Acids and their Anion Naming - When an acid dissociates in water and loses its H+ ‘s, an anion is left over. The top of the sheet gives the
summary of how prefixes and suffixes are used to explain the different formulas of different acids/anions.
H2CO3 (aq)  2 H+ (aq) + CO3-2 (aq)
carbonic acid  2 hydrogen ions + carbonate ion
Examples,
NOTE– –ic acid suffix goes with –ate anion suffix
HClO (aq)  H+ (aq) + ClO- (aq)
hypochlorous acid  hydrogen ion + hypochlorite ion
O’s: Here is the pattern for the # of oxygens,
But S & P acids/anions have 1 more O than name implies.
Acids
Anions
No O’s
hydro- -ic
-ide
1O
hypo-ous
hypo- -ite
2 O’s
-ous
-ite
3 O’s
-ic
-ate
4 O’s
per-ic
per-ate
NOTE– hypo- __-ous acid gives hypo- __-ite anion
H’s:
* All acids have 1 H, except
SUMMARY
* All acids follow O & H rules except
- C has 2 H’s
- S has 2 H’s and 1 more O than name implies
- P has 3 H’s and 1 more O than name implies
- C & S acids have 2 H’s
- P acids have 3 H’s
CH-OPS  Carbon has H’s unusual, also O’s with Phosphorous & Sulfur.
*Acid Name
*Anion Name
* Formulas
No O’s
Hydro- -ic
-ide
1O
Hypo--ous
Hypo- -ite
2 O’s
(S,P issues)
-ous
-ite
3 O’s
(S,P issues)
-ic
-ate
4 O’s
Per- -ic
Per- -ate
C
N
(H exception)
Carbonic Acid
Carbonate Ion
H2CO3 & CO32-
P
(H & O issues)
S
(H & O issues)
Cl
Br
I
F
Hydrobromic Acid
Bromide Ion
HBr (aq) & BrHypobromous Acid
Hypobromite Ion
HBrO & BrOBromous Acid
Bromite Ion
HBrO2 & BrO2-
Hydroiodic Acid
Iodide Ion
HI (aq) & I-
Hydrofluoric
Acid, HF (aq)
Fluoride Ion, F-
Nitrous Acid
Nitrite Ion
HNO2 & NO2-
Phosphorous Acid
Phosphite Ion
H3PO3 & PO33-
Sulfurous Acid
Sulfite Ion
H2SO3 & SO32-
Hydrochloric Acid
Chloride Ion
HCl (aq) & ClHypochlorous Acid
Hypochlorite Ion
HClO & ClOChlorous Acid
Chlorite Ion
HClO2 & ClO2-
Nitric Acid
Nitrate Ion
HNO3 & NO3-
Phosphoric Acid
Phosphate Ion
H3PO4 & PO43-
Sulfuric Acid
Sulfate Ion
H2SO4 & SO42-
Chloric Acid
Chlorate Ion
HClO3 & ClO3-
Bromic Acid
Bromate Ion
HBrO3 & BrO3-
Iodic Acid
Iodate Ion
HIO3 & IO3-
Perchloric Acid
Perhlorate Ion
HClO4 & ClO4-
Perbromic Acid
Perbromate Ion
HBrO4 & BrO4-
Periodic Acid
Periodate Ion
HIO4 & IO4-
Hypoiodous Acid
Hypoiodite Ion
HIO & IOIodous Acid
Iodite Ion
HIO2 & IO2-
STATES of acids – All acids are (aq), but note that HF, HCl, HBr, & HI can also be gases & then are named by ionic compound naming rules. EX) HCl (g) = hydrogen chloride.
Polyatomic & Unusual Ions AND Polyatomic Elements AND Compounds w/ Common Names
Ion
Name
Ion
Name
Ion
CrO42Chromate ion (basic soln)
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
OHHydroxide ion
2+
Cr
O
Dichromate
ion
(acid)
S8
H 3O
Hydronium ion
2 7
+
2H
Hydrogen ion
MnO4
P4
Manganate ion
HMnO4Hydride ion
Permanganate ion
PO43Phosphate ion
CNCyanide ion
N2H4
2HPO4
Hydrogen Phosphate ion
SCNThiocyanate ion
NO
H2PO4- Dihydrogen Phosphate ion
N2O
-2
2+
CO3
Carbonate ion
Hg2
Mercury (I) ion
H2O2
HCO3- Hydrogen Carbonate (Bicarbonate) ion
Hg2+
Mercury (II) ion
CH4
SO4-2
C2H2
Sulfate ion
HSO4- Hydrogen Sulfate (bisulfate) ion
CH3OH
+
Ag
Silver ion (no charge given)
C2H3O2 Acetate ion
HC2H3O2
Cd2+
Cadmium ( “ )
NH4+
NH3
Ammonium ion
Zn2+
Zinc ion ( “ )
PH3
Name
(Diatomic Elements)
Sulfur
phosphorous (red)
Hydrazine
nitric oxide
nitrous oxide
Hydrogen peroxide
Methane
Acetylene
Methanol
Acetic Acid
Ammonia
Phosphine
SALT - Any ionic compound except those containing hydroxide (OH-) or oxide (O2-).
HYDRATES = Hydrates are salts containing water molecules combined in a definite ratio as an integral part of the crystal.
* Formulas are written as salt formula · n H2O, where n is the number of water molecules per formula unit of salt. The n is usually a low integer.
* Names are salt name prefix-hydrate, where prefix = mono-, di-, tri-, … (like covalent names). Ex) CuSO4 * 5 H2O = copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate
Memorize all this however works for you.
* Flashcards may help.
* You can also practice online.
1) To practice acids and ions, at Brainscape.com create an account. Email me at wschultz@enfieldschools.org & tell me the email you
created the account with. I’ll add “Schultz Made Cards” to your Brainscape account.
2) To practice ionic compounds, go to my web page and there are links there.