Industrial Intro Page 1
Card number_____ 1 card fld "Info"
Industrial Audiology, CD 5702
Instructor: Robert de Jonge, Ph.D.
Office: Martin 58, 660-543-8809, dejonge@cmsu1.cmsu.edu,
rdejonge@earthlink.net
Attendance: Class attendance policy is consistent with University policy. In addition, four absences are allowed for whatever reason
(approved or not, at your discretion). Beyond this the final grade is reduced by 1/4 of a letter grade for each additional absence.
The final grade will be increased by 1/4 for each of the allowed absences that is not used. Perfect attendance improves performance by one full letter grade.
Course Outline
I. Introduction
A. Basic terminology, overview of effects of noise
B. Factors relating to exposure
a. Parameters of sound, SPL scale
b. Continuous/impulse noise
c. Description of the sound level meter
d. Weighting networks and octave-band filters
e. Typical noise spectra, control techniques
C. Introduction to hearing and hearing loss
a. Brief overview of anatomy/physiology
b. TTS, PTS, ATS and NIHL
c. Audiogram description and interpretation
d. Typical NIHL, audiometric configuration
e. Estimates of material impairment, or "fence"
f. Speech perception and high frequency hearing loss
g. Adverse psychological effects of hearing loss
D. Variables relating to damage risk criteria

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a. Hearing loss and aging, sex differences
b. Types of presbycusis
c. Hearing loss as a function of exposure time and exposure level
d. Risk of developing material hearing loss
e. Worker exposures for different industries
E. Overview of compensation, AMA guidelines
II. Hearing conservation program
A. Overview of basic components of a program
B. 29 CFR 1910.95: comparing the standards
a. PEL and trigger level
b. Exposure monitoring and audiometry
c. Training program
d. Recordkeeping
III. Measurement of Hearing
A. Basic requirements, ANSI standards for normal hearing
B. Permissable Ambient noise levels
a. Effects on hearing
b. Choosing a suitable test suite
C. Audiometer calibration
D. Determining audiometric threshold
E. Causes of Hearing loss
a. Occupational/non-occupational
b. Referral criteria and case history
F. Manual versus automatic audiometry
IV. Hearing protectors
A. Types available
B. Advantages/disadvantages
C. Effects on speech intelligibility
D. NIOSH rating methods
V. Noise-induced hearing loss revisited
A. Modeling TTS, ATS, PTS
B. Theories concerning etiology
VI. Non-auditory effects of noise
A. Physiological effects
B. Job performance
C. Safety/absenteeism
D. Psychological responses card fld "Reading Assignments…"

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Readings for Industrial Audiology
Text: The Noise Manual edited by EH Berger, LH Royster, JD
Royster, DP Driscoll, and M Lane © 2000.
Supplemental: Hearing Conservation in Industry by Alan Feldman
& Charles Grimes, © 1985.
Occupational Hearing Conservation by Maurice Miller & Carol
Silverman, © 1984
Industrial Noise and Hearing Conservation by Julian Olishifski
& Earl Harford, © 1975
Assignments For Mid-term Exam
Required, Berger et al.:
Chapter 1 Noise Control and Hearing Conservation: Why Do
It? by EH Berger
Chapter 6 Program Overview and Administration by AP
Stewart
Chapter 2 Physics of Sound by PB Ostergaard
Chapter 3 Sound Measurement: Instrumentation and Noise
Descriptors by JJ Earshen
Scan for Exposure to Information:
Chapter 7 Noise Surveys and Data Analysis by LH Royster,
EH Berger, and JD Royster
Chapter 9 Noise Control Engineering by DP Driscoll and LH
Royster
Optional, Supplemental:
Feldman & Grimes
Chapter 1 Overview of Noise Exposure & HCPs
Chapter 2 Effects of Noise on Hearing
Chapter 3 Noise Measurement & Engineering Controls
Olishifski & Harford
Chapter 2 Physics of Sound
Chapter 7 Anatomy/Physiology/Pathology
Chapter 21 Audiometry: General
Chapter 24 Audiometry: Determining Threshold
Assignments For Final Exam
Required, Berger et al.:
Chapter 4 Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear: Normal And
Damaged Hearing by WD Ward, LH and JD Royster
Chapter 5 Auditory and Nonauditory Effects of Noise by WD
Ward, LH and JD Royster
Chapter 8 Education and Motivation by LH and JD Royster
Chapter 10 Hearing Protection Devices by EH Berger

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Chapter 11 Audiometric Monitoring Phase of the HCP by JD
Royster
Chapter 16 Standards and Regulations by AH Suter
(Focus on sections dealing with 29 CFR Part 1910.95)
Appendix 1: 29 CFR 1910.95 Occupational Noise Exposure, March, 1983
Optional, Supplemental:
Feldman & Grimes
Chapter 4 Overview of Noise Exposure & HCPs
Chapter 5 Hearing Conservation Programs
Chapter 6 Hearing Protector Devices
Chapter 7,8 Training Programs
Chapter 9 Audiometric Testing
Miller & Silverman
Appendix 1 29 CFR 1910.95 Occupational Noise Exposure
January, 1981
You may also be interested in:
Hearing Conservation Manual, 3rd ed., Suter AH, Council for
Accreditation in Occupational Hearing Conservation, 1993.
ANSI standards of interest:
ANSI S1.25-1991. Specification for personal noise dosimeters.
ANSI S12.19-1996. Measurement of occupational noise exposure.
ANSI S3.44-1996. Determination of occupational noise exposure and estimation of noise-induced hearing impairment.
Draft ANSI S12.13-1991. Evaluating the effectiveness of hearing conservation programs. card fld "Major Topics…"
You should understand…
•Physics of sound…
◊how sound is generated in the environment
◊what its basic parameters are
◊how it is measured, scales used for measuring sound
√In general you should be able to understand the exposure environment

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•Anatomy & physiology of the ear
◊the 3 major divisions of the ear
◊the function of each major division
◊aspects of auditory physiology relevant to industrial environments
√In general you should be able to understand how the ear works
•Effects of noise on hearing
◊relate exposure (noise dose) to probable risk, damage
◊handicapping effects of hearing impairment
√In general you should be able to understand how the exposure environment affects hearing, and what this means to the individual
•Hearing conservation programs
◊how to create and maintain an effective hearing conservation program
◊comply with OSHA guidelines, federal regulations
√In general you should be able to understand how to prevent the worker from developing hearing loss from occupational noise exposure card fld "Study Guide…"
Study Guide
Material covered will be from both lecture and readings.
General questions will be asked about the material involving acoustics and anatomy and physiology. Only the very simplest computations will be asked. You shouldn't need a calculator.
Factors Relating to Noise Exposure
- Differences between NIHL and acoustic trauma; occupational hearing loss, sociocusis, presbycusis and nosoacousis. The importance of both level and duration in producing hearing loss.
- The effects of noise: physiologic (auditory and non-auditory), psychoacoustic (masking and speech perception), and psychologic.
- Effects of noise exposure on absenteeism and worker performance.
- Physical variables affecting exposure
- The basic requirements for production of sound and the basic characteristics of sound including frequency, amplitude, wavelength, phase, and time.

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- The units representing pressure and intensity and the SPL and IL scales.
- Be somewhat familiar with typical environmental sounds, such as speech and the associated SPL.
- Continuous (steady state, fluctuating, intermittant) and impulse
(type A and B) noise.
- Measurement of sound with a sound level meter, advantages of using a dosimeter, characteristics of the weighting networks, and octave-band filter set.
- The relationship between the A-scale and the threshold sensitivity curve, phon scale and sone scale.
- The spectra of typical environmental noises and be generally aware of noise abatement techniques.
Hearing and Hearing Loss
- Have a general knowledge of the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the external, middle, and inner ears. Only general questions will be asked.
- Audiometric configuration of NIHL and head injury.
- A general interpretation of the audiogram and the three standards: ASA-1951, ISO-1964, and ANSI-1969.
- The buildup and recovery of hearing loss from noise exposure
(TTS, ATS, NIPTS) and practical implications of the form of the functions relating hearing loss to exposure time.
- A general knowledge of seemingly minor and/or trivial points which instructors always ask.
- Sensorineural vs. conductive hearing loss, treatability and limitations with amplification.
- The concept of the "fence" and means of computing compensable hearing loss.
- Hearing loss resulting from different exposure levels.
- ACL speech, regions of the spectrum for vowel and consonant energy, and general effects of hearing loss on speech perception.
- An appreciation of the difficulty listeners have in coping with background noise.
- Emotional and social aspects of hearing loss.
- General components of an aural rehabilitation program.
- The difference between hearing impairment, handicap, and disability.
- The three psychological level of hearing according to Ramsdell.
- Understand, in a general way, the different types of presbycusis, how hearing loss develops as a function of age, the amount of hearing loss which can be attributed to factors other than pure physiological aging (i.e., the Mabaan tribe studied by Rosen).
- Be familiar with the form of the function relating magnitude of noise-induced hearing loss to exposure, and the exponential function relating threshold shift to average daily exposure level.

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Understand how hearing loss builds to an asymptote, and how even small increases in exposure level beyond 90 dBA can result in relatively large hearing losses.
- The different extimates of risk of crossing the 25 dB fence for different exposure levels by ISO, EPA, NIOSH, and what the risk would have been with the January version of the standard adopted.
- Have a general idea of the different industries having the greatest numbers of workers exposed, what the overall percentage of workers exposed happens to be and the levels at which they are exposed.
- Have somewhat of an understanding of the politics affecting the three hearing conservation standards. Have a thorough understanding of the provisions of the March 1983 version of the standard, and a general idea of the the changes made in the March as opposed to the January 1981 standard.
- Be familiar with the eight components of a good hearing conservation program: planning and organization, noise survey
(initial determination), noise control, audiometry, medical consultation, hearing protection, education, ongoing administration.
- Understand how a dose and TWA is computed under paragraph (a) of
29 CFR 1910.95, which conditions are likely to results in dose exceeding the permissable exposure level.
- Be familiar with the requirements for measuring hearing: suitable test equipment, appropriate test environment, competent tester, patient cooperation, normative data.
- Differences between the three standards used to calibrate audiometers.
- Be able to answer general question which relate to acoustic calibration of audiometers, the adverse effects of testing in an environment which has ambient noise levels which exceed those specified by the ANSI standard,and how these specifications can be used in selecting an appropriate audiometric test suite.
- Understand the steps to be performed in routine air conduction testing, the three procedures which can be used to measure hearing and the differences which might be obtained from using one technique over another.
- Be familiar with the methods used with automatic audiometry, the advantages and the disadvantages associated with automatic audiometry.
- Don't forget the readings. card fld "Auds & IHs…"
Audiologists can…
•Help with the Mac, HyperCard, printing stack

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•Give clinic tour, describe activities done in different areas
√basic hearing testing, COR, immittance
√evoked potentials, ABR
√ENG
√hearing aid lab, real-ear probe mic measures
•Demonstrate techniques of otoscopy
•Demonstrate hearing threshold testing (air conduction measurements)
•Earphone calibration
•Measuring real-ear attenuation of HPDs
Hygienists can…
•Describe their profession
•Demonstrate noise measurement techniques
•Use of dosimeters
•Use of HPDs in industrial environments
•Managing HCPs in real-life situations
***
Are there volunteers, one or two each from Aud and IH willing to be
"management," "leaders" to coordinate these activities?
Card number_____ 2 card fld "de Jonge's Office" de Jonge's Office
543-8809 card fld "Evoked Potentials"
Auditory Evoked Potentials
•Auditory brainstem response
(ABR) for detecting VIII nerve pathology (tumors)
•Determining hearing sensitivity in the difficult to test (neonates, infants) card fld "Hearing Aid"
Hearing Aid Lab
•ANSI coupler measures of hearing aid performance

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•Verification of prescription via real-ear probe mic measurements
•Programmable hearing aid fitting
•Earmold and ITE shell modification card fld "ENG"
Electronystagmography (ENG) Lab
•evaluation of the balance system, primarily visual and vestibular systems card fld "Front Desk"
Front Desk
•Brenda Dooley is our Support Coordinator
•Phone 543-4993 for appointment information (fax is 543-8234) card fld "Front Booth"
Front Audiometric Test Booth
•Pediatric and adult testing
•Pure tone air and bone conduction
•Speech audiometry
•Visual reinforcement and play audiometry
•Central auditory processing evaluation
•Immittance audiometry
•Otoscopy