DNA Review (study guide)
1. A nucleotide is made of three parts: a ___________________ group, a sugar called __________________,
and a nitrogen _____________________
2. In a single strand of DNA, the phosphate group binds to the __________________ of the next group.
3. Base pairing rule states that the DNA of any species contains equal amounts of __________________ &
____________ and also equal amounts of __________________ & ____________________
4. Wilkins and Franklin studied the structure of DNA using _________________________.
5. In DNA, thymine is complementary to ________________ ; cytosine is complementary to _____________
6. In a strand of DNA, the percentage of thymine is 30 %. What is the percentage of cytosine in the same
DNA strand? _________________
8. Number the steps of DNA replication in the correct order (1, 2, 3)
_______New strands are formed using complementary base pairing.
______ DNA unwinds
______ The old strand and new strands winds together making a whole DNA molecule.
9. What enzyme unwinds are unzips the parent strand? ___________________
10. What enzyme glues the new DNA strand together? __________________________________________
11. The two sides of the DNA helix are held together by __________________________________________
12. Write out the complete name for DNA: __________________________________________
13. What is the matching strand of DNA to: ATA
CCG GAT GCT GCA GCT
_______________________________________
14. On the diagram:
Circle a nucleotide.
Label the sugar and phosphate.
Label the bases that are not already labeled
RNA and Protein Synthesis
DNA
RNA
PROTEIN
The Structure of RNA
RNA is another type of nucleic acid. Like DNA, it is made of a long chain of nucleotides.
However, there are 3 main differences between RNA and DNA. Fill in the differences between
RNA and DNA.
RNA
DNA
Types of RNA
There are 3 main types of RNA that help with making protein. Fill in the missing type of RNA and
functions.
Type of RNA
Function
Transcription
DNA
RNA
Transcription is the process of making an RNA strand that complements one side of the original DNA
strand. This happens inside the ______________ of a cell, where DNA is located. Fill in the
blanks to the steps of transcription:
The enzyme _________________________ is needed for the process of transcription. This
enzyme:
a) binds to regions of DNA known as ________________
b) separates DNA strands
c) attaches nucleotides to form a strand of __________
Finish the RNA strand that would complement the following DNA strand:
DNA strand
CGTACCGATTAG
mRNA strand
GCA
The Genetic Code
The mRNA strand is a code that’s read 3 nitrogen bases at a time. This set of 3 nitrogen bases is known
as a _____________. Each codon matches a specific _____________________.
Translation
RNA
Protein
Translation is the process of using the new mRNA as instructions to show which order the amino acids
should go in. This happens in the __________________ of the cell. The order of the amino
acids determines the type of protein that is made!
Fill in the description of translation below using the diagram above:
During the process of __________________, the cell uses information from (G)____________ to create
organic molecules called __________, which are long chains of amino acids.
All 3 types of RNA,
_______, ______, and ______ have specific roles in this process. Structure B/G, known as __________,
is important because it carries the DNA message from the (A)_____________ to the _______________.
There, the (G) _________ attaches to the surface of (C) ___________, which is made partly of the second
type of RNA, ___________. Thirdly, Structure D, also known as _________, is responsible for carrying
both the (E) _____________ and its specific amino acid. The two amino acids shown in this diagram are
_______________ and ____________. The amino acids bind with a ______________ bond and form a
_____________, the final product. Through this process cells create enzymes, produce antibodies, and
construct all of the molecules for which our genes code.