NAME __________________________ DATE _________ PERIOD ______
DNA, RNA, and PROTEINS
1. A nucleotide does NOT contain
a) a lipid
b) a nitrogen base
c) a phosphate group
d) a sugar
2. The diagram to the right shows the process of DNA…
a) replication b)transcription c) translation d) transformation
3. In mRNA, each codon codes for a particular
a) ribose
b) nucleotide c) amino acid d) DNA
4. A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein is called a…
a) gene
b) ribose
c) phosphate
d) tRNA
5. The main enzyme involved in linking individual nucleotides into DNA molecules is called:
a) transfer RNA
b) ribose
c) gene
d) DNA polymerase
6. During replication, which sequence of nucleotides would bond with the DNA sequence of ATGCA?
a) ATGCA
b) GCATG
c) TACGT
d) TAGCT
e) UAGCU
7. Changes in the DNA sequence that affect genetic information are known as…
a) transformations
b) mutations c) replications d) prokaryotes
8. Which of the following does NOT describe the structure of DNA?
a) double helix b) contains A-U pairs c) sugar-phosphate backbone d) double-stranded
9. The job of tRNA is to…
a) send the mRNA out into the cytoplasm
b) block translation
c) deliver amino acids to the mRNA strand
d) replicate DNA
10. Which nucleotide is always paired with Adenine IN A DNA MOLECULE?
A. Adenine
D. Cytosine
B. Thymine
E. Uracil
C. Guanine
11. Which nucleotide is always paired with Adenine IN AN RNA MOLECULE?
A. Adenine
D. Cytosine
B. Thymine
E. Uracil
C. Guanine
12. DNA replication results in two DNA molecules, ___________________________________________
A. each with two new strands
B. one with two new strands and one with 2 original strands
C. each with two original strands
D. each with one new strand and one original strand
13. Where in the cell does transcription take place?
A. in the nucleus
B. on ribosomes in the cytoplasm
C. in Golgi bodies
D. on the nucleosomes
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14. Where in the cell does translation take place?
A. in the nucleus
B. on ribosomes in the cytoplasm
C. in Golgi bodies
D. on the nucleosomes
15. How many codons are needed to specify NINE AMINO ACIDS?
A. 3
B. 6
C. 9
D. 12
17. The enzyme that transcribes (does transcription) a gene is called the _______________
A. DNA polymerase
C. helicase
B. RNA polymerase
D. transcribase
18.The enzyme that replicates DNA is called the _______________
A. DNA polymerase
C. helicase
B. RNA polymerase
D. transcribase
19. The enzyme that unwinds DNA is called the _______________
A. DNA polymerase
C. helicase
B. RNA polymerase
D. transcribase
20. A scientist analyzed several DNA samples to determine the proportions of G’s and C’s to A’s and T’s. Which
sample(s) support(s) the base-pairing rule? EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER, DEFINING WHAT THE BASEPAIRING RULE IS.
Sample
A
B
C
% of Bases in Three Samples of DNA
G
C
A
10
10
40
30
20
30
25
25
25
21. What is the complimentary (matching) strand to the single DNA strand below?
ATCGTCATTCGAATGA
22. Transcribe the single strand of DNA (shown below) into mRNA.
AGTCGTAGG
23. What protein will this strand of DNA code for?
TACGCATGA
2
T
40
20
25
MATCH THE PROCESS WITH ITS DESCRIPTION:
TRANSLATION
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
TRANSCRIPTION
REPLICATION
Making an complementary RNA sequence from a DNA code (DNA  RNA)
Making a DNA copy of a DNA molecule (DNA  DNA)
Making proteins from an RNA message (RNA  protein)
Happens at the ribosome
Happens in the nucleus
Involves DNA polymerase
Use words from the word bank to match the following:
m-RNA
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
t-RNA
ribosome
Carries the DNA code from nucleus to cytoplasm
Binds amino acids to the growing protein chain
Located in the nucleus and the cytoplasm
Carries amino acids to the ribosomes
Has a CODON region
Has an ANTICODON region
___________________
___________________
___________________
COMPARE AND CONTRAST
DNA
Double / Single stranded?
Sugar used?
List all nitrogen bases it has
Which nitrogen base is missing?
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RNA
Location in cell?
SHORT ANSWER:
Name the 3 parts of a nucleotide molecule: ____________
_____________
____________
DNA Replication is said to be a semiconservative process. Why?
USING ANALOGIES:
If a double helix is compared to a “twisted ladder”, which would the following represent?
Sides of the ladder ? _____________________________________________
Rungs of ladder ? ________________________________________________
Glue in the middle that holds the ladder together? _______________________
Name the parts/structures of a cell:
A = __________________
B = __________________
C = __________________
D = __________________
E = __________________
F = __________________
List the 3 types of DNA mutations. What does each cause? Which are frameshifts?
Starting with a DNA molecule, explain how a protein sequence is transcribed and then translated. (You can make
a list of steps if you choose.) USE THE WORDS “TRANSCRIPTION” AND “TRANSLATION” along with
DNA, mRNA, tRNA, codon, anticodon, protein, amino acids.
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Modified from: http://brookings.k12.sd.us/biology
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