Abandonment Analyses for a Fire in a Nuclear Power Plant
Control Room
by
Ashley Mossa
An Engineering Project Submitted to the Graduate
Faculty of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
in Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF ENGINEERING in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Approved:
_________________________________________
Ernesto Gutierrez-Miravete, Project Adviser
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Hartford, Connecticut
April, 2010
CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ iii
LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... iv
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... v
1. Background .................................................................................................................. 6
1.1
Introduction ........................................................................................................ 6
2. Methodology ................................................................................................................ 9
2.1
Objective ............................................................................................................ 9
2.2
FDS Failure Parameters to estimate time to evacuation .................................... 9
2.3
FDS Model Setup ............................................................................................. 13
2.3.1
2.4
2.5
General FDS Introduction .................................................................... 13
FDS Model Overview ...................................................................................... 14
2.4.1
FDS Model Non-Ventilation ................................................................ 15
2.4.2
FDS Model Ventilated ......................................................................... 16
Post-Processing (Determining MCB Frequency)............................................. 17
3. Results and Discussion .............................................................................................. 21
3.1
Mesh Size ......................................................................................................... 21
3.2
Results .............................................................................................................. 23
3.3
Main Control Board Abandonment Frequency ................................................ 27
4. Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 29
5. References.................................................................................................................. 30
Appendix A – FDS Model Non-Ventilated ..................................................................... 32
Appendix B – FDS Model Ventilated ............................................................................. 39
Appendix C – Heat Flux Graphs for FDS Cases ............................................................. 47
ii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: 500kW Fire Non-Ventilated Device File (Modified) ........................................ 18
Table 2: 1500 kW Fire Non-Ventilated Device File (Modified) ..................................... 20
Table 3: Non-Ventilated Summary of Failure Parameters .............................................. 26
Table 4: Ventilated Summary of Failure Parameters ...................................................... 26
Table 5: Main Control Board Frequency of Abandonment (Non-Ventilated) ................ 28
Table 6: Main Control Board Frequency of Abandonment (Ventilation On) ................. 28
iii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Gamma Distribution of HRR ........................................................................... 11
Figure 2: Room Layout of FDS Case .............................................................................. 16
Figure 3: FDS Model with Ventilation ............................................................................ 17
Figure 4: Comparison of FDS Mesh Sizes ...................................................................... 22
Figure 5: Temperature Profile for FDS Runs (Non-Ventilated) ...................................... 24
Figure 6: Temperature Profile for FDS Runs (Ventilated) .............................................. 25
Figure 7: Heat Flux Profile for FDS Runs (Non-Ventilated) .......................................... 47
Figure 8: Heat Flux Profile for FDS Runs (Ventilated) .................................................. 48
iv
ABSTRACT
The computer program Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) was used to simulate fire
scenarios in a typical nuclear power plant main control room. This computational fluid
dynamics program was run for a variety of cases consisting of several different fires
sizes and two different configurations. The fire sizes ranged from a small fire of 100kW,
to a large fire of 2000 kW. The two configurations include no forced ventilation and a
configuration where forced ventilation is considered. The construction of the main
control room is a simplified representation of a U.S. nuclear plant in all aspects
including wall construction, wall height, wall thickness, room layout, ceiling height and
openings in ceiling.
Each run provides a device file which contains outputs such as time vs.
temperature, optical density and heat flux. Failure criterion was established using the
guidance in NUREG/CR-6850 and the time at which the failure occur is noted. The
failure time is used to calculate a non-suppression probability which is later manipulated
into a frequency of abandonment and ultimately a core damage frequency.
No
significant time difference was experienced between the ventilated and non-ventilated
case. This could be due to the location of the vents relative to the fire, or domination by
the fire at high heat release rates.
Because of the continually occupied space and high training frequency of the
operators, the calculations performed in this work suggest that a fire in the main control
room is unlikely to result in core damage to a commercial nuclear power reactor.
v
1. Background
1.1 Introduction
Nuclear power is a safe, clean and proven way to provide a base load of power to
many customers at an affordable rate. While some people fear nuclear power due to the
risk of accidents and radioactive release, the United States currently has 104 commercial
operating nuclear power plants (NPP), each with decades of safe operation. Aside from
component malfunction, commercial NPPs are susceptible to risks to safe shutdown
including internal flood, internal fires, wind and earthquakes. Intensive engineering
evaluations, administrative controls and inherent plant design are all ways to mitigate
risk in nuclear power plants. Additionally nuclear plants are designed with redundancy
(i.e. two identical pumps capable of the same function) and diversity (i.e. motor-driven
pump and turbine driven pump). Typically, plants have two or more trains of pumps and
valves that are physically and electrically separated in case of equipment failure or
damage to one set of equipment. However, cases exist where two or more trains of
equipment are either located in the same room, have the same power supply, or cables
for the equipment are routed together. These cases can become troublesome for a large
fire that could damage both trains of equipment.
Since the Brown’s Ferry Nuclear Power Plant fire in 1975 challenged safe
shutdown, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has pushed for more stringent
fire protection programs including Appendix R [1] and National Fire Protection
Association (NFPA) 805. In 1979, Appendix R forced plants to revamp their fire
protection program, develop a fire hazards analysis, and have certain fire prevention
features. Currently, NPPs have the option of complying with Appendix R or moving to a
performance based approach, NFPA 805, which combines deterministic and risk
analysis. As a result of the movement to NFPA 805, many plants are in the process of
developing a Fire Probabilistic Risk Assessment (FPRA).
A useful reference for
developing a FPRA is NUREG/CR-6850 [2]. NUREG/CR-6850 serves as the building
blocks needed to support NFPA 805 risk tasks and to support risk based plant
applications. A FPRA model calculates risk in a detailed Boolean logic model. The
FPRA model combines traditional failures (i.e. pump failure) in combination with
6
particular fire scenarios (i.e. fire destroys particular components and cables) to obtain a
core damage frequency (CDF) associated with fire risk. Core damage frequency is the
likelihood an accident could cause the fuel in the reactor to be damaged given the way
the reactor is designed and operated [14]. Core damage is a very rare event with
probabilities somewhere around the 2.5E-05 range for typical US commercial reactors.
One task in the development of a FPRA model is to evaluate the CDF associated
with the Main Control Room (MCR). The MCR is a unique room in a nuclear plant
because it is constantly occupied and contains cabling, indication and control for
virtually all equipment vital to safe shutdown. A large fire in the main control room can
be detrimental to safe shutdown capability as cables and control circuitry can be
damaged as well as cause un-inhabitable conditions for the control room operators. If
the MCR environment becomes uninhabitable, the control room operators can venture to
an alternate shutdown panel which is electrically and physically separated where
operators can safety shutdown the plant.
This project aims to determine the time at which the MCR becomes uninhabitable and operators must leave the control room. A specialized computational
fluids dynamics program, Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) will be used to construct a
model of the MCR; a variety of fire sizes will be postulated to occur in the main control
board (MCB) or horseshoe. Using the abandonment conditions set forth in NUREG/CR6850 [2], the time to abandonment will be calculated and a main control board CDF will
be established.
On record there are about thirty-eight reported fires in the main control room of
U.S. nuclear power plants. Twenty-eight of these events have data about how the fire
event was suppressed. All of the twenty-eight events were either extinguished with a
portable fire extinguisher (twelve), required no suppression (nine), equipment was deenergized (six) or blown out (one). Typically nuclear plants have a combination of fixed
suppression and fire detection located throughout the plant. The fixed suppression can
be anything from a gaseous suppression agent, wet pipe sprinkler, or automatic preaction system where upon detection an alarm sounds and pressurizes the system and a
certain time period elapses before discharge such that personnel in the area can evacuate
the space.
It is important to reiterate none of the twenty-eight events that had
7
suppression data needed gaseous or water suppression from a fixed suppression system.
None of the fires in the main control room caused any injuries or fatalities and none of
these fires compromised safe shut down of the reactor. The highest direct loss of
property totaled somewhere in the range of $10,000 to $50,000. Two fires caused a
manual shutdown of the reactor. One fire was on a resistor which failed to due
degradation and the other fire was on a relay which burned up as a result of a personnel
error. Lastly nineteen of the twenty fires lasted less than fifteen minutes, with a vast
majority lasting under five minutes.
8
2. Methodology
2.1 Objective
The objective of this project is to build a fire simulation of a main control board
fire in a nuclear power plant MCR using the FDS code.
Once the input file is
constructed, the model will be run for a variety of fire sizes starting at 100kW up to
2000kW. The main output of the fire model is the time to forced abandonment (or the
time at which environmental conditions become uninhabitable) from the control room
for each fire size. The time to abandonment will then be ultimately manipulated to
calculate the core damage frequency. The output of this project will be two frequencies;
a core damage frequency assuming no forced ventilation, and a core damage frequency
with forced ventilation.
2.2 FDS Failure Parameters to estimate time to evacuation
NUREG/CR-6850 [2] Task 11 establishes criterion for determining the point of
forced abandonment and are summarized below:

Heat flux at 6’ above the floor exceeds 1kW/m2. A smoke layer around
95°C could generate such heat flux.

The smoke layer descends below 6’ from the floor, and optical density of the
smoke is less than 0.3m

A fire inside the main control board damaging internal targets 7’ apart (not
part of this analysis)
During the FDS run it would be beneficial to collect certain parameters such as
temperature, heat flux and optical density versus time. FDS allows you to specify
“devices” which act as sensors and are used to monitor certain properties as specified in
the input file. FDS can record many more properties than specified in the input file
contained in Appendix A and Appendix B. However for simplicity the only parameters
to be recorded are those needed in later steps of the calculation. These values are
temperature, heat flux and optical density. Each device measures specified values at
about
two
second
intervals
and
are
control_room_devc.csv.
9
tabulated
in
the
device
file
titled
After each run the control_room.devc.csv file is manipulated to determine the time
at which failure parameters are met. Once the time to forced abandonment is known,
this time is used as an input to calculate the non-suppression probability. The forced
abandonment frequency per scenario is determined by multiplying a non-suppression
probability and a severity factor. Calculation of the CDF required determination of the
following four parameters:

Non-Suppression Probability (NSP): Probability that the fire will be
suppressed before critical damage can occur.

Severity Factor (SF): Measure of the frequency of occurrence of fires
with varying intensities.

Conditional Core Damage Probability (CCDP): Probability that core
damage will occur for a given individual scenario.

Main Control Board Ignition Frequency: Frequency of the main control
board catching fire per reactor year.
These four factors and methods for their determination are described below.
Non-Suppression Probability:
Nuclear plants have a variety of fire protection features to promptly detect fires upon
ignition and suppress the fire before it can spread out of control. Even with detection
and suppression this technology can still fail to operate when required; because of this, a
probability must be developed to account for system unavailability or failed
detection/suppression. This non-suppression probability determines how long the fire
needs to burn before causing damage and the likelihood of being suppressed. As stated
in Appendix P of [2], some credit for fire detection and fire suppression can be credited
if it is suspected that the time to detection and suppression will be less than the
calculated time to cause damage to a critical plant component or electrical board. Fire
detection can include a fire watch, smoke detector, heat detector or high sensitivity
detection system (such as incipient detection). Fire suppression can include an on-site
fire brigade, automatic or manual fixed suppression system (either gaseous or water).
The NSP for the control room is an exponential distribution and the lambda value is
from Table P-2 of NUREG/CR-6850 [2] labeled Probability Distribution for Rate of
10
Fires Suppressed per unit time, . The NSP equation, also taken from Appendix P of
NUREG/CR-6850 [2] is as follows;
NSP = Pr(T > t) = e-t
Where  = 0.33,
t = time of MCR abandonment (from FDS), and
T= random variable describing when fire is suppressed
Severity Factor:
Using a cumulative gamma distribution, the severity factor represents the fraction of
fires that can occur per heat release rate minus the fraction of fire sizes below it. This is
best demonstrated in Figure 1 for the varying heat release rates used in this report.
NUREG/CR-6850 [2] provides gamma distribution values for a variety of different
ignition sources in Table G-1. The ignition source that most represents the main control
board is the vertical cabinet with qualified cable, fire in more than one cable bundle.
The corresponding alpha value is 0.7 and beta value is 216.
Figure 1: Gamma Distribution of HRR
11
The non-suppression probability and the severity factor are multiplied together for
each heat release rate to obtain a frequency of abandonment per heat release rate. The
summation of all heat release rates is called the total the forced abandonment frequency.
The total forced abandonment frequency is then multiplied by the following two values;

Fire Ignition Frequency for Main Control Board and

Conditional Core Damage Probability
The historical frequency of the MCB catching fire can be found in Task 6 of
NUREG/CR-6850 [2], the Fire Ignition Frequency task. This task conducts a plant-wide
count of equipment contained in nuclear power plants that can be a potential fire source.
The count includes equipment such as pumps, motors, transformers, and the main
control board among others. An ignition frequency is the frequency of a component
catching fire per reactor year. The ignition frequency of the main control board is
needed to calculate the abandonment CDF. NUREG/CR-6850 [2] Task 6 Bin 4 (Page 63) contains the ignition frequency for the main control board which is estimated at 2.5E03 per reactor year.
The CCDP is the remaining input to define. Since leaving the control room to shut
down the plant is abnormal, there is some risk associated with shutting the reactor at the
alternate shutdown panel. This analysis will assign a CCDP of 0.10 or 10% probability
that upon leaving the control room that core damage will occur.
The respective non-suppression probability and severity factor are multiplied
together to obtain a frequency of abandonment per each heat release rate.
The
summation of all heat release rates are added to obtain a total frequency of abandonment.
The total abandonment frequency is then multiplied by the ignition frequency for the
main control board and the CCDP to obtain the final CDF associated with a fire in the
main control board.
The calculations needed to estimate abandonment CDF are
summarized below;
∑ (NSP*SF) = FA or;
Summation of Non-Suppression Probability * Severity Factor = Frequency of
Abandonment
12
FA*CCDP*λMCB= Abandondment CDF where;
CCDP = 10% or 0.10 and λMCB = 2.5E-03 yields;
FA*(0.10)*(2.5E-03) = Abandonment CDF
2.5E-04*FA= Abandonment CDF or;
Frequency of Abandonment * Conditional Core Damage Probability* Fire Ignition
Frequency for Main Control Boards = Abandonment CDF, where CCDP and
λMCB are constants
2.3 FDS Model Setup
2.3.1
General FDS Introduction
FDS is a computational fluids dynamics model of fire-driven fluid flow. From
the FDS Technical Reference Guide [11] FDS “solves numerically a form of the NavierStokes equation appropriate for low-speed, thermally-driven flow with an emphasis on
smoke and heat transport from fires.
The partial derivatives of the conservation
equations of mass, momentum and energy are approximated as finite difference, and the
solution is updated in time on a 3-D rectilinear grid.” FDS is easy to obtain and free.
The FDS software package can be acquired online at http://www.fire.nist.gov/fds/.
The user builds an input file which contains details such as grid size, environment,
building geometry, building construction and required outputs. The FDS program runs
and output files are generated based on the text in the input file. Additionally, the
simulation can be viewed with the complimentary program Smokeview which builds an
animation of the case.
FDS runs off of the command prompt and is fairly simple to run as long as the
location of the input file is known. It is recommended to make a folder for each input
file as the FDS program generates many files. This project used the file location
C:\Program Files\NIST\FDS\Examples\MCR and the file name control_room.fds. To
run the FDS model the following process is used;
1. Click on the Start bar and then Run…
2. Type cmd and press Enter
3. In the command prompt type cd \Program Files\NIST\FDS\Examples\MCR
13
4. Type fds5 control_room.fds
2.4 FDS Model Overview
The main control room complex is comprised of five main areas; the control room
containing the main control board and back panels, computer room, stairwell/break
room/elevator shaft, shift manager’s office and mechanical equipment room.
The
control room area compromises a significant portion of the complex and is the focus of
the main control room abandonment study.
The gaseous suppression agent Halon 1301 protects the main control boards. The
Halon system can be activated from a manual pull station located in the control room or
automatically from detectors located in the main walk-in panel. During a fire, the first
detector operates dampers and alerts the control room operators. The second detector
activation discharges Halon after a sixty (60) second delay. Aside from the fire
suppression contained in the main control boards, no fixed suppression exists in the main
control room. Detection exists inside ventilation ducts, in the control room ceiling,
computer room ceiling, stairwell ceiling, break room ceiling, elevator shaft ceiling, shift
manager’s office and mechanical equipment room as well as 26 detectors within the
cabinets. Portable extinguishers and two fire hoses aid in manual suppression of a fire
event. This analysis will not credit automatic or manual suppression.
The Control Room ventilation is provided by two redundant 100% capacity
ventilation units VA-1 and VA-2. Intake unit VA-3 supplies 1,000 CFM of fresh outside
air to the Control Room. Three ventilation zones exist in the main control room; Main
Control Room Area, Computer Room, and Shift Manager’s Office/Lunch Room Areas.
The three operating modes include normal, filtered air makeup and recirculation. The
normal operating mode recirculates 17,000 CFM through the control room and fresh air
makeup of 1,000 CFM from outside. Five-duct mounted smoke detectors in the supply
and exhaust duct will trip both ventilation units VA-1 and VA-2 upon smoke detection.
An override switch is provided to re-initiate the ventilation. Since a fire in the main
control room will likely be detected in the ductwork and to reduce the reliance on
operator actions, the analysis assumes a ventilation system trip at time zero with no
14
recovery for ventilation system. This is a conservative assumption, since the addition of
ventilation could remove smoke particulates. NUREG/CR-6850 [2] suggests running
the FDS model using a smoke purge mode, however it appears no such mode exists for
this particular power plant.
2.4.1
FDS Model Non-Ventilation
Each FDS input file starts with a head and finishes with a tail. FDS recommends
building your FDS input file off of an existing FDS file. Each input file needs a defined
mesh and a vent that is specified as the fire source. The main control board area
occupies roughly half of the main control room envelope. Other areas contained in the
MCR envelope include a shift supervisors office, kitchen, toilet, computer room &
mechanical ventilation area.
The fire dynamics model is built using architectural
drawings of an actual NPP control room. Spatial details such as outer and inner room
dimensions, wall thickness, and ceiling height are all specified in the FDS input file. The
four outer walls are constructed of concrete; the interior walls are mainly constructed
from gypsum board. Acoustic ceiling tiles are the construction of the false ceiling above
the main control boards. Small passive vents that connect to the upper plenum ceiling to
the floor space in front of the main control boards have been added for additional
realism. Figure 2 shows the room layout developed in this study. The largest space is
the control room complex and the sectioned off space in the upper right hand corner is
the shift supervisor’s office. The empty room to the bottom left is the computer room.
The lower right hand quadrant contains the kitchen and break room and a mechanical
ventilation area. The control room complex is the area of focus since operators spend
time monitoring the boards and manipulating controls.
15
Figure 2: Room Layout of FDS Case
To record data during the run certain devices were added in the input file to
capture temperature, heat flux and optical density. The green, blue, yellow, salmon, tan
and purple blocks represent reference locations where the temperature, heat flux and
optical density sensors have been added. Multiple data points were taken in the event of
an error or unforeseen circumstance. The square red block signifies the fire location in
the main control board.
2.4.2
FDS Model Ventilated
The FDS model described in Section 2.4.1 did not take in to account forced
ventilation. The second model developed in support of this project included major return
vents, supply vents, and airflow.
16
Figure 3: FDS Model with Ventilation
Figure 3 is an upside down snapshot of the FDS model to show the addition of the
supply and return vents. Return vents are marked with a blue color and supply vents are
marked with a red color.
2.5 Post-Processing (Determining MCB Frequency)
The output of FDS simulation is twofold.
A visual representation of the
simulation can be viewed by double-clicking the control_room.smv file.
The
Smokeview program is a visualization program that animates the fire simulation in color.
The device parameters such as temperature, optical density, and heat flux are captured in
the control_room_devc.csv file in Microsoft Excel. A modified screen shot of the
500kW non-ventilated .csv file is shown in Table 1 to illustrate the display of the results.
17
The left most column shows the FDS run time in seconds. The times and temperatures
between 10 seconds and 388 seconds have been hidden to quickly illustrate the rise of
temperature as the heat release profile builds. Table 1 also has hidden the additional
device parameters that were captured during the run such as heat flux and optical density
so we can focus solely on one parameter, temperature. For all cases temperature is
measured in °C with an ambient temperature of 20°C.
s
C
C
C
C
C
C
FDS
Time
TEMP 1 TEMP 2 TEMP 3 TEMP 4 TEMP 5 TEMP 6
0.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
1.80
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
3.61
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
5.41
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
7.22
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
9.02
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
369.01
25.01
26.27
27.21
27.16
25.55
27.68
370.80
25.01
26.35
27.26
28.18
25.71
27.65
372.70
25.17
26.39
27.35
27.98
25.93
27.66
374.48
25.26
26.50
27.42
27.49
26.11
28.14
376.27
25.55
26.53
27.65
27.45
26.23
27.83
378.06
25.63
26.56
27.75
27.95
26.24
28.56
379.85
25.67
26.62
27.87
28.46
26.19
28.07
381.64
25.66
26.79
27.98
28.21
26.19
28.64
383.43
25.71
26.91
28.08
28.00
26.24
28.51
385.22
25.70
27.08
28.03
27.97
26.40
28.68
387.06
25.88
27.22
28.00
28.81
26.59
28.75
388.85
26.03
27.23
28.05
28.95
26.71
29.11
390.65
26.19
27.31
28.05
28.99
26.84
28.99
392.44
26.35
27.39
28.10
28.84
26.94
29.19
394.24
26.46
27.51
28.29
28.68
27.05
29.49
396.03
26.38
27.64
28.54
29.19
27.26
29.71
397.83
26.60
27.82
28.83
29.74
27.37
29.70
399.62
26.77
27.93
28.93
29.77
27.50
29.98
401.41
26.92
28.08
28.81
29.58
27.73
29.86
403.21
26.99
28.24
28.90
29.46
27.96
30.06
405.00
27.13
28.37
29.25
29.73
28.08
29.89
406.89
27.22
28.46
29.38
30.13
28.06
30.18
408.69
27.40
28.47
29.42
29.98
27.96
30.23
Table 1: 500kW Fire Non-Ventilated Device File (Modified)
18
The failure threshold for these runs is 95°C. As stated in Section 2.2, at this
room temperature it is advisable for the operators to evacuate the main control room.
Six temperature devices were scattered in the vicinity around the main control board
since these locations best represent the location of operators. Table 2 shows a 1500kW
non-ventilated case in which temperatures are upwards of 90°C. All of the temperature
elements reach 95°C between 633.62 and 671.45 seconds. The first temperature reading
of over 95°C is recorded as the Temperature Failure Time in Table 3 and Table 4 for
non-ventilated and ventilated respectively. This case first reached above 95°C at 633.62
seconds, which corresponds with Table 3, Temperature #4 at 1500kW.
s
C
C
C
C
C
C
FDS
Time
TEMP 1 TEMP 2 TEMP 3 TEMP 4 TEMP 5 TEMP 6
631.8
87.33
86.17
91.07
93.01
85.02
94.94
633.62
89.25
87.7
89.98
96.57
84.28
95.58
635.43
88.49
87.33
90.94
97.39
85.46
95.91
637.24
86.83
87.79
91.85
96.97
87.12
95.46
639.05
88.94
88.73
92.92
92.66
87.18
96.51
640.86
90.7
88.4
91.98
95.98
85.69
97.08
642.61
89.33
88.04
92.19
97.61
86.68
96.96
644.42
87.94
88.78
93.37
98.27
88.23
97.39
646.23
89.68
90.37
95.18
97.41
88.64
98.91
648.04
91.83
90.67
93.87
98.84
88.35
99.87
649.85
91.41
89.67
93.9
100.72
89.05
99.67
651.66
89.92
90.84
95.23
99.52
90.68
100.06
653.41
91.68
91.85
96.41
99.94
90.56
101.14
655.22
94.09
91.93
96.18
100.25
90.38
101.93
657.03
91.84
91.63
95.97
102.46
91.26
102
658.85
91.29
93.13
97.32
101.49
91.33
102.26
660.6
93.77
94.08
98.28
101.78
91.06
102.75
662.42
95.28
93.32
98.3
103.6
91.88
103.68
664.24
93.32
93.25
97.94
103.77
93.86
103.99
666.06
93.31
94.54
98.4
103.64
94
104.28
667.82
95.49
95.52
99.56
104.12
93.72
105.54
669.63
94.56
95.01
99.83
106.37
93.54
105.76
19
s
C
C
C
C
C
C
FDS
Time
TEMP 1 TEMP 2 TEMP 3 TEMP 4 TEMP 5 TEMP 6
671.45
93.22
95.25
100.34
105.87
95.26
106.18
673.21
95.31
96.27
100.66
105.51
95.89
106.65
Table 2: 1500 kW Fire Non-Ventilated Device File (Modified)
This process is repeated for temperature, heat flux and optical density for all cases.
The results of this post-processing are Temperature Failure Times, Optical Density
Failure Times, and Heat Flux Failure Times. This data is found in Table 3 and Table 4
for the non-ventilated and ventilated cases respectively. The fastest time to damage is
starred (*) and used as an input to calculate NSP. The NSP calculations are found in
Table 5 (non-ventilated) and Table 6 (ventilated). Once the NSPs have been calculated
and multiplied by a severity factor the summation of each case becomes the frequency of
abandonment. This frequency of abandonment is multiplied by the CCDP (10%) and
Fire Ignition Frequency for the Main Control Board (2.5E-03). The resulting number is
the abandonment MCR CDF contribution.
20
3. Results and Discussion
3.1 Mesh Size
The FDS User Guide [10] recommends using mesh divisions in the y and zdirections that are in the form of 2l3m5n because the calculation uses a Poisson solver
based on Fast Fournier Transforms in these directions. Numbers conforming to this
formula have been used to optimize the calculation time. The mesh size defined in the
FDS input file was 72 by 81 by 24. This corresponds to 139,968 individual cubes that
were analyzed by the FDS code. The actual dimensions of the main control room are
21.57m by 24.41m by 6.4m. This corresponds to a cube size of 0.3 meters in the x, y,
and z-direction. A typical run time is approximately seven (7) hours for a simulation
time of 1800 seconds or thirty minutes.
An action was taken to run the simulation using different grid sizes. Attempts have
been made to run mesh at a size of 0.1m x 0.1m x 0.1m; however a memory allocation
error occurred. The small mesh defined in the input file is 144 by 162 by 45 for a cube
size of 0.15m x 0.15m x 0.15m. This equates to 1,049,760 cubes and approximately 80
hours of computing time. In comparing the small mesh with the actual mesh a small
difference is observed. The results for the actual mesh are 8-10% conservative over the
fine mesh.
At the end of the simulation the average difference between ending
temperatures is 7.8°C. These results are sufficient for this analysis.
The last grid size tested was a large mesh which divided the area into a 24 by 30 by
8 mesh. The computing time for this mesh is about five minutes. Cube sizes were about
1m3. A large grid is not recommended for FDS. Although the run time is convenient the
results are very conservative. At the end of the simulation the temperature recorder #3
for the fine mesh had a temperature of 72.1°C whereas the same temperature recorder for
the large mesh had a temperature of 121.7°C. This poses a 49.6°C difference. Because
of the severe over conservatisms a large mesh is not recommended to obtain realistic
results. A comparison of the data obtained in each test run is placed in Figure 4 to view
the difference in temperature over the course of the simulation to understand how grid
size affects the results. The large grid is represented with blue lines, the actual mesh in
red/brown and the fine mesh in greens.
21
Figure 4: Comparison of FDS Mesh Sizes
22
3.2 Results
The FDS runs are broken up into two different cases; a case with no forced
ventilation and a case modeling the ventilation scheme of the main control room. For
the non-ventilated case the FDS simulation has been run fourteen times each at a
different heat release rate. The heat release rates evaluated in this analysis range from
100kW (a fireplace fire) to 2000kW.
The ventilated cases were built considering
location of ductwork (both supply and return) and velocity of air through the ductwork.
Since the ventilation cases have the potential to remove smoke particulates out of the
control room, longer time to abandonment is hypothesized. An assumption was made if
the heat release rate for a non-ventilated run did not cause abandonment, that it would
not cause abandonment for the ventilated case. Since no abandonment was required in
the non-ventilated cases under 400kW, the ventilated runs started at a heat release rate of
500kW. If the ventilated cases signaled a quicker abandonment time, the input file
would be scrutinized and the lower heat release rates would be evaluated. Figures 5 and
6 show temperature vs. time graph for each heat release rate considered. Figure 5
graphically presents the non-ventilated cases and likewise Figure 6 graphically presents
the results for the ventilated cases. The red line in each figure represents the failure
threshold. The FDS simulations haven been run for 1800 seconds and a t-squared heat
release rate is used to ramp up the heat release rate from time=0 to the specified heat
release rate in 684 seconds. After 684 seconds the heat release rate is constant for the
duration of the run.
23
Figure 5: Temperature Profile for FDS Runs (Non-Ventilated)
24
Figure 6: Temperature Profile for FDS Runs (Ventilated)
25
Table 3 provides a summary of the non-ventilated FDS runs. Table 4 provides a
summary of the ventilated FDS runs. Each table has the failure time in minutes for each
parameter (temperature, optical density or heat flux) if the case exceeded the failure
parameters set forth in Section 2.2. The reference point for the fastest parameter to fail
is starred for input into the NSP calculation.
FDS
HRR
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1200
1500
1700
2000
Temperature
Failure Time
(seconds)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1677.66
1249.25
1002.65
851.44
779.45
689.45
633.62
599.42
559.81
Ref.
Point
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
T4
T6
T6
T6
T6
T4
T4
T6
T4
Optical
Density
Failure Time
(seconds)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1645.22
1312.25
1378.82
1072.81
779.45
712.83
Ref.
Point
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
O3
O3
O3
O3
O3
O3
Heat Flux
Failure Time
(seconds)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1117.81
801.02
705.65
657.07
622.86
594.07
549.03
491.43
473.45
433.86
Ref.
Point
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
H1*
H1*
H1*
H1*
H1*
H1*
H1*
H1*
H1*
H1*
*Fastest Time to Damage
Table 3: Non-Ventilated Summary of Failure Parameters
FDS
HRR
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1200
1500
1700
2000
Temperature
Failure Time
(seconds)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1584.03
1015.21
801.07
696.6
662.42
615.63
Ref.
Point
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
T6
T4
T4
T4
T4
T4
Optical
Density
Failure Time
(seconds)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1074.63
Ref.
Point
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
O3
Heat Flux
Failure Time
(seconds)
N/A
1227.66
817.25
687.66
656.86
626.48
579.72
518.51
489.63
455.54
*Fastest Time to Damage
Table 4: Ventilated Summary of Failure Parameters
26
Ref.
Point
N/A
H1*
H1*
H1*
H1*
H1*
H1*
H1*
H1*
H1*
For the non-ventilated cases, abandonment is recommended at fire sizes at or
over 500kW due to the failure of the heat flux parameter. The heat flux was the fastest
parameter to fail, followed by temperature and optical density. It is probable that heat
flux parameter failed first due to the close proximity of the heat flux sensors to the fire.
A 98th percentile heat release rate for a main control board is 702 kW per NUREG/CR6850 [2]. Thus most of the fires will not require abandonment, however a fire between
500kW and 700kW could require abandonment from the main control room if the fire
could not be suppressed or contained.
Generally speaking the ventilated cases performed better than the non-ventilated
cases as the ductwork could expel some of the smoke generated from the fire.
Abandonment was not required for the 500kW ventilated case, as it was for the nonventilated case. If 98% of all control room fires are 702 kW or lower, the fires between
600kW and 700kW are sensitive to abandonment if the fire was not suppressed or
contained within the thirty minutes.
3.3 Main Control Board Abandonment Frequency
The non-suppression probability, severity factor and frequency of abandonment
are calculated in Table 5 and Table 6 for the non-ventilated and ventilation cases
respectively. As discussed in Section 2.2 the main control board frequency is 2.5E-03
and the CCDP is 0.10. The remaining calculation to obtain the core damage frequency is
calculated below each table.
Main Control Board Frequency of Abandonment [Non-Ventilated]
Case #
HRR
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
50
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
FDS Time to
Abandonment
18.6
13.4
11.8
11
10.4
PNS
SF
FA
No Forced Control Room Abandonment
No Forced Control Room Abandonment
No Forced Control Room Abandonment
No Forced Control Room Abandonment
No Forced Control Room Abandonment
2.16E-03
3.61E-02
7.79E-05
1.20E-02
2.14E-02
2.57E-04
2.04E-02
1.28E-02
2.60E-04
2.65E-02
7.70E-03
2.04E-04
3.23E-02
4.67E-03
1.51E-04
27
11
12
13
14
15
1000
1200
1500
1700
2000
9.9
9.2
8.2
7.9
7.2
3.81E-02
4.80E-02
6.68E-02
7.38E-02
9.29E-02
2.84E-03
2.80E-03
1.30E-03
2.47E-04
1.17E-04
1.08E-04
1.34E-04
8.69E-05
1.82E-05
1.08E-05
Table 5: Main Control Board Frequency of Abandonment (Non-Ventilated)
The summation of the frequency of abandonment is 1.31E-03.
The MCB Ignition Frequency is 2.5E-03.
The CCDP upon abandoning the control room is 0.1
The Abandonment MCB CDF Contribution is (Non-Ventilated):
1.31E-03 * 2.5E-03 * 0.1 = 3.27E-07
Abandonment MCB CDF is 3.27E-07 (Non-Ventilated)
Main Control Board Frequency on Abandonment [Ventilation On]
FDS Time to
Case
HRR
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1200
1500
1700
2000
Abandonment
20.5
13.6
11.5
11.0
10.4
9.7
8.6
8.2
7.6
PNS
SF
FA
No Forced Control Room Abandonment
No Forced Control Room Abandonment
No Forced Control Room Abandonment
No Forced Control Room Abandonment
No Forced Control Room Abandonment
1.17E-03
2.14E-02
2.50E-05
1.12E-02
1.28E-02
1.43E-04
2.28E-02
7.70E-03
1.76E-04
2.70E-02
4.67E-03
1.26E-04
3.19E-02
2.84E-03
9.07E-05
4.13E-02
2.80E-03
1.15E-04
5.78E-02
1.30E-03
7.52E-05
6.77E-02
2.47E-04
1.67E-05
8.17E-02
1.17E-04
9.53E-06
Table 6: Main Control Board Frequency of Abandonment (Ventilation On)
The summation of the frequency of abandonment is 7.77E-04.
The MCB Ignition Frequency is 2.5E-03.
The CCDP upon abandoning the control room is 0.1
The Abandonment MCB CDF Contribution is (Non-Ventilated):
7.77E-04 * 2.5E-03 * 0.1 = 1.94E-07
Abandonment MCB CDF is 1.94-07 (Non-Ventilated)
28
4. Conclusion
FDS is a great software tool to postulate fires and obtain a reasonable estimate of
the damage incurred by the fire as well as habitability conditions. FDS does have its
limitations, for example the program cannot evaluate the effects of a gaseous
suppression system. Even though an engineering laptop was used to run this program,
the program took about seven hours to run at a medium sized mesh. Ideally a small
mesh of 10cm x 10cm x 10cm would be used for the calculations. Due to computing
time the actual mesh was roughly 0.3m x 0.3m x 0.3m. To test grid size a fine mesh ran
at cube sizes of 0.15m x 0.15m x 0.15m took approximately 80 hours.
This project evaluated two cases; ventilation off and ventilation on. The case
that did not consider ventilation considered natural circulation from passive vents
between the false ceilings. The ventilated model had incorporated supply and return
ducts with an airflow. In the future this project could be expanded to add in actual duct
work and place fire detection in the ductwork. Once this improvement is made, the
analyst can assume normal ventilation until the fire is detected in the ductwork, and upon
receipt of the fire detection signal FDS can stop the ventilation. This project assumed
that fire detection in ductwork would happen instantly, thus the current analysis is
slightly conservative. Another improvement would be to add a linear decay for the fire
growth profile.
Adding the ventilation helped the most in the 500kW fire size. The non-ventilated
case required abandonment at 18.6 minutes; however the ventilated case was over thirty
minutes. After thirty minutes, about 97% of fires are suppressed, thus it is likely that
abandonment conditions would never be reached. The CDF associated with leaving the
main control room after a fire is 3.27E-07 for the non-vented case and 1.94-07 for the
ventilated case. These numbers are extremely low, which is comforting from an
operational standpoint. The abandonment numbers end up being so low because the
probability of prompt suppression and detection is very high. The control room is
constantly occupied, has redundant types of fire detection and fire suppression, as well
as highly trained personnel.
29
5. References
1. 10 CFR Appendix 5 to Part 50- Fire Protection Program for Nuclear Power Facilities
Operating
Prior
to
January
1,
1979.
Found
online
at:
http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/cfr/part050/part050-appr.html
2. NUREG/CR-6850 (EPRI TR-1011989), EPRI/NRC–RES Fire PRA Methodology for
Nuclear Power Facilities, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, and
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research,
Rockville, MD: September 2005.
3. “SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering”. 3rd Edition, 2002, Society of
Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE) and National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA).
4. “NFPA Fire Protection Handbook”. 19th Edition, 2003, National Fire Protection
Association, Quincy, MA.
5. NUREG-1805, “Fire Dynamics Tools (FDTs): Quantitative Fire Hazard Analysis
Methods for the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Fire Protection Inspection
Program”. December, 2004. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of
Nuclear Reactor Regulation, Washington, DC.
6. FDS-SMV Official Website. Found at: http://www.fire.nist.gov/fds/. Last Updated
September 14, 2009.
7. Luther, W., Muller, W.C., FDS simulation of the fuel fireball from a hypothetical
commercial airliner crash on a generic nuclear power plant, Nuclear
Engineering and Design, Issue 239 (2009) Pages 2056-2069.
8. Lin, C., Ferng, Y., & Pei, B., Development of CFD fire models for deterministic
analyses of the cable issues in the nuclear power plant, Nuclear Engineering and
Design, Issue 239(2009) Pages 338-345.
9. Code Consultants, Inc., An analysis to establish a nightclub sprinkler threshold,
April 9, 2003.
10. McGrattan, K., Hostikka, S., Floyd, J., Klein, B., Fire Dynamics Simulator (Version
5) User’s Guide, NIST Special Publication 1019-5. April 8, 2009.
11. McGrattan, K., Hostikka, S., Floyd, J., et all. Fire Dynamics Simulator (Version 5)
Technical Reference Guide Volume 1: Mathematical Model, NIST Special
Publication 1018-5. April 8, 2009.
12. Forney, G., Smokeview (Version 5)- A tool for Visualizing Fire Dynamics Simulation
Data Volume 1: User’s Guide, NIST Special Publication 1017-5, July 2008.
13. Davis, John G., NRC: Bulletin 75-04A: Cable Fire at Browns Ferry Nuclear Power
Station. April 3, 1975. Found electronically at: http://www.nrc.gov/readingrm/doc-collections/gen-comm/bulletins/1975/bl75004a.html
30
14. NRC Glossary: -- Core Damage Frequency Found electronically at
http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/core-damage-frequency.html
31
Appendix A – FDS Model Non-Ventilated
&HEAD CHID='Control_Room', TITLE='FCS Main Control Room' /
ASSUMPTIONS:
VENTILATION FOR CONTROL ROOM IS OFF
TOP LOFT HAS NOT BEEN MODELED AND THIS IS CONSIDERED CONSERVATIVE.
&MESH IJK=72,81,24 XB=0.0,21.565,0.0,24.413,0.0,6.4008 /
&TIME T_END=1800.0 /
Based on 6850 Appendix P, Detection and Suppression Analysis.
@ T=30 minutes 97% of all Electrical Fires are suppressed. This is a conservative time considering that the control
room is continously occupied.
&MISC SURF_DEFAULT='CONCRETE' /
&SURF ID='BURNER', HRRPUA=1200.0, COLOR ='FIREBRICK 2',TAU_Q= -684.0 /
&RAMP ID='HRR', T=684.00, F=1.0 /
&VENT XB= 13.75, 14.75, 17.50, 18.50, 1.25, 1.25, SURF_ID='BURNER' / MCR IGNITION SOURCE
&OBST XB= 13.75, 14.75, 17.50, 18.50, 0, 1.25 /
&MATL ID
= 'CONCRETE'
FYI
= 'CONCRETE WALL PROPERTIES'
CONDUCTIVITY = 1.0
SPECIFIC_HEAT = 0.88
DENSITY
= 2100. /
&SURF ID
= 'CONCRETE'
MATL_ID
= 'CONCRETE'
COLOR
= 'WHEAT 4'
BACKING
= 'EXPOSED'
THICKNESS
= 0.001 /
&MATL ID
= 'ACOUSTIC CEILING TILE'
FYI
= 'DROP CEILING'
CONDUCTIVITY = 0.25
SPECIFIC_HEAT = 0.90
DENSITY
= 1050. /
&SURF ID
= 'CEILING TILE'
MATL_ID
= 'ACOUSTIC CEILING TILE'
COLOR
= 'INVISIBLE'
BACKING
= 'EXPOSED'
THICKNESS
= 0.016 /
&MATL ID
= 'GYPSUM BOARD'
CONDUCTIVITY = 0.16
SPECIFIC_HEAT = 0.90
DENSITY
= 790. /
&SURF ID
= 'GYPSUM BOARD'
MATL_ID
= 'GYPSUM BOARD'
COLOR
= 'BEIGE'
BACKING
= 'EXPOSED'
THICKNESS
= 0.015 /
&MATL ID
= 'GYPSUM CEILING'
CONDUCTIVITY = 0.16
32
SPECIFIC_HEAT = 0.90
DENSITY
= 790. /
&SURF ID
= 'GYPSUM CEILING'
MATL_ID
= 'GYPSUM CEILING'
COLOR
= 'INVISIBLE'
BACKING
= 'EXPOSED'
THICKNESS
= 0.015 /
&MATL ID
= 'HUMAN'
CONDUCTIVITY = 0.033
SPECIFIC_HEAT = 3.47
DENSITY
= 1000. /
&SURF ID
= 'HUMAN'
MATL_ID
= 'HUMAN'
BACKING
= 'EXPOSED'
THICKNESS
= 0.0254 /
OBSTRUCTIONS FOR WALL GEOMETRY
&OBST XB= 0.609, 3.89, 8.31, 22.123, 3.048, 3.063, SURF_ID='CEILING TILE'
OF HORSESHOE - 10 FT
&OBST XB= 0.609, 13.07, 15.87, 17.14, 3.048, 3.063, SURF_ID='CEILING TILE'
OF HORSESHOE - 10 FT
&OBST XB= 0.609, 14.42, 17.14, 20.88, 3.048, 3.063, SURF_ID='CEILING TILE'
OF HORSESHOE - 10 FT
&OBST XB= 0.609, 17.25, 20.88, 22.123, 3.048, 3.063, SURF_ID='CEILING TILE'
OF HORSESHOE - 10 FT
/ ACOUSTIC TILE INFRONT
/ ACOUSTIC TILE INFRONT
/ ACOUSTIC TILE INFRONT
/ ACOUSTIC TILE INFRONT
&OBST XB= 2.74, 17.25, 22.122, 22.13, 2.760, 3.050, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / BACK PANEL 9' TO 10'
GAP
&OBST XB= 3.88, 3.91, 8.31, 15.87, 2.760, 3.050, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / HORSESHOE 1 9' TO 10'
GAP
&OBST XB= 3.88, 13.08, 15.85, 15.95, 2.760, 3.050, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / HORSESHOE 2 9' TO 10'
GAP
&OBST XB= 13.06, 13.08, 15.84, 17.10, 2.760, 3.050, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / HORSESHOE 2 9' TO 10'
GAP
&OBST XB= 13.06, 14.45, 17.08, 17.16, 2.760, 3.050, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / HORSESHOE 2 9' TO 10'
GAP
&OBST XB= 14.40, 14.45, 17.08, 20.89, 2.760, 3.050, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / HORSESHOE 2 9' TO 10'
GAP
&OBST XB= 14.40, 17.26, 20.85, 20.90, 2.760, 3.050, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / HORSESHOE 2 9' TO 10'
GAP
&OBST XB= 17.24, 17.26, 20.85, 22.124, 2.760, 3.050, SURF_ID='CEILING TILE' / HORSESHOE 2 9' TO 10'
GAP
&OBST XB= 2.74, 17.25, 22.123, 24.413, 2.743, 2.759, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / GYPSUM BOARD
[BACK PANELS] - 9FT
&OBST XB= 14.42, 17.25, 17.14, 20.88, 2.743, 2.759, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / GYPSUM BOARD AT
CONTROL ROOM PANEL AND BACK - 9FT
&OBST XB= 13.07, 17.25, 15.87, 17.14, 2.743, 2.759, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / GYPSUM BOARD AT
CONTROL ROOM PANEL AND BACK - 9FT
&OBST XB= 3.89, 17.25, 8.31, 15.87, 2.743, 2.759, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / GYPSUM BOARD AT
CONTROL ROOM PANEL AND BACK - 9FT
&HOLE XB= 12.27, 12.87, 22.81, 23.57, 2.743, 2.759 / VENT #1 MARKED UP 11405-M-94
&HOLE XB= 10.44, 11.04, 9.40, 10.16, 2.743, 2.759 / VENT #4 MARKED UP 11405-M-94
&OBST XB= 17.25, 21.185, 8.31, 23.956, 2.743, 2.759, SURF_ID='CEILING TILE' / ACOUSTIC TILE CEILING
(RIGHT OF CONTROL BOARD) - 9FT
&OBST XB= 0.00, 0.610, 0.00, 24.413, 0.00, 5.8826 / North Wall 2 feet - CONCRETE
&OBST XB= 21.184, 21.565, 0.00, 24.413, 0.00, 5.8826 / South Wall 1.25 ft - CONCRETE
33
&OBST XB= 0.00, 21.565, 0.00, 0.457, 0.00, 5.8826 / West Wall 1.5 ft - CONCRETE
&OBST XB= 0.00, 21.565, 23.956, 24.413, 0.00, 5.8826 / East Wall 1.5 ft - CONCRETE
&OBST XB= 0.00, 2.74, 22.123, 24.613, 0.00, 5.8826 / NE Corner Observation Room
&OBST XB= 18.925, 21.565, 16.886, 17.013, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / Shift Supervisors Office
- West Wall
&OBST XB= 18.925, 19.052, 16.886, 20.92, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / Shift Supervisors Office North Wall
&OBST XB= 19.457, 21.565, 22.323, 22.45, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / Shift Supervisors Office East Wall
&HOLE XB= 19.86, 20.778, 22.323, 22.45, 0.00, 2.438 / Shift Supervisors Office - East Wall-DOOR OPENING
&OBST XB= 18.93, 19.00, 20.92, 21.07, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / SAWTOOTH at 10 for Shift
Supervisors Office
&OBST XB= 19.00, 19.05, 21.07, 21.23, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / SAWTOOTH at 10 for Shift
Supervisors Office
&OBST XB= 19.05, 19.10, 21.23, 21.38, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / SAWTOOTH at 10 for Shift
Supervisors Office
&OBST XB= 19.10, 19.15, 21.38, 21.53, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / SAWTOOTH at 10 for Shift
Supervisors Office
&OBST XB= 19.15, 19.20, 21.53, 21.69, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / SAWTOOTH at 10 for Shift
Supervisors Office
&OBST XB= 19.20, 19.25, 21.69, 21.84, 0.00,2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / SAWTOOTH at 10 for Shift
Supervisors Office
&OBST XB= 19.25, 19.30, 21.84, 21.99, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / SAWTOOTH at 10 for Shift
Supervisors Office
&OBST XB= 19.30, 19.35, 21.99, 22.14, 0.00,2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / SAWTOOTH at 10 for Shift
Supervisors Office
&OBST XB= 19.35, 19.40, 22.14, 22.30, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / SAWTOOTH at 10 for Shift
Supervisors Office
&OBST XB= 19.40, 19.457, 22.30, 22.45, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / SAWTOOTH at 10 for Shift
Supervisors Office
OBST XB= 20.265, 21.184, 8.11, 8.31, 0.00, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / Lunch Room Area Corner to
Back Panels [1]
&OBST XB= 0, 12.75, 8.11, 8.31, 0.00, 5.8826 / Lunch Room Area to Back Panels [2.1]
&OBST XB= 12.75, 16.375, 8.11, 8.31, 0.00, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / Lunch Room Area to Back
Panels [2.2]
&OBST XB= 16.374, 21.184, 8.11, 8.31, 2.286, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / Lunch Room Area to Back
Panels [2.2]
OBST XB= 21.05, 21.565, 4.15, 8.55, 0.00, 5.8826 / South Wall Lunch Room Area
&OBST XB= 14.865, 21.184, 4.15, 4.28, 0.00, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD', / WEST LUNCH WALL [D]
&OBST XB= 14.865, 14.995, 3.63, 4.15, 0.00, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD', / WEST LUNCH WALL [E]
&OBST XB= 9.215, 14.865, 3.63, 3.76, 0.00, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD', / WEST LUNCH WALL [F]
&OBST XB= 9.215, 12.57, 3.63, 3.76, 0.00, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD', / WEST LUNCH TALL WALL
[F.1]
&OBST XB= 0, 8.29, 8.11, 8.31, 0.00, 5.8826 / COMPUTER ROOM WALL - CONCRETE
&HOLE XB= 0.613, 1.39, 8.11, 8.31, 0.00, 2.74 / COMPUTER ROOM OPENING
&OBST XB= 8.11, 8.31, 0, 8.31, 0.00, 5.8826 / COMPUTER ROOM WALL - CONCRETE
&HOLE XB= 8.11, 8.31, 1.036, 1.816, 0.00, 2.286 / COMPUTER ROOM OPENING
&OBST XB= 0.613, 8.291, 0, 8.11, 2.743, 2.759, SURF_ID='CEILING TILE' / COMPUTER ROOM CEILING
&HOLE XB= 5.22, 5.82, 7.05, 7.65, 2.743, 2.759 / VENT #5 ON MARKED UP DRAWING 11405-M-94
&OBST XB= 18.20, 21.184, 4.15, 4.28, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / TOILET WALL / LUNCH
ROOM AREA
&OBST XB= 18.46, 18.97, 4.15, 6.65, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / NORTH TOILET WALL [C]
&OBST XB= 18.46, 21.184, 4.15, 4.99, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / TOILET ROOM BLOCK [G]
&OBST XB= 18.46, 21.184, 6.52, 6.65, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / TOILET ROOM WALL [H]
34
&OBST XB= 9.09, 9.22, 3.05, 3.63, 0.00, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD', / WEST LUNCH WALL [I]
&OBST XB= 8.31, 9.09, 2.98, 3.11, 0.00, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD', / WEST LUNCH WALL [J]
&OBST XB= 12.44, 12.64, 5.06, 8.31, 0.00, 5.8826 / ELEVATOR STAIR HALL - CONCRETE [X]
&OBST XB= 12.44, 12.57, 3.63, 5.06, 0.00, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / ELEVATOR STAIR HALL
[X]
&OBST XB= 12.57, 14.13, 4.93, 5.06, 0.00, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / TOP WALL AIRLOCK 2
HOLE XB= 12.90, 13.205, 5.32, 5.777, 2.7273, 2.7432 / VENTILATION DUCT MAY NEED TO BE RELOCATED
&OBST XB= 14.00, 14.13, 3.63, 4.98, 0.00, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / RIGHT AIRLOCK 2
&OBST XB= 13.61, 14.13, 4.75, 5.06, 0.00, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / AIRLOCK 2 COLUMN
POST
&OBST XB= 13.64, 13.77, 5.06, 6.87, 0.00, 5.003, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / EAST-WEST STAIRWAY
WALL
&OBST XB= 13.64, 14.74, 7.11, 6.98, 0.00, 5.003, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / NORTH-SOUTH STAIRWAY
WALL
&OBST XB= 13.64, 14.00, 6.56, 6.98, 0.00, 5.003, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / STAIRWAY COLUMN POST
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 7.074, 8.11, 3.578, 3.628, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / STAIRWAY LANDING
CEILING - GYPSUM BOARD
&OBST XB= 14.63, 14.74, 7.074,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD - BEGIN
&OBST XB= 14.52, 14.63, 7.074,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 14.41, 14.52, 7.074,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 14.30, 14.41, 7.074,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 14.19, 14.30, 7.074,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 14.08, 14.19, 7.074,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 13.97, 14.08, 7.074,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 13.86, 13.97, 7.074,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 13.75, 13.86, 7.074,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 13.64, 13.75, 7.074,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD - END
8.11, 2.311, 2.438, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / BOTTOM STAIRWAY 8.11, 2.438, 2.564, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / BOTTOM STAIRWAY 8.11, 2.564, 2.691, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / BOTTOM STAIRWAY 8.11, 2.691, 2.818, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / BOTTOM STAIRWAY 8.11, 2.818, 2.945, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / BOTTOM STAIRWAY 8.11, 2.945, 3.071, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / BOTTOM STAIRWAY 8.11, 3.071, 3.198, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / BOTTOM STAIRWAY 8.11, 3.198, 3.325, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / BOTTOM STAIRWAY 8.11, 3.325, 3.451, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / BOTTOM STAIRWAY 8.11, 3.451, 3.578, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / BOTTOM STAIRWAY -
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 6.941, 7.074, 3.578, 3.673, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD - BEGIN
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 6.808, 6.941, 3.673, 3.768, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 6.675, 6.808, 3.768, 3.863, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 6.542, 6.675, 3.863, 3.958, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 6.409, 6.542, 3.958, 4.053, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 6.276, 6.409, 4.053, 4.148, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 6.143, 6.276, 4.148, 4.243, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 6.01, 6.143, 4.243, 4.338, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 5.877, 6.01, 4.338, 4.433, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
35
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 5.744, 5.877, 4.433, 4.528, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 5.611, 5.744, 4.528, 4.623, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 5.478, 5.611, 4.623, 4.718, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 5.345, 5.478, 4.718, 4.813, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 5.212, 5.345, 4.813, 4.908, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 5.05, 5.212, 4.908, 5.003, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD -END
&HOLE XB= 12.90, 13.205, 5.05, 5.50, 4.800, 5.003 /
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
&OBST XB= 18.925, 21.565, 16.886, 20.92, 2.591, 2.616, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / SHIFT
SUPERVISORS CEILING - SUSPENDED ACOUSTICAL TILE CEILING 8.5FT
&OBST XB= 18.93, 21.565, 20.92, 21.07, 2.591, 2.616, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / SHIFT SUPERVISORS
CEILING - SUSPENDED ACOUSTICAL TILE CEILING 8.5FT
&OBST XB= 19.00, 21.565, 21.07, 21.23, 2.591, 2.616, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / SHIFT SUPERVISORS
CEILING - SUSPENDED ACOUSTICAL TILE CEILING 8.5FT
&OBST XB= 19.05, 21.565, 21.23, 21.38, 2.591, 2.616, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / SHIFT SUPERVISORS
CEILING - SUSPENDED ACOUSTICAL TILE CEILING 8.5FT
&OBST XB= 19.10, 21.565, 21.38, 21.53, 2.591, 2.616, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / SHIFT SUPERVISORS
CEILING - SUSPENDED ACOUSTICAL TILE CEILING 8.5FT
&OBST XB= 19.15, 21.565, 21.53, 21.69, 2.591, 2.616, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / SHIFT SUPERVISORS
CEILING - SUSPENDED ACOUSTICAL TILE CEILING 8.5FT
&OBST XB= 19.20, 21.565, 21.69, 21.84, 2.591, 2.616, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / SHIFT SUPERVISORS
CEILING - SUSPENDED ACOUSTICAL TILE CEILING 8.5FT
&OBST XB= 19.25, 21.565, 21.84, 21.99, 2.591, 2.616, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING'/ SHIFT SUPERVISORS
CEILING - SUSPENDED ACOUSTICAL TILE CEILING 8.5FT
&OBST XB= 19.30, 21.565, 21.99, 22.14, 2.591, 2.616, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / SHIFT SUPERVISORS
CEILING - SUSPENDED ACOUSTICAL TILE CEILING 8.5FT
&OBST XB= 19.35, 21.565, 22.14, 22.30, 2.591, 2.616, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / SHIFT SUPERVISORS
CEILING - SUSPENDED ACOUSTICAL TILE CEILING 8.5FT
&OBST XB= 19.40, 21.565, 22.30, 22.45, 2.591, 2.616, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / SHIFT SUPERVISORS
CEILING - SUSPENDED ACOUSTICAL TILE CEILING 8.5FT
&OBST XB= 18.97, 21.184, 4.28, 6.52, 2.286, 2.311, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / TOILET ROOM GYPSUM WALLBOARD CEILING 7.5FT
OBST XB= 8.29, 21.184, 0.610, 2.98, 5.88, 5.8826, SURF_ID='CONCRETE' / MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
ROOM - TILL TOP OF BOUNDARY
OBST XB= 9.215, 21.184, 2.99, 3.76, 5.88, 5.8826, SURF_ID='CONCRETE' / MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
ROOM - TILL TOP OF BOUNDARY
OBST XB= 14.865, 21.184, 3.76, 4.15, 5.88, 5.8826, SURF_ID='CONCRETE' / MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
ROOM - TILL TOP OF BOUNDARY
&OBST XB= 14.13, 14.865, 3.76, 5.06, 2.286,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD CEILING 7.5FT
&OBST XB= 14.13, 21.184, 4.15, 5.06, 2.286,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD CEILING 7.5FT
&OBST XB= 13.64, 21.184, 5.06, 6.56, 2.286,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD CEILING 7.5FT
&OBST XB= 13.64, 21.184, 6.56, 6.98, 2.286,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD CEILING 7.5FT
&OBST XB= 14.74, 21.184, 6.98, 7.11, 2.286,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD CEILING 7.5FT
&OBST XB= 14.74, 21.184, 7.11, 8.11, 2.286,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD CEILING 7.5FT
2.311, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / LUNCH ROOM AREA 2.311, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / LUNCH ROOM AREA 2.311, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / LUNCH ROOM AREA 2.311, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / LUNCH ROOM AREA 2.311, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / LUNCH ROOM AREA 2.311, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / LUNCH ROOM AREA -
&VENT MB='YMIN',SURF_ID='OPEN' /
36
Properties to Capture:
1.) Heat Flux above 6' (1.8288m) greater than 1kW/m^2 (smoke layer at 95°C)
2.) Smoke layer below 6'(1.8288m) from floor, or optical density less than 0.3m.
&BNDF QUANTITY='GAUGE HEAT FLUX' /
&BNDF QUANTITY='WALL TEMPERATURE' /
&BNDF QUANTITY='BURNING RATE' /
&SLCF PBY=9.50, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&SLCF PBY=18.00, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&SLCF PBY=16.00, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&SLCF PBY=10.00, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&SLCF PBX=14.00, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&SLCF PBX=12.00, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&SLCF PBX=10.00, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&SLCF PBX=4.00, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&SLCF PBZ=1.8288, QUANTITY='OPTICAL DENSITY' /
&SLCF PBZ=2.743, QUANTITY='OPTICAL DENSITY' /
&SLCF PBZ=3.66, QUANTITY='OPTICAL DENSITY' /
&ISOF QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE', VALUE(1)=30.0, VALUE(2)=300.0
&ISOF QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE', VALUE(1)=90.0
&OBST XB= 11.59, 12.04, 20.32, 20.80, 0.00, 1.83, COLOR = 'ORANGE', SURF_ID='HUMAN' / BLOCK
PERSON #1
&DEVC ID='TEMP 1', XYZ=11.59, 20.80 1.8288, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&DEVC ID='OPTICAL DENSITY 1', XYZ=11.69, 20.78, 1.83, ORIENTATION= 0,0,-1, QUANTITY='OPTICAL
DENSITY' /
&DEVC ID='HEAT FLUX 1', XYZ=11.79, 20.70, 1.83, IOR=3, QUANTITY='GAUGE_HEAT_FLUX' /
&OBST XB= 10.17, 10.62, 18.63, 19.08, 0.00, 1.83, COLOR = 'TOMATO', SURF_ID='HUMAN'/ BLOCK
PERSON #2
&DEVC ID='TEMP 2', XYZ=10.17, 19.08, 1.8288, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&DEVC ID='OPTICAL DENSITY 2', XYZ=10.17, 19.08,
1.8288, ORIENTATION= 0,0,-1,
QUANTITY='OPTICAL DENSITY' /
&DEVC ID='HEAT FLUX 2', XYZ=10.27, 18.73, 1.83, IOR=3, QUANTITY='GAUGE_HEAT_FLUX' /
&OBST XB= 6.61, 7.06, 17.10, 17.56, 0.00, 1.83, COLOR = 'STEEL BLUE', SURF_ID='HUMAN' / BLOCK
PERSON #3
&DEVC ID='TEMP 3', XYZ=6.61, 17.56, 1.8288, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&DEVC ID='OPTICAL DENSITY 3', XYZ=6.61, 17.56, 1.8288, ORIENTATION= 0,0,-1, QUANTITY='OPTICAL
DENSITY' /
&DEVC ID='HEAT FLUX 3', XYZ=6.75, 17.25, 1.83, IOR=3, QUANTITY='GAUGE_HEAT_FLUX' /
&OBST XB= 6.02, 6.47, 19.91, 20.36, 0.00, 1.83, COLOR = 'FOREST GREEN', SURF_ID='HUMAN' / BLOCK
PERSON #4
&DEVC ID='TEMP 4', XYZ=6.02, 20.36, 1.8288, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&DEVC ID='OPTICAL DENSITY 4', XYZ=6.02, 20.36, 1.8288, ORIENTATION= 0,0,-1, QUANTITY='OPTICAL
DENSITY' /
&DEVC ID='HEAT FLUX 4', XYZ=6.02, 20.36, 1.83, IOR=3, QUANTITY='GAUGE_HEAT_FLUX' /
&OBST XB= 9.55, 9.99, 22.05, 22.55, 0.00, 1.83, COLOR = 'DEEP PINK 3', SURF_ID='HUMAN' / BLOCK
PERSON #5
&DEVC ID='TEMP 5', XYZ=9.55, 22.55, 1.8288, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&DEVC ID='OPTICAL DENSITY 5', XYZ=9.55, 22.55, 1.8288, ORIENTATION= 0,0,-1, QUANTITY='OPTICAL
DENSITY' /
&DEVC ID='HEAT FLUX 5', XYZ=9.76, 22.40, 1.83, IOR=3, QUANTITY='GAUGE_HEAT_FLUX' /
37
&OBST XB= 9.41, 9.86, 19.91, 20.36, 0.00, 1.83, COLOR = 'TAN 2' /, SURF_ID='HUMAN' BLOCK PERSON #6
&DEVC ID='TEMP 6', XYZ=9.41, 20.36, 1.8288, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&DEVC ID='OPTICAL DENSITY 6', XYZ=9.41, 20.36, 1.8288, ORIENTATION= 0,0,-1, QUANTITY='OPTICAL
DENSITY' /
&DEVC ID='HEAT FLUX 6', XYZ=9.80, 20.15, 1.83, IOR=3, QUANTITY='GAUGE_HEAT_FLUX' /
DEVC ID='GAS HEAT FLUX 6', XYZ=9.41, 20.36, 1.83, QUANTITY='RADIATIVE_FLUX_GAS' /
&DEVC ID='REF TEMP 1', XYZ=3.89, 15.99, 1.8288, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&DEVC ID='REF TEMP 2', XYZ=14.42, 21.00, 1.8288, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&DEVC ID='REF TEMP 3', XYZ=13.10, 18.00, 1.8288, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&DEVC ID='REF OPTICAL DENSITY 1', XYZ=3.89, 15.99,
QUANTITY='OPTICAL DENSITY' /
&DEVC ID='REF OPTICAL DENSITY 2', XYZ=14.42, 21.00,
QUANTITY='OPTICAL DENSITY' /
&DEVC ID='REF OPTICAL DENSITY 3', XYZ=13.10, 18.00,
QUANTITY='OPTICAL DENSITY'/
1.8288,
ORIENTATION=
0,0,-1,
1.8288,
ORIENTATION=
0,0,-1,
1.8288,
ORIENTATION=
0,0,-1,
&DEVC ID='REF HEAT FLUX 1', XYZ=3.89, 15.99, 1.8288, QUANTITY='RADIATIVE_FLUX_GAS' /
&DEVC ID='REF HEAT FLUX 2', XYZ=14.42, 21.00, 1.8288, QUANTITY='RADIATIVE_FLUX_GAS' /
&DEVC ID='REF HEAT FLUX 3', XYZ=13.10, 18.00, 1.8288, QUANTITY='RADIATIVE_FLUX_GAS' /
&DUMP PLOT3D_QUANTITY(1:5)='TEMPERATURE', 'U-VELOCITY', 'V-VELOCITY',
'HRRPUV' /
&TAIL /
38
'W-VELOCITY',
Appendix B – FDS Model Ventilated
&HEAD CHID='Control_Room', TITLE=' Main Control Room' /
&MESH IJK=40,45,15 XB=0.0,21.565,0.0,24.413,0.0,6.4008 /
&TIME T_END=1800.0 /
Based on 6850 Appendix P, Detection and Suppression Analysis.
@ T=30 minutes 97% of all Electrical Fires are suppressed. This is a conservative time considering that the control
room is continously occupied.
&MISC SURF_DEFAULT='CONCRETE' /
&SURF ID='BURNER', HRRPUA=1000.0, COLOR ='FIREBRICK 2',TAU_Q= -684.0 /
&RAMP ID='HRR', T=684.00, F=1.0 /
&VENT XB= 13.75, 14.75, 17.50, 18.50, 1.25, 1.25, SURF_ID='BURNER' / MCR IGNITION SOURCE
&OBST XB= 13.75, 14.75, 17.50, 18.50, 0, 1.25 /
&MATL ID
= 'CONCRETE'
FYI
= 'CONCRETE WALL PROPERTIES'
CONDUCTIVITY = 1.0
SPECIFIC_HEAT = 0.88
DENSITY
= 2100. /
&SURF ID
= 'CONCRETE'
MATL_ID
= 'CONCRETE'
COLOR
= 'WHEAT 4'
BACKING
= 'EXPOSED'
THICKNESS
= 0.001 /
&MATL ID
= 'ACOUSTIC CEILING TILE'
FYI
= 'DROP CEILING'
CONDUCTIVITY = 0.25
SPECIFIC_HEAT = 0.90
DENSITY
= 1050. /
&SURF ID
= 'CEILING TILE'
MATL_ID
= 'ACOUSTIC CEILING TILE'
COLOR
= 'INVISIBLE'
BACKING
= 'EXPOSED'
THICKNESS
= 0.016 /
&MATL ID
= 'GYPSUM BOARD'
CONDUCTIVITY = 0.16
SPECIFIC_HEAT = 0.90
DENSITY
= 790. /
&SURF ID
= 'GYPSUM BOARD'
MATL_ID
= 'GYPSUM BOARD'
COLOR
= 'BEIGE'
BACKING
= 'EXPOSED'
THICKNESS
= 0.015 /
&MATL ID
= 'GYPSUM CEILING'
CONDUCTIVITY = 0.16
SPECIFIC_HEAT = 0.90
DENSITY
= 790. /
39
&SURF ID
= 'GYPSUM CEILING'
MATL_ID
= 'GYPSUM CEILING'
COLOR
= 'INVISIBLE'
BACKING
= 'EXPOSED'
THICKNESS
= 0.015 /
&MATL ID
= 'HUMAN'
CONDUCTIVITY = 0.033
SPECIFIC_HEAT = 3.47
DENSITY
= 1000. /
&SURF ID
= 'HUMAN'
MATL_ID
= 'HUMAN'
BACKING
= 'EXPOSED'
THICKNESS
= 0.0254 /
OBSTRUCTIONS FOR WALL GEOMETRY
&OBST XB= 0.609, 3.89, 8.31, 22.123, 3.048, 3.063, SURF_ID='CEILING TILE'
OF HORSESHOE - 10 FT
&OBST XB= 0.609, 13.07, 15.87, 17.14, 3.048, 3.063, SURF_ID='CEILING TILE'
OF HORSESHOE - 10 FT
&OBST XB= 0.609, 14.42, 17.14, 20.88, 3.048, 3.063, SURF_ID='CEILING TILE'
OF HORSESHOE - 10 FT
&OBST XB= 0.609, 17.25, 20.88, 22.123, 3.048, 3.063, SURF_ID='CEILING TILE'
OF HORSESHOE - 10 FT
/ ACOUSTIC TILE INFRONT
/ ACOUSTIC TILE INFRONT
/ ACOUSTIC TILE INFRONT
/ ACOUSTIC TILE INFRONT
&OBST XB= 2.74, 17.25, 22.122, 22.13, 2.760, 3.050, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / BACK PANEL 9' TO 10'
GAP
&OBST XB= 3.88, 3.91, 8.31, 15.87, 2.760, 3.050, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / HORSESHOE 1 9' TO 10'
GAP
&OBST XB= 3.88, 13.08, 15.85, 15.95, 2.760, 3.050, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / HORSESHOE 2 9' TO 10'
GAP
&OBST XB= 13.06, 13.08, 15.84, 17.10, 2.760, 3.050, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / HORSESHOE 2 9' TO 10'
GAP
&OBST XB= 13.06, 14.45, 17.08, 17.16, 2.760, 3.050, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / HORSESHOE 2 9' TO 10'
GAP
&OBST XB= 14.40, 14.45, 17.08, 20.89, 2.760, 3.050, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / HORSESHOE 2 9' TO 10'
GAP
&OBST XB= 14.40, 17.26, 20.85, 20.90, 2.760, 3.050, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / HORSESHOE 2 9' TO 10'
GAP
&OBST XB= 17.24, 17.26, 20.85, 22.124, 2.760, 3.050, SURF_ID='CEILING TILE' / HORSESHOE 2 9' TO 10'
GAP
&OBST XB= 2.74, 17.25, 22.123, 24.413, 2.743, 2.759, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / GYPSUM BOARD
[BACK PANELS] - 9FT
&OBST XB= 14.42, 17.25, 17.14, 20.88, 2.743, 2.759, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / GYPSUM BOARD AT
CONTROL ROOM PANEL AND BACK - 9FT
&OBST XB= 13.07, 17.25, 15.87, 17.14, 2.743, 2.759, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / GYPSUM BOARD AT
CONTROL ROOM PANEL AND BACK - 9FT
&OBST XB= 3.89, 17.25, 8.31, 15.87, 2.743, 2.759, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / GYPSUM BOARD AT
CONTROL ROOM PANEL AND BACK - 9FT
&HOLE XB= 12.27, 12.87, 22.81, 23.57, 2.743, 2.759 / VENT #1 MARKED UP 11405-M-94
&HOLE XB= 10.44, 11.04, 9.40, 10.16, 2.743, 2.759 / VENT #4 MARKED UP 11405-M-94
&OBST XB= 17.25, 21.185, 8.31, 23.956, 2.743, 2.759, SURF_ID='CEILING TILE' / ACOUSTIC TILE CEILING
(RIGHT OF CONTROL BOARD) - 9FT
&OBST XB= 0.00, 0.610, 0.00, 24.413, 0.00, 5.8826 / North Wall 2 feet - CONCRETE
&OBST XB= 21.184, 21.565, 0.00, 24.413, 0.00, 5.8826 / South Wall 1.25 ft - CONCRETE
&OBST XB= 0.00, 21.565, 0.00, 0.457, 0.00, 5.8826 / West Wall 1.5 ft - CONCRETE
&OBST XB= 0.00, 21.565, 23.956, 24.413, 0.00, 5.8826 / East Wall 1.5 ft - CONCRETE
40
&OBST XB= 0.00, 2.74, 22.123, 24.613, 0.00, 5.8826 / NE Corner Observation Room
&OBST XB= 18.925, 21.565, 16.886, 17.013, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / Shift Supervisors Office
- West Wall
&OBST XB= 18.925, 19.052, 16.886, 20.92, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / Shift Supervisors Office North Wall
&OBST XB= 19.457, 21.565, 22.323, 22.45, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / Shift Supervisors Office East Wall
&HOLE XB= 19.86, 20.778, 22.323, 22.45, 0.00, 2.438 / Shift Supervisors Office - East Wall-DOOR OPENING
&OBST XB= 18.93, 19.00, 20.92, 21.07, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / SAWTOOTH at 10 for Shift
Supervisors Office
&OBST XB= 19.00, 19.05, 21.07, 21.23, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / SAWTOOTH at 10 for Shift
Supervisors Office
&OBST XB= 19.05, 19.10, 21.23, 21.38, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / SAWTOOTH at 10 for Shift
Supervisors Office
&OBST XB= 19.10, 19.15, 21.38, 21.53, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / SAWTOOTH at 10 for Shift
Supervisors Office
&OBST XB= 19.15, 19.20, 21.53, 21.69, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / SAWTOOTH at 10 for Shift
Supervisors Office
&OBST XB= 19.20, 19.25, 21.69, 21.84, 0.00,2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / SAWTOOTH at 10 for Shift
Supervisors Office
&OBST XB= 19.25, 19.30, 21.84, 21.99, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / SAWTOOTH at 10 for Shift
Supervisors Office
&OBST XB= 19.30, 19.35, 21.99, 22.14, 0.00,2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / SAWTOOTH at 10 for Shift
Supervisors Office
&OBST XB= 19.35, 19.40, 22.14, 22.30, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / SAWTOOTH at 10 for Shift
Supervisors Office
&OBST XB= 19.40, 19.457, 22.30, 22.45, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / SAWTOOTH at 10 for Shift
Supervisors Office
OBST XB= 20.265, 21.184, 8.11, 8.31, 0.00, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / Lunch Room Area Corner to
Back Panels [1]
&OBST XB= 0, 12.75, 8.11, 8.31, 0.00, 5.8826 / Lunch Room Area to Back Panels [2.1]
&OBST XB= 12.75, 16.375, 8.11, 8.31, 0.00, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / Lunch Room Area to Back
Panels [2.2]
&OBST XB= 16.374, 21.184, 8.11, 8.31, 2.286, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / Lunch Room Area to Back
Panels [2.2]
OBST XB= 21.05, 21.565, 4.15, 8.55, 0.00, 5.8826 / South Wall Lunch Room Area
&OBST XB= 14.865, 21.184, 4.15, 4.28, 0.00, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD', / WEST LUNCH WALL [D]
&OBST XB= 14.865, 14.995, 3.63, 4.15, 0.00, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD', / WEST LUNCH WALL [E]
&OBST XB= 9.215, 14.865, 3.63, 3.76, 0.00, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD', / WEST LUNCH WALL [F]
&OBST XB= 9.215, 12.57, 3.63, 3.76, 0.00, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD', / WEST LUNCH TALL WALL
[F.1]
&OBST XB= 0, 8.29, 8.11, 8.31, 0.00, 5.8826 / COMPUTER ROOM WALL - CONCRETE
&HOLE XB= 0.613, 1.39, 8.11, 8.31, 0.00, 2.74 / COMPUTER ROOM OPENING
&OBST XB= 8.11, 8.31, 0, 8.31, 0.00, 5.8826 / COMPUTER ROOM WALL - CONCRETE
&HOLE XB= 8.11, 8.31, 1.036, 1.816, 0.00, 2.286 / COMPUTER ROOM OPENING
&OBST XB= 0.613, 8.291, 0, 8.11, 2.743, 2.759, SURF_ID='CEILING TILE' / COMPUTER ROOM CEILING
&HOLE XB= 5.22, 5.82, 7.05, 7.65, 2.743, 2.759 / VENT #5 ON MARKED UP DRAWING 11405-M-94
&OBST XB= 18.20, 21.184, 4.15, 4.28, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / TOILET WALL / LUNCH
ROOM AREA
&OBST XB= 18.46, 18.97, 4.15, 6.65, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / NORTH TOILET WALL [C]
&OBST XB= 18.46, 21.184, 4.15, 4.99, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / TOILET ROOM BLOCK [G]
&OBST XB= 18.46, 21.184, 6.52, 6.65, 0.00, 2.743, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / TOILET ROOM WALL [H]
&OBST XB= 9.09, 9.22, 3.05, 3.63, 0.00, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD', / WEST LUNCH WALL [I]
&OBST XB= 8.31, 9.09, 2.98, 3.11, 0.00, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD', / WEST LUNCH WALL [J]
41
&OBST XB= 12.44, 12.64, 5.06, 8.31, 0.00, 5.8826 / ELEVATOR STAIR HALL - CONCRETE [X]
&OBST XB= 12.44, 12.57, 3.63, 5.06, 0.00, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / ELEVATOR STAIR HALL
[X]
&OBST XB= 12.57, 14.13, 4.93, 5.06, 0.00, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / TOP WALL AIRLOCK 2
HOLE XB= 12.90, 13.205, 5.32, 5.777, 2.7273, 2.7432 / VENTILATION DUCT MAY NEED TO BE RELOCATED
&OBST XB= 14.00, 14.13, 3.63, 4.98, 0.00, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / RIGHT AIRLOCK 2
&OBST XB= 13.61, 14.13, 4.75, 5.06, 0.00, 5.8826, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / AIRLOCK 2 COLUMN
POST
&OBST XB= 13.64, 13.77, 5.06, 6.87, 0.00, 5.003, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / EAST-WEST STAIRWAY
WALL
&OBST XB= 13.64, 14.74, 7.11, 6.98, 0.00, 5.003, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / NORTH-SOUTH STAIRWAY
WALL
&OBST XB= 13.64, 14.00, 6.56, 6.98, 0.00, 5.003, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / STAIRWAY COLUMN POST
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 7.074, 8.11, 3.578, 3.628, SURF_ID='GYPSUM BOARD' / STAIRWAY LANDING
CEILING - GYPSUM BOARD
&OBST XB= 14.63, 14.74, 7.074,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD - BEGIN
&OBST XB= 14.52, 14.63, 7.074,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 14.41, 14.52, 7.074,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 14.30, 14.41, 7.074,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 14.19, 14.30, 7.074,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 14.08, 14.19, 7.074,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 13.97, 14.08, 7.074,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 13.86, 13.97, 7.074,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 13.75, 13.86, 7.074,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 13.64, 13.75, 7.074,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD - END
8.11, 2.311, 2.438, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / BOTTOM STAIRWAY 8.11, 2.438, 2.564, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / BOTTOM STAIRWAY 8.11, 2.564, 2.691, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / BOTTOM STAIRWAY 8.11, 2.691, 2.818, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / BOTTOM STAIRWAY 8.11, 2.818, 2.945, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / BOTTOM STAIRWAY 8.11, 2.945, 3.071, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / BOTTOM STAIRWAY 8.11, 3.071, 3.198, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / BOTTOM STAIRWAY 8.11, 3.198, 3.325, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / BOTTOM STAIRWAY 8.11, 3.325, 3.451, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / BOTTOM STAIRWAY 8.11, 3.451, 3.578, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / BOTTOM STAIRWAY -
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 6.941, 7.074, 3.578, 3.673, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD - BEGIN
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 6.808, 6.941, 3.673, 3.768, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 6.675, 6.808, 3.768, 3.863, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 6.542, 6.675, 3.863, 3.958, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 6.409, 6.542, 3.958, 4.053, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 6.276, 6.409, 4.053, 4.148, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 6.143, 6.276, 4.148, 4.243, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 6.01, 6.143, 4.243, 4.338, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 5.877, 6.01, 4.338, 4.433, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 5.744, 5.877, 4.433, 4.528, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 5.611, 5.744, 4.528, 4.623, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
42
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 5.478, 5.611, 4.623, 4.718, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 5.345, 5.478, 4.718, 4.813, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 5.212, 5.345, 4.813, 4.908, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD
&OBST XB= 12.57, 13.64, 5.05, 5.212, 4.908, 5.003, COLOR = 'RASPBERRY' / TOP STAIRWAY
WALLBOARD -END
&HOLE XB= 12.90, 13.205, 5.05, 5.50, 4.800, 5.003 /
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
- GYPSUM
&OBST XB= 18.925, 21.565, 16.886, 20.92, 2.591, 2.616, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / SHIFT
SUPERVISORS CEILING - SUSPENDED ACOUSTICAL TILE CEILING 8.5FT
&OBST XB= 18.93, 21.565, 20.92, 21.07, 2.591, 2.616, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / SHIFT SUPERVISORS
CEILING - SUSPENDED ACOUSTICAL TILE CEILING 8.5FT
&OBST XB= 19.00, 21.565, 21.07, 21.23, 2.591, 2.616, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / SHIFT SUPERVISORS
CEILING - SUSPENDED ACOUSTICAL TILE CEILING 8.5FT
&OBST XB= 19.05, 21.565, 21.23, 21.38, 2.591, 2.616, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / SHIFT SUPERVISORS
CEILING - SUSPENDED ACOUSTICAL TILE CEILING 8.5FT
&OBST XB= 19.10, 21.565, 21.38, 21.53, 2.591, 2.616, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / SHIFT SUPERVISORS
CEILING - SUSPENDED ACOUSTICAL TILE CEILING 8.5FT
&OBST XB= 19.15, 21.565, 21.53, 21.69, 2.591, 2.616, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / SHIFT SUPERVISORS
CEILING - SUSPENDED ACOUSTICAL TILE CEILING 8.5FT
&OBST XB= 19.20, 21.565, 21.69, 21.84, 2.591, 2.616, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / SHIFT SUPERVISORS
CEILING - SUSPENDED ACOUSTICAL TILE CEILING 8.5FT
&OBST XB= 19.25, 21.565, 21.84, 21.99, 2.591, 2.616, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING'/ SHIFT SUPERVISORS
CEILING - SUSPENDED ACOUSTICAL TILE CEILING 8.5FT
&OBST XB= 19.30, 21.565, 21.99, 22.14, 2.591, 2.616, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / SHIFT SUPERVISORS
CEILING - SUSPENDED ACOUSTICAL TILE CEILING 8.5FT
&OBST XB= 19.35, 21.565, 22.14, 22.30, 2.591, 2.616, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / SHIFT SUPERVISORS
CEILING - SUSPENDED ACOUSTICAL TILE CEILING 8.5FT
&OBST XB= 19.40, 21.565, 22.30, 22.45, 2.591, 2.616, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / SHIFT SUPERVISORS
CEILING - SUSPENDED ACOUSTICAL TILE CEILING 8.5FT
&OBST XB= 18.97, 21.184, 4.28, 6.52, 2.286, 2.311, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / TOILET ROOM GYPSUM WALLBOARD CEILING 7.5FT
OBST XB= 8.29, 21.184, 0.610, 2.98, 5.88, 5.8826, SURF_ID='CONCRETE' / MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
ROOM - TILL TOP OF BOUNDARY
OBST XB= 9.215, 21.184, 2.99, 3.76, 5.88, 5.8826, SURF_ID='CONCRETE' / MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
ROOM - TILL TOP OF BOUNDARY
OBST XB= 14.865, 21.184, 3.76, 4.15, 5.88, 5.8826, SURF_ID='CONCRETE' / MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
ROOM - TILL TOP OF BOUNDARY
&OBST XB= 14.13, 14.865, 3.76, 5.06, 2.286,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD CEILING 7.5FT
&OBST XB= 14.13, 21.184, 4.15, 5.06, 2.286,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD CEILING 7.5FT
&OBST XB= 13.64, 21.184, 5.06, 6.56, 2.286,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD CEILING 7.5FT
&OBST XB= 13.64, 21.184, 6.56, 6.98, 2.286,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD CEILING 7.5FT
&OBST XB= 14.74, 21.184, 6.98, 7.11, 2.286,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD CEILING 7.5FT
&OBST XB= 14.74, 21.184, 7.11, 8.11, 2.286,
GYPSUM WALLBOARD CEILING 7.5FT
2.311, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / LUNCH ROOM AREA 2.311, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / LUNCH ROOM AREA 2.311, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / LUNCH ROOM AREA 2.311, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / LUNCH ROOM AREA 2.311, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / LUNCH ROOM AREA 2.311, SURF_ID='GYPSUM CEILING' / LUNCH ROOM AREA -
VENTILATION CASE (MOST IMPORTANT 4 VENTS)
&OBST XB= 1.60, 2.1, 14.9, 15.9, 3.048, 6.5, SURF_ID='CONCRETE'
&SURF ID='RETURN', VEL=3.76, COLOR='BLUE' /
&VENT XB= 1.65, 1.995, 14.97, 15.74, 3.048, 3.048, SURF_ID='RETURN' / vENTILATION 3.1
43
&OBST XB= 1.60, 2.1, 10.2, 11.3, 3.0, 6.5, SURF_ID='CONCRETE'
&SURF ID='RETURN1', VEL=3.76, COLOR='BLUE' /
&VENT XB= 1.65, 1.99, 10.27, 11.04, 3.048, 3.048, SURF_ID='RETURN1' / vENTILATION 3.2
&OBST XB= 8.0, 8.8, 16.65, 17.5, 3.0, 6.5, SURF_ID='CONCRETE'
&SURF ID='RETURN2', VEL=2.34, COLOR='BLUE' /
&VENT XB= 8.18, 8.6, 16.75, 17.31, 3.048, 3.048, SURF_ID='RETURN2' / vENTILATION 2
&OBST XB= 16.4, 17.0, 20.2, 21.25, 3.0, 6.5, SURF_ID='CONCRETE'
&SURF ID='RETURN3', VEL=4.48, COLOR='BLUE' /
&VENT XB= 16.53, 16.91, 20.44, 21.13, 3.048, 3.048, SURF_ID='RETURN3' / vENTILATION 13
&OBST XB= 7.2, 7.8, 1.80, 2.30, 3.0, 6.5, SURF_ID='CONCRETE'
&SURF ID='RETURN4', VEL=3.39, COLOR='BLUE' /
&VENT XB= 7.3, 7.76, 1.83, 2.28, 3.048, 3.048, SURF_ID='RETURN4' / vENTILATION 11
&OBST XB= 7.00, 7.60, 4.90, 5.40, 3.0, 6.5, SURF_ID='CONCRETE'
&SURF ID='RETURN5', VEL=3.05, COLOR='BLUE' /
&VENT XB= 7.05, 7.51, 4.96, 5.44, 3.048, 3.048, SURF_ID='RETURN5' / vENTILATION 5
&OBST XB= 3.85, 4.40, 7.25, 7.85, 3.0, 6.5, SURF_ID='CONCRETE'
&SURF ID='RETURN6', VEL=3.05, COLOR='BLUE' /
&VENT XB= 3.91, 4.37, 7.31, 7.77, 3.048, 3.048, SURF_ID='RETURN6' / vENTILATION 10
&OBST XB= 9.30, 9.88, 11.95, 12.30, 3.0, 6.5, SURF_ID='CONCRETE'
&SURF ID='RETURN7', VEL=3.05, COLOR='BLUE' /
&VENT XB= 9.40, 9.80, 12.00, 12.25, 3.048, 3.048, SURF_ID='RETURN7' / vENTILATION 12
&OBST XB= 19.50, 20.00, 8.80, 9.30, 3.0, 6.5, SURF_ID='CONCRETE'
&SURF ID='SUPPLY14', VEL=-4.34, COLOR='BLUE' /
&VENT XB= 19.57, 19.80, 8.87, 9.25, 3.048, 3.048, SURF_ID='SUPPLY14' / SUPPLY 14
&OBST XB= 4.10, 4.57, 14.30, 14.75, 3.0, 6.5, SURF_ID='CONCRETE'
&SURF ID='SUPPLYX', VEL=-4.48, COLOR='BLUE' /
&VENT XB= 4.18, 4.53, 14.35, 14.71, 3.048, 3.048, SURF_ID='SUPPLYX' / SUPPLY MCB
&OBST XB= 1.80, 2.30, 1.80, 2.30, 3.0, 6.5, SURF_ID='CONCRETE'
&SURF ID='SUPPLYA', VEL=-3.44, COLOR='RED' /
&VENT XB= 1.82, 2.28, 1.82, 2.28, 3.048, 3.048, SURF_ID='SUPPLYA' / SUPPLY A
&OBST XB= 5.70, 6.22, 5.20, 5.72, 3.0, 6.5, SURF_ID='CONCRETE'
&SURF ID='SUPPLYB', VEL=-3.44, COLOR='RED' /
&VENT XB= 5.74, 6.19, 5.22, 5.67, 3.048, 3.048, SURF_ID='SUPPLYB' / SUPPLY B
&OBST XB= 1.80, 2.30, 5.20, 5.72, 3.0, 6.5, SURF_ID='CONCRETE'
&SURF ID='SUPPLYC', VEL=-3.44, COLOR='RED' /
&VENT XB= 1.82, 2.28, 5.22, 5.67, 3.048, 3.048, SURF_ID='SUPPLYC' / SUPPLY C
&OBST XB= 4.12, 4.90, 18.70, 19.45, 3.0, 6.5, SURF_ID='CONCRETE'
&SURF ID='SUPPLYD', VEL=-1.6, COLOR='RED' /
&VENT XB= 4.18, 4.79, 18.79, 19.40, 3.048, 3.048, SURF_ID='SUPPLYD' / SUPPLY D
&OBST XB= 4.12, 4.90, 11.40, 12.14, 3.0, 6.5, SURF_ID='CONCRETE'
&SURF ID='SUPPLYE', VEL=-1.6, COLOR='RED' /
&VENT XB= 4.18, 4.79, 11.48, 12.09, 3.048, 3.048, SURF_ID='SUPPLYE' / SUPPLY E
&OBST XB= 18.70, 19.50, 17.70, 18.40, 3.0, 6.5, SURF_ID='CONCRETE'
&SURF ID='SUPPLYF', VEL=-0.38, COLOR='RED' /
&VENT XB= 18.79, 19.40, 17.75, 18.36, 3.048, 3.048, SURF_ID='SUPPLYF' / SUPPLY F
&OBST XB= 1.50, 2.20, 12.50, 13.15, 3.0, 6.5, SURF_ID='CONCRETE'
44
&SURF ID='SUPPLYG', VEL=-1.64, COLOR='RED' /
&VENT XB= 1.56, 2.17, 12.53, 13.14, 3.048, 3.048, SURF_ID='SUPPLYG' / SUPPLY G
&OBST XB= 17.40, 17.90, 15.14, 15.40, 3.0, 6.5, SURF_ID='CONCRETE'
&SURF ID='SUPPLYF', VEL=-4.34, COLOR='RED' /
&VENT XB= 17.49, 17.87, 15.14, 15.37, 3.048, 3.048, SURF_ID='SUPPLYF' / SUPPLY H
SURF ID='SUPPLY', VEL=-.8, COLOR='BLUE'
VENT XB= 2.0, 2.5, 4.5, 5.5, 3.0, 3.0, SURF_ID='SUPPLY' VENTILATION DUCT INLET
SURF ID='EXHAUST', VEL=1.5, COLOR='RASPBERRY'
VENT XB= 7.0, 7.5, 4.5, 5.5, 3.0, 3.0, SURF_ID='EXHAUST' VENTILATION DUCT OUTLET
&VENT MB='YMIN',SURF_ID='OPEN' /
Properties to Capture:
1.) Heat Flux above 6' (1.8288m) greater than 1kW/m^2 (smoke layer at 95°C)
2.) Smoke layer below 6'(1.8288m) from floor, or optical density less than 0.3m.
&BNDF QUANTITY='GAUGE HEAT FLUX' /
&BNDF QUANTITY='WALL TEMPERATURE' /
&BNDF QUANTITY='BURNING RATE' /
&SLCF PBY=9.50, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&SLCF PBY=18.00, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&SLCF PBY=16.00, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&SLCF PBY=10.00, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&SLCF PBX=14.00, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&SLCF PBX=12.00, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&SLCF PBX=10.00, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&SLCF PBX=4.00, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&SLCF PBZ=1.8288, QUANTITY='OPTICAL DENSITY' /
&SLCF PBZ=2.743, QUANTITY='OPTICAL DENSITY' /
&SLCF PBZ=3.66, QUANTITY='OPTICAL DENSITY' /
&ISOF QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE', VALUE(1)=30.0, VALUE(2)=300.0
&ISOF QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE', VALUE(1)=90.0
&OBST XB= 11.59, 12.04, 20.32, 20.80, 0.00, 1.83, COLOR = 'ORANGE', SURF_ID='HUMAN' / BLOCK
PERSON #1
&DEVC ID='TEMP 1', XYZ=11.59, 20.80 1.8288, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&DEVC ID='OPTICAL DENSITY 1', XYZ=11.69, 20.78, 1.83, ORIENTATION= 0,0,-1, QUANTITY='OPTICAL
DENSITY' /
&DEVC ID='HEAT FLUX 1', XYZ=11.76, 20.32, 1.83, IOR=3, QUANTITY='GAUGE_HEAT_FLUX' /
&OBST XB= 10.17, 10.62, 18.63, 19.08, 0.00, 1.83, COLOR = 'TOMATO', SURF_ID='HUMAN'/ BLOCK
PERSON #2
&DEVC ID='TEMP 2', XYZ=10.17, 19.08, 1.8288, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&DEVC ID='OPTICAL DENSITY 2', XYZ=10.17, 19.08,
1.8288, ORIENTATION= 0,0,-1,
QUANTITY='OPTICAL DENSITY' /
&DEVC ID='HEAT FLUX 2', XYZ=10.27, 18.73, 1.83, IOR=3, QUANTITY='GAUGE_HEAT_FLUX' /
&OBST XB= 6.61, 7.06, 17.10, 17.56, 0.00, 1.83, COLOR = 'STEEL BLUE', SURF_ID='HUMAN' / BLOCK
PERSON #3
45
&DEVC ID='TEMP 3', XYZ=6.61, 17.56, 1.8288, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&DEVC ID='OPTICAL DENSITY 3', XYZ=6.61, 17.56, 1.8288, ORIENTATION= 0,0,-1, QUANTITY='OPTICAL
DENSITY' /
DEVC ID='HEAT FLUX 3', XYZ=6.80, 17.11, 1.83, IOR=3, QUANTITY='GAUGE_HEAT_FLUX' /
&OBST XB= 6.02, 6.47, 19.91, 20.36, 0.00, 1.83, COLOR = 'FOREST GREEN', SURF_ID='HUMAN' / BLOCK
PERSON #4
&DEVC ID='TEMP 4', XYZ=6.02, 20.36, 1.8288, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&DEVC ID='OPTICAL DENSITY 4', XYZ=6.02, 20.36, 1.8288, ORIENTATION= 0,0,-1, QUANTITY='OPTICAL
DENSITY' /
&DEVC ID='HEAT FLUX 4', XYZ=6.02, 20.36, 1.83, IOR=3, QUANTITY='GAUGE_HEAT_FLUX' /
&OBST XB= 9.55, 9.99, 22.05, 22.55, 0.00, 1.83, COLOR = 'DEEP PINK 3', SURF_ID='HUMAN' / BLOCK
PERSON #5
&DEVC ID='TEMP 5', XYZ=9.55, 22.55, 1.8288, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&DEVC ID='OPTICAL DENSITY 5', XYZ=9.55, 22.55, 1.8288, ORIENTATION= 0,0,-1, QUANTITY='OPTICAL
DENSITY' /
&DEVC ID='HEAT FLUX 5', XYZ=9.76, 22.40, 1.83, IOR=3, QUANTITY='GAUGE_HEAT_FLUX' /
&OBST XB= 9.41, 9.86, 19.91, 20.36, 0.00, 1.83, COLOR = 'TAN 2' /, SURF_ID='HUMAN' BLOCK PERSON #6
&DEVC ID='TEMP 6', XYZ=9.41, 20.36, 1.8288, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&DEVC ID='OPTICAL DENSITY 6', XYZ=9.41, 20.36, 1.8288, ORIENTATION= 0,0,-1, QUANTITY='OPTICAL
DENSITY' /
DEVC ID='HEAT FLUX 6', XYZ=9.86, 20.33, 1.83, IOR=3, QUANTITY='GAUGE_HEAT_FLUX' /
DEVC ID='GAS HEAT FLUX 6', XYZ=9.41, 20.36, 1.83, QUANTITY='RADIATIVE_FLUX_GAS' /
&DEVC XYZ=12.00,10.00,1.5, QUANTITY='oxygen', ID='EO2_FDS'
&DEVC XYZ=6.00,18.00,1.6, QUANTITY='oxygen', ID='EO2_FDS'
&DEVC XYZ=15.00,12.00,1.5, QUANTITY='oxygen', ID='EO2_FDS'
&DEVC ID='REF TEMP 1', XYZ=3.89, 15.99, 1.8288, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&DEVC ID='REF TEMP 2', XYZ=14.42, 21.00, 1.8288, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&DEVC ID='REF TEMP 3', XYZ=13.10, 18.00, 1.8288, QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE' /
&DEVC ID='REF OPTICAL DENSITY 1', XYZ=3.89, 15.99,
QUANTITY='OPTICAL DENSITY' /
&DEVC ID='REF OPTICAL DENSITY 2', XYZ=14.42, 21.00,
QUANTITY='OPTICAL DENSITY' /
&DEVC ID='REF OPTICAL DENSITY 3', XYZ=13.10, 18.00,
QUANTITY='OPTICAL DENSITY'/
1.8288,
ORIENTATION=
0,0,-1,
1.8288,
ORIENTATION=
0,0,-1,
1.8288,
ORIENTATION=
0,0,-1,
DEVC ID='REF HEAT FLUX 1', XYZ=3.89, 15.99, 1.8288, QUANTITY='RADIATIVE_FLUX_GAS' /
DEVC ID='REF HEAT FLUX 2', XYZ=14.42, 21.00, 1.8288, QUANTITY='RADIATIVE_FLUX_GAS' /
DEVC ID='REF HEAT FLUX 3', XYZ=13.10, 18.00, 1.8288, QUANTITY='RADIATIVE_FLUX_GAS' /
&DUMP PLOT3D_QUANTITY(1:5)='TEMPERATURE', 'U-VELOCITY', 'V-VELOCITY',
'HRRPUV' /
&TAIL /
46
'W-VELOCITY',
Appendix C – Heat Flux Graphs for FDS Cases
Figure 7: Heat Flux Profile for FDS Runs (Non-Ventilated)
47
Figure 8: Heat Flux Profile for FDS Runs (Ventilated)
48