Grades: Grade 3-5
Life Science Biology
The life sciences investigate the diversity, complexity, and interconnectedness of life on
earth. Students are naturally drawn to examine living things, and as they progress through
the grade levels, they become capable of understanding the theories and models that
scientists use to explain observations of nature. In this respect, a PreK–12 life science
curriculum mirrors the way in which the science of biology has evolved from observation
to classification to theory. By high school, students learn the importance of Darwin’s
theory of evolution as a framework for explaining continuity, diversity, and change over
time. Students emerge from an education in the life sciences recognizing that order in
natural systems arises in accord with rules that seem to govern the physical world, and
can be modeled and predicted through the use of mathematics.
In grades 3–5, students expand the range of observations they make of the living world.
In particular, students in these grades record details of the life cycles of plants and
animals, and explore how organisms are adapted to their habitats. Students move beyond
using their senses to gather information. They begin to use measuring devices to gather
quantitative data that they record, examine, interpret, and communicate. They are
introduced to the power of empirical evidence as they design ways of exploring questions
that arise from their observations.
Informative readings, animations, movies for teachers and students:
Good reading for teachers on dichotomous keys.
http://www.biologyjunction.com/dichotomous_keying.htm
Good animation for teachers on dichotomous keys.
http://www.ctcd.edu/science/tanderson/documents/micro_dichotomous_keys.swf
Good reading for teachers on classification
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/studies_taxonomy.html
http://www.fi.edu/tfi/units/life/classify/classify.html
Good reading for teachers on plant parts
http://urbanext.illinois.edu/gpe/case1/c1facts2a.html
Good reading for teachers on pollination and seed dispersal
http://www.mbgnet.net/bioplants/pollination.html
http://www.mbgnet.net/bioplants/seed.html
Good animation for teachers/ students on pollination
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LxaELwrTChs
Good animation for teachers/ students on seed dispersal
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xYVSfFX8n8&feature=relmfu
Nice pictorial representation of a life cycle of monarch butterfly
http://adver-net.com/Monemerg.html
Good animation of life cycle of a butterfly.
http://www.cocoon.org/
Good animation of the life cycle of a frog
http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/science_up_close/212/deploy/interface.html
Great tutorial/animation on heredity and traits for teacher
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/traits/
Once there click on Tour of the basics what is Heredity?
Then click on tour of the basics what is a trait?
For students to see different types of observable traits
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/traits/
Then click on Observable traits slide show.
Also you can find several different grade level activities on traits
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/traits/
Click Trait activities
Information on inherited verse environmental variations
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/organisms_behaviour_health/variation
_classification/revise4.shtml
A web activity that might be helpful as a lab activity to explain inherited verse
environmental variations
http://experiential.williams.edu/files/general-inheritance-lp.doc
Good reading on different types of enviroments
http://www.globio.org/glossopedia/article.aspx?art_id=29
Good teacher reading on different biomes and the organism that live there to explain why
organisms living in different environments have different adaptations or characteristics
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/world_biomes.htm
This site has different links for animals, plants and climate per the different biomes
This current article shows how ocean temperatures have affected marine life
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthnews/8598597/Warming-oceans-cause-largestmovement-of-marine-species-in-two-million-years.html
Information on invasive species and examples
http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/whatis.shtml
Great information on sea turtles
http://www.conserveturtles.org/seaturtleinformation.php
Backround information on animal and plant behaviors
http://www.scienceclarified.com/As-Bi/Behavior.html
Great pictures of plants in “action”
http://www.plantbehavior.org/gallery.html
Nice resources of plants and different stages of development and movement with real
time video along with explanations
http://plantsinmotion.bio.indiana.edu/plantmotion/starthere.html
Great site on acid rain and how it affects different environments both terrestrial and
aquatic
http://www.epa.gov/acidrain/effects/surface_water.html
Has a student site on acid rain as well:
http://www.epa.gov/acidrain/education/site_kids/index.htm
Video segment of bear hibernation
http://animal.discovery.com/videos/natural-world-bear-hibernation.html
Student friendly story on hibernation
http://dnr.wi.gov/org/caer/ce/eek/nature/snugsnow.htm
Background information of food webs and chains
http://www.chiddingstone.kent.sch.uk/homework/fooodchains.htm
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/kidscorner/foodchain/producersconsu
mers.htm
Nice internet activities to build food webs
http://www.gould.edu.au/foodwebs/kids_web.htm
http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/food/food_menu.html
Internet activity for students on roles of organism in a food web
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/kidscorner/games/producersconsumer
sgame.htm
Internet activity for students on the different diets of organisms in a food web
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/kidscorner/games/animaldietgame.ht
m
Learning Standards:
Characteristics of Plants and Animals
1. Classify plants and animals according to the physical characteristics
that they share.
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Sort plant and animal pictures based on physical characteristics.
Use a dichotomous key to identify plants.
Create a simple chart to classify plants and animals that are common to the school’s
geographical area. (T/E 2.2)
Structures and Functions
2. Identify the structures in plants (leaves, roots, flowers, stem, bark, wood) that are
responsible for food production, support, water transport, reproduction, growth,
and protection.
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Observe plant/pollinator interaction and seed dispersal methods.
Study maple trees and go maple sugaring. Identify the structures in the maple tree and
their functions.
Collect plants. Make a detailed drawing of a plant. Identify and label its major structures
(i.e., leaves, flowers, stems, roots, seeds). Describe the function of each structure. (T/E
2.2, 2.3)
3. Recognize that plants and animals go through predictable life cycles that include
birth, growth, development, reproduction, and death.
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Grow plants from seed. Document the complete life cycle of the plant. Describe
emergence of structures and the functions of these structures. Record changes in height
over time. Graph the data.
Design and construct a habitat for a small animal (e.g., insect, butterfly, frog) that has
adequate space and contains the necessities for survival. The habitat should allow for
observation of the animal as it goes through the stages of its life cycle. (T/E 1.1, 1.2, 2.1,
2.2, 2.3)
4. Describe the major stages that characterize the life cycle of the frog and butterfly
as they go through metamorphosis.
•Using either live organisms or pictures/models, observe the changes in form that occur
during the life cycle of a butterfly or frog.
Structures and Functions (Continued)
5. Differentiate between observed characteristics of plants and animals that are fully
inherited (e.g., color of flower, shape of leaves, color of eyes, number of appendages)
and characteristics that are affected by the climate or environment (e.g., browning
of leaves due to too much sun, language spoken).
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Make frequency tables of the number of students with certain inherited physical traits,
e.g., eye color, hair color, earlobe free or attached.
Adaptations of Living Things
6. Give examples of how inherited characteristics may change over time as
adaptations to changes in the environment that enable organisms to survive, e.g.,
shape of beak or feet, placement of eyes on head, length of neck, shape of teeth,
color.
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Compare and contrast the physical characteristics of plants or animals from widely
different environments (e.g., desert vs. tropical plants, aquatic vs. terrestrial animals).
Explore how each is adapted to its environment.
Discuss how engineers design things by using their knowledge of the ways that animals
move (e.g., birds and wings influence airplane design, tails and fins of aquatic animals
influence boat design). (T/E 2.4)
7. Give examples of how changes in the environment (drought, cold) have caused
some plants and animals to die or move to new locations (migration).
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Investigate how invasive species out-compete native plants (e.g., phragmites and purple
loosestrife). Discuss how some native plants die as a result.
Adaptations of Living Things (continued)
8. Describe how organisms meet some of their needs in an environment by using
behaviors (patterns of activities) in response to information (stimuli) received from
the environment. Recognize that some animal behaviors are instinctive (e.g., turtles
burying their eggs), and others are learned (e.g., humans building fires for warmth,
chimpanzees learning how to use tools).
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Discuss how newly born sea turtles find their way to the ocean.
Discuss how pets are trained to learn new tricks.
Discuss how migrating birds navigate.
Discuss the actions that coastal species take to adjust to the changing levels of the tide.
Observe an earthworm placed on top of soil in a container that is exposed to light.
Discuss how its ability to sense light helps it survive (by burrowing) and how its structure
allows it to burrow through soil.
9. Recognize plant behaviors, such as the way seedlings’ stems grow toward light
and their roots grow downward in response to gravity. Recognize that many plants
and animals can survive harsh environments because of seasonal behaviors, e.g., in
winter, some trees shed leaves, some animals hibernate, and other animals migrate.
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Set a germinating bean in a glass filled with water next to an asymmetric source of light.
Allow the root and stem to grow a few inches. Rotate the bean so that the roots are now
touching the water at an angle and the stem is away from the light source. Observe how
the root system and stem respond to this change by changing their direction of growth.
10. Give examples of how organisms can cause changes in their environment to
ensure survival. Explain how some of these changes may affect the ecosystem.
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Discuss the importance of wetlands to human survival.
Investigate how an invasive species changes an ecosystem.
Research local projects where humans are changing the environment to ensure a species’
survival.
Brainstorm and sketch items in the home that do help or could help humans survive (e.g.,
heater for warmth, stove to cook). (T/E 2.1, 2.2)
Energy and Living Things
11. Describe how energy derived from the sun is used by plants to produce sugars
(photosynthesis) and is transferred within a food chain from producers (plants) to
consumers to decomposers.
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Make a food chain. Begin with the sun as the source of energy and end with
decomposers. Create links that show the relationships of plants and animals in the chain.
Show the direction of the flow of energy. Discuss results if various links in the chain are
broken.
Design and build a compost bin. Use a thermometer to measure the temperature rise
during composting. Discuss where heat (energy) comes from (decomposers metabolize
energy stored by producers and consumers). (T/E 1.2)