Disaster Behavioral Health
for Public Health & Health Care Professionals
Key References and Websites
Module 1 - Psychological Phases of a Disaster
Zunin L. M. & Myers, D., (2000) Training Manual for Human Service Workers in Major
Disasters. 2nd Ed. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services,
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental
Health Services; DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-538. Available at
http://www.mentalhealth.org/publications/allpubs/ADM90-538/tmsection1.asp ,
accessed 01/31/05
Module 2 -Temporal Patterns of Mental/Behavioral Responses to Disaster
Bonanno, G., (2004) Loss, Trauma and Human Resilience. Have we underestimated the
human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American Psychologist,
59, 20-28.
Coping With a Traumatic Event: Information for the Public & for Health Professionals,
CDC Publication. Available at: http://www.bt.cdc.gov/masstrauma/copingpub.asp ,
accessed 01/24/05
Module 3 - Resilience
Reissman, D. B., Klomp, R. W., Kent, A. T., & Pfefferbaum, B, (2004) Exploring
Psychological Resilience in the face of Terrorism. Psychiatric Annals, 33 (8), 627632.
“American Psychological Association (APA) Releases Fact Sheets on Resilience to Help
People Cope With Terrorism and Other Disasters.” Available at:
www.apa.org/releases/resiliencefacts.html accessed 01/24/05
Module 4 - Signs and symptoms of disaster victims (and rescue personnel) needing
psychological evaluation
National Mental Health Information Center. Field Manual for Mental Health and Human
Service Workers in Major Disasters. Available at:
http://www.mentalhealth.org/publications/allpubs/ADM90-537/default.asp ,
accessed 11/04/04
Field Manual for Mental Health and Human service Workers in Major Disasters. Available
at: http://www.mentalhealth.org/publications/allpubs/ADM90-537/default.asp
accessed 01/24/05.
Module 5 - Mental Health Risks of Disaster workers including EMS and Rescue personnel
Corneil, W., Beaton, R., Murphy, S., Johnson, C., & Pike, K. (1999). Exposure to traumatic
incidents and prevalence of posttraumatic stress symptomatology in urban fire
fighters in two countries. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 4, 131-141.
Link to Impact of Events Scale (IES) Testing documents,
http://www.son.washington.edu/portals/bioterror/LinkstoFacultyPub.asp, accessed
January 2005.
Module 6 – Symptoms of stress experience during or after a traumatic incident
CDC Workplace Safety and Health (DHHS NIOSH Publication number 2002-107.
Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/unp-trinstrs.html , accessed 11/04/04.
Module 7 - What are CISM and CISD? What are the risks and benefits?
Pulley, S. A., (2004) Critical Incident Stress. Available at:
http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic826.htm , accessed 11/04/04.
Module 8 - Role of the Red Cross in Disaster Mental Health
American Red Cross. Available at: http://redcross.org/pubs/dspubs/terrormat.html ,
accessed 11/04/04.
Module 9 - Federal Response for Mental Health Support
SAMHSA Matrix: Disaster Readiness and Response. Available at:
http://www.samhsa.gov/Matrix/matrix_disaster.aspx , accessed 11/04/04.
Module 10 - Principles of Psychological Needs Assessment Post-disaster
Ritchie, E. C. & Hamilton, S. E., (2004) Assessing Mental Health Needs Following Disaster,
Psychiatric Annals, 34 (8) 605-610.
DeWolfe, D. J. (unpublished manuscript). Population Exposure Model and text excerpted
from Mental Health Interventions Following Major Disasters: A Guide for
Administrators, Policy Makers, Planners and Providers. Rockville, MD: Substance
Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Partial text is available of page
12 of the following online manual:
http://www.mentalhealth.org/publications/allpubs/KEN95-0011/default.asp ,
accessed 11/04/04.
“Disaster Response and Recovery: A Handbook for Mental Health Professionals” by Diane
Myers, RN, MSN, available at: http://www.empowermentzone.com/disaster.txt
accessed 01/24/05
Module 11 - Vulnerable populations
Emergency Mental Health and Traumatic Stress Services Branch. Center for Mental Health
Services, Division of Prevention, Traumatic Stress, and Special Programs,
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2003. Available at:
http://www.mentalhealth.org/publications/allpubs/KEN95-0011/default.asp ,
accessed 11/04/04.
Module 12 - Goals of an All-Hazards Mental Health Preparedness Plan
US Department of Health and Human Services (2003) Mental Health All-Hazards Disaster
Planning Guidance. DHHS Pub. No. SMA 3829. Rockville, MD: Center for
Mental Health Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration. Available at:
http://www.mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/publications/allpubs/SMA03-3829/default.asp ,
accessed 11/04/04.
Module 13 - Basic Principles of Post-disaster Approaches to Mental Health
Flynn, B. W. & Norwood, A. E., (2004) Defining Normal Psychological Reactions to
Disaster. Psychiatric Annals, 34 (8), 597-603.
“Helping Survivors in the Wake of Disaster”, A National Center for PTSD Fact Sheet.
Available at: http://www.ncptsd.org/facts/disasters/fs_helping_survivors.html
accessed 01/24/05
Module 14 - Basic principles of early interventions – PIE = proximity, immediacy, expectancy
NIMH Mass Violence. Mental Health and Mass Violence: Evidence-Based Early
Psychological Intervention for Victims/Survivors of Mass Violence. Available at:
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/healthinformation/massviolence_intervention.cfm ,
accessed 11/04/04
Module 15 - Psychological “First Aid”
Traumatic Incident Stress: Information For Emergency Response Workers, NIOSH
Publication number 2002-107. Available at:
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/unp-trinstrs.html , accessed 11/04/04.
Module 16 - Rural Mental Health Preparedness versus Urban Setting
Meit, M., “Bridging the Health Divide: The Rural Public Health Research Agenda: Rural
Public Health Preparedness Concerns.” April, 2004. See page 36. Available at:
http://www.upb.pitt.edu/crhp/Bridging%20the%20Health%20Divide.pdf, accessed
11/04/04.
Module 17 - Benefits of Training and Drills for First Responders and Disaster Personnel
Murphy, S., Bond, G., Beaton, R., Murphy, S., & Johnson, C., (2002) Lifestyle behaviors
and their relationship with job satisfaction and stress symptomatology in urban
firefighters. International Journal of Stress Management, 9, 311-327.
Beaton, R. et al., Evaluation of the Washington State National Pharmaceutical Stockpile
Dispensing Exercise. Part II – Dispensary Site Worker Findings, document linked
from: http://www.son.washington.edu/portals/bioterror/LinkstoFacultyPub.asp,
accessed January 2005.
Module 18 - MUPS - Multiple Unexplained Physical Symptoms (MUPS) in the Aftermath of
Trauma and Disaster
Pastel, R. H., (2004) Psychological Effects of ‘Weapons of Mass Disruption’. Psychiatric
Annals, 34 (9), 679-686.
Beaton, R. et al., “The Sarin Gas Attacks on the Tokyo Subway – 10 years later/Lessons
Learned”, J. Traumatology, 2005, in press, document linked as “Sarin Gas Attacks”
from http://www.son.washington.edu/portals/bioterror/LinkstoFacultyPub.asp,
accessed January 2005.
Additional Organizations and Web Resources
(partial listing of all available resources)
TRAINING AND EDUCATION
ORGANIZATION WEB SITE
Southwest Center
for Public Health
Preparedness,
University of
Oklahoma Health
Sciences Center
DESCRIPTION
PFLASH (Practical Front Line
www.swcphp.ouhsc.edu/mh_training.aspx Assistance for Support and
Healing) is a disaster mental
health education program – a 6hour program in a PowerPoint
presentation format to be
administered to groups of
professionals. The structure of
the presentation includes
presentation, Q&A and general
discussion, case vignettes, and
limited role playing. The
program can be administered in
one day or split into two half
days.
A separate, day-long program,
K-FLASH, provides similar
material specifically aimed for
interventions with children.
HOSPITALS/PRIMARY CARE PROVIDERS/PUBLIC HEALTH WORKERS
ORGANIZATION WEB SITE
DESCRIPTION
AHRQ
Agency for Health
Care Research and
Quality
Lots of information and links.
www.ahrq.gov/browse/bioterbr.htm
CHILD-RELATED RESOURCES
ORGANIZATION WEB SITE
Federal Emergency
Management
Agency (FEMA)
www.fema.gov/tab_education.shtm
FEMA for Kids
www.fema.gov/kids/
SCHOOL PREPAREDNESS RESOURCES
ORGANIZATION WEB SITE
National
Association of
School
Psychologists
DESCRIPTION
FEMA Education and Training
website containing several links to
educational materials that can be
used by parents and teachers for
helping children prepare for a
disaster or crisis situation.
FEMA website specifically designed
for children. Excellent site for
helping children learn about and
cope with disasters and crisis.
DESCRIPTION
School safety-related site.
www.nasponline.org/index2.html
NON-ENGLISH SPEAKING/CULTURALLY DIVERSE RESOURCES
ORGANIZATION WEB SITE
DESCRIPTION
American Red
Cross
www.redcross.org/services/disaster
Click on “Disaster Services” on left,
then click on “Foreign Language
Materials.”
PHYSICALLY DISABLED/HEARING IMPAIRED/VISUALLY IMPAIREDRESOURCES
ORGANIZATION WEB SITE
DESCRIPTION
National
Organization on
Disability
www.nod.org/emergency
“National Organization on
Disability’s Emergency
Preparedness Initiative”
Information about specialized
emergency equipment and articles
about planning and preparedness
for people with disabilities. The
site also features a bulletin board
where users can post questions and
discuss challenges, solutions, and
best practices.
INDIVIDUAL AND FAMILY PREPAREDNESS
ORGANIZATION WEB SITES
American Academy
of Pediatric Links
www.aap.org/family/frk/frkit.htm
DESCRIPTION
Family Readiness Kit
AAP Offers Advice
on Communicating
with Children About
www.aap.org/advocacy/releases/smallpoxanthrax.htm Disasters
www.aap.org/advocacy/releases/disastercomm.htm
AAP Responds to
Questions About
Smallpox and
Anthrax
PEOPLE WITH SERIOUS AND PERSISTENT MENTAL ILLNESS
ORGANIZATION WEB SITE
SAMHSA
Center for Mental
Health Services
DESCRIPTION
“Responding to
www.mentalhealth.org/publications/allpubs/SMA96- the Needs of
3077
People with
Serious and
Persistent Mental
Illness in Times of
Major Disaster”.