1 Electric Circuit (Nillson) (7th edition) Ch1.Circuit Variables 1-2 The International system of units 1.Devices unit in system of units Unit name (1)electric potential: (2)electric resistance: (3)electric conductance: (4)inductance: (5)energy or work (6)power: 2. Standardizede prefixes to signify power of 10 (1)pico (2)nano (3)micro (4)milli (5)centi (6)deci (7)deka (8)hector (9)kilo (10)mega (11)giga (12)tera 1-4 Voltage and current 1.voltage: 2.current:單位時間(t)內,通過截面積之電荷 2 1-6 Power and energy 1.power: 單位時間(t)內,產生或消耗之能量(W) f.e.1.2.3. Ch2. Circuit elements 2-1 voltage and current sources 1.ideal independent voltage source: 2.ideal independent current source: 3.dependent voltage source: 4.dependent current source: 5. active element: a device capable of generate electric energy 6.passive element: devices that cannot generate electric energy 2-2 Electrical resistance(Ohm’s law) 1.resistance: 電流流過導體, 導體產生電壓(V) 2.conductance 3 2-3 Construction of a circuit model 1.short circuit: 2.open circuit: 2-4 Kirchhoff’s Law 1.Kirchhoff’s current law(KCL): algebraic sum of all the currents at any node in a circuit equals zero f.e. 2. Kirchhoff’s voltage law(KVL): algebraic sum of all the voltages around any closed path in a circuit equals zero f.e. 2-5 Analysis of a circuit containing dependent sources f.e. 4 CH3.Simple resistive circuits 3-1 Resistors in series 3-2 Resistors in parallel f.e. 3-3 The voltage divider and current divider circuits 1. voltage divide circuit 2. current divider circuits 3-4 voltage division and current division 1. voltage division 2. current division 5 3-6 Measuring resistance ----The Wheatstone Bridge 目的:測量電阻值 3-7 Delta-to-Wye(Pi-to-Tee) equivalent circuits 1.△-to-Y transformation f.e. CH4. Techniques of circuit analysis 4-1 Torminology 1.node 2.path 3.branch 4.loop 5.mesh 6.essential node(3 個以上 branches 之 node) 7.essential branch(連接 2 個 essential node 之 branch) 8.planar circuit 6 4-2 Introduction to the Node-Voltage method Node-Voltage method: 1. find all nodes 2. 以最底下之 node 為 ground 3. 將 node 未知電壓者標上代數 4. 依據 KCL,寫出 node voltage equations 5. 幾個未知數,設幾個 equations,再求解 f.e. 4-3 The node voltage method and dependent sources f.e. 4-4 The node voltage method: some special cases 4-5. Introduction to the mesh current method 1. f.e. 4-6 the mesh current method and dependent sources 7 4-7 the mesh current method: some special cases 4-8 The node voltage method versus the mesh current method 4-9 Source Transformations 4-10 Thevenin and Norton equivalents Thevenin Theorem: 1.求 Vth 時: (1) 移開負載 (2) 若無相依電源時,可直接求得 若有相依電源時,用 KVL 或 KCL 求得 2.求 Rth 時: (1) 移開負載 (2) 獨立電壓源------短路, 獨立電流源------斷路, 相依電源-------保留 (3) 若無相依電源時-------可直接求出 若有相依電源時------ 自己設立 Vo 和 Io Rth = Vo , 如果仍然無法 Io 求得 Rth, 則將獨立電壓源和獨立電流源恢復再將 load 短路得 Isc 則 Rth = Vth I sc f.e. 4-11 More on deriving a Thevenin equivalent 4-12 Maximum power transfer 8 4-13 Superposition: when circuit 具有兩個以上 sources 時,可先求出各別 source 之 response 最後再將 all response 相加即為總 response (電壓源視為 short; 電流源視為 open) Ch5. The operational amplifier 5-1 opereation amplifier terminals 1. op 的 circuit symbol 2.op 的兩種輸入 3.op 的 IC 接腳圖 5-2 Terminal voltage and current 1.negative feedback 2.positive feedback 5-3 The inverting amplifier circuit 9 5-4 The summing amplifier circuit 5-5 The noninverting amplifier circuit CH6 Inductance Capacitance and Mutual Inductance 6-1The Inductor 1. f.e. 6-2 The Capacitor 1. f.e. 6-3. Series-parallel combination of inductance and capacitance 1. series of inductance 4.parallel of inductance 10 5.series of capacitance 6.parallel of capacitance f.e. 6-4 mutual inductance CH7.Response of first-order RL and RC circuits 7-1 The natural response of an RL circuit f.e. 7-2 The natural response of an RC circuit f.e. 11 7-3 The step responses of RL and RC circuits 1. The step responses of RL circuit 2. The step responses of RC circuit 7-4 A general solution for step and natural responses 7-5 sequential switching 7-6 unbounded response 7-7 the integrating amplifier 12 Ch8. natural and responses of RLC circuits 8-1 introduction to the natural response of a parallel RLC circuit 8-2 the forms of the natural response of a parallel RLC circuit 8-3 the step responses of a parallel RLC circuit 8-4 the natural and step response of a series RLC circuit 8-5 A circuit with two integrating amplifier Ch9. Sinusoidal steady-state analysis 9-1 The sinusoidal source 1.sinusoidal voltage source:隨時間做弦波變動的電壓源 2. sinusoidal current source:隨時間做弦波變動的電流源 3.period 4.phase angle 5.frequency 6.Hz 7.angle frequency 8.maximum amplitude f.e. 9.root mean square(rms)