Acids and their Anion Naming - When an acid dissociates in water and loses its H+ ‘s, an anion is left over. The top of the sheet gives the summary of how prefixes and suffixes are used to explain the different formulas of different acids/anions. H2CO3 (aq) 2 H+ (aq) + CO3-2 (aq) carbonic acid 2 hydrogen ions + carbonate ion Examples, NOTE– –ic acid suffix goes with –ate anion suffix HClO (aq) H+ (aq) + ClO- (aq) hypochlorous acid hydrogen ion + hypochlorite ion O’s: Here is the pattern for the # of oxygens, But S & P acids/anions have 1 more O than name implies. Acids Anions No O’s hydro- -ic -ide 1O hypo-ous hypo- -ite 2 O’s -ous -ite 3 O’s -ic -ate 4 O’s per-ic per-ate NOTE– hypo- __-ous acid gives hypo- __-ite anion H’s: * All acids have 1 H, except SUMMARY * All acids follow O & H rules except - C has 2 H’s - S has 2 H’s and 1 more O than name implies - P has 3 H’s and 1 more O than name implies - C & S acids have 2 H’s - P acids have 3 H’s CH-OPS Carbon has H’s unusual, also O’s with Phosphorous & Sulfur. *Acid Name *Anion Name * Formulas No O’s Hydro- -ic -ide 1O Hypo--ous Hypo- -ite 2 O’s (S,P issues) -ous -ite 3 O’s (S,P issues) -ic -ate 4 O’s Per- -ic Per- -ate C N (H exception) Carbonic Acid Carbonate Ion H2CO3 & CO32- P (H & O issues) S (H & O issues) Cl Br I F Hydrobromic Acid Bromide Ion HBr (aq) & BrHypobromous Acid Hypobromite Ion HBrO & BrOBromous Acid Bromite Ion HBrO2 & BrO2- Hydroiodic Acid Iodide Ion HI (aq) & I- Hydrofluoric Acid, HF (aq) Fluoride Ion, F- Nitrous Acid Nitrite Ion HNO2 & NO2- Phosphorous Acid Phosphite Ion H3PO3 & PO33- Sulfurous Acid Sulfite Ion H2SO3 & SO32- Hydrochloric Acid Chloride Ion HCl (aq) & ClHypochlorous Acid Hypochlorite Ion HClO & ClOChlorous Acid Chlorite Ion HClO2 & ClO2- Nitric Acid Nitrate Ion HNO3 & NO3- Phosphoric Acid Phosphate Ion H3PO4 & PO43- Sulfuric Acid Sulfate Ion H2SO4 & SO42- Chloric Acid Chlorate Ion HClO3 & ClO3- Bromic Acid Bromate Ion HBrO3 & BrO3- Iodic Acid Iodate Ion HIO3 & IO3- Perchloric Acid Perhlorate Ion HClO4 & ClO4- Perbromic Acid Perbromate Ion HBrO4 & BrO4- Periodic Acid Periodate Ion HIO4 & IO4- Hypoiodous Acid Hypoiodite Ion HIO & IOIodous Acid Iodite Ion HIO2 & IO2- STATES of acids – All acids are (aq), but note that HF, HCl, HBr, & HI can also be gases & then are named by ionic compound naming rules. EX) HCl (g) = hydrogen chloride. Polyatomic & Unusual Ions AND Polyatomic Elements AND Compounds w/ Common Names Ion Name Ion Name Ion CrO42Chromate ion (basic soln) H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 OHHydroxide ion 2+ Cr O Dichromate ion (acid) S8 H 3O Hydronium ion 2 7 + 2H Hydrogen ion MnO4 P4 Manganate ion HMnO4Hydride ion Permanganate ion PO43Phosphate ion CNCyanide ion N2H4 2HPO4 Hydrogen Phosphate ion SCNThiocyanate ion NO H2PO4- Dihydrogen Phosphate ion N2O -2 2+ CO3 Carbonate ion Hg2 Mercury (I) ion H2O2 HCO3- Hydrogen Carbonate (Bicarbonate) ion Hg2+ Mercury (II) ion CH4 SO4-2 C2H2 Sulfate ion HSO4- Hydrogen Sulfate (bisulfate) ion CH3OH + Ag Silver ion (no charge given) C2H3O2 Acetate ion HC2H3O2 Cd2+ Cadmium ( “ ) NH4+ NH3 Ammonium ion Zn2+ Zinc ion ( “ ) PH3 Name (Diatomic Elements) Sulfur phosphorous (red) Hydrazine nitric oxide nitrous oxide Hydrogen peroxide Methane Acetylene Methanol Acetic Acid Ammonia Phosphine SALT - Any ionic compound except those containing hydroxide (OH-) or oxide (O2-). HYDRATES = Hydrates are salts containing water molecules combined in a definite ratio as an integral part of the crystal. * Formulas are written as salt formula · n H2O, where n is the number of water molecules per formula unit of salt. The n is usually a low integer. * Names are salt name prefix-hydrate, where prefix = mono-, di-, tri-, … (like covalent names). Ex) CuSO4 * 5 H2O = copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Memorize all this however works for you. * Flashcards may help. * You can also practice online. 1) To practice acids and ions, at Brainscape.com create an account. Email me at wschultz@enfieldschools.org & tell me the email you created the account with. I’ll add “Schultz Made Cards” to your Brainscape account. 2) To practice ionic compounds, go to my web page and there are links there.