COURSE PROFILE AND SEMESTER PLAN
(SAP/RPKPS)
Course/Subject
Code/ Credit
Course Coordinator
Lecturers Team
: Intercultural Communication
: ISK4107
/ 3 SKS (3-0)
: Fitri H. Oktaviani, M. Commun
: Muwafik Saleh, M. Si
Widya Pujarama, M. Communication
Yun Fitrahyati Laturrakhmi, M. I. Kom
Yuyun Agus Riani, M. Sc
Nia Ashton, MA
Course Description
This course discusses the link between communication and culture, significance of
intercultural communication studies in the context of Indonesia, and cultural factors
influencing the communication process. In addition, it also discusses some research topics:
basic concepts of intercultural communication, intercultural perception, cultural adaptation,
verbal communication in intercultural communication, and methods to understand
intercultural communication as a skill to interact with others in a pluralistic society.
Course Objectives
After completing this course, students are expected to understand the basic principles of
intercultural communication, as well as to analyse and resolve problems and important
issues in intercultural interaction. With regards to values, after finishing this course,
students are expected to have a sense of intercultural tolerance, mindful attitude, and
flexible intercultural skills.
Assessment:
1. Final test
(Paper)
2. Midterm test (Written test)
3. Class activities (Simulation)
4. Quiz
5. Case study analysis
= 30%
= 30%
= 15%
= 15%
= 10 %
Expected Learning Outcomes
Expected learning
Outcomes
Competence
Midterm
Test

In class Quiz

Class Study
Analysis

Simulation

Final
Assignment
(essay)

(Mastering on
theoretical
concepts to analyse
and solve the
intercultural
communication
problems in order
1
to carry out the
associated roles
toward the study in
the community).
Analytical Skills
(capable to utilize
communication
technologies in
order to solve the
communication
problems and to
apply his skill to
understand the
related
communication
context).

Creativity and
Innovation
(capable to design
and formulate
communication
programs and its
models and to
achieve
communication
strategic efforts).
Research Skills
(mastering in the
communications
research technique
design, related to
the specialization
which taken by the
student)
Soft skills
(including
teamwork,
communication
skills, critical
thinking)
(has a sense
responsibility at
work, either
independently or in
a team. In addition,
students may have
critical thinking
skill, ethical,
responsive,
participative,
leadership, and
aesthetic)












Compulsory References:
2
Ting-Toomey, S. & Chung, L.C. (2012). Understanding intercultural communication. Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
Additional References
Arasaratnam, L. A. (2005). Intercultural communication competence: Identifying key
components from multicultural perspectives. International Journal of Intercultural Relations,
29 (), 137–163
Fujio, M. (2004). Silence during intercultural communication: a case study. Corporate
Communications: An International Journal, 9 (4), 331-339
Gudykunst, W.B. (2005). Theorizing about intercultural communication. Thousands Oaks:
Sage Publications.
Hofstede, G. (1993). Cultural constraints in management theories. Academy of Management
Executive, 7 (1), 81-94.
Hijri, F., Karim H. (2009). Race, ethnicity, and intercultural communication. Canadian Journal
of Communication. 34(4), 543-546
Spencer-Oatey, H, & Franklin, P. (2009). Intercultural interaction: A multidisciplinary
approach to intercultural communication. New York: Palgrave Macmilan.
Toomey, ST. (1999). Communicating across cultures. New York: The Guilford Press.
Various other Journals and Book
3
Course Profile and Semester Plan, English Class, Department of Communication Science, Brawijaya University
4
SEMESTER COURSE PLAN
(RPKPS)
Course/Subject
Code/ Credit
: Intercultural Communication
: ISK ISK4107 / 3 SKS (3-0)
Course Description
This course discusses the link between communication and culture, significance of intercultural communication studies in the context of
Indonesia, and cultural factors influencing the communication process. In addition, it also discusses some research topics: basic concepts of
intercultural communication, intercultural perception, cultural adaptation, verbal communication in intercultural communication, and
methods to understand intercultural communication as a skill to interact with others in a pluralistic society.
Course Objectives
After completing this course, students are expected to understand the basic principles of intercultural communication, as well as to analyse
and resolve problems and important issues in intercultural interaction. With regards to values, after finishing this course, students are
expected to have a sense of intercultural tolerance, mindful attitude, and flexible intercultural skills.
(1)
Week
1
1
(2)
Course Material
2
Introduction to
intercultural
communication
(3)
Lesson Form
(4)
Expected Learning Outcome
3
Seminar (lecture)
Small group
discussion
4
• Students understand the
importance of KAB
• Students understand the
culture system which consist of
surface = pop culture
intermediate = symbols,
(5)
Assessment
Criteria
(Indicator)
5
(6)
Mark Percentage
(%)
6
4
Course Profile and Semester Plan, English Class, Department of Communication Science, Brawijaya University
5
2
Intercultural
communication
flexibility
Seminar (lecture)
Small group
discussion
3
Essential cultural
value pattern
Seminar (lecture)
Case study analysis
4
Understanding
cultural identity
Seminar (lecture)
Small Group
Discussion
5
Culture Shock
Seminar (lecture)
meanings, norms in: the
traditions, beliefs, values
Students are capable of
understanding and analysing
 Intercultural Communication
Models
 Intercultural Communication
Characteristics
 Intercultural Flexibility
Students are able to understand
and differentiate
• Function of cultural values
• Dimension of Cultural values
As well as to use it in the case
analysis on related topics.
Students are able to describe
how:
• Family Socialization and
gender
• Group membership
(acculturation and
enculturation)
• Group affiliation
Can shape cultural identity and
social, as well as to identify
ethnic-racial identity change
process.
Students are capable of
.
Quiz
15%
5
Course Profile and Semester Plan, English Class, Department of Communication Science, Brawijaya University
6
Small Group
Discussion
Case study
6
Connection between
verbal
communication &
culture
Seminar (lecture)
7
Class activity
Case study Analysis
8
9
UTS
Non verbal
communication
Written Test
Seminar (lecture)
Case study
Small group
discussion
10
Cultural Biases
Seminar (lecture)
Small group
discussion
Case study
• Understanding culture shock
• Intercultural adjustment
• Re-entry culture shock
And also to apply those concepts
in specific case.
Students are able to describe and
analyse how verbal
communication and language can
take a role in culture, including
explaining the topic below :
 Human language: distinctive
features and rule patterns
 Appreciating Diverse
language function
 Verbal communication styles
Students are able to apply the
concepts that have been
discussed in the previous
meeting in order to analyse the
cases that will be given at week
7.
10%
30%
Students are able to explain and
describe
• Impact & Forms of non-verbal
communication
• Boundary regulations
And its impact on intercultural
communication.
Students are able to identify bias
6
Course Profile and Semester Plan, English Class, Department of Communication Science, Brawijaya University
7
Case study
Small group
discussion
11
Managing
intercultural conflict
Seminar (lecture)
Case study
Small group
discussion
12
Challenges in
developing an
interculturalintimate
relationship
Seminar (lecture)
Case study
Small group
discussion
issues relate to intercultural
Communication within
 General principles of human
perception
 Ethnocentrism & stereotypes
 In group-out-group
boundaries
 Prejudice, discrimination, and
racism
Students are also expected to be
able to define solutions to resolve
those matters.
Students are able to describe the
stages and processes in the
management of intercultural
conflicts as well as to identify:
 Factors causing intercultural
conflict.
 Intercultural conflict process
factors
 Flexible intercultural conflict
skills (facework, mindful
listening, cultural empathy,
mindful reframing, adaptive
code switching).
Students are able to identify the
challenges of interculturalinterpersonal relationship
development, including the
understanding of:
7
Course Profile and Semester Plan, English Class, Department of Communication Science, Brawijaya University
8
13
Communication
Issues facing a
global identity
Seminar (lecture)
Small group
discussion
 Invisible challenges
 Intercultural intimate conflict
 Raising secure bicultural
children
Students are able to identify and
analyse global issues on
intercultural communication and
global identities which are
influenced by


The internet
Transformation of local &
global identities
 Communication pattern
changes
 Personal identities in flux
Ethical intercultural
communication
14
Class Review and
Final Paper
consultation and
draft submission
Class Presentation
Students capable to analyse :
 Contemporary issues in
intercultural communication
ethics
 Becoming ethical intercultural
communicators
Students have the provision for Students
essays writing as well as Understanding on
understand the expected criteria. cognitive and
affective aspects of
the intercultural
encounter scenario
5%
8
Course Profile and Semester Plan, English Class, Department of Communication Science, Brawijaya University
9
15
Class Activity: How
Does It Work?
16
Final Test: Essay
Submission
Simulation
• Students are expected to
experience in the intercultural
communication problems by
following intercultural
communication scenarios which
will be provided by the lecturer
in the classroom.
15%
• Clarity of
argument, ideas, and
opinions that
supported by
evidence (theory,
examples, statistics,
expert opinion)
• Coherence,
structure, and
logical essays
• Accuracy and
precision of writing
a bibliography,
citations, and the
number of words,
and also the use of
academics language
structure
• Punctuality in
submission
25%
9
Assignment and Project Description
1. Class Activity : How does it work?
Time
: Week 14
Weigh
: 15%
Description:
This class activity is designed to help you comprehend difficulty in communicating
with people from a different culture. You will be conducting a simulation by
solving intercultural problems when faced with cultural code and symbols, values,
and assumptions. You will be presented with an artificial culture scenario in the
class.
Assessment will be given based on your understanding about cognitive and
affective aspects of cross-cultural encounter.
2. Paper (Final assignment)
Due Date : Final Assignment Day (final report)
Week 14 (draft – 5%)
Weigh
: 30% (25% report + 5% Draft)
Description:
Students (in a group of 5) write a 1500 words (+/- 10%) in relation to other’s
people experiences (can be a family member, a relative, a friend, or etc.) about
intercultural communication problems. You have to conduct an interview with
minimum 1 person. Your paper should highlight and analyse one specific topic in
our class, for example, culture shock, ethnocentrism, intercultural conflict,
intimate conflict in relation with cultural problems, etc.
Please use the following format:
a. Background – write down the underlying problems of the case you are writing,
context of problems, and outline what you are going to write further
b. Focus of problem – What you are going to focus on (e.g. culture shock)
c. Literature review – please DO NOT JUST MOVE THEORIES TO YOUR
ASSIGNMENT FROM A BOOK – write your review of some literature you have
read (minimum 2 books and 2 journal articles) that related to your topic.
d. Analysis – criticism, evaluation, based on your finding and literature.
e. Conclusion
f. Reference List (use APA style)
g. Appendix : interview scripts, informed consent, group project information
sheet signed by participants
No
Assessment Criteria
Maximum Score
(%)
15
1.
Logic, Flow, ad Argumentation of paper
2.
Cohesion, structure, and language of your paper
5
3.
Originality, reference list, number of words, promptness
5
10
4.
of submission
Draft submission (week 14)
Total
5
30%
Additional Information
Group Assessment Objectivity
Considering half of the assessment in the class is a group assessment, you deserve to
ask for peer evaluation form if you feel that your group workload lacks of balance.
Each member of the group should fill in peer group assessment form to assess their
group mates and themselves and attach the forms in separate envelope submitted
with your assignment.
Plagiarism and Fraudulence
To avoid fraudulence/ plagiarism you are asked to attach anti-plagiarism cover for
every assessment submitted. By signing the cover (attached) you have agreed the
risk and consequences if you commit plagiarism.
To understand what is plagiarism and how to avoid, please open
http://komunikasi.ub.ac.id/download-form/ APA referencing system. For group
work, you are responsible not only for your own work, but your group work.
Assignment Consultation
Consultation is important to make sure that you do your work as expected. Please
refer to lecturer’s schedule for consultation hours.
Communication with Lecturers
Use email (shown at wiggio) or text me if you have any problem to discuss. Use
proper etiquette for email and text. I do not accept text message for absence in
class.
Attendance and Final Score Complaint
Your attendance is your own responsibility with academic department. You are
expected to present minimum 12 meetings. There is no score upgrading/ assignment
addition if you fail the requirement.
Final mark complain / clarification is accepted maximum one week after your score is
published.
Lecture Material and Announcement
11
All of the lecture material is uploaded on the weekly basis at my account WIGGIO.
Class captain should invite class members at the wiggio account. All of the course
profile (SAP/RPKPS), assignment information, cover, and assessment is uploaded at
WIGGIO.
You are responsible personally to become member of the group (do not rely on your
class mates). My material is published for our internal interest. You do not have
rights to re-publish it elsewhere without permission.
Punctuality
Lateness tolerance is 20 minutes. If you are late more than 20 minutes 3 times, you
are not allowed to join the class.
My expectation of you
• Come on time (20 minutes tolerance)
• Turn mobile phones off
• Behave properly in academic setting
• If you miss a class, it is up to you to put aside additional time to cover the
content you have missed.
• If you miss a class write a letter. I do not accept SMS for your absenteeism. If
you are late in giving letter, give it to academic in 3 days max. I am not
responsible for any absenteeism consequences.
• Seminar slides (including guest lectures) will be available on Wiggio, as well
as copies of recommended readings.
• Be willing to answer questions and participate when invited‐ you have lots to
contribute
• I expect you read material/ cases/ examples prior to class
• Lateness limit is 20 minutes, except for prior permission.
Your expectation of me
• Be on time (20 mins limit), if i have unexpected important thing to do, I’ll let
you know
• Give you relevant material according to course profile (SAP/RPKPS)
• Give you feedbacks
• Give mark transparency
12
FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCES
Communication Science Department
Assignment Cover Sheet
Communication
Section 1 To be completed by individual student or group
leader
Student number:
Course Code:
Student Name:
Course Name:
Word Count:
Lecturer:
Due Date:
Assignment Title:
Extension Granted: Yes/No
Approval Attached: Yes/No
I /We hereby declare

that this is my/our own original work, and that no part of this assignment has
been copied from any other source or person except where due acknowledgement
is made

no part of the work has been previously submitted for assessment in this or
any other institution

if at anytime it is proved that I/we have given a false statement, I/we are ready to
accept the consequences
Signature: _______________________________ Date: _________________
Please be advised that your work may be submitted through plagiarism detection
software.
Section 2 To be completed by all group members
Student
Student Name
Attendance
List
Number

Student Number
Signature (read
the declaration
above)
Please ensure that
 All pages are securely bound
The assignment is submitted without plastic cover or folder
 You have to kept a copy of the work
13
FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCES
Communication Science Department
Peer / Self Evaluation Form
Intercultural Communication/ ISK 4133
The purpose of this form is to assess a group member’s contribution to the group effort. You
only need to complete this form if there is perceived inequity issues within the group. The
results of this form may alter an individual’s marks for this assessment.
There are various dimensions along which group members may have contributed to the group.
These include their attendance at group meetings, their level of preparedness for group
meetings, the quality of their contributions to group discussions, whether they delivered what
they promised to the group in a timely manner, and their ability to work towards consensus.
Use the 7 point rating scale given below to rate yourself and members of your group. Please
be as objective as possible, taking behaviours rather than personal style into consideration.
1 = person did not contribute to group activities
2 = person contributed to group activities, but his/her contributions were minimal
3 = person contributed to group activities, and the contributions were substandard
4 = person contributed to group activities, and the contributions were adequate
5 = person contributed to group activities, and the contributions were good
6 = person contributed to group activities, and the contributions were very good
7 = person contributed to group activities, and the contributions were exceptional
The scores given by all the members of the group will be averaged to compute an average
peer evaluation score for each student. Once completed, attach this form to your
assignment in enclosed envelopes (The number of the sheet will correspond to the number
of your group members). Incomplete forms will not be processed.
Name of Student
Student Number
Score
Your Name / Student Number: Self Evaluation
Further Comments if any:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
14
FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCES
Communication Science Department
Informed Consent Form:
Name of Project: ____________________
Investigators:
1.
2.
3.
Date:
I hereby agree to be involved in the above research project as a respondent. I have
read the research information sheet pertaining to this research project and
understand the nature of the research and my role in it.
Signature of research subject:
15
FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCES
Communication Science Department
Date
:
Dear.... (subject)
GROUP PROJECT INFORMATION SHEET
I am pleased that you agree to be part of our project in relation to intercultural
experiences that you have undergone. This assignment is a part of a requirement to
pass Intercultural Communication Class (ISK4107). This form is used to explain about
our project.
The purpose of the project is to analyse intercultural communication, especially
those who have worked, interacted, in a specific period of time with people from a
different culture (countries, races, ethnicity).
Your participation in this project is voluntary and you can withdraw at any moment if
you do not want to involve in the project. All of the information collected by
students are confidential and will not be used outside this assignment. Should you
agree to participate, as we hope you will, I will require your signature to the
accompanying consent form thereby confirming agreement and conditions on
participation.
Best regards,
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
16
FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCES
Communication Science Department
Assignment Assessment Criteria
Intercultural Communication Paper
(Print and Submit with your paper Draft)
Filled by students
Title
:
Member of groups:
Attendance
list number
COMPULSORY
Name
Students Number
Filled by Lecturer
No
Assessment Criteria
Maximum Score
(%)
15
1.
Logic, Flow, ad Argumentation of paper
2.
Cohesion, structure, and language of your
paper
5
3.
Originality, reference list, number of words,
promptness of submission
Draft submission (week 14)
Total
5
4.
Students Score
5
30%
Feedback from Lecturers
17
LATIHAN ANTI PLAGIARISME – Fitri Oktaviani
Plagiarisme (penjiplakan) bisa diartikan sebagai pencurian sebagian atau
seluruh karya cipta, intelektualitas, pemikiran, ide, gagasan, kalimat, atau tulisan
orang lain. Dalam dunia akademik, plagiarisme adalah kejahatan terbesar dan
terendah. Jika anda tertangkap melakukan plagiarisme atau penjiplakan, anda harus
siap menerima konsekuensi yang berlaku, dari pemberian nilai 0 untuk tugas anda,
tidak lulus mata kuliah, hingga pencopotan/penggagalan gelar akademik jika kasus
yang anda lakukan besar.
Plagiarisme bisa dilakukan secara sengaja atau tidak sengaja. Keduanya tetap
mendapatkan hukuman yang sama. Beberapa penyebab plagiarisme antara lain:
1. Asal copy paste atau mencontoh sebagian atau seluruh tulisan orang lain (baik
dalam bentuk buku, artikel, penelitian, skripsi, dsb) TANPA merujuk penulis
aslinya.
2. Mengambil sebagian atau seluruh tugas, penelitian, artikel, atau karya tulis
apapun milik orang lain (entah diakui atau tidak) dari sumber manapun (internet,
komputer teman, koran, majalah dsb) untuk dikumpulkan dan diakui sebagai milik
anda.
3. Mengambil sebagian atau semua tulisan milik orang lain (dari berbagai sumber
bisa internet, buku, skripsi) dan sebagainya persis sama dan TANPA di rujuk.
4. Mengambil sebagian atau semua tulisan milik orang lain (dari berbagai sumber
bisa internet, buku, skripsi) dan sebagainya dan dimodifikasi tetapi TANPA di
rujuk.
5. Tidak mencantumkan sumber / daftar pustaka dalam tulisan/tugas anda.
6. Menggunakan tugas yang sudah anda kumpulkan atau dikumpulkan teman anda
untuk mata kuliah lain, TANPA diakui jika sebagian atau seluruh tugas anda
pernah dikumpulkan sebelumnya (WALAUPUN TULISAN ANDA SENDIRI).
7. Rujukan di dalam teks dan di daftar pustaka TIDAK SAMA.
Untuk menghindari plagiasi, beberapa hal bisa dilakukan:
1. Jika itu memang bukan ide anda (ide penulis buku, teori milik orang lain, tulisan
dan karya orang lain) anda harus mengakuinya dengan menulis rujukan dengan
benar (lihat contoh saya).
2. Usahakan untuk memparafrase hasil bacaan anda, tetapi tetap tulis rujukan jika
itu memang bukan pemikiran anda asli. Perbanyak sumber rujukan. Hindari
merujuk ide satu orang terlalu banyak (misal 3 paragraf hanya dari buku X)
3. Gunakan teori/data/argumen/berita dsb orang lain yang sudah dirujuk untuk
memperkuat argumen anda/ mendukung opini anda.
4. Selalu merujuk / mereferensi dengan benar. Catat dimana anda mendapatkan
sumber anda.
5. Jika ingin copy paste sebuah ide, gagasan, teori persis sama dengan tulisan
aslinya, gunakan kutipan langsung dengan tanda petik (“”) lalu di rujuk/ di
referensi dan dicantumkan di daftar pustaka. Jika lebih dari dua baris, maka
gunakan spasi single paragraf masuk.
6. Cara penulisan sumber/ merujuk bisa bermacam-macam, tergantung gaya yang
anda pakai. Gaya internasional umumnya adalah APA, Harvard, MLA, Chicago,
dsb. Apapun gaya yang anda pakai anda harus konsisten. Kelas saya memakai
gaya APA (lihat contoh di bawah).
18
CONTOH PENULISAN ESAY/TUGAS: Negosiasi Vs Argumentasi dan Persuasi
Negosiasi Vs Argumentasi
dan Persuasi
Fitri H Oktaviani
Banyak pihak merasa bingung dengan perbedaan
argumentasi dan negosiasi, karena keduanya
merupakan proses komunikasi untuk mendapatkan
hasil yang dikehendaki. Secara umum, negosiasi
dibedakan dengan argumentasi karena argumentasi
berkaitan dengan opini dan pendapat yang berkonflik
(berbeda) sedangkan negosiasi berkaitan dengan
perbedaan kepentingan (interest) atau tujuan / goals
(Provis, 2004). Terkait dengan ini, Walton (dalam
Provis, 2004) menggaris bawahi perbedaan antara
dialog negosiasi dan dialog persuasi. Seperti yang
dikemukakannya:
“In contrast to persuasion dialogue, negotiation is a form of
interest-based bargaining where the goal is to ‘get the best
deal.’ . . . The goal here is not to show that a proposition is
true or right, based on evidence, as it is in a critical
discussion” (1990: 412–413).
Maksudnya, negosiasi merupakan proses tawar
menawar (bargaining) berdasarkan kepentingan
dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan deal atau
persetujuan terbaik. Hal ini berbeda dengan persuasi
atau argumentasi yang bertujuan untuk menetapkan
siapa yang benar atau salah berdasarkan bukti, seperti
dalam diskusi kritis. Walaupun demikian, Provis
(2004) berargumen bahwa ada kalanya perbedaan ini
menjadi tidak jelas, terutama ketika kita berbicara
mengenai framing pada kasus-kasus tertentu yang
menuntut persetujuan dan penerimaan publik.
Oleh karena itu, esay ini akan membahas lebih jauh
perbedaan antara argumentasi dan negosiasi beserta
contohnya, dan peranan komunikasi di dalamnya.
Baris ke 1-4 merupakan ide pokok
esay saya. Saya tidak mengambil ide
orang lain (tidak perlu rujukan)
Baris ke 4 – 7, saya memparafrase ide
milik Provis dalam artikel jurnal, jadi
harus dirujuk.
Bagian ini, saya copy paste dari
pendapat Walton dalam artikel jurnal
yang ditulis oleh Provis, jadi saya
harus rujuk dengan kutipan langsung
dan nomer halaman
Disini, saya mengambil pelajaran dari
pendapat yang ditulis orang lain.
(pemikiran saya sendiri, jadi tidak
perlu dirujuk).
Lihat bagaimana saya memanfaatkan
sumber pustaka (yang dirujuk) untuk
memperkuat argumen/opini saya
diatas.
Saya menuliskan tujuan dari esay
saya. Agar pembaca tahu apa inti dari
esay saya. dan isi dari tulisan saya
selanjutnya.
DAN SETERUSNYA......INGAT
ESAY = ARGUMENTASI ANDA DIDUKUNG SUMBER
(Bukan summary/ringkasan teori atau kejadian)
19
CONTOH PENULISAN ESAY/TUGAS: Negosiasi Vs Argumentasi dan Persuasi
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Provis, C. (2004). Negotiation, Persuasion, and Argument.
Argumentation, 18, 95-112.
Walton, D. N. (1990). What is reasoning? What is an
argument. The Journal of Philosophy, 87 (8), 339419.
Semua rujukan yang ada di dalam teks
harus di tulis dalam DAFTAR
PUSTAKA.
ILUSTRASI PLAGIARISME
Tulisan diatas bebas dari plagiasi. Bagaimanakah plagiasi
bisa terjadi? Sebagai ilustrasi, saya akan memberikan
contoh dengan beberapa skenario.
Satu paragraf dibawah ini saya ambil dari buku Ilmu
Komunikasi: Suatu Pengantar milik Deddy Mulyana
(2011) halaman 46.
Kata komunikasi atau communicaton dalam bahasa
Inggris berasal dari kata latin communis yang berarti
“sama”, communico, communicatio, atau communicare
yang berarti membuat sama (to make common). Istilah
pertama (communis) paling sering disebut sebagai asal
kata komunikasi, yang merupakan akar dari kata-kata
latin lainnya yang mirip. Komunikasi menyarankan bahwa
suatu pikiran, suatu makna, atau suatu pesan dianut
secara sama. Akan tetapi definisi-definisi kontemporer
menyatakan bahwa komunikasi merujuk pada cara
berbagi hal-hal tersebut, seperti dalam kalimat “Kita
berbagi pikiran,” “Kita mendiskusikan makna,” dan “Kita
mengirimkan pesan”.
Tulisan asli Deddy Mulyana dalam
buku Ilmu Komunikasi
Skenario: mahasiswa diminta untuk membuat esay
mengenai pentingnya komunikasi dalam berorganisasi.
20
CONTOH PENULISAN ESAY/TUGAS: Negosiasi Vs Argumentasi dan Persuasi
CONTOH PLAGIASI
Mahasiswa 1
Kata komunikasi atau communicaton dalam bahasa
Inggris berasal dari kata latin communis yang berarti
“sama”, communico, communicatio, atau communicare
yang berarti membuat sama (to make common). Istilah
pertama (communis) paling sering disebut sebagai asal
kata komunikasi, yang merupakan akar dari kata-kata
latin lainnya yang mirip. Komunikasi menyarankan bahwa
suatu pikiran, suatu makna, atau suatu pesan dianut
secara sama. Akan tetapi definisi-definisi kontemporer
menyatakan bahwa komunikasi merujuk pada cara
berbagi hal-hal tersebut, seperti dalam kalimat “Kita
berbagi pikiran,” “Kita mendiskusikan makna,” dan “Kita
mengirimkan pesan”.
Mahasiswa 2
Komunikasi sangat penting dalam kehidupan
berorganisasi. Kita mengetahui bahwa kata komunikasi
atau communicaton dalam bahasa Inggris berasal dari
kata latin communis yang berarti “sama”. Istilah
communis biasanya disebut sebagai asal kata komunikasi,
yang merupakan akar dari kata-kata komunikasi lainnya.
Maka dari itu, manajer tidak bisa mengelakkan peran
komunikasi dalam organisasi.
Mahasiswa 3
Menurut Mulyana (2011) Komunikasi menyarankan
bahwa suatu pikiran, suatu makna, atau suatu pesan
dianut secara sama. Kata komunikasi atau communicaton
dalam bahasa Inggris berasal dari kata latin communis
yang berarti “sama”, communico, communicatio, atau
communicare yang berarti membuat sama (to make
common). Istilah pertama (communis) paling sering
disebut sebagai asal kata komunikasi, yang merupakan
akar dari kata-kata latin lainnya yang mirip. Akan tetapi
definisi-definisi kontemporer menyatakan bahwa
komunikasi merujuk pada cara berbagi hal-hal tersebut,
seperti dalam kalimat “Kita berbagi pikiran,” “Kita
mendiskusikan makna,” dan “Kita mengirimkan pesan”.
Plagiarisme total karena Sekedar copy
paste tanpa dirujuk dan tanpa di
parafrase
Plagiarisme total karena walaupun di
modifikasi/ di paraphrase, mahasiswa
2 tidak mencantumkan sumber/ tidak
merujuk untuk kalimat yang
diambilnya dari Deddy Mulyana
Plagiarisme total karena walaupun
mencantumkan sumber dan kalimat
diputar2/ bolak balik,Mahasiswa 3
menggunakan seluruh paragraf
Mulyana tanpa diparafrase dan
dirujuk dengan salah
21
CONTOH PENULISAN ESAY/TUGAS: Negosiasi Vs Argumentasi dan Persuasi
Bagaimana merujuk yang benar? CONTOH
Mahasiswa 4
Komunikasi merupakan hal yang sangat signifikan bagi
jalannya sebuah organisasi. Definisi kontemporer
komunikasi menyatakan bahwa komunikasi merupakan
tindakan berbagi pikiran, makna, ide, atau gagasan
(Mulyana, 2011). Oleh karena itu, dalam sebuah
organisasi pertukaran makna antara anggota organisasi
menjadi inti dari komunikasi organisasi itu sendiri. Sesuai
dengan pendapat Chenney, Christensen, Zorn & Ganesh
(2004: 8) yang menyatakan bahwa komunikasi organisasi
adalah “the creation of meanings within an organisation”,
maka anggota organisasi saling bergantung satu sama lain
dalam memaknai kehidupan organisasinya. Hal ini terjadi
melalui proses komunikasi.
CONTOH PLAGIASI LAINNYA
Skenario: di kelas lain, mahasiswa diminta menulis esay
tentang motivasi. Salah satu tulisannya:
Mahasiswa AB
Suatu faktor utama yang menunjukkan atau
mencerminkan vitalitas kerja adalah reaksi seseorang
terhadap seberapa jauh harapannya telah dipenuhi
oleh organisasi dimana ia bekerja. Hellriegel, Slocum,
dan Woodman (1986:531) menyatakan bahwa
kelelahan diantara para pegawai professional
berhubungan dengan mempunyai harapan yang tidak
realistic mengenai pekerjaan mereka dan kemampuan
mereka untuk mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan,
berdasarkan situasi tempat mereka berada. Niniger
(1970) menemukan bahwa tingkat kepuasan pegawai
yang harapannya terpenuhi secara signifikansi lebih
tinggi daripada mereka yang harapannya tidak
terpenuhi.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Pace, Wayne & Don F. Faules. (2002). Komunikasi
Organisasi: Strategi Meningkatkan Kinerja
Perusahaan. Ed. Deddy Mulyana. Bandung: PT.
Remaja Rosdakarya
Blues, R. (2012), Teknik-teknik Negosiasi, Alamat web:
,file:///D:/Communication%20Departement
/MODUL%20BUKU/persuasi%20negosiasi/t
eknik%20negosiasi/10%20Teknik%20Nego
siasi%20%C2%AB%20Ryan%20Blues%20B
erbagi
%20%
5E_%5
Kalimat pertama berisi ide penulis
sendiri
Menggunakan ide dari Deddy Mulyana,
tetapi di parafrase dan dirujuk
Memasukkan argumentasi dan
pemahaman mahasiswa 4 sendiri
Menggunakan sumber lain, untuk
memperkaya tulisan & menghindari
plagiasi.
Menulis kutipan langsung dengan
benar
E.htm,
diakse
s tgl. 5
Juni
20
Perhatikan kutipan yang ada di dalam
teks ini:
Hellriegel, Slocum, dan Woodman
(1986:531)
Niniger (1970)
Daftar pustaka/ referensi isinya tidak
sama dengan referensi dalam teks
22
CONTOH PENULISAN ESAY/TUGAS: Negosiasi Vs Argumentasi dan Persuasi
Daftar Pustaka
Alfabetikal (urut abjad)
Argenti, P. A. (2009). Corporate communications. Boston: McGraw Hill-Irwin.
buku
Ashkanasy, N. M. (2004). Leadership in the Asian
century: Lessons from GLOBE. International Journal of
Organisational Behaviour, 5(3), 150–163.
Jurnal: yang miring
nama jurnalnya
Faizal, E. B. (2011, 5 July). More jobs 'does not mean'
decent work, The Jakarta Post. Diakses dari
Artikel dar koran
online
http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/05/07/morejobs'does-not-mean'-decent-work.html.
Mason, J. (2002). Qualitative researching (2nd ed.). London:
Sage Publications Ltd.
buku
Mulyana, D. (2011). Ilmu komunikasi: Suatu pengantar. Bandung:
Rosda.
Jurnal
McKenna, B. & Rooney, D. (2008). Wise leadership and the
capacity for ontological acuity. Management Communication
Quarterly, 21(4), 537–546.
Laporan/ report
OECD. (2008). Improving labour outcome. Paris: Organisation
for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Tambunan, D. B. (2008). The professional phenomena of family
business. Makalah dipresentasikan dalam ISB Asian Invitational
Conference on Family Business, Indian School of Business,
Gachibowli.
Makalah
Tasci, A. D. A., & Gartner, W. C. (2009). A practical framework for
destination branding. Dalam L. A. Cai, W. C. Gartner & A. M.
Munar (Eds.), Bridging Tourism Theory and Practice (Vol. 1,
hal 149-158). London: Emerald group publishing.
Buku editan /
edited book
Panduan selengkapnya lihat di lembaran APA
-
Usahakan tidak merujuk blog dan wikipedia. Anda bisa
membacanya sebagai pengetahuan dasar, tetapi jangan
digunakan untuk rujukan ilmiah. Kecuali, kajian anda mengenai
blog atau itu sendiri.
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