หน้า 64 , 13. Given 1 2 4 3 , b , c A 1 2 2 0 (a) Write b as a linear combination of the column vectors a1 and a2. 1 2 We have a1 and a 2 . By inspection, we have that 2 1 4 1 2 0 21 2 . Hence, b 2a1 a 2 . 2 (b) From (a), we have that the solution to Ax b is x . 1 (c) We write the augmented matrix as 1 2 3 Row2 Row1 1 2 3 Row1 0.5 Row2 1 0 5 2 0 4 1 1 2 2 0 4 1 Hence we have x1 4 5 1 1 2 0 2 1 4 2 5 1 and x 2 . This leads to 2 4 ANS 1 A . 16. Let A be a nonsingular matrix. Show that A-1 is also nonsingular and A 1 To prove that first one is easy. Since A-1 is the inverse of A by definition. We can write AA1 A1 A I . If A-1 is a nonsingular matrix, we must be able to find a matrix B such that A1 B BA1 I . From the previous equation, we can choose B A , and we have A1 A A1 A I , and AA1 AA1 I . 1 Hence, A is also nonsingular and A 1 A . -1 17. Prove that if A is nonsingular then AT is nonsingular and AT 1 A1 T We begin the proof with definition of A-1, i.e., AA1 A1 A I We take the transpose the above equation, and we yield AA1 T A1 T AT I T I , and A1 AT AT A1 T I T I . This implies that A1 T AT AT A1 T I , or AT 1 A1 T . 7 (a) E 1 3 1 R2 3R1 1 0 3 1 3 1 9 5 3 1 9 5 0 2 3 1 U 0 2 1 0 L E11 3 1 3 1 1 0 3 1 A 9 5 3 1 0 2 7(b) E 1 2 4 R2 R1 1 0 2 4 2 4 2 1 1 1 2 1 0 5 U 1 0 L E11 1 1 2 4 1 0 2 4 A 2 1 1 1 0 5 7(c) E 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 R1 3 4 5 R2 3 1 0 3 4 5 0 2 3 2 2 7 0 0 1 2 2 7 2 2 7 E 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 3 R 3 2 R1 0 1 0 0 2 3 0 2 3 2 2 7 2 0 1 2 2 7 0 4 9 E 3 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 3 R 3 2 R2 0 1 0 0 2 3 0 2 3 U 0 4 9 0 2 1 0 4 9 0 0 3 1 0 0 1 L E11 E 21 E31 3 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 3 1 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 1 2 2 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 L 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 A 3 4 5 3 1 0 0 2 3 2 2 7 2 2 1 0 0 3 7(d) E 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 0 0 2 1 R 2 2 R1 4 1 2 2 1 0 4 1 2 0 3 2 6 3 4 0 0 1 6 3 4 6 3 4 E 2 2 2 1 2 1 0 0 2 1 2 2 1 R3 3 R1 0 3 2 0 1 0 0 3 2 0 3 2 6 3 4 3 0 1 6 3 4 0 6 2 E 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 0 0 2 1 R3 2 R 2 0 3 2 0 1 0 0 3 2 0 3 2 U 0 6 2 0 2 1 0 6 2 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 3 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 L 0 0 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 L E11 E 21 E31 2 2 1 0 0 2 1 2 2 1 A 4 1 2 2 1 0 0 3 2 6 3 4 3 2 1 0 0 2 9(a) 1 1 1 0 R1 R2 1 0 0 1 R2 R1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 9(b) 2 5 1 0 R2 0.5R1 2 5 1 0 R1 10 R2 2 0 6 10 1 3 0 1 0 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 0 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 2 0 6 10 0.5R1 ,2 R2 1 0 3 5 0 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 0 1 1 2 2 5 1 3 1 3 5 1 2 9(c) 2 6 1 0 R2 3 / 2 R1 2 6 1 0 R1 6 R2 2 0 8 6 3 8 0 1 0 1 3 / 2 1 0 1 3 / 2 1 2 0 8 6 0.5R1, R2 1 0 4 3 0 1 3 / 2 1 0 1 3 / 2 1 2 6 3 8 1 4 3 3 / 2 1 7 (d) 3 0 1 0 R2 3R1 3 0 1 0 R1 / 3, R2 / 3 1 0 1 / 3 0 9 3 0 1 0 3 3 1 0 1 1 1 / 3 3 0 9 3 1 1 / 3 0 1 1 / 3 9 (e) 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 R1 R3 , R2 R3 R1 R2 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 9 (f) 2 0 5 1 0 0 2 0 5 2 0 0 1 0 0 6 0 10 R3 0.5 R1 R1 10 R3 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 1 / 2 1 / 2 0 1 0 0 1 / 2 1 / 2 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 3 6 0 10 0 5 0.5 R1 , R2 / 3,2 R3 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 / 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 / 2 1 / 2 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 2 0 5 0 3 0 1 0 3 1 0 5 3 0 1 / 3 0 1 0 2 9 (g) 1 3 3 1 0 0 R2 2 R1 1 3 3 1 0 0 1 3 3 1 0 0 R3 3R1 R2 R3 6 1 0 1 0 0 0 5 2 1 0 0 1 6 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 6 3 0 1 0 8 3 0 0 1 0 5 2 1 0 1 3 3 1 0 0 R 2 6 / 5 R3 1 3 0 1 / 5 3 / 5 0 R1 3 / 5 R3 0 1 6 3 0 1 0 1 0 3 / 5 6 / 5 1 0 0 0 5 2 1 0 0 5 2 1 0 1 3 0 1 / 5 3 / 5 0 1 0 0 2 3 3 R1 3R2 0 1 0 3 / 5 6 / 5 1 0 1 0 3 / 5 6 / 5 1 0 0 0 5 2 1 0 0 1 2 / 5 1 / 5 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 2 3 3 3 3 1R1 ,1R2 0 1 0 3 / 5 6 / 5 1 0 1 0 3 / 5 6 / 5 1 0 0 0 1 2 / 5 1 / 5 0 0 1 2 / 5 1 / 5 0 1 3 3 2 6 1 3 8 3 1 3 3 2 3 / 5 6 / 5 1 2 / 5 1 / 5 0 9 (h) 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 R2 R1 1 0 1 1 0 0 R3 R1 R3 2R2 1 0 1 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 3 0 0 1 0 2 2 1 0 1 0 0 2 3 2 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 R1 R3 / 2 1 0 0 1 / 2 1 1 / 2 R2 R3 0 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 2 3 2 1 0 0 2 3 2 1 1 0 0 1 / 2 1 1 / 2 1 0 0 1 / 2 1 1 / 2 R3 / 2 0 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 2 3 0 0 1 3 / 2 2 1 1 1 / 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 / 2 1 1 / 2 2 1 1 3 / 2 1 1 / 2