Federalists Ascendant: John Adams
I.
Development of Political Parties
a. Washington “above” politics, but a ____________________
b. Federalist Party emerges
i. Leaders =>
ii. Characteristics
1. Pro . . .
2. Pro . . .
3. Pro . . .
4. “Looser” interpretation . . .
c. Democratic-Republicans (D-Rs)
i. Leaders =>
ii. Characteristics
1. Pro . . .
2. Pro . . .
3. Pro . . .
4. Pro . . .
5. Strict interpretation . . .
II.
Election of 1796
a. First Post-Washington Election
i. John Adams (F) – _______ EV
ii. Thomas Jefferson (DR) – _______ EV
iii. Thomas Pinckney (F) – ________ EV
iv. Aaron Burr (DR) – ______ EV
b. President, VP from different parties
i. Constitution election rules
1. President to be person with . . .
2. VP to be person with . . .
3. NO CONCEPT OF ________________ (idea of Pres, VP running together)
ii. Founders did not anticipate . . .
iii. Became big problem in Adams’ Administration
III.
John Adams (1735-1826)
a. Born in Massachusetts
b. Raised a “__________________________”
c. Became a lawyer
d. Second cousins to . . .
e. Joined Patriot cause =>
f. During Revolutionary war, served in . . .
i. “Committee of 5” =>
ii. Looked to for advice by states on . . .
IV.
John Adams, Diplomat
a. 1777: Sent to ___________________ as diplomat
b. 1779-80: Returned to Europe to . . .
c. Continued to serve as ambassador to ________________ (1780-82) and
__________________ (1785-88)
V.
John Adams, Vice President
a. Came in second in election of 1788 AND 1792 (significance?) =>
b. Washington rarely . . .
c. Adams main job as VP =>
d. Very low opinion of Vice Presidency =>
VI.
John Adams, President
a. Continued ______________________ of George Washington
b. Adams wanted to . . .
c. Problem: Jay’s Treaty angered . . .
d. Adams sent diplomats to . . .
e. XYZ Affair
i. French agents demands
1. ______________ bribe
2. ______________ “loan” to help French fight wars
3. ___________________ from Adams for Jay’s Treaty
ii. Americans . . .
f. US Reaction to XYZ Affair
i. Jefferson, D-Rs demanded to see reports from diplomats =>
ii. Adams released charges to public =>
iii. Public outcry: “Millions for defense . . .” =>
g. “Quasi-War”
i. No declaration, but . . .
ii. American negotiators offered French . . .
iii. 1800: Adams renegotiated treaty
1. US dropped claim for . . .
2. France released US . . .
3. Weakened American public affection . . .
VII.
Domestic Affairs
a. Alien-Sedition Acts (1798)
i. _______________ _____________________ Act
1. Authorized the President to ________________ any resident considered
“dangerous to the peace and safety of the US”
2. Aimed at . . .
ii. _______________ _____________________ Act
1. Authorized the President to _________________ and deport resident aliens if
their home countries were at war with the US
2. Still in effect
iii. ________________________ Act
1. Extended the duration of residence required for aliens to become
citizens to ...
2. Expired 1801
iv. ________________ Act
1. Made it a crime to publish “false, scandalous and malicious writing”
against ...
2. Very controversial
b. Reaction to Sedition Act
i. Jefferson, D-Rs =>
1. First Amendment =>
2. Tenth Amendment =>
3. No judicial review yet . . .
ii. KY, VA Resolutions
1. TJ, James Madison introduced these resolutions …
2. Called on states . . .
3. Compact Theory
a. US made up of . . .
b. States give . . .
c. But states do not give away their ___________
d. If state’s sovereignty is violated, then state had right to . . .
c. Alien-Sedition Acts in Action
i. No aliens deported, but . . .
ii. 25 people arrested under Sedition Act =>
iii. 11 tried, 10 convicted
iv. Led to . . .
1. Federalists tossed out of office
2. After his election, President Jefferson . . .
VIII.
1800 Election
a. One of the nastiest elections ever =>
b. Jefferson v. Adams
c. Campaign destroyed . . .
d. Jefferson, Burr (both D-Rs) tie =>
i. 35 ballots . . .
ii. On 36th ballot =>
e. 1800 Election Aftermath: 12th Amendment
i. President, VP run as __________________
ii. Each elector casts 2 votes =>
iii. Deadlock goes to House =>
f. Federalists lose control of …
g. Adams makes “Midnight appointments” to judiciary =>