medication used to regulate BP. Explain how blood flow is regulated by the
body. ESSAY)
9. Define hypertension and hypotension, and identify contributing factors.
10. Discuss special structural adaptations of the fetal circulation.
11. Identify the changes that occur in the vascular system as a consequence of age.