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1
In which diagram are the layers of Earth correctly labeled?
2
The map below indicates the possible location of some of Earth’s continents in the past.
Which evidence best supports the idea that the landmasses on Earth were once in these
positions?
(1) North America and India have matching mountain chains.
(2) Madagascar and India have similar shapes.
(3) Matching rock layers can be found in Africa and South America.
(4) Bedrock in Australia and Greenland have glacier scratches.
3
The chart below compares three types of rocks. The first column gives the rock
classification. Which heading best describes the information provided in the second
column?
Rock Classification
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
???
melting and solidification of
magma
mechanical, chamical, or organic
processes
heat and/or pressure
(1) Minerals in Rocks
(2) Method of Rock Formation
(3) The Value of Rocks
(4) The Time Rocks Take to Form
4
Earth’s weather is primarily caused by the
(1) drifting of Earth’s crustal plates
(2) gravitational attraction of the Moon
(3) uneven heating of Earth’s surface
(4) changing distance between Earth and the Sun
5
The graph below shows the solubility of two different chemical compounds.
Compared to copper sulfate, approximately how many more grams of potassium bromide
would dissolve at 90°C?
(1) 20
(2) 40
(3) 60
(4) 80
6
The diagram below shows a stationary cart on a frictionless surface. Two unequal
opposing forces are about to be applied to the cart.
If the unequal opposing forces are applied to the cart at the same time, what will occur?
(1) The cart will move to the left.
(2) The cart will move to the right.
(3) The cart will alternate between moving left and right.
(4) The cart will remain stationary.
7
Some common substances and their chemical formulas are listed in the chart below.
Substance
Carbonic acid
Oxygen
Hydrochloric acid
Carbon dioxide
Water
Helium
Formula
H2CO3
O2
HCl
CO2
H2O
HE
Which of these substances are elements?
(1) hydrochloric acid and carbonic acid
(2) carbon dioxide and water
(3) oxygen and helium
(4) water and oxygen
8
The diagram below shows Earth as seen from space. Letters A through D are locations on
Earth’s surface.
When Earth is in this position, which location would experience the greatest number of
daylight hours?
(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D
9
A substance has a freezing point of –38°C and a boiling point of 356°C. At what
temperature would this substance be in its liquid state?
(1) –100°C
(2) –50°C
(3) 80°C
(4) 375°C
10
The diagram below shows the steps necessary to produce the energy needed to run a hair
dryer.
As it moves from location A to location D in the diagram, the energy stored in the coal
(1) is converted to solar energy
(2) reduces the friction in the hair dryer
(3) is recycled
(4) is transformed
11
The map below shows some geologic features located near the west coast of the United
States.
The arrows on either side of the fault represent
(1) volcanic eruptions
(2) rock formations
(3) the relative movement of air masses
(4) the relative movement of tectonic plates
12
The illustration below shows an example of energy changing forms.
Which changes in energy form are illustrated in the diagram?
(1) electrical → sound → light and mechanical
(2) sound → mechanical → light and electrical
(3) mechanical → light → sound and electrical
(4) light → electrical → mechanical and sound
13
The diagram below shows some ways in which groundwater can be affected by humans.
Which statement is best supported by the diagram?
(1) Chemicals applied by farmers lower the level of pollution in drinking water.
(2) Drinking water can become polluted from unsuspected sources.
(3) Human activities do not affect groundwater.
(4) Toxic waste is safe if buried below the level of the basements of nearby homes.
14
The cartoon below shows a humorous view of a law of motion.
Which statement best summarizes the scientific concept shown in the cartoon?
(1) A falling body accelerates at a constant speed.
(2) The motion of an object is constantly changing due to magnetic forces.
(3) The force of friction causes an object in motion to move faster.
(4) A body in motion will remain in motion unless influenced by an outside force.
15
The pie chart below compares the amounts of energy from different sources used in the
United States each year.
Which two energy sources together provide more than 50% of the energy needs of the
United States?
(1) nuclear and natural gas
(2) hydropower and oil
(3) oil and coal
(4) natural gas and coal
16
A student goes skateboarding a few times a week. The student notices that she can go
faster while skating on some level surfaces than on others. She hypothesizes that speed
has something to do with the surface she is skating on. The student wants to design an
experiment to test this hypothesis.
a Identify the independent (manipulated) variable in the experiment. [1]
_____________________________________________________________________________
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b Identify the dependent (responding) variable in the experiment. [1]
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c Identify two factors that will need to be held constant in the experiment. [2]
(1)_____________________________________________________________________
(2) _____________________________________________________________________
Base your answers to the following questions on the Punnett square below, which shows
a cross between two tall pea plants (Tt × TT).
17
What percentage of the offspring will grow tall? [1]
_____________________________
18
According to the Punnett square, what is the probability of an offspring inheriting two tall
genes? (Express your answer as a fraction or percentage.) [1]
_______________________
19
Explain why both parent plants are tall, even though their genes for height are not exactly
the same. [1]
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Base your answers to the following questions on the diagrams below, which show a
system in a human and a system in a plant.
20
Select one structure labeled in the human system above and explain how it contributes to
the way the human system functions. [1]
Human Structure:
_________________________________________________________
Explanation:
_____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
21
Select one structure labeled in the plant system above and explain how it contributes to
the way the organism functions. [1]
Plant Structure: __________________________________________________________
Explanation: _____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
22
The diagram below illustrates a geranium leaf that has been partially covered with black
paper for three days.
When the black paper is removed, the area that was covered by the paper has turned
white. The white section of the leaf tests negative for the presence of sugar and the green
section tests positive for the presence of sugar. Explain why the white and green sections
of the leaf have different sugar test results. [2]
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23
The illustration below shows a solid metal ball and a ring before and after heat is applied
to the metal ball. Before heat is applied, the metal ball passes easily through the ring.
After heat is applied, the metal ball does not pass through the ring.
a What evidence shows that a physical change took place in the metal ball? [2]
_____________________________________________________________________________
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b Explain why heating the metal ball caused this physical change. [1]
_____________________________________________________________________________
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c Explain why this is not evidence of a chemical change. [1]
_____________________________________________________________________________
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Base your answers to the following questions on the diagram below. The diagram shows
the relative strengths of the gravitational force for planets of different masses. The size of
each planet represents the planet's relative mass. The arrow length indicates the relative
amount of gravitational pull that each planet would exert on an astronaut in space.
24
What is the relationship between the mass of the planets and the relative strength of their
gravitational pull? [1]
____________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________________________
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25
Which three planets shown have less gravitational pull than Earth? [1]
(1) ________________________________
(2) ________________________________
(3) ________________________________
26
The drawings on the top row of the chart below represent water in its three phases (solid,
liquid, and gas) in open containers. Complete this chart by filling in the answers that
correspond to the drawing at the top of each column and the question in each row. Make
sure you fill in an answer in every empty box.
Base your answers to the following questions on the diagram and information below.
A student made a rocket balloon using an inflated balloon, a straw, a long piece of string,
two poles, and some tape. It looked similar to the diagram below.
27
On the diagram above draw and label arrows to show the motion of the air and the motion
of the balloon that would occur when the student releases the inflated balloon. [2]
28
Why is marking the starting position important if the student wants to calculate the
average speed of the balloon? [1]
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29
How would taping a coin (adding mass) to the balloon affect the overall motion of the
balloon? [1]
____________________________________________________________________________
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30
If the string were extremely long, what would eventually happen to the motion of the
balloon? Explain why. [2]
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Base your answers to the following questions on the graph below, which shows average
yearly temperatures for Earth from 1900 to 1990.
31
Describe what happened to the average yearly temperature on Earth from 1970 to 1990.
Give one possible reason why this change occurred. [2]
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32
What was the lowest average yearly temperature in the period of time shown? [1]
______________________oF
33
In which 10-year time interval did the average yearly temperature show both an increase
and a decrease? [1]
Circle the correct answer.
1915–1925
1925–1935
1945–1955
1975–1985
Base your answers to the following questions on the information and on the diagram
below.
A student set up the experiment below to learn about plant growth. The student added a
different amount of water to four identical containers, each containing four seeds in 100
cubic centimeters of soil. All of the containers were placed in the same sunny location.
34
State a hypothesis being tested in this experiment. [1]
____________________________________________________________________________
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35
a Identify one variable that is being held constant in this experiment. [1]
____________________________________________________________________________
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b Explain why this variable needs to be held constant. [1]
____________________________________________________________________________
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Base your answers to the following questions on the information and chart below.
The chart below shows temperature readings recorded every minute while a substance
was being heated at a constant rate. The material was a solid before heating and a hot
liquid after 7 minutes of heating.
Time (min)
Temp (ºC)
0
22
1
35
2
53
3
53
4
53
5
53
6
58
7
65
36
Construct a line graph on the grid provided by following the steps below:
a Use an X to plot the temperature at each time shown on the chart. [2]
b Connect the Xs with a solid line. [1]
37
Based on the data, at what temperature did a phase change take place? [1]
Circle the correct answer:
35°C
53°C
58°C
65°C
38
Was energy absorbed or released by the material during the phase change from a solid to
a liquid? [1]
Circle the correct answer:
absorbed
released
39
What would be an appropriate title for this graph? [1]
40
The motion of a Foucault pendulum provides evidence of
(1) the Sun’s rotation
(2) the Sun’s revolution
(3) Earth’s rotation
(4) Earth’s revolution
41
Which form of electromagnetic radiation has a wavelength of 1.0 × 10 –3 centimeter?
(1) ultraviolet
(2) infrared
(3) radio waves
(4) microwaves
42
On June 21, where will the Sun appear to rise for an observer located in New York State?
(1) due west
(2) due east
(3) north of due east
(4) south of due east
43
Which sequence correctly shows the relative size of the nine planets of our solar system?
44
The graph below shows changes in the atmosphere occurring above typical air-mass
source regions A, B, C, and D. Changes in air temperature and altitude are shown as the
graphed lines. Changes in water-vapor content, in grams of vapor per kilogram of air, are
shown as numbers on each graphed line.
Which list best identifies each air-mass source region?
(1) A — cT, B — cP, C — mP, D — mT
(2) A — cP, B — mP, C — mT, D — cT
(3) A — mP, B — mT, C — cT, D — cP
(4) A — mT, B — cT, C — cP, D — mP
45
Surface winds on Earth are primarily caused by differences in
(1) air density due to unequal heating of Earth’s surface
(2) ocean wave heights during the tidal cycle
(3) rotational speeds of Earth’s surface at various latitudes
(4) distances from the Sun during the year
46
During a dry summer, the flow of most large New York State streams generally
(1) continues because some groundwater seeps into the streams
(2) increases due to greater surface runoff
(3) remains unchanged due to transpiration from grasses, shrubs, and trees
(4) stops completely because no water runs off into the streams
47
The density of Earth’s crust is
(1) less than the density of the outer core but greater than the density of the mantle
(2) greater than the density of the outer core but less than the density of the mantle
(3) less than the density of both the outer core and the mantle
(4) greater than the density of both the outer core and the mantle
48
Which map best represents the direction of surface winds associated with the high- and
low-pressure systems?
49
The picture below shows a geological feature in the Kalahari Desert of southwestern
Africa.
Which process most likely produced the present appearance of this feature?
(1) wind erosion
(2) volcanic eruption
(3) earthquake vibrations
(4) plate tectonics
50
Which group of organisms, some of which were preserved as fossils in early Paleozoic
rocks, are still in existence today?
(1) brachiopods
(2) eurypterids
(3) graptolites
(4) trilobites
51
The diagram below shows the shadow cast by a telephone pole on March 21 at solar noon
at a location in New York State.
Which shadow was cast by the same telephone pole on June 21 at solar noon?
52
Which two New York State landscape regions are formed mostly of surface bedrock that is
approximately the same geologic age?
(1) Manhattan Prong and Atlantic Coastal Plain
(2) Erie-Ontario Lowlands and Adirondack Mountains
(3) Adirondack Mountains and Allegheny Plateau
(4) Tug Hill Plateau and St. Lawrence Lowlands
53
The photograph below shows deformed rock structure found on Earth’s surface.
Deformed rock structure like this is most often caused by
(1) crustal plate collisions
(2) deposition of sediments
(3) extrusion of magma
(4) glacial movement
54
The seismogram below shows the time that an earthquake P-wave arrived at a seismic
station in Albany, New York.
If the earthquake occurred at exactly 10:00 p.m., approximately how far from the
earthquake epicenter was Albany, New York?
(1) 1,900 km
(2) 3,200 km
(3) 4,000 km
(4) 5,200 km
55
On each topographic map below, the straight-line distance from point A to point B is 5
kilometers. Which topographic map shows the steepest gradient between A and B?
Directions: In this part of the test, you are going to read a story called "The Man Who Could See Elephants." You will
answer questions and write about what you have read. You may look back at the story as often as you like.
The Man Who
Could See
Elephants
by Vashanti Rahaman
Deep in the mountains, near an out-of-the-way village, there was an abandoned stone
quarry. And near that quarry lived an old man who could carve the most extraordinary
elephants out of stone.
People from all over the world came to that out-of-the-way village deep in the mountains
to buy the old man’s elephants. Museums put his work on display for everyone to see.
Many sculptors tried to carve elephants as extraordinary as the ones made by the old
man, but they could not. His elephants were too powerful and gentle and wise and solemn
and joyous all at once. No one else could make elephants quite like his.
One winter a young sculptor came to see the old man. "Please," he said, "could you show
me how to carve elephants?"
"My boy," said the old man, "I cannot show you how to carve elephants. I can only show
you how to carve stone."
The young man was disappointed. He thought he already knew how to carve stone. But he
had traveled far to learn from the old man, so he said, "Very well, teach me how to carve
stone."
For many months, he went to the quarry early every morning with the old man. They spent
the whole day there, hammering and chiseling away at the stone.
Slowly the days went by. The ice melted on the quarry ponds. The pussy willows bloomed.
The birds came back from their winter homes. Children came to play hide-and-seek among
the rocks and to hunt for tadpoles and limpets and dragonfly nymphs in the shallow
pools.
And the young man learned that there was much he had not known about carving stone.
Finally, one evening, as bright autumn leaves danced in the breeze, the old man said,
"You have learned well, my boy. You can cut and carve and polish as well as I. There is no
more for me to teach you."
"But there is more for me to learn," said the young man, who still could not carve
elephants. "Let me watch you for one more season."
So while the winter wind howled around the chimney and the ice covered the quarry
ponds once more, the old man and the young man worked in a shed behind the old man’s
cottage. Scattered around the room were blocks of stone that they had brought from the
quarry. For hours sometimes, the old man would just look at the stone.
"What are you doing?" asked the young man.
"I am looking for the elephants," said the old man. "There is one, and there is one, and
there is one," he said, pointing to three blocks of stone.
The young man looked and looked and looked, but all he saw were blocks of stone.
"Where are the elephants?" he asked.
"Can you not see them?" asked the old man. "They are in the stone. You see, I do not
carve elephants. I only carve stone."
"What do you mean?" asked the young man.
"I mean that I look for the elephants in the stone. When I can see them well, I carve away
the stone to set the elephants free. Then everyone can see them. Can you see nothing at
all in those three blocks of stone?"
The young man looked and looked again. "No," he said at last, "I see nothing in those
three. But I see something in that large one you set by the door."
"Are you sure?" asked the old man, shaking his head sadly. "There is no elephant in that
block of stone."
The young man smiled. "I do not see an elephant," he said. "In that block of stone I see a
tiger."
And picking up his tools, the young sculptor went to work to set the tiger free.
Purple Snake
by Pat Mora
"It's in there, sleeping,"
Don Luis says and winks.
He knows I want to feel
the animal asleep in a piece of wood,
like he does,
turning it this way and that,
listening.
Slowly he strokes the wood,
rough and wrinkled like his hands.
He begins to carve his way,
"Mira. Its head, its scales, its tail."
Don Luis rubs and strokes
the animal before he paints
its eyes open.
When the paint dries,
I place the purple snake
by the green bull and red frog
that Don Luis found asleep
in a piece of wood.
Mira = look
56
Complete the chart below to describe the main problem the young man has and how his
problem is resolved. Use details from the story "The Man Who Could See Elephants" to
support your answer.
The young man's main problem
How the young man's problem is resolved
57
Circle the word below that you think best describes the young man in "The Man Who
Could See Elephants."
determined
curious
clever
Explain your choice using details from the story.
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58
Read this line from the poem "Purple Snake."
"It's in there, sleeping,"
Explain what this line means in the context of the poem. Use details from the poem to
support your answer.
_________________________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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59
Write an essay in which you describe the attitude of Don Luis in "Purple Snake" and the
attitude of the old man in "The Man Who Could See Elephants" toward the creation of art.
Explain how their attitudes are similar. Use details from both the story and the poem to
support your answer.
In your answer, be sure to include
• a description of the attitude of each sculptor
• an explanation of how their attitudes are similar
• details from both the story and the poem to support your answer
Check your writing for correct spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
60
Young frogs do not resemble adult frogs. Which term is given to this pattern of
development in frogs?
(1) asexual reproduction
(2) cloning
(3) metamorphosis
(4) biological adaptation
61
The streaks in the time-lapse photograph below show the apparent motion of the stars
around the North Star during one hour.
This apparent motion of the stars can best be explained by Earth’s
(1) rotation on its axis
(2) tilted axis
(3) revolution around the North Star
(4) changing distance from the North Star
62
In addition to oxygen, which gases make up the largest percentage of Earth’s
atmosphere?
(1) hydrogen, helium, and water vapor
(2) hydrogen, methane, and ozone
(3) carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen
(4) carbon dioxide, methane, and helium
63
The diagram below shows a method for determining a physical property of a mineral. The
results are shown for two minerals, galena and calcite.
Which property of the galena and calcite is indicated by the color of the powder each
leaves on the ceramic tile?
(1) streak
(2) hardness
(3) reaction to an acid
(4) reaction to a solvent
64
The wheels and gears of a machine are greased in order to decrease
(1) potential energy
(2) efficiency
(3) output
(4) friction
65
Weather forecasts are more accurate today than in the past due to
(1) global warming
(2) air-quality control
(3) plate tectonics
(4) use of images from space
66
The diagram below shows tilted rock layers. The dashed lines represent missing parts of
the rock layers.
Which process is most likely responsible for the removal of the missing parts of the rock
layers?
(1) erosion
(2) deposition
(3) earthquakes
(4) faulting
Base your answers to the following questions on the diagram below, which shows a
model of Earth’s interior.
67
What information did scientists study in order to develop this model?
(1) recordings of earthquake waves
(2) locations of recent volcanic activity
(3) core samples from seafloor drillings
(4) fossils found in rocks
68
Many scientists believe that crustal plate movement occurs because of convection cells
contained in Earth’s
(1) crust
(2) mantle
(3) outer core
(4) inner core
69
Rocks are classified as igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary according to
(1) their color
(2) their shape
(3) how they formed
(4) the minerals they contain
70
Sand and iron particles that are similar in size and color are mixed together in a beaker.
What would be the best method of separating the particles?
(1) Use tweezers to separate them.
(2) Use a magnet to separate them.
(3) Add water to the mixture.
(4) Pour the mixture into a filter.
71
Which action forms a different chemical substance?
(1) crushing a rock
(2) burning a piece of wood
(3) mixing salt and pepper
(4) melting an ice cube
72
The diagram below shows the geometric structure of a molecule of water (H 2O).
What do the symbols
and
represent in the model?
(1) genetic material
(2) chemical bonds
(3) cells
(4) atoms
Base your answers to the following questions on the weather map below, which shows a
typical low-pressure system located over part of North America in May. The numbers on
the map indicate the air temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.
73
The fronts shown on the weather map are best described as
(1) boundaries between different air masses
(2) boundaries between different wind belts
(3) areas experiencing clear skies with light winds
(4) areas experiencing extremely warm air temperatures
74
The symbol (- - - - - - ->) shown on the map best represents
(1) the probable direction of storm movement for the next 12 hours
(2) ocean currents moving the storm system toward the east
(3) convection currents associated with the storm system
(4) the beginning location of the storm system
75
The data table below shows the mass of an 800-gram block of ice as it melts to a 600-gram
block of ice.
Data Table
Time
(minutes)
Mass of Block of Ice
(grams)
0
15
30
45
60
800
750
700
650
600
If the current rate of melting continues, how many more minutes will be required for the
600-gram block of ice to reach a mass of 400 grams?
(1) 15
(2) 30
(3) 45
(4) 60
76
The diagrams below show a natural process that weathers rock.
Which statement best explains why this process results in weathering?
(1) Frozen water acts as a solute.
(2) Water expands when it freezes.
(3) The mass of water increases when it freezes.
(4) Frozen water dissolves most types of rocks.
77
Which graph shows that more grams of a substance can be dissolved in water as the
water temperature increases?
78
Which instrument could be used to determine the volume of an irregularly shaped solid?
79
In humans, a fertilized egg contains 46 chromosomes. Which bar graph best represents
the number of chromosomes contained in the sperm and egg before they united to make
the fertilized egg?
80
Although change in multicellular species usually takes thousands of years, some species
of bacteria undergo major changes in just a few years. One reason for this difference is
that these bacteria
(1) are microscopic
(2) do not contain DNA
(3) reproduce very quickly
(4) cause infectious diseases
81
Competition is most likely to occur between which two organisms?
(1) deer and butterflies
(2) owls and bacteria
(3) goldfish and rabbits
(4) grass and strawberry plants
82
Many cells have a nucleus that contains chromosomes. These chromosomes carry genes
that are composed of
(1) hormones
(2) DNA molecules
(3) minerals and water
(4) undigested food molecules
83
The diagram below shows a human arm bending at the elbow.
Which two body systems most directly cause the arm to bend?
(1) skeletal and muscular
(2) reproductive and endocrine
(3) respiratory and excretory
(4) nervous and digestive
84
The illustration below traces the development of the corgi dog over several generations as
a result of human activity.
This is an example of the human activity called
(1) mutation
(2) genetic engineering
(3) selective breeding
(4) natural selection
85
The graph below shows the number of known species in the five kingdoms of living
things.
Based on the graph, which kingdom contains approximately twice as many known species
as the Protista Kingdom?
(1) Animalia
(2) Plantae
(3) Fungi
(4) Monera
Base your answers to the following questions on the diagram below and on your
knowledge of science. The diagram shows a model of human inheritance.
86
What is this model used to determine?
(1) the possibility of having twins
(2) the probability of a trait being passed on
(3) the rate of mutation
(4) the production of sex cells
87
What is the genetic makeup of the parents?
(1) AA and aa
(2) Aa and Aa
(3) AA and AA
(4) aa and aa
88
Why will Aa individuals have a straight hairline rather than a peaked hairline?
(1) The peaked hairline occurs only in females.
(2) The peaked hairline is a mutation.
(3) The straight hairline is recessive.
(4) The straight hairline is dominant.
89
Note that this question has only three choices.
Some microorganisms cause human disease. Other microorganisms are used in making
cheese, yogurt, and bread. Based on this information, the relationship between humans
and microorganisms can be
(1) beneficial, only
(2) harmful, only
(3) beneficial or harmful
90
The diagram below shows the head structure of four different birds.
The birds’ beaks show how the birds
(1) compete for the same food in their community
(2) require different amounts of food for survival
(3) store food for the winter months
(4) are adapted to get food from different sources
91
The diagrams below show changes in a natural community over a period of 200 years.
Which process is illustrated in the diagrams?
(1) ozone depletion
(2) global warming
(3) recycling resources
(4) ecological succession
Base your answers to the following questions on the diagram below and on your
knowledge of science. The diagram shows four stages in the development of a human
after fertilization.
92
Between stages A and D, which process must occur?
(1) mutation
(2) sexual reproduction
(3) cell division
(4) extinction
93
Which sequence of development is correct?
(1) fertilized egg → tissues → organ systems → organs
(2) fertilized egg → organ systems → organs → tissues
(3) fertilized egg → organs → tissues → organ systems
(4) fertilized egg → tissues → organs → organ systems
94
A student wanted to study the amount of mold growing on pizza at different temperatures.
In the experiment, the student set up four identical pans of pizza. Each pan contained the
same amount of pizza. The temperatures and light conditions are shown in the data table
below.
Data Table
Variables
Pan 1
Pan 2
Pan 3
Pan 4
Temperature
-10ºC
0ºC
15ºC
30ºC
Light conditions
kept in
darkness
kept in bright
light
kept in
darkness
kept in bright
light
One error made in setting up the experiment was that the four pans of pizza
(1) were at different temperatures
(2) were different sizes
(3) had different ingredients
(4) received different amounts of light
Base your answers to the following questions on the table below and on your knowledge
of science. The table shows the location of Hurricane Betsy at 1:00 a.m. on several dates
in 1965.
Location of Hurricane Betsy August 29 - September 10, 1965
Location at 1:00 a.m.
Date
Latitude
Longitude
August 29
17º C
63º W
30
22º N
65º W
31
23º N
66º W
September 1
22º N
67º W
2
23º N
69º W
3
25º N
72º W
4
27º N
75º W
5
29º N
75º W
6
28º N
76º W
7
26º N
77º W
8
25º N
80º W
9
26º N
85º W
10
30º N
91º W
Source: Adapted from The Weather Underground, Inc., “Weather Underground: 1965 Hurricane Archive,”
http:\\wunderground.com/Hurricane/at 196503.asp (9/27/02)
95
The locations for August 29 through September 5 have been plotted on the hurricane
tracking chart on page 15. Plot the five remaining locations of Hurricane Betsy shown on
the data table by following the directions below.
a. Place an X for each remaining location of Hurricane Betsy from September 6 through
September 10. [1]
b. Label each X with the appropriate date. [1]
c. Connect the Xs using straight lines to show the continuing path of Hurricane Betsy. [1]
96
The United States Weather Bureau issued hurricane warnings before Hurricane Betsy
moved over land areas. State two actions that the United States Weather Bureau most
likely advised coastal residents to take to prepare for Hurricane Betsy. [2]
(1) ______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
(2) ______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
97
A student made this entry in her laboratory notebook:
5/5/2005
We are doing an experiment to determine if the size of soil particles affects the
amount of water that flows through soil. We poured 100 milliliters (mL) of water
through four different types of soil. The equipment is shown below.
We got the following results: With gray soil, the average particle size was 2.0
millimeters (mm) and 80 mL of water flowed through. We then used tan soil. Its
average particle size was 0.5 mm and 40 mL of water flowed through. With brown
soil, 60 mL of water flowed through. Brown soil has an average particle size of 1.5
mm. In our last trial we used black soil. It has an average particle size of 1.0 mm
and 50 mL of water flowed through.
a. Using the data table below, organize the results to show the average particle size and
the amount of water that flowed through for each type of soil. Be sure to include column
headings, data, and units in the table. [3]
Data Table
Solid
Color
gray
brown
black
tan
b. What is the dependent (responding) variable in this experiment? [1]
_______________________________________
c. What conclusion can be drawn from the data that the students collected? [1]
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Base your answers to the following questions on the contour map below and on your
knowledge of science. The map shows a portion of an island. The elevations shown on the
island are in meters (m).
98
What is the elevation of point X? [1]
___________ m
99
Explain how the contour lines shown on the map can be used to determine which area of
the island has the steepest slope. [1]
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
100
On the map above, shade in the entire area of the island that would be under water if the
ocean level rose 40 meters. [1]
Base your answers to the following questions on the information below and on your
knowledge of science. The diagram shows a person observing a thunderstorm located
several kilometers away. The person hears the thunder several seconds after seeing the
lightning.
101
Identify a form of energy, other than light and sound, that is often present during a
thunderstorm. [1]
____________________________________
102
Explain how sound travels through the air to the observer. [ 1]
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Base your answers to the following questions on the diagram below and on your
knowledge of science. The diagram shows the Sun, Earth, and the Moon as seen from a
point in space far above Earth’s North Pole. The shaded areas represent darkness. Point X
represents a location on Earth’s surface.
103
From Earth, an observer can view the phases of the Moon over time.
a. Circle the phase of the Moon that an observer at X would see when the Sun, Earth,
and the Moon are in the positions shown in the diagram above. Assume there is no
eclipse at that time. [1]
b.
Approximately how long would it be until the Moon is in this phase again? [1]
________________________________________
104
Identify one force that keeps Earth in orbit around the Sun. [1]
________________________________________
105
How long does it take for Earth to make one revolution around the Sun? [1]
________________________________________
Base your answers to the following questions on the diagram below and on your
knowledge of science. The diagram shows a set of materials that a science teacher used
to demonstrate motion. The rubber band has been stretched with a string that has been
tied to the nail. A weight is resting on the platform. The platform is resting on several
round pencils on a tabletop.
106
On the diagram above, draw an arrow to represent the direction the wooden platform will
move when the lit match burns through the string and the weight is propelled from the
platform. [1]
107
The table below lists four changes to the materials in the diagram. Will the changes cause
the distance the wooden platform moves to decrease, increase, or remain the same? For
each change in the left column, circle your answer in the right column. [3]
Change to Materials
Effect this Change Will Have on the
Distance the Wooden Platform Moves
Shorten the string to stretch the rubber band.
decrease
increase
remain the same
Use a wooden platform that has a greater
mass.
decrease
increase
remain the same
Remove the pencils from under the wooden
platform.
decrease
increase
remain the same
Use scissors to cut the string instead of
burning it with a match.
decrease
increase
remain the same
Base your answers to the following questions on the information and cross section below
and on your knowledge of science.
Icebergs
Floating pieces of glacial ice are called icebergs. Huge pieces of glacial ice near a coast
may break off and fall into the ocean, as shown in the cross section below. Only about
one-tenth of the total iceberg is visible above the surface of the water.
108
Explain why an iceberg floats in the ocean. [1]
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
109
Describe one change in the environment that would occur if all the glaciers on Earth
melted. [1]
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
110
The diagram below shows an activity performed by a student in a classroom.
Complete the chart below by identifying one phase change that is occurring at each
location. [2]
Location
Phase Change Occurring
Pan A
Pan B
Base your answers to the following questions on the diagram below and on your
knowledge of science. The diagram shows the Sun and a green plant.
111
Identify one labeled part of the plant that carries on photosynthesis. [1]
________________________________________
112
In addition to sunlight and chlorophyll, what are the two materials that a plant needs to
carry on photosynthesis? [2]
(1) ______________________________________
(2) ______________________________________
113
Identify one product that results from the process of photosynthesis. [1]
_______________________________________
Base your answers to the following questions on the reading passage and diagram below
and on your knowledge of science.
Preserved in Amber
Sap is a substance secreted by some trees. Many years ago, plants and small animals
were caught in the sap on the trees. Sap hardens and turns into a clear substance called
amber. The plants or animals are preserved as fossils in the amber. Part of a plant
preserved in amber is shown below.
114
Explain why fossils are important to scientists. [1]
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
115
Explain why plant fossils found in amber, such as the one shown, are not usually found
in volcanic rocks. [1]
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Base your answers to the following questions on the diagram below and on your
knowledge of science. The diagram represents an ecosystem.
116
Circle the symbol below that shows a community in this model. [1]
117
What is the source of energy for this ecosystem? [1]
__________________________________________
118
Describe how removing the grass would affect the other living things in this ecosystem.
[1]
_________________________________________________________________
119
The diagram below shows a one-celled organism reproducing.
This is an example of asexual reproduction. What information in the diagram supports this
statement? [1]
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
120
Running to escape danger is an action that requires the nervous system
to coordinate the interaction of which two body systems?
(1) digestive and endocrine
(2) muscular and skeletal
(3) reproductive and excretory
(4) circulatory and digestive
121
Which system produces most of the hormones in the human body?
(1) circulatory
(2) digestive
(3) endocrine
(4) respiratory
122
Each body cell of a goldfish contains 94 chromosomes.
How many chromosomes are contained in a goldfish sex cell?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
23
47
94
188
123
Which unit is used to express the amount of energy in food?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Calorie
degree Celsius
milliliter
gram
124
The drawing below represents a pair of chromosomes.
The area labeled "bands" shows the location of
(1) egg cells
(2) sperm cells
(3) reproductive hormones
(4) specific genes
125
Many cars today are designed to get better gas mileage than those made in the
past. This change resulted from a need to
(1) recycle materials
(2) improve safety
(3) produce chemicals
(4) conserve resources
126
A scientist crosses two different varieties of corn to produce a single variety
that has traits from both parents. This technique is an example of
(1) competition
(2) natural selection
(3) selective breeding
(4) ecological succession
127
Which event is the best example of competition between species in a pond environment?
(1) dragonflies landing on lily pads
(2) frogs and toads eating flies
(3) lizards and snakes lying in the sun
(4) hawks eating mice
128
The diagram below shows a cross section of a bean seed.
The function of part X in the bean seed is to
(1) provide protection for the embryo
(2) provide nutrients for the embryo
(3) prevent mutations in the plant
(4) fight off infections in the plant
129
A broken bone heals through the process of
(1) adaptation
(2) mutation
(3) cell division
(4) chemical digestion
130
Which substance do all living things require to survive?
(1) blood
(2) water
(3) carbon dioxide
(4) organic soil
131
What advantage does a species that reproduces sexually have over a species
that reproduces asexually?
(1) There is greater variation among the offspring.
(2) The offspring are identical to the parents.
(3) Only one parent is necessary for reproduction.
(4) No sex cells are needed for reproduction.
132
What are produced in both the male and female reproductive systems in humans?
(1) sperm
(2) nutrients
(3) fertilized eggs
(4) sex cells
133
Which life process is shown by the equation below?
(1) circulation
(2) reproduction
(3) locomotion
(4) respiration
134
Which process is shown in the diagram below?
(1) evolution
(2) migration
(3) photosynthesis
(4) metamorphosis
135
Which information would probably be most helpful to someone trying to identify
a mineral sample?
(1) location and mass of the sample
(2) shape and texture of the sample
(3) hardness and streak of the sample
(4) color and size of the sample
136
In which type of rock is the fossil imprint of a fern leaf most likely to be found?
(1) igneous
(2) metamorphic
(3) sedimentary
(4) volcanic
137
Studies of earthquake waves have helped scientists determine the
(1) structure of Earth's interior
(2) depth of the oceans
(3) cause of dinosaur extinction
(4) age of Earth
138
An object accelerates at 3 meters per second2 when a 10-newton (N) force is applied to it.
Which force would cause this object to accelerate at 6 meters per second 2?
(1) 5 N
(2) 10 N
(3) 20 N
(4) 30 N
139
Which statement would most likely be included in a news report about an approaching
hurricane?
(1) Open the windows to equalize air pressure.
(2) Install snow tires and check the antifreeze in the car radiator.
(3) Evacuate low-lying areas near the coast.
(4) Expect wind speed to decrease for the next several hours.