CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Design
Research is the formal systematic application of the scientific method to
the study of comprehending the problem; educational research is the formal
systematic application of the scientific method to the study of educational
problem, Gay (1992:7). A research design is a plan for collecting and analyzing
data in order to answer questions. Ary Donald (1985) explained that research
method refers to the general strategy followed in gathering and analyzing the data,
Donald.
In this research the writer uses qualitative approach. The important of
characteristics of the qualitative approach are, Nyoman (2009:47-48):
a. Giving special attention at meaning and message, with suitable object that is as
study cultural.
b. Give a priority to the processing than with a result of research so that the
meaning always change.
c. Design and the research plan is tentative research because the characteristic of
research is opened.
d. The research is scientific, it happens in social cultural and context.
e. There no distance between subject researchers with the research object, subject
researcher as the primary instrument, so there is a direct interaction between
other.
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This research is designed to identify some figurative language by
understanding the general meaning when they are used in the lyrics of songs.
The procedures of the research are:
a. The technique of descriptive analysis offered to analyze data by the reading the
data.
b. Identifying the figurative languages used in the lyrics of song.
c. Categorize the data into some kinds of figurative languages.
d. The researcher studies the general meaning of figurative language by
identifying the lexical meaning and contextual meaning.
Based on the explanation above, this study uses qualitative approach to
describe the kinds, messages and the general meaning of figurative language used
in Westlife songs lyric. In line with the description above, the design of this
research is categorized into semantic content analysis. Content Analysis in literary
work relies on three important assumptions of literary works. The first is
objectivity. It is gone through theoretical building in the form of reliable construct
analysis. The second is systematic; to be systematic has to exploit clear methods
and steps. Meanwhile, the third is generalization. It is based on the context of
literary works totally to get the inferences, Suwardi (2004:162).
B. Data Source
Data are information, evidence gathered trough experimentation or studies
which can analyzed. The data are classified into two part, they are;
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1. Primary data source
“Primary data are origin document, relics, remains, or articles, or
direct
data
which
correlate
with
the
object”,
http://enwikipedia.org/wiki/primary_and_secondary_data accessed 20 June
2011.
1) Geofferey Leech, SEMANTICS.
2) Charles W. Kreidler, Introducing English Semantics.
3) Ruth M. Kempson, SEMANTIC THEORY.
4) D Pareja, theory semantics 2nd edition.
5) John Lyons, Linguistic Semantics: An introduction
6) Ary, Donald. Introduction to Research in Education
7) Sukardi.Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan
8) Lyrics Westlife’s selected songs
2. Secondary data source
Secondary data is data got from the other resources or results report
from other person and supporting the primary data. The writer got secondary
data from some lecture and internet focused about the lyrics of Westlife songs.
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C. Subjects of the Study
The subjects of this study are the selected lyrics of Westlife song. The
writer chooses to analysis the ideas
D. Research Instrument and Technique of Data Collection
According to the qualitative research, human is the best instrument for
grasping the meaning people gives the events in their lives. The reason is that
human is the only instrument with sufficient adaptability to encompass and adjust
to the variety of realities that will be encountered when doing qualitative research
in natural meaning. Here the researcher using the documentation method.
In qualitative research, the researcher is the primary instrument to gather
the data. In this study the researcher is the main instrument in collecting the
required data by applying the theories, interpreting the data based on the general
meaning with semantically and contextually of the song lyrics, interpreting the
data based on the way of Westlife expresses figurative language and the last
making conclusion based on data analysis.
E. Data Analysis
Data analysis is the process of systematically searching and arranging the
field note, interview transcripts, and other materials that the researcher accumulate
to increase his own understanding. According to Gay, data analysis usually
involves application of one or more statistical technique. Data are analyzed in the
way that permits the researcher to test the research hypothesis or answer the
research question, Gay (1995: 8).
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The procedure of data analysis can be drawn as follows:
1. Applying the theories related to the problems and anything needed based on
the purpose of the study.
2. Interpreting the data based on the way of Westlife expresses figurative
language.
3. Interpreting the data based on the general meaning, and the message.
4. Making the conclusion.