Livia Chan
AP US History – Period 3
October 12, 2010
Chapter 7: The Jeffersonian Era ~ Key Terms (p.182-200)
Private Schooling- (p.182) created instead of Republican hopes of universal
enlightenment/ edu., in South and Mid-Atlantic states = run by religious groups, N. =
more secular and modeled on those founded by Phillips family; mainly aristocratic and
for elite, accepted only white males: showed how Americans kept to patriarchal ideas
Allowing women to
be educated might
have increased ideas
for women’s rights.
New Educational Opportunities for Women- (p.182-183) 1770s educated mothers =
educated/ enlightened children -> schools w/ men and women (mostly rich ones); were
not taught for advanced training b/c just needed to be better mothers/wives
1784 Judith Sargent Murray- wrote essay that defended women edu. rights: women’s
intellect and potential = men, should have more opportunities to earn living and be
independent from families in society; inspired later generations
Indian Education- (p.183) educating Indians in white culture was expected to civilize
tribes; was not widely promoted by govt. but missionaries and mission schools were built
in tribes
African American Education- (p.183) almost all whites believed it was unnecessary to
educate slaves, N = some segregated schools, S = no edu. b/c feared knowledge = revolt;
slaves taught selves and children
Even though
bleeding/ purging in
order to cure seems
absurd today, it was
a new discovery that
many people trusted
Higher Education- (p.183) less available than lower edu., tried to be public but relied on
contributions and tuitions -> rich families; even w/ more specific high edu. schools,
people cont. to apprentice to learn
Benjamin Rush- (p.183) Philadelphia physicians who supported bleeding and purging to
cure illnesses -> many patients died; followed new scientific techniques
Decline of Midwifery- (p.183) physicians handled most childbirths and demanded
restrictions on role of midwives to increase job opportunities -> less opportunity for
women and restriction of childbirth care for poor (could only afford midwives)
Noah Webster- (p.184) created a simplified and Americanized way of spelling; American
Spelling Book (1783) = best selling book in American publishing hist. (except Bible), An
American Dictionary of the English Language; helped to est. national standard of word
and usages  unified nation and helped develop new culture
Washington Irving- (p.185) NY writer of satirical histories of early American life and
wrote fables of New World societies; became leader of American literary in his time and
one of few writers who would be read in later generations
Deism- (p.185) accept existence of God but believed him to be withdrawn from universe
and its affairs; result of Enlightenment in France
Universalist Church- (p.185) founded by James Murray in Gloucester, MA (1779),
dissenters of New Eng. Congregational Church who believed in salvation to all, Jesus =
great religious teacher but not God’s son; Unitarian Church = similar views and est. in
Boston 1782
Second Great Awakening- (p.186) attempt to fight spread of religious rationalism and
help church establishments to revitalize organizations -> greatest religious revival since
Great Awakening; accelerated growth of diff. church org. and est. sense of order and
social stability in communities searching for identity
Women and 2nd Great Awakening- (p.186) some churches = filled w/ females b/c some
places = more female than male, uncertain futures w/ marriage partners = need stability in
life; responding to changing economic roles; women = important roles in churches
Many Native
Americans were
introduced to
alcohol by the early
Europeans and like
Handsome Lake,
they suffered from
alcoholism.
Even though
Handsome Lake
wanted other Indians
to be rid of white
ways, he was
encouraging a
patriarchal and
agrarian society like
the whites.
African Americans and 2nd Great Awakening- (p.186) allowed to attend revivals = black
preachers = message of equality = slave rebellions
Neolin- (p.187) Native American prophet who claimed had experience w/ God -> more
defenses of land and stop grouping trade and other relationships w/ whites
Handsome Lake- (p.187) Native American prophet who was admired for escaping
alcoholism; claimed to have met Jesus -> inspired people to give up whiskey, gambling,
other destructive customs of white society; encouraged men to be farmers and women to
be more domestic wives
Freethinkers- (p.188) did not agree w/ 2nd Great Awakening; influence declined and
became minority for while after Awakening
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin- (p.189) 1793 invented to separate seeds from cotton ->
quicker than laborers -> more slaves
Cotton from S. = help textile industry in N = very big diff developing
Clermont- (p.192) steamboat invented by Robert Fulton sailed in 1807; showed steam
navigation was possible and brought it to attention of nation
Turnpike Era- (p.192) 1792 toll road from Philadelphia to Lancaster was successful =
followers
Urban Life- (p.183) leading Amer. cities (i.e. NY + Philadelphia) rivaled secondary cities
of Europe and were major centers of commerce and edu.; cities = rich people = wanted
elegance in everything, entertainment (music, theater, dancing, horse racing)
Challenging the Barbary Pirates- (p.198) Barbary states of N. Afr. (Morocco, Algiers,
Tunis, Tripoli) = demand protection $ from all nations sailing to Mediterranean but
Jefferson was reluctant to -> 1801 Tripoli declare war, 1805 U.S. and Tripoli agreement
that ended tribute payments put made U.S. pay $60,000 ransom for Amer. prisoners
Marbury v. Madison- (p.198) 1803 William Marbury = one of Adam’s last min.
appointments but Madison wouldn’t give commission, brought to Supreme Court,
Judiciary Act of 1789 (gave Court power to make commissions delivered) =
unconstitutional->1st use of judicial review on Congress act->est. right for judicial review
John Marshall- (p.199) chief justice of U.S. who was Fed. secretary of state for Adams
and was one who refused to give Marbury commission last min.; est. himself as dominant
figure and greatly affected Court’s most important rulings
Impeachment of Samuel Chase- (p.199) in attempt to get rid of Feds in Court, Republ.
impeached John Pickering then target Chase; in 1805 trial of Chase based on being
injudicious, Chase was not impeached; showed impeachment wasn’t as simple as partisan
disagreement and couldn’t be used as weapon against other parties
October 14, 2010
Chapter 7: The Jeffersonian Era ~ Key Terms (p.200-213)
Napoleon Bonaparte- (p.200) 1804 emperor of France and cooperated w/ Jefferson in
international politics until Napoleon’s attempt at re-creating French empire in America
Treaty of San Ildefonso of 1800- (p.200) b/w French and Spanish -> France gained
Louisiana and New Orleans; 1st step toward French empire in America
Robert R. Livingston- (p.200) American ambassador in Paris who was given instructions
to buy New Orleans from France; out of own decision also bought Louisiana
Reasons for Failed French attempt at empire in Amer- (p.200) yellow fever epidemic =
almost no French army in Amer., expeditionary force for reinforcement = frozen in Dutch
harbor, war in Europe
Many treaties related
to acquiring/giving
away land required
new owners to take in
residents as citizens
 good thing to
residents of land
Louisiana Purchase- (p.201) U.S. got Louisiana and New Orleans from France in
exchange for $15 million, allowed special commercial privileges to France in New
Orleans port and let residents of Louisiana become citizens w/ same rights as others ->
territories would eventually become states
Lewis and Clark Explore the West- (p.202) 1803-1806 Meriwether Lewis = Indian wars
veteran and experienced w/ wilderness and William Clark = experienced Indian fighter
and frontiersman w/ help of Sacajewea explored west and recorded geography of Ind.
civilizations
Zebulon Montgomery Pike- (p.202) 1805 led expedition from St. Louis to upper MS
Valley and 1806 valley of AR R. -> Colorado; accounts of western travels =
misconception that land b/w MO R. and Rockies = uninhabitable and uncultivable desert
It seems like every
conflict in the U.S.
included the idea of
secession, ex: Civil
War – South wanted
to secede too.
Separating from
Union would be
very complicated
though.
Essex Junto- (p.203) group of extreme Feds who wanted New Engl. to secede from
Union and become “Northern Confederacy” -> needed help of NY and NJ but Alexander
Hamilton (leading Fed of NY) didn’t support; showed ideas of secession and nationalism
The Napoleonic Wars- (p.204) 1803 series of wars in Europe b/w France and Britain;
both sides stopped U.S. from trading and assisting other side
1805 Battle of Trafalgar- (p.204) British destroyed what was left of French navy ->
Napoleon challenge British by economical means -> Continental System: close Eur.
continent from British trade -> no British/ neutral ship could land on Eur. port controlled
by France/allies -> Britain’s “orders in council”: any goods shipped to Eur. had to be
British vessel or neutral (exact opp. of French)
 Most Amer. thought British was worse b/c British navy could attack American ships
but France only on Eur. ports, British = made captured Amer. sailors victims of
impressment
For any laws, there
are ways of evading
them but
nonetheless, many
people would still be
affected by the law
(the ones who
actually followed
the law)
Chesapeake-Leopard Incident- (p.205) British Leopard searched American Chesapeake
for deserters of impressments and took 4 men -> when news reached Amer., people
wanted revenge -> Jefferson expel all British warships from Amer. waters and demanded
British stop impressments -> British gave back 3 men (1 was hanged) but cont.
impressments
The Embargo- (p.205) prohibited any Amer. ships from going to any foreign port in
world (if only for Brit and France, people would find ways to evade law), force act gave
govt. power to enforce law; mostly evaded but many merchants/ ship owners = lost
business -> in election of 1808, Feds ran stronger than before but James Madison (Republ)
still won and Jefferson ended Embargo before leaving office
Non-Intercourse Act- (p.205) 1809 replaced Embargo by allowing foreign trade w/ all but
Britain and France, 1810 replaced with Macon’s Bill No. 2: reopened free commercial
relations w/ Britain but let President stop commerce w/ either nation if cont. to violate
neutral shipping -> Napoleon stopped and Madison announced embargo on Britain only
in 1811 -> hurt English economy and govt. repealed blockade of Eur.
William Henry Harrison-(p.206) veteran Indian fighter and delegate of Northwest Terr. in
1799, supported westward expansion and responsible for Harrison Land Law (let white
settlers get land for farms on easier terms than before)
1801 became governor of Ind. Terr. and instructed by Jefferson to offer Natives choice:
become farmers and assimilate or move west of MS (both made them give up land) -> by
1807, U.S. gained a lot of land in MI, Indiana, Illinois, and land in Southwest
Tesnkwatawa- (p.2207) known to Indians as Prophet, experienced mystical awakening
while escaping alcoholism -> inspired religious revival that untied tribes in religion,
politics and military
Tecumseh- (p.207) brother of Prophet, inspired native tribes to unite to stop Amer.
expansion
Battle of Tippecance- (p.207) Nov. 7, 1811 Harrison attacked Prophetstown while
Tecumseh was away and drove off Indians and burned town; some Indians stopped
believing Tecumseh could help them but others cont. to believe
War Hawks- (p.208-209) Congress reps who strongly supported war against Britain; 2
influential leaders: Henry Clay (KY) and John C. Calhoun (SC) pressured Madison to
declare war against Britain on June 18, 1812
Battle of Put-In-Bay- (p.209) Sep.10, 1813 led by Oliver Hazard Perry against British
fleet -> invasion into Canada -> Battle of Thames (Oct. 5, 1813) Harrison won victory
and killed Tecumseh; Native Amer = weakened and diminished ability to defend lands
Francis Scott Key- (p.209-210) Washington lawyer who watched British bombard Fort
McHenry that guarded Baltimore; recorded moment into poem “The Star-Spangled
Banner” -> became official national anthem
Hartford Convention- (p.211) Dec. 15, 1814 delegates from New England met to discuss
secession but decided instead to propose 7 amendments to protect New England from S
and W; ended up humiliating Feds who organized con. b/c good news of Battle of New
Orleans and Put-In-Bay
Treaty of Ghent- (p.212) signed on 12/24/1814 ended war of 1812, Americans gave up
trying to make British stop impressments and for cession of Canada to U.S., British
didn’t create Indian buffer state in Northwest and mad minor territorial concessions
Rush Bagot Treaty- (p.212) 1817 mutual disarmament on Great Lakes; 1872 became
longest unguarded frontier in world