1.8.15
Between the Wars
(we’re trying to eliminate reasons for entering another world war)
Everyone fills in the chart from yesterday’s chart
World War 2
Isolationism/
Unilateralism
Isolationismwithdrawal from
foreign affairs
Unilateralismone sided or
independent
action in foreign
affairs
Both led the US
to shun
memberships in
international
organizations set
up after World
War I
Americans
believed the war
had the world a
safer place.
Many lost family
members,
8 million total
deaths,
112,000American
deaths. It seemed
to be in vain.
We were warned
about being
dragged into
another war
Presidents
Coolidge,
Hoover, and
Roosevelt wanted
Washington
Conference
November,
1912, the US
hosted an
international
conference on
naval
disarmament
and Pacific
security t was
organized by
Charles Evans
Hughes, the US
Secretary of
State.
He proposed
that the powers
scrap warships
and have a 10
year naval
holiday where
no ships would
rebuild
5 power
agreement:
US, Great
Britain, and
Japan get to
have large
warships in
5:5:3 ratio
(isolating Japan
by allowing US
and GB to
have more
War debts
Reparations
Definitions
Debt money
owed for what
was borrowed
Relations with
Latin America
Right after the
war, prices for
products
dropped in
South America
Reparations
payback for
destruction to
your country-
Military leaders
tried to
maintain order
by force
War weakened
peace efforts
Good neighbor
policy
During
Roosevelt’s
inaugural
speech, he
introduced this
policy
Late 1800s US
became a
debtor nation
After 1914 we
became a
creditor nation
Start of WW1,
US lends $$ to
Great Britain &
France, so they
can buy
weapons
We granted
billions in
credit to our
allies
Nations who
Rise of
Dictators
Mussolini
Founded the
Facist Party
in1921.
Facists believed
that a military
dominated
government
should control
all aspects of
society
October, 1922,
Mussolini led
an army of his
followers, the
blackshirts, in a
march on rome.
The Facists
occupied the
This policy was city
for America to
Mussolini sent
act like a good
Italian forces
neighbor,
into the African
respecting
of Ethiopia in
themselves and 1935. Lack of
respecting the
support showed
rights of others that aggression
would go
To back this up, unpunished
he gave up the
US claim in
Hitler Nazi
Panama, he
Party
canceled the
Wrote Mein
Platt
Kampf which
Amendment
laid out plans to
to join the world
court. The public
didn’t want to.
(partial
isolationism)
Americans
wanted
disarmamentJane Adams,
Emily Green
Balch,Jeanette
Franklin
warships
owed us $$
tried to fight
4 Power Treaty that their debt
Japan, US, GB, should be
France, pledged wiped out
to respect each
others’ territory They said the
in the Pacific
US did not
make any
9 Power Treaty sacrifices, or
-uphold Open
contributions,
Door Policy
initially, but
(Chinathen allied with
everyone
them so why
wanted to trade are they still
with China).
owing US
money because
Netherlands,
we became an
Portugal,
ally, we won,
Belgium,
so they should
China, Japan,
not owe us
US GB other
money. The
nations
allies got the
included in
money after the
power
war
agreement
Added other
countries to the after the war,
original 5
the Germans
powers
had lost
agreement
everything, and
they found a
April 6 1927
new leader in
10th anniversary Hitler, who
of entry into
promised to
WW 1
restore their
French Foreign wealth, land
minister
(Aristide
Briand)
proposed an
outlaw of war
between France
and the US.
-US Frank
Kellogg made a
giving Cuba
independence
restore
Germany’s
power
Relations with
Mexico
Rise of
Dictators
Hitler blamed
Jews,
intellectuals
and
communists for
Germany’s
decline
US owned oil
companies in
Mexico along
with Great
Britain
President of
Mexico
demands US
and GB give
Mexican oil
workers higher
wages and
better working
conditions
US and GB
refuse to meet
demands
Mexican
Government
takes control of
oil lands and
pays
compensation
to US and GB
Roosevelt
wanted to give
back the
Panama Canal,
but that did not
happen until
1980s
Nicaragua
US played a
large role in
Hitler’s
government
was the Third
Reich
Nazi Storm
Troopers were
the Brown
Shirts
They took over
Austria, part of
Czechoslovakia
Anti Semitism
became official
government
policy
November 9
1938, Night of
Broken Glass
Franco:
Started the
Spanish Civil
War
Facist Party
tried to
overthrow the
government
Franco took
over the
counter
proposal of
applying that to
all nations
(Kellogg
Briand pact)
-62 nations
signed it saying
they would
only go to war
in self defense
-the weakness
of this pact was
that it was
unclear
-Japan violated
treaty by
invading China
Nicaraguan
politics. In
1925, Emiliano
Chamorro
overthrows
Nicaraguan
govt. and
spirals it into
civil war.
US refuses to
recognize
Chamorro as a
leader, and
sends troops to
protect US
interests
Pablo Sandino
organized
revolts against
Chamarro
His belief was
land and
resources
belonged to the
people
Somoza
assassinates
Chamarro, and
is recognized
by US as the
leader
government
with German
and Italian
military aid.
Militarist:
Japanese
expansion
loomed in Asia
Japan’s goal
was to become
a democracy
while the
military men
wanted to
lessen Japan’s
reliance on
foreign imports
The military
men wanted a
Japanese
empire in Asia
so they could
have direct
control
The Chinese
and Japanese
got into a war
in July 7, 1937.
Japan used
bombs on
Chinese cities
and occupied
northern China