MODULE № 3
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Sources of energy and ways of using it in the human organism.
Methods of determination of the human's power expenditures. Respiratory
coefficient.
Basic exchange and conditions of it's determination, factors, that have an
influence on it's gradient.
Working exchange, it's determination and value.
Temperature of the body and its daily allowance fluctionations.
Physiological value of homoiothermy. The center of thermoregulation,
termoreceptors.
The formation of heat in the organism, it’s regulation.
Heat emission in the organism, it’s regulation.
the regulation of constancy of body temperature at different conditions of
environment.
Physiological bases of training.
General description of the digestive system. Digestion in oral cavity.
Chewing, swallowing.
Composition of saliva., its role in digestion.
Mechanisms of formation of saliva, primary and second saliva.
Regulation of salivation. Influence of properties of irritator on an amount and
quality of saliva.
Methods of research of stomach’s secretory function. Composition and
properties of gastric juice. Mechanisms of secretion of HC1 acid.
Difficultly-reflex (“cephalical”) phase of regulation of gastric secretion.
Neurohumoral (“stomach and intestinal”) phase of regulation of gastric
secretion. Enteral stimulators and inhibitors of gastric secretion.
Nervous and humoral mechanisms of inhibition of gastric secretion.
Motive function of stomach and its regulation. Mechanisms of transition of
gastric content into duodenum.
Methods of research of secretion of pancreatic juice of man. Composition and
properties of pancreatic juice.
Phases of regulation of secretory function of pancreas.
Methods of research of cholepoiesis for human. Composition and properties
of bile.
Regulation of formation and selection of bile. Mechanisms of bile admission
into duodenum.
Composition and properties of intestinal juice. Regulation of its secretion.
Cavitary and diaphragmal digestion.
25. Absorbtion in digestive channel. Mechanisms of absorbtion of sodium ions,
water, carbohydrates, albumens, fats.
26. Motive function of bowels, types of reductions, its regulation.
27. Physiological mechanisms of hunger and satiation.
28. General description of the discharge system. Role of kidneys in the processes
of discharge. Features of blood circulation of kidneys.
29. Mechanisms of uropoesis. Filtration in balls and factors which it depends on.
30. Reabsorbtion and secretion is in nefron, its physiological mechanisms
31. Regulation of reabsorbtion of ions of sodium and water is in tubules of
nefrons.
32. Mechanisms of thirst.
33. A role of kidneys in providing of constancy of the acid-basic state of blood.
34. Urination and its regulation.
35. Concept of the sensory systems (analyzers on I.P.Pavlov). A value of the sensory
systems in cognition of the world.
36. General principles of structure of analyzers.
37. Basic functions of analyzers.
38. Classification of receptors, their basic properties.
39. Mechanisms of excitations in receptors, their functional lability. Adjusting of
function of receptors.
40. Concept of the retseptive field and reflexogenic area. Mechanisms of research of
excitability of receptors.
41. Explorer department of the sensory system. Specific and unspecific channels of
passing of information.
42. Sensory function of spinal cord.
43. Sensory function of brainstem.
44. Sensory function of cortex of cerebrum.
45. Sensory function of thalamus.
46. Skin sensitiveness. Description of mechanoreceptors.
47. A mechanism of origin of excitation is in mechanoreceptors .
48. Proprireceptors, their description.
49. Physiological bases of pain. Biological value of pain. Nociception. Physiological
description and classification of nociceptors.
50. Types of pain.
51. Nociceptive system, its structural and functional organization..
52. Antinociceptive system, its structural and functional organization.. Opiant and nonopiant mechanisms.
53. Physiological bases of anaesthetizing.
54. Visual sensory system, its structure and functions.
55. Visual sensory system, main and auxiliary structures.
56. Optical system of eye. Accommodation and refraction.. Violation of refraction of
eye.
57. Receptor aparat of visual analyzer. Photochemistry processes in receptors at the
action of light, retseptory potential.
58. Explorer and cortical department of visual analyzer. Analysis of information at
different levels.
59. Colour sight. Theories of color sense.
60. Basic forms of violation of perception of color.
61. Basic visual functions, methods of their research.
62. Auditory sensory system, its structure and functions.
63. Functions of external and middle ear.
64. Internal ear, frequency analysis of sound signals.
65. The electric phenomena in cochlea.
66. Explorer and crust department of the auditory sensory system.
67. Theories of perception of sounds. Binaural ear.
68. Structural-functional organization of the vestibular sensory system.
69. Taste sensory system, its structure, functions, research methods.
70. Olfactory sensory system, its structure and functions.
71. Biological forms of conduct. Innate forms of conduct.
72. Instincts, their physiological role.
73. Purchased forms of conduct. Terms of formation of Pavlov’s reflexes, their
differences from absolute.
74. Conformities to the law of education and saving of Pavlov’s reflexes (I.P.Pavlov).
75. Classification of Pavlov’s reflexes.
76. Stages of formation of Pavlov’s reflexes. Braking of Pavlov’s reflexes.
77. Memory, its kinds.
78. Mechanisms of memory. Cerebral vehicle of memory.
79. Requirements and motivations, their role in forming of conduct.
80. Functional long course of conduct. Structure of integral conductive act
81. (P.K.Anoshin).
82. Emotions, forming mechanisms, biological role.
83. Neurochemistry of emotions, their biological role.
84. Functions of new cortex and higher nervous activity of man.
85. Biological and informative theories of emotions, their role in forming of conduct
of man.
86. Functional asymmetry of cortex of large hemispheres of cerebrum, its integrative
function.
87. Speech, its functions, physiological bases of forming.
88. Thought. Development of abstract thought for a man. Role of cerebral structures in
the process of thought.
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Types of higher nervous activity of man. Temperament and character of man.
Violation of HNA. Neuroses.
Age aspects of higher nervous activity for a man.
Physiological bases of labour activity of man. Force, endurance and capacity.
Features of manual and mental labour. Optimum modes of labour.
Localization and nature of fatigue of man.
Conformities to the law of development of fatigue and renewal (G.V.Pholbort’s
rules).
96. Active rest and his mechanisms (I.M.Sechenov).
97. Age changes of the capacity of man.
98. Physiological bases of sport. Principles of construction of the optimum modes of
trainings.
99. Concept about adaptation to the physical loadings. Its mechanisms.
100. Sleep, its kinds.
101. Structure of day's sleep. Electric activity of cortex of large hemispheres.
102. Physiological mechanisms of sleep, its biological role.
103. Physiological essence of dreams.
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PRACTICAL SKILLS of MODULE N 3
To calculate a basic exchange of the patient by defining the consumption of
oxygen on spirogramm, that was incorporated in standart terms, to draw a
conclusion.
To execute tests with the delay of breath. To conduct the analysis of results.
To calculate due basic exchange with the tables of Harris and Bennedict.
To calculate with formulas the percent of deviation of real basic exchange
from due exchange.
To make a food ration.
To appraise the state of exchange of matters and energy by the index of body
mass.
Measurement of skin temperature is in the different areas of body.
Research of the taste parts of tongue.
Determination of threshold of taste sensitivity
Determination of the connection of taste and olfactory analyzer.
To rate speed of filtration in balls, to draw a conclusion.
To define the size of reabsorbtsii of water in nefron. To draw a conclusion.
13.To appraise the results of studying the kidneys ’ function on the basis of
method of Zimnitskiy.
Research of peripheral sight by the perimeter of Forster.
Research of central sight by the tables of Sivtsev.
Research of colour sight by the polikhromaticheskikh tables of Rabkin.
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Research bone conducting of sound for a man. Experience of Veber.
Comparison of bone and air conductivity for a man. Experience of Rinne.
To draw the chart of the functional system (on P.K.Anoxin).
To explain formings of afferent synthesis of the functional system of P.K.Anoxin.
To explain formings of acceptor of result of action of the functional system of
P.K.Anoxin.
To explain the role of emotions in forming of conduct (functional system of
P.K.Anoxin).
To explain the role of feed-back in forming of the functional system of
P.K.Anoxin.
To draw the chart of central department of the auditory sensory system (pic. 61,
Filimonov).
To draw the chart of optical imperfection of eye and correction by lenses (pic. 65,
Filimonov).
To draw electroretinogram and explain the mechanisms of its origin.
To draw a chart structure of visual analyzer (pic. 74, Filimonov).
To describe the rules of making of Pavlov’s salivation reflex for a dog.
To describe the method of research of visual memory for a man.
To describe the method of research of auditory memory for a man.
To describe the method of research of annex storage for a man.
To describe EEG of man and its change at functional tests (opening and closing of
eyes, hyperventilation, auditory and visual stimulation).
To describe the method of research of tactile sensitiveness of skin.