4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
NOMEN:_______________________
Arrange the vocabulary for Stage 25 by part of speech.
NOUNS
1.
2.
3.
10.
ADJECTIVES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
PRONOUNS
1.
VERBS
1.
2.
3.
4..
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
PREPOSITIONS< ADVERBS< CONJUNCTION, MISC
1.
2.
3.
4.

BEFORE WE PROCEED, I NEED TO TELL YOU ABOUT SOMETHING YOU WON”T SEE IN
THE STORIES FOR A WHILE< BUT YOU WILL PROBABLY SEE ON THE NATIONAL LATIN
EXAM:
INDIRECT STATEMENT.
In English: We can quote someone directly: The teacher says, “Marcus is asleep”.
Or we can quote someone indirectly: The teacher says that Marcus is asleep. The second gives the gist, not necessarily the exact words. In English we insert “that”. Latin does indirect statement differently.
In Latin: We can quote directly, as you know. Often the verb we use is “inquit”, which means says. Or we can use indirect statement.
We call the verb that means “says”, “thinks”, “hopes”, etc, the “head” verb. Keep the head verb the same.
Change the subject of the indirect statement to accusative. Change the verb to an infinitive.
(You really can’t translate this literally from Latin into English.)
Magistra dicit Marcum dormīre. : The teacher says that Marcus is sleeping.
Magistra putat (thinks) Marcum Iuliam amāre: The teacher thinks that Marcus loves Iuliam.
(Marcum and Iuliam are both accusative. Word order does matter here. The first one is the subject (Marcum), the second one is the direct object (Iuliam).)
Marcus dicit sē Iuliam amāre: Marcus hopes that he (himself) loves Iulia.
Marcus dicit eum Iuliam amāre: Marcus says that he (someone else) loves Iulia.
Sē serves as subject if Marcus (or anyone else) is subject of both the head verb and the indirect statement.)
As you will see, indirect questions are NOT DONE THIS WAY IN LATIN. INDIRECT
QUESTIONS are expressed with a subjunctive.

EXPLORATOR BRITANNICUS. Translate. Underline the subjunctive verbs.
1.
mīles legionis secundae per castra ambulābat. Subitō iuvenem ignotum prope horreum latentem conspexit.
“heus tū,” clamāvit miles, “quis es?
”iuvenis nihil respondit. Mīles iuvenem iterum rogāvit quis esset.
Iuvenis fugit.
2.
mīles iuvenem petivit et facile superāvit. “furcifer!” exclamāvit. “quid prope horreum facis?” iuvenis dicere nolēbat quid prope horreum faceret. Mīles eum ad centurionem dūxit.
3.
centuriō, iuvenem conspicātus, “hunc agnoscō!” inquit. “explorator Britannicus est, quem saepe prope castra conspexī. Quō modō eum cēpistī?” tum miles explicāvit quō modō iuvenem cēpisset.
4.
centuriō, ad iuvenem conversus, “cūr in castra vēnistī?” rogāvit.
Iuvenis tamen tacēbat.
Centuriō, ubi cognoscere nōn poterat cūr iuvenis in castra venisset, militem iussit eum ad carcerem dūcere.
5.
iuvenis, postquam verba centurionis audivit, “ego sum Vercobrix.” Inquit, “filius principis
Deceangōrum. Vōbīs nōn decorum est mē in carcere tenēre.”
“filius principis Deceanglōrum?” exclamāvit centuriō. “libentissimē tē videō. Nōs tē diū quaerimus, cellamque optimam tibi in carcere parāvimus.´
What new use of the subjunctive do we have here?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

STRYTHIO: Optio per castra ambulat. Strythionem, iam ad castra regressum, conspicit.
Optio: heus Strythio! Hūc venī! Tibi aliquid dīcere volō!
Strythio: nōlī mē vexāre! Occupatus sum. Modestum quaerō, quod puella eum expectat.
Hercle! Puellam pulchriorem numquam vīdī. Vōx eius est suavissima; oculī eius . . .
Optio: mī Strythio, quamquam occupatissimus es, dēbēs maximā cum diligentiā mē audīre.
A centurione nostrō missus sum. Centuriō tē iubet ad carcarem statim festināre.
Strythio: insanit centuriō! Innocēns sum.
Optiō: tacē! centuriō Modestum quoque iussit ad carcarem festināre.
Strythio: deōs testēs faciō. Innocentēs sumus. Nūllum facinus commīsimus.
Optiō caudex! Tacē! difficile est rem tibi explicāre! Valerius, centuriō noster, vōs ambōs carcarem custōdīre iussit.
Strythiō: nōlī mē vituperāre! Rem nunc intellegō! Valerius nōs vult custōdēs carcaris esse.
Decorum est Valeriō nōs Eligere, quod fortissimī sumus. Ego et Modestus, cum in Africā militārēmus, sōlī tōtam provinciam custodiēbāmus.
Optio: (susurrāns) difficile est mihi hod crēdere.
Strythio; quid dīcis!
Optio: quamquam fortissimī estis, diligentiam quoque maximam praestāre dēbētis.
Nam inter captīvōs est Vercobrix, iuvenis magnae dignitātis, cuius pater est princeps
Deceanglōrum. Necesse est vōbīs Vercobrigem diligentissimē custōdīre.
Strythio: nōlī anxius esse, mī optiō. Nōbīs nihil difficile est, quod fortissimī sumus,
Ut anteā dīxī. Tū redī ad Valerium. Dīc Valeriō haec omnia verba. Nōlī quicqum omittere!
“Strythiō, mīles legionis secundae, Valriō, centuriōnī legiōnis secundae, salutem plurimam dicit. Optio, ā tē missus, mandata tua nōbīs tuli. Nōs mandatīs tuīs parentēs, ad stationem procēdimus.´ (exeunt centurionem quaerit, Strythio amicum.)

MODESTUS CUSTOS
Modestus et Strythio, carcarem ingressī, cellās in quibus captīvī erant inspiciēbant. Habēbat
Strythio tabulam in quā nomina captivōrum scīpta erant. Modestus eum rogāvit in quā cellā
Vercobrix inclusus esset. Strythio, tabulam inspiciēns, cognovit ubi Vercobrix iacēret, et
Modestum ad cellam dūxit. Modestus, cum ad portam cellae advēnisset, haesitāns cōnstitit.
Strythiō “num cellam intrāre timēs?” inquit. Vinctus est filius principis Deceanglōrum. Tē laedere nōn potest.´
Dum Strythio haec dīxisset, Modestus īrātus exclāmāvit,
“caudex, principis filium nōn timeō! Constitī quod tē exspectābam,. Volō tē mihi portam aperīre!” cum portam Strythio aperuisset, Modestus rūrsus haesitāvit.
“obscura est cella,” inquit Modestus anxius. “fer mihi lucernam.”
Strythio, vir summae patientiae, lucernam tulit amīcōque trādidit. Ille, cellam ingressus, ē conspectū discessit.
In angulō cellae icēbat Vercobrix. Modestux, cum eum vīdisset, gladium dēstrīnxit. Tum, ad mediam cellam prōgressus, Vercobrigem vituperāre coepit. Vercobrix tamen contumēliās eius audīre nōn poterat, quod graviter dormiēbat.
Subitō arānea, ē tēctō cellae lāpsa, in nāsum Modestī incidit et trāns ōs cucurrit.
Modestus, ab arāneā territus, ē cellā fūgit, vehementer clāmāns. Strythio, quī extrā cellam stābat, attonitus erat. Nesciēbat enim cur Modestus clāmāret.
“Strythio! Strythio! “ inquit. “Claude portam cellae. Nōbīs necesse est summā cum dīligentiā Vercobrigem custōdīre. Etiam arāneae eum adiuvant!”
Strythio dum portam clausisset, Modestum territum rogāvit quid accidisset.
“Modeste,” inquit, “quam pallidus es! Num captīvum timēs?”
“Minimē! pallidus sum, quod nōn cēnāvī,” respondit.
“Vīsne mē ad culīnam īre et tibi cēnam ferre?” rogāvit Strythio.
“optimum consilium est!” inquit alter.”tū tamen hīc manē. Melius est mihi ipsī ad culīnam īre, quod coquus decem dēnāriōs mihi dēbet.”
Haec locūtus, ad culīnam statim cucurrit.

NOMEN: ______________ Homework I
Do a synopsis conjugation of cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctus: force, in 3 rd person singular.
INFINITIVE:
To force:___________________ to be forced:________________
To have forced:________________ To have been forced:________________
INDICATIVE
Present: He forces:_____________ He is forced:____________
Imperf: he was forcing:______________ He was being forced:___________
Fut: He will force:__________________ He will be forced:______________
Perf: He forced/has forced_______________ He was forced/has been forced:___________
PluPerf: he had forced_________________ He had been forced:____________
FutPerf: he will have forced:______________ He will have been forced______________
SUBJUNCTIVE:
Imp. He was forcing:______________
Pluperf: He had forced:________________
INFINITIVE:
To force:___________________ to be forced:________________
To have forced:________________ To have been forced:________________
Do a synopsis conjugation of explicō, explicāre, explicāvī, explicātus in 3 rd person singular.
INDICATIVE
Present: He explains:_____________ It is explained:____________
Imperf: he was explaining:______________ It was being explained:___________
Fut: He will explain:__________________ it will be explained:______________
Perf: He explained/has explained_______________ It was explained/has been explained:___________
PluPerf: he had explained_________________ It had been explained:____________
FutPerf: he will have explained:______________ It will have been explained______________
SUBJUNCTIVE:
Imp. He was explaining:______________
Pluperf: He had explained:________________
INFINITIVE:
To explain:___________________ to be explained:________________
To have explained:________________ To have been explained:________________

HOMEWORK I continued: We have learned two of the 4 subjunctive tenses; imperfect and pluperfect.
To form the imperfect: Take the present active infinitive and add m, s, t, mus, tis, nt (all have –re + endings)
To form the pluperfect Take the perfect active infinitive (perfect stem + isse) and add m, s, t, mus, tis, nt
PRACTICE WITH THE VERB sum, esse, fuī, futurus
IMPERFECT
Singular
1 st _______________
2 nd
3 rd
________________
________________
Plural
1 st ________________
2 nd ________________
3 rd ________________
PLUPERFECT
Singular
1 st _______________
2 nd ________________
3 rd ________________
Plural
1 st ________________
2 nd ________________
3 rd ________________

NOMEN: __________________HOMEWORK II Read about Indirect questions on p. 91. Write the sentences under C in Latin. Circle the subjunctive verb, if there is one. Translate into English.
1. Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
2.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
3.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
4.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
5.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
6.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
7.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
8.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________ p. 94Read More about the subjunctive on p. 94. Write the sentences under C in Latin, and translate into English. Make a note to the side of any words you did not know.
1. Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
2.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
3.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
4.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
5.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
6.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
7.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
8.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________

NOMEN: ____________ Homework III Read the story MODESTUS PERFUGA I from the book.
A. Write out & translate each sentence that has a subjunctive verb. One of them has two parts separate by a semicolon. Treat is like two sentences.
1. Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
2.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
3.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
4.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
5.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
B. Find the sentence in which Modestus makes a statement out wine in which he uses a comparative adjective.
Write the sentence in Latin. Translate into English.
6.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
C. Find the sentence in which Modestus makes a statement out Strythio in which he uses a comparative adjective. Write the sentence in Latin. Translate into English.
7.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
D. Find the sentence in which Modestus says “It is necessary for me to flee/I must flee” using a gerundive of obligation (look for the future passive participle. It has –nd- in it.
8.
Write it in Latin.
Lat: __________________________________________________________

NOMEN: ____________________ HOMEWORK IV
MODESTUS PERFUGA II
Find the sentence in which Modestus says “It is necessary for me to flee from the prison/ I must flee from the prison” using a gerundive of obligation (look for the future passive participle. It has –nd- in it.
1.
Write it in Latin.
Lat:
__________________________________________________________
Find the sentence in which Modestus says “Vercobrix, it is necessary for you to remain in the cell/you must remain in the cell” using a gerundive of obligation (look for the future passive participle. It has –nd- in it.
2.
Write it in Latin.
Lat:
__________________________________________________________
Find the sentence in which Modestus says “It is necessary for you to die/ you must die” using a gerundive of obligation (look for the future passive participle. It has –nd- in it.
3.
Write it in Latin.
Lat:
__________________________________________________________
Write out & translate each sentence in part II that has a subjunctive verb. One of them has two parts separate by a semicolon. Treat is like two sentences.
1. Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
9.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
10.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
11.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________

NOMEN _______________________Homework V p. 95: Word Patterns: Male and female
A-B Organize these nouns in pairs and write them out in two columns. For each, give the meaning.
Male Female
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
___________
___________
____________
____________
C. Which endings indicate the masculine form? __________________
Which endings indicate the feminine equivalent? ___________________

NOMEN__________________________HOMEWORK VI p. 95 Practicing the language.
A. Write out the correct Latin sentences.
1. ______________________________________
2. ______________________________________
3. ______________________________________
4. ______________________________________
.5. ______________________________________
6. ______________________________________ p. 96 B. Give the meanings of each of the verbs. Look them up if you don’t know them. What tense are all these verbs?
1. clamāvit_________ 2. cucurrit____________3. invēnit_________4. coxit___________
5. bibit____________ 6. cōnsūmpsit: __________7. exiit____________
Then do B. orally.
C. Give the meaning of each of the words. They are all participles. Beside each participle, give the principal parts of the verb they come from.
1. missōs, ________ Prin. Pts:_______ __________ _________ __________
2. līberātī:_________ Prin. Pts:_______ __________ _________ __________
3. territa__________ Prin. Pts:_______ __________ _________ __________
4. regressam_________ Prin. Pts:_______ __________ _________ __________
5. tenentēs___________ Prin. Pts:_______ __________ _________ __________
6.passus__________ Prin. Pts:_______ __________ _________ __________
Now write the sentences in Latin, and translate into English
1. Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
2.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
3.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
4.
Lat: __________________________________________________________

Eng: _________________________________________________________
5.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
6.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
D. p. 96. This is based on the story Modestus custōs. Read the story again. Match each cum clause with the correct main clause, and write out the sentence in Latin. Then translate.
1. Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
2.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
3.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
4.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
5.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
6.
Lat: __________________________________________________________
Eng: _________________________________________________________
NOMEN_____________________________Homework VII

p. 103 Word Study.
A. Write out the words 1-7. Give their meaning, and then write out their antonyms
1. _________________ ________________ _________________ ________________
2. _________________ ________________ _________________ ________________
3. _________________ ________________ _________________ ________________
4. _________________ ________________ _________________ ________________
5. _________________ ________________ _________________ ________________
6. _________________ ________________ _________________ ________________
7. _________________ ________________ _________________ ________________
B. Write out the analogies, using the words from Stage 25 Translate.
1. Latin: ___________: ____________: ___________: __________
Eng: ___________: ____________: ___________: __________
2. Latin: ___________: ____________: ___________: __________
Eng: ___________: ____________: ___________: __________
3. Latin: ___________: ____________: ___________: __________
Eng: ___________: ____________: ___________: __________
3. Latin: ___________: ____________: ___________: __________
Eng: ___________: ____________: ___________: __________
4. Latin: ___________: ____________: ___________: __________
Eng: ___________: ____________: ___________: __________
5. Latin: ___________: ____________: ___________: __________
Eng: ___________: ____________: ___________: __________ p. 103 Word Study
C. Write the English word. Put parentheses around the Latin root. Write the Latin word. Define the Eng. & Lat
English word with parentheses Latin word meaning of Latin word meaning of Eng. word
1. ____________________ _____________ ________________ ________________
2. ____________________ _____________ _______________
3. ____________________ _____________ ________________
________________
________________
4. ____________________ _____________ ________________
5. ____________________ _____________ ________________
6. ____________________ _____________ ________________
7. ____________________ _____________ ________________
8. ____________________ _____________ ________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
D. 1. What do the names of the cities of Lancaster, Rochester, and Worcester have in common?
Why? 2. Which doesn’t belong? a. ___________ b. _____________ c._________

NOMEN: _________________________ HOMEWORK VIII
READ: 97-102
1.
Give two characteristics of a mīles. Hoe long was his tour of duty?
2.
About how many men were in a legion?
3.
What two details about a recruit did an inquisitio have to confirm?
4.
What were 4 desirable characteristics of a recruit, according to Vegetius.
5.
Describe the training of a recruit.
6.
What did Vegetius advise as the best way to use a sword?
7.
Define: gladius, pugiō, scutum.
8.
What was a pilum? How long was it? What made it an effective weapon?
9.
List 6 items the legionary soldier wore.
10.
List 6 items the legionary soldier had to carry on marches.
11.
What did the legionary soldier do at the end of each day’s march?
12.
What did a fully trained soldier spend much of his time doing?
13.
List 8 peacetime duties of a soldier recorded in inscriptional evidence.
14.
What was the rate of pay during the reign of Domitian? List 4 deductions.
15.
How would a soldier’s life change if he wee promoted?
16.
What two things might a soldier receive on being discharged?
17.
What fighting skills did auxiliary troops have? Which was most important?
18.
What was the reward for an auxiliary soldier on being discharged?