Western Expansion: Frontier Wars in Ohio
Sandra Noonan
Fairfield Central Elementary
Fall 2010
This lesson provides an overview of the military actions against the tribes in the Ohio Valley in the early 19th century.
Overview/ Materials/LOC Resources/Standards/ Procedures/Evaluation/Rubric/Handouts/Extension
Overview
Objectives
Recommended time frame
Grade level
Curriculum fit
Materials
Back to Navigation Bar
Students will:
In this lesson students will learn about the early
wars in Ohio in the 1700’s and gain an
understanding about the causes and effects of
these wars through individual or group
research, create posters providing information
about their battle and the leader of their choice.
5 forty minute time periods
4th
Social Studies
Power Point introducing the battles and the leaders
of early Ohio Native American Tribes and early
American leaders that helped to lead to the
settlement of Ohio.
Worksheet 1: KWL Chart
Worksheet 2: Research a Battle and a Leader
(Native American or American)
Worksheet 3: Word Search of new vocabulary
Ohio State Learning Standards
Benchmark B. Describe the cultural patterns that
are evident in North America today as a result of
exploration, colonization, and conflict.
Grade 4
Indicator 3. Explain the causes and effects of the
frontier wars of the 1790s, including the Battle of
Fallen Timbers, on American Indians in Ohio and
the United States.
Procedures
Back to Navigation Bar





Evaluation
Day One: Students will watch a Power Point that
will introduce them to key battles and individuals
that helped to shape what is now known as Ohio.
Explain to the students that they will research one of
the battles and leaders of the frontier period then
prepare a poster. Distribute Worksheet 2: Ask
students to select one of the listed battles and leaders
for their report. Point out the table on the worksheet
that will assist them with organizing their research.
Students will choose their battle and leader and
complete Worksheet 2.
Days Two, Three, and Four: Students will use
different resources to create their posters during
three class periods. Students should be given a copy
of the rubric so they know what is to be expected of
them.
Day Five: Students will share their posters while
giving an oral report.
Back to Navigation Bar
Students will be graded on the poster, see rubric.
Students will also be graded on the vocabulary word
search.
Extension
Back to Navigation Bar
Students can write an essay from the Native American’s
point of view of how the settling of the Ohio Territory
affected them.
Primary Resources from the Library of Congress
Back to Navigation Bar
Resource Table
Image
Description
Life of Tecumseh, and
of his brother the
Prophet; with a
historical sketch of
the Shawanee Indians
Citation
Drake, Benjamin,
1794-1841
1856
URL
http://memory.loc.gov/
award/icufaw/bbf0044/
0001v.jpg
American antiquities, Priest, Josiah, 1788and discoveries in the 1851
1833
West : being an
exhibition of the
evidence that an
ancient population of
partially civilized
nations, differing
entirely from those of
the present Indians,
peopled America,
many centuries before
its discovery by
Columbus. And
inquiries into their
origin, with a copious
description of many of
their stupendous
works, now in ruins.
With conjectures
concerning what may
have become of them.
Comp. from travels,
authentic sources, and
the researches of
antiquarian societies
http://memory.loc.gov/
cgibin/ampage?collId=icuf
aw&fileName=bbf0018
/icufawbbf0018.db&rec
Num
Trumbull, Henry,
A view of Colonel
Johnson's engagement 1781-1843
1828
with savages
(commanded by
Tecumseh) near the
Moravian town,
October 5, 1812
http://memory.loc.gov/
cgibin/query/D?fawbib:66
:./temp/~ammem_MeC
o:
Tenskwatawa
Citation
Also known as
The Prophet
the brother of
Tecumseh
"Tenskwatawa", Ohio
History Central, July 1,
2005,
http://www.ohiohistory
central.org/entry.php?r
ec=312
In 1811, the Battle of
Tippecanoe was a
significant defeat for
Tecumseh's NativeAmerican
Confederation.
Tecumseh
"Charge of the
Dragoons at Fallen
Timbers," painted by
R.T. Zogbaum, ca.
1895. The painting
illustrates General
Anthony Wayne's
campaign against the
http://www.ohiohistory
central.org/images/195.
jpg
http://www.ohiohistory
central.org/image.php?r
ec=482&img=54
"Tecumseh", Ohio
History Central, July 1,
2005,
http://www.ohiohistory
central.org/entry.php?r
ec=373
"Battle of Fallen
Timbers", Ohio History
Central, July 1, 2005,
http://www.ohiohistory
central.org/entry.php?r
ec=473
http://www.ohiohistory
central.org/image.php?r
ec=373&img=218
http://www.ohiohistory
central.org/image.php?r
ec=473&img=941
Ohio Indians in 1794.
Treaty of Greenville
Citation
http://www.ohiohistory
central.org/images/774.
jpg
"Treaty of Greeneville
(1795)", Ohio History
Central, July 1, 2005,
http://www.ohiohistory
central.org/entry.php?r
ec=1418
Transcript of Treaty
Portrait of Anthony
Wayne, ca. 1795.
General Wayne lead a
military campaign
against Native
American tribes in the
Northwest Territory
that culminated with
the Battle of Fallen
Timbers in 1794 and
the signing of the
Treaty of Greene Ville
in 1795.
http://www.ohiohistory
central.org/entry.php?r
ec=435&nm=Treatyof-Greeneville-1795Transcript
Ohio Historical Society
http://www.ohiohistory
central.org/images/157
7.jpg
Arthur St. Clair
William Henry
Harrison
The Ohio Historical
http://www.ohiohistory
Society
central.org/image.php?r
ec=354&img=51
The Ohio Historical
http://www.ohiohistory
Society
central.org/image.php?r
ec=190&img=236
Battle of the Thames
The Battle of the
Thames was a pivotal
American victory
during the War of
1812.
The Ohio Historical
Society
http://www.ohiohistory
central.org/images/53.j
pg
Lithograph of Little
Turtle, accurately
portraying his large
forehead, known as
"fivehead" is reputedly
based upon a lost
portrait by Gilbert
Stuart, destroyed when
the British burned
Washington, D.C. in
1814.[1]
Gilbert Stuart,
http://upload.wikimedia
.org/wikipedia/common
s/thumb/d/db/Little_Tu
rtle.jpg/275pxLittle_Turtle.jpg
A modern rendition of
Shawnee War Chief
Blue Jacket
in his Maumee River
home near present
day Defiance, Ohio.
Described by White
Captive Oliver M.
Spencer in a visit
there in July, 1792
Painting by Hal Sherman 2007
http://shawneebluejacket.com/Bluejac
ket_Images/bj_2.6.8.jp
g
Photographic
reproduction of an
engraved portrait
depicting Josiah
Harmar, ca. 1790-1799
The original portrait
was engraved by John
Sartain and based on a
painting by Raphael
Peale."Harmar's
Defeat", Ohio History
Central, July 1, 2005,
http://www.ohiohistory
central.org/entry.php?r
ec=505
http://www.ohiohistory
central.org/image.php?r
ec=505&img=962
Rubric
Back to Navigation Bar
Making A Poster : Battle and Leader Poster
Teacher Name: Mrs. Noonan
Student Name:
CATEGORY
Labels
________________________________________
4
All items of
importance on the
poster are clearly
labeled with labels
that can be read
from at least 3 ft.
away.
The poster includes
all required
elements as well as
additional
information.
3
Almost all items of
importance on the
poster are clearly
labeled with labels
that can be read
from at least 3 ft.
away.
All required
elements are
included on the
poster.
2
Several items of
importance on the
poster are clearly
labeled with labels
that can be read
from at least 3 ft.
away.
All but 1 of the
required elements
are included on the
poster.
1
Labels are too
small to view OR
no important items
were labeled.
Content - Accuracy
At least 7 accurate
facts are displayed
on the poster.
5-6 accurate facts
are displayed on
the poster.
3-4 accurate facts
are displayed on
the poster.
Less than 3
accurate facts are
displayed on the
poster.
Title
Title can be read
from 6 ft. away and
is quite creative.
Title can be read
from 6 ft. away and
describes content
well.
Title can be read
from 4 ft. away and
describes the
content well.
The title is too
small and/or does
not describe the
content of the
poster well.
Use of Class Time
Used time well
during each class
period. Focused on
getting the project
done. Never
distracted others.
Used time well
during each class
period. Usually
focused on getting
the project done
and never
distracted others.
Did not use class
time to focus on
the project OR
often distracted
others.
Attractiveness
The poster is
exceptionally
attractive in terms
of design, layout,
and neatness.
The poster is
attractive in terms
of design, layout
and neatness.
Used some of the
time well during
each class period.
There was some
focus on getting
the project done
but occasionally
distracted others.
The poster is
acceptably
attractive though it
may be a bit
messy.
Required Elements
Several required
elements were
missing.
The poster is
distractingly messy
or very poorly
designed. It is not
attractive.
Graphics -Clarity
Graphics are all in
focus and the
content easily
viewed and
identified from 6 ft.
away.
Most graphics are
in focus and the
content easily
viewed and
identified from 6 ft.
away.
Most graphics are
in focus and the
content is easily
viewed and
identified from 4 ft.
away.
Many graphics are
not clear or are too
small.
Graphics Originality
Several of the
graphics used on
the poster reflect a
exceptional degree
of student creativity
in their creation
and/or display.
All graphics are
related to the topic
and make it easier
to understand. All
borrowed graphics
have a source
citation.
One or two of the
graphics used on
the poster reflect
student creativity in
their creation
and/or display.
The graphics are
made by the
student, but are
based on the
designs or ideas of
others.
No graphics made
by the student are
included.
All graphics are
related to the topic
and most make it
easier to
understand. All
borrowed graphics
have a source
citation.
All graphics relate
to the topic. Most
borrowed graphics
have a source
citation.
Graphics do not
relate to the topic
OR several
borrowed graphics
do not have a
source citation.
Graphics Relevance
Date Created: Oct 28, 2010 06:57 pm
(UTC)
Handouts
Back to Navigation Bar
Battles and Leaders
J
M
S
H
D
S
U
P
O
R
E
C
T
S
H
P
J
E
J
L
E
U
U
U
R
A
I
E
T
A
P
W
A
Z
S
M
R
R
G
W
G
E
K
E
R
K
N
U
V
X
A
G
K
P
E
A
B
C
C
M
T
C
O
V
T
H
Q
J
X
D
E
E
A
U
A
E
L
T
R
U
T
E
L
T
T
I
L
J
M
R
T
U
O
V
A
F
D
K
S
N
K
W
E
S
S
E
T
E
H
P
O
R
P
E
H
T
J
U
E
D
K
U
M
U
C
E
H
K
X
A
Y
D
L
H
E
O
H
P
F
M
L
P
B
V
B
J
A
B
P
F
M
A
D
A
N
T
H
O
N
Y
W
A
Y
N
E
ARTHURSTCLAIR
TECUMSEH
MADANTHONYWAYNE
THEPROPHET
JOSIAHHARMAR
BATTLEOFTHAMES
BLUEJACKET
CLAIRSDEFET
HARMARSDEFEAT
LITTLETURTLE
R
I
A
L
C
T
S
R
U
H
T
R
A
Q
A
D
J
O
S
I
A
H
H
A
R
M
A
R
W
T
W
J
T
O
H
B
C
F
C
Y
Y
I
O
M
Z
C
L
A
I
R
S
D
E
F
E
T
H
N
L
D
Solution
+
+
+
+
+
S
+
+
+
+
+
+
T
+
H
+
+
+
+
+
E
+
+
+
+
+
+
E
T
A
+
+
+
+
+
M
+
+
+
+
+
+
K
E
R
+
+
+
+
+
A
+
+
+
+
+
+
C
C
M
+
+
+
+
+
H
+
+
+
+
+
+
A
U
A
E
L
T
R
U
T
E
L
T
T
I
L
J
M
R
+
+
+
+
+
F
+
+
+
+
+
+
E
S
S
(Over,Down,Direction)
ARTHURSTCLAIR(12,13,N) JOSIAHHARMAR(13,2,S)
BATTLEOFTHAMES(14,6,W) LITTLETURTLE(6,12,N)
BLUEJACKET(10,13,W) MADANTHONYWAYNE(11,1,S)
CLAIRSDEFET(15,1,S) TECUMSEH(2,14,E)
HARMARSDEFEAT(1,15,E) THEPROPHET(8,11,N)
+
T
E
H
P
O
R
P
E
H
T
+
U
E
D
+
+
+
+
+
E
+
+
+
+
+
+
L
H
E
+
+
+
+
+
L
+
+
+
+
+
+
B
+
F
M
A
D
A
N
T
H
O
N
Y
W
A
Y
N
E
R
I
A
L
C
T
S
R
U
H
T
R
A
+
A
+
J
O
S
I
A
H
H
A
R
M
A
R
+
T
+
+
+
+
+
B
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
C
L
A
I
R
S
D
E
F
E
T
+
+
+
+
Worksheet 2
Choose one of the battles and leaders listed below to research. Use atlases, encyclopedias, dictionaries,
or multimedia to research your project. Answer the questions below then create a poster and be prepared
to share your poster during an oral report. Make sure you answer all of the questions on your poster.
Battles of the
1790’s
Harmar’s Defeat
St. Clair’s Defeat
Battle of Fort
Recovery
Battle of Fallen
Timbers
Name of battle:
When did the
Battle occur?
Where did the
battle happen?
Who was
involved in the
battle?
What
happened?
Name the leader:
What did the leader
do that was so
important?
What battle or
important decision
was your leader a
part of?
What is your leader
best remember for?
Subsequent
Battles of Indian
Wars
Battle of Tippecanoe
Battle of
Siege of Fort Meigs
Battle of the Thames
Early American
Leaders
William Henry
Harrison
Arthur St. Clairz
Anthony Wayne
Josiah Harmar
Native American
Leaders
Little Turtle
Blue Jacket
Tecumseh
The Prophet
WORKSHEET 1: KWL CHART
Think about the leaders of early Ohio and battles that occurred during the exploration, trade, and
settlement era of early Ohio’s history. Before beginning your lesson complete column 1 (What I know) and
column 2 (What I want to know). When the lesson is finished, complete column 3 (What I learned).
Topic: Battles and Leaders of Early
Name:
Ohio
What I Know
What I Want to Know
What I Learned
Power Point Notes:
Remember, you are showing the power point to give the students a snapshot of what was happening during the time
period. You have been studying Ohio History up to this point so they should have some background knowledge.
Encourage discussion of each slide, ask the students to describe what they think happened.
Slide one: Battle of Fallen Timbers
Slide two: Battle of Thames
Slide three: Battle of Tippecanoe
Slide four: Arthur St. Clair
Slide five: Josiah Harmar
Slide six: William Henry Harrison
Slide seven: Anthony Wayne
Slide eight: Little Turtle
Slide nine: Blue Jacket
Slide ten: Tecumseh
Slide eleven: The Prophet
Slide twelve: Directions for what happens next.