MULTILEVEL POLITICS: THE EUROPEAN UNION IN COMPARATIVE
PERSPECTIVE
POL 452, POL 2323
Autumn 2007 and Spring 2008
University of Toronto
Dr. Taras Kuzio
taras.kuzio@utoronto.ca
Course Description
The objectives of the course are to provide students with a thorough overall study of the
European Union. The autumn term compares and contrasts the EU with other federal
systems. The term investigates the nature of “European” identity, the wide range of
European Union institutions, the impact of enlargement on post-communist states, the
crises that the contemporary European Union is going through and the EU’s emerging
Common Foreign and Security Policy and its relationship to transatlantic issues and
NATO. The spring term course studies the role, attitudes and policies of key EU member
states in Atlantic Europe (UK), Core Europe (France, Germany) and Old Europe (Eastern
Europe). The European Union’s policies towards countries on the fringes of Europe –
Turkey, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and the Trans-Caucasus are covered – together with
support for, or opposition within these countries towards cooperation and integration with
the EU.
Class Information
The course will be a seminar-based discussion class. All students will be expected to
have read the required readings each week and attend class prepared to discuss them. The
instructor is Dr. Taras Kuzio, Adjunct Professor, Department of Political Science,
University of Toronto.
His e-mail address is taras.kuzio@utoronto.ca
Class and Office Hours:
Class: Thursdays, 18.00-20.00, LA 213
Office Hours: 16.30-18.00, Sidney Smith Hall, 3055
Textbook and Readings:
 Readings for the course will be available in pdf or word formats on the University
of Toronto’s Portal. https://portal.utoronto.ca/
 All readings are required to be read by students for each week’s class.
Guidelines and Grading
1. Seminar Participation and Presentation: 25%
Participation
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 Students are required to do the readings and take an active part in class discussion.
Student participation in Portal weekly discussion forum’s organised by the instructor
will go towards the participation score.
 To receive additional credits, students are encouraged to bring news stories, policy
documents and other original items to class if they are related to that week’s topic.
Students are encouraged to read on-line current affairs articles in international and
Canadian publications. Suggested international publications include The New York
Times (www.nytimes.com), The Guardian (www.guardian.co.uk), The Times
(www.thetimesonline.com), The Economist (www.economist.com), www.bbc.co.uk
 Attendance is mandatory and students who cannot attend class must inform the
instructor in advance of class with sufficient documentation.
In-Class Presentation
 Undergraduates are required to prepare one presentation.
 Graduates are required to prepare two presentations, preferably one in the autumn and
one in the spring semesters:
 The 4 readings should be divided 50:50 between 2 presenters. If there is only 1
presenter he/she should choose 2 of the 4.
 There is only 1.00 hour before and 1.00 hour after the break. Within each section
we will cover 2 readings and undertake a discussion. Remember to be therefore
no longer than 15 minutes on each reading.
 In the 15 minutes spend 30-50% summarising the material and the remaining
time analysing and criticising it, including suggestions as to if it has missed
anything. This is a good time to bring in recent news, especially relating to
Canada.
 What are the main ideas?
 What are the key arguments made by authors?
 What are your assessment of the authors arguments?
 In what way do the readings inter-relate to other readings assigned for that week
and to other parts of the course?
2. Exam: 25%
Date: 8 November 2007
A 45-minute exam held in class consisting of an exam paper composed of six
questions from which students should answer three questions. The objective of the
exam is to test student knowledge of the readings and topics covered in the autumn
term (Weeks 2-9) and students ability to analyse the subjects covered in the questions.
The exam will not give additional marks for the number of words written as in
marking the exam the instructor will focus on the quality of the answers rather than
the quantity written by students.
3. Essay Proposal: 10%
Deadline for Essay Proposal: 6 March 2008
Length: Undergraduates 3 pages
Length: Graduates 5 pages
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The essay proposal for each research essay is to be submitted on a topic covered in the
course or related to European Union issues. The proposal should be discussed with the
instructor. The essay proposal should consist of:
 structure of each of the research essays due at the end of each semester;
 main research questions;
 hypotheses;
 main arguments;
 methodological approaches;
 preliminary bibliography;
4. Research Essay: 40%
Deadline Essay: 10 April 2008
Length: Undergraduates 15 pages
Length: Graduates 20 pages
The research essay should be double-spaced, 12 point (including Endnotes or
Bibliography) and should build on the proposal, follow its structure and integrate
suggestions made by the instructor. The essay will be judged on the following merits:
 proper structure, argumentation and content;
 poor English language, spelling, style and grammar;
 referencing style should be consistent throughout the essay;
 essays should have a minimum of 10 academic references (i.e. defined as books,
book chapters and academic journal articles). Newspaper and magazine articles
do not count as academic references. A maximum of 5 academic publications can
be used as references from the syllabus. The remaining bibliography should be
found by the student. Page numbers of academic sources that are quoted must be
given by the student.
 submission should be both in hard copy and by e-mail in Word.
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5. Penalties:
 a penalty of 2% per day for all written work after the deadline, including
weekends, will be deducted from the mark;
 an extension can be arranged with the instructor if it is discussed prior to the
deadline. The primary reason for extensions are medical, which requires a
certificate or doctors note, or other extenuating circumstances;
6. Plagiarism:
Plagiarism is a serious offence that could lead to an “F”. Please follow the following
guidelines:
 University of Toronto uses www.turnitin.com (see www.utoronto.ca/ota/turnitin/.
Normally, students will be required to submit their course essays to Turnitin.com
for a review of textual similarity and detection of possible plagiarism. In doing so,
students will allow their essays to be included as source documents in the
Turnitin.com reference database, where they will be used solely for the purpose of
detecting plagiarism. The terms that apply to the University’s use of the
Turnitin.com service are described on the Turnitin.com web site.
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if you quote from a text it should be placed in quotation marks. Failure to do so
constitutes plagiarism. Your essay must be primarily in your own words, and not
over-reliant on quotations;
copying extracts from the students own essays submitted to earlier classes will
constitute plagiarism;
all submitted work in hard copy or by e-mail must include the student’s name and
title.
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Undergraduate Students Should Read the First 3 Readings Each Week.
 Graduate Students Should all 4 Readings Each Week.
AUTUMN TERM
WEEK 1. INTRODUCTION, 13 September 2007
WEEK 2. EUROPEAN IDENTITY AND EU INTEGRATION, 20 September 2007
Key Questions
1. What is ‘Europe’?
2. Does ‘Europe’ extend to Turkey and the CIS?
3. Why did post-communist states emphasise ‘returning to Europe’?
4. What do post-communist states understand as ‘Europe’?
Reading
 James A. Caporaso, ‘The Possibilities of a European Identity’, Brown Journal of
International Affairs, XII, no.1 (Summer-Fall 2005), pp.65-75.
 Anthony Pagden, ‘Europe: Conceptualizing the Continent’ in A. Pagden ed., The
Idea of Europe: From Antiquity to the European Union (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2002), pp.33-54.
 Jurgen Habermas, ‘Towards a Cosmopolitan Europe’, Journal of Democracy,
vol.14, no.4 (October 2003), pp.86-100.
 Franz C.Mayer and Jan Palmowski, ‘European Identities and the EU-The Ties That
Bind the Peoples of Europe’, Journal of Common Market Studies, vol.42, no.3
(September 2004), pp.573-598.
Optional Readings
 Kevin Wilson and Jan van der Dussen eds., What is Europe? The History of the Idea
of Europe (London: Routledge, 1996).
 John McCormick, Understanding the European Union: A Concise Introduction
(Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002).
 ‘European unity. The history of an idea’, The Economist, 30 December 2003.
www.economist.com
WEEK 3. INTEGRATION THEORY AND THE EU, 27 September 2007
Key Questions
1. What are the main tenets of integration theory?
2. How does international linkage through the EU influence democratisation?
3. What countries are success stories in the promotion of democracy by the EU?
Reading
 Steven Levitsky and Lucan A. Way, ‘International Linkage and Democratization’,
Journal of Democracy, vol.16, no.3 (July 2005), pp.20-34.
 Lucan A.Way and Steven Levitsky, ‘Linkage, Leverage, and the Post-Communist
Divide’, East European Politics and Societies, vol.21, no.1 (February 2007), pp.4866.
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 Marcin Zaborowski, ‘Westernizing the East: External Influences in the PostCommunist Transformation of Eastern and Central Europe’, Journal of Communist
Studies and Transition Politics, vol.21, no.1 (March 2005), pp.16-32.
 Antoanneta Dimitrova and Geoffrey Pridham, ‘International Actors and Democracy
Promotion in Central and Eastern Europe: The Integration Model and Its Limits’,
Democratization, vol.11, no.5 (December 2004), pp.91-112.
Optional Reading
 Antje Wiener and Thomas Diez, European Integration Theory (Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2004).
 Darina Malova and Tim Haughton, ‘Making Institutions in Central and Eastern
Europe, and the Impact of Europe’, West European Politics, vol.25, no.2 (2002),
pp.101-120.
WEEK 4: NO CLASS, INSTRUCTOR AWAY FROM CANADA AS ELECTION
OBSERVER, 4 October 2007
WEEK 5. FEDERALISM IN COMPARATIVE CONTEXT, 11 October 2007
Key Questions
1. Compare and contrast Canada’s and the EU’s federal system.
2. Why is a federal Europe unpopular among some EU member states?
3. Compare different federal systems in Europe.
Reading
 Stanley Hoffman, ‘Obstinate or Obsolete? The Fate of the Nation-State and the
Case of Western Europe’ in Brent F.Nelson and Alexander C-G. Stubb eds., The
European Union: Readings on Theory and Practice (Lynne Reinner Publishers,
2003), pp.157-172.
 Anthony D.Smith, ‘English national identity and European integration’, Nations
and Nationalism, vol.12, no.3 (July 2006), pp.433-452.
 Montserrat Guibernau, ‘National identity, devolution and secession in Canada,
Britain and Spain’, Nations and Nationalism, vol.12, no.1 (January 2006), pp.5176.
 Damian Tambini, ‘Post-national citizenship’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol.24,
no.2 (March 2001), pp.195-217.
WEEK 6. EU INSTITUTIONS (1), 19 October 2007
Key Questions
1. What are the key EU institutions?
2. How did EU institutions evolve?
3. What will the EU’s institutions look like in the future?
Reading
 Elizabeth Bomberg and Martin D. Cram, ‘The EU’s Institutions’, in E.Bomberg
and Alexander Stubb eds., The European Union: How does it work? (Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2003), pp.43-68.
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 Neil Fligstein and Jason McNichol, ‘The Institutional Terrain of the EU’, in Alec
S.Stone and Wayne Sandholtz eds., European Integration and Supranational
Governance (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp.59-91.
 John Peterson and Michael Shackleton ‘The EU’s Institutions: An Overview’, in
J.Peterson and M.Shackleton eds., The Institutions of the European Union
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp.1-16.
 Simon Hix, ‘The Study of the European Community: The Challenge to
Comparative Politics’ in Brent F.Nelson and Alexander C-G. Stubb eds., The
European Union: Readings on Theory and Practice (Lynne Reinner Publishers,
2003), pp.323-334.
WEEK 7. EU INSTITUTIONS (2), 26 October 2007
Key Questions
1. What is the role of the EU’s Council?
2. Is the EU’s Council of Ministers the equivalent of a government?
3. What are the powers invested in the EU executive?
Reading
 Simon Hix, ‘Executive Politics’ in S.Hix, The Political System of the European
Union (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), pp.27-71.
 Philippe de Schoutheete, ‘The European Council’ in John Peterson and Michael
Shackleton eds., The Institutions of the European Union (Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2002), pp.37-59
 Fiona Hayes-Shenshaw, ‘The Council of Ministers’ in John Peterson and Michael
Shackleton eds., The Institutions of the European Union (Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2002), pp.60-80.
WEEK 8. The EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, 1 November 2007
Key Questions
1. How has the European Parliament evolved?
2. Does the European Parliament suffer from a ‘democracy deficit’?
3. What political groups exist in the European Parliament?
Reading
 Simon Hix, ‘Legislative Politics’ in S.Hix, The Political System of the European
Union (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), pp.72-110.
 Simon Hix, Amie Krieppel and Abdul Noury, ‘The Party System in the European
Parliament: Collusion or Competition?’, Journal of Common Market Studies,
vol.41, no.2 (April 2003), pp.308-331.
 Andrew Moravscik, ‘In Defence of the “Democratic Deficit”: Reassessing the
Legitimacy of the European Union’, Journal of Common Market Studies, vol.40,
no.4 (November 2002), pp.603-634.
 Andreas Follesdal and Simon Hix, ‘Why there is a Democratic Deficit in the EU:
A Response to Majone and Moravscik’, Journal of Common Market Studies,
vol.44, no.3 (September 2006), pp.533-562.
Optional Reading
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‘The European Parliament At Fifty’, Special issue, Journal of Common Market
Studies, vol.41, no.2 (April 2003).
Amie Kreppel, The European Parliament and Supranational Party System : a study
in institutional development (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
Michael Shackleton, ‘The European Parliament’, in John Peterson and M.Shackleton
eds., The Institutions of the European Union (Oxford: Oxford University Press,
2002), pp.104-124.
Tapio Raunio, ‘Political Interests: The EP’s Party Groups’ in John Peterson and
Michael Shackleton eds., The Institutions of the European Union, New European
Union Series (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp.257-276.
WEEK 9. MONETARY INTEGRATION AND THE EURO, 8 November 2007
Key Questions
1. What stages has the Euro evolved through?
2. Why is the UK so adamantly against adopting the Euro?
3. Why has the Euro always been introduced only through parliaments?
Reading
 Matthias Kaelberer, ‘The Euro and European Identity: symbols, power and the
politics of European monetary union.’ Review of International Studies, vol. 30, no.2
(April 2004), pp.161-178.
 Benjamin J.Cohen, ‘Can the Euro Ever Challenge the Dollar?’, Journal of Common
Market Studies, vol.41, no.4 (September 2003), pp.575-595.
 Kate R.McNamera, ‘Towards a Federal Europe? The Euro and Institutional Change
in Historical Perspective’ in Tanya A.Borzel and Rachel A.Cichowski eds., The State
of the European Union, vol.6 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), pp.253-268.
Optional Reading
 Kathleen R. McNamara, ‘Managing the Euro - the European Central Bank’ in John
Peterson and Michael Shackleton eds., The Institutions of the European Union
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp.169-189.
WEEK 10. EU ENLARGEMENT, 15 November 2007
Key Questions
1. Why is ‘Europe’ often seen as analogous to the EU?
2. What are the arguments for widening versus deepening the EU?
3. How has enlargement benefited the EU and new member states?
Reading
 Heather Grabbe, ‘The Sharp Edges of Europe: Extending Schengen Eastwards’,
International Affairs, vol.76, no.3 (2000), pp.519-536.
 Lykke Friis, ‘EU Enlargement – And Then There Were 28?’ in Elizabeth Bomberg
and Alexander Stubb eds., The European Union: How does it work? (Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2003), pp.177-194.
 Stephen White, Sarah Oates, Clelia Rontoyanni and Bill Miller, ‘Eastern Publics and
Western Enlargement’, International Politics, vol.37, no.3 (September 2000), pp.323344.
 Geoffrey Pridham, ‘The Effects of the European Union’s Democratic Conditionality:
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The Case of Romania During Accession’, Journal of Communist Studies and
Transition Politics, vol.23, no.2 (June 2007), pp.233-258.
Optional Reading
 Howard J. Wiarda, ‘Where Does Europe End Now? Expanding Europe’s Frontiers
and the Dilemmas of Enlargement and Identity’, ‘Brown Journal of International
Affairs, XII, no.1 (Summer-Fall 2005), pp.89-98.
 Norman Davies, ‘You need to redraw your mental map of Europe’, The Times, 31
December 2003.
Surveys
 ‘Enlargement of the European Union’, Flash EuroBarometer 140, March 2004.
http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/index.en.htm
 ‘Attitudes towards European Union Enlargement’, Eurobarometer, July 2006.
 ‘The European Union and its Neighbours’, Eurobarometer, October 2006.
WEEK 11. EU, IMMIGRATION, MIGRATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT, 22
November 2007
Key Questions
1. Why did so few EU member states welcome migrants from new EU members
after 2004?
2. What are the positives and negatives of immigration into the EU and into Canada?
3. Why is Turkey’s size and population seen as a threat by “old” Europe?
Reading
 Alane E.Kessler and Gary P.Freeman, ‘Public Opinion in the EU on Immigration
From Outside the Community’, Journal of Common Market Studies, vol.43, no.4
(November 2005), pp.825-850.
 Margit Kraus and Robert Schwager, ‘EU Enlargement and Immigration’, Journal of
Common Market Studies, vol.42, no.1 (March 2004), pp.165-181.
 Gallya Lahaw and Anthony M. Messna, ‘The Limits of a European Immigration
Policy: Elite Opinion and Agendas Within the European Parliament’, Journal of
Common Market Studies, vol.43, no.4 (November 2005), pp.851-875.
 Gilles Saint-Paul, ‘Why are European Countries Diverging in Their Unemployment
Experience?’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol.18, no.4 (Fall 2004), pp.49-68.
Optional Reading
 Migrants and Minorities in Europe, special issue, Journal of Common Market Studies,
vol.43, no.4 (November 2005).
 ‘Fearful Fortress France’, The Economist, 29 October 2005.
 ‘Talking of immigrants’, The Economist, 1 June 2006.
WEEK 12. EU NEIGHBORHOOD POLICY, 29 November 2007
Key Questions
1. What are the different elements of the EU’s Neighborhood Policy?
2. Is the EU’s ENP aimed at forestalling future membership?
3. Why do some ENP countries (i.e. Ukraine) dislike the EU’s ENP?
Reading
 Karen E.Smith, ‘The outsiders: The European neighborhood policy’, International
Affairs, vol.81, no.4 (2005), pp.757-773.
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Tim Gould, ‘The European Economic Area: a model for the EU Neighborhood
Policy?’, Perspectives on European Politics and Society, vol.5, no.2 (2004), pp.171202.
Roland Dannreuther, ‘Developing the Alternative to Enlargement: The European
Neighborhood Policy’, European Foreign Affairs Review, vol.11, no.2 (Summer
2006), pp.183-201.
European
Neighbourhood
Policy
documents:
http://ec.europa.eu/world/enp/index_en.htm
WEEK 13. THE EU CONSTITUTION, 6 December 2007
Key Questions
1. How and why was the EU big constitution drawn up?
2. Why was the big constitution rejected by France and the Netherlands?
3. Compare the ‘big’ and ‘small’ EU constitutions.
Reading
 Richard Whitman, ‘No and after: options for Europe’, International Affairs, vol. 81,
no.4, (July 2005), pp.673-687.
 Paul Taggart, ‘Questions of Europe – The Domestic Politics of the 2005 French and
Dutch Referendums and Their Challenge for the Study of Europe’, Journal of
Common Market Studies, vol.44, no.3 (September 2006), pp.7-25.
 Maatsch Sonke, ’The struggle to control meanings: The French debate on the
European constitution in the mass media’, Perspectives on European Politics &
Society, vol. 8, no.3 (September 2007), pp.261-280.
 J.H.H. Weiler, ‘A Constitution for Europe? Some Hard Choices’, Journal of
Common Market Studies, vol.40, no.4 (November 2002), pp.563-580.
Optional Reading
 Alain-Marc Rieu and Gerard Duprat eds., What is Europe? European Democratic
Culture (London: Routledge, 1993).
 J.H.H. Weiler, The constitution of Europe: "do the new clothes have an emperor?"
and other essays on European integration (Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 2002).
 ‘EU constitution: Where member states stand’, www.bbc.co.uk, 26 January 2007.
 ‘Don’t tell the voters’, The Economist, 26 April 2007.
 ‘Constitutional conundrums’, The Economist, 24 May 2007.
 ‘For your eyes only’, The Economist, 9 August 2007.
Surveys
 ‘The EU Constitution: Post Referendum Survey in France’, Eurobarometer, European
Commission, 30-31 May 2005.
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SPRING 2008 TERM
WEEK 14. EU CRISIS, 10 January 2008
Key Questions
1. What different factors have brought on a crisis in the EU?
2. How are different countries in the EU affected by its crisis?
3. What is the EU undertaking to emerge from its crisis?
Reading
 Gideon Rachman, ‘The Death of Enlargement’, The Washington Quarterly, vol.29,
no.3 (summer 2006), pp.51-56.
 Laurent Cohen-Tanugi, ‘The End of Europe?’, Foreign Affairs, vol.84, no.6
(November-December 2005), pp.55-67.
 Nicolas Boisgrollier, ‘The European Disunion’, Survival, vol.47, no.3 (Autumn
2005), pp.55-62.
 Richard Whitman, ‘No and after: options for Europe’, International Affairs, vol. 81,
no. 4, (July 2005), Pp.673-687.
 Optional Reading
 ‘A venture at a standstill’, The Economist, 25 May 2006.
 ‘No love lost’, The Economist, 23 September 2004.
 ‘Now that we are bundled inside, let’s shut the door’, The Economist, 28 April 2005.
 ‘Europe’s mid-life crisis’, The Economist, 15 March 2007.
 EU Surveys
 ‘The Future of Europe’, Eurobarometer, May 2006.
WEEK 15. EU’s COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY (CSDP), 17
January 2008
Key Questions
1. What is the relationship between NATO and the EU’s CSDP?
2. Why are some EU members (i.e. the UK) cool towards the emergence of an EU
CSDP?
3. How is the EU’s CSDP evolving since the Iraqi invasion?
Reading
 Mette B.Sangiovanni, ‘Why a Common Security and Defense Policy is Bad for
Europe’, Survival, vol.45, no.4 (Winter 2003), pp.193-206.
 Anand Menon, ‘From crisis to catharsis: ESDP after Iraq’, International Affairs,
vol.80, no.4 (2004), pp.631-648.
 Christopher Hill, ‘Renationalizing or Regrouping? EU Foreign Policy Since 11
September 2001’, Journal of Common Market Studies, vol.42, no.1 (March 2004),
pp.143-163.
 Tom Sauer, ‘Coercive Diplomacy by the EU: the Iranian nuclear weapons crisis’,
Third World Quarterly, vol.28, no.3 (2007), pp.613-633.
Optional Reading
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John Petersen and Michael E.Smith, ‘The EU as a Global Actor’ in Elizabeth
Bomberg and Alexander Stubb eds., The European Union: How does it work?
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), pp.195-215.
 Juergen Habermas and Jacques Derrida, ‘February 15, or What Binds Europe
Together: A Plea For a Common Foreign Policy, Beginning in the Core of
Europe’, Constellation, vol.10, no.3 (September 2003), pp.291-297.
 Walter Carlsnaes, Helene Sjursen and Brian White eds., Contemporary European
Foreign Policy (Sage, 2004).
 T.R. Reid, The United States of Europe. The New Superpower and the End of
American Supremacy (New York: Penguin, 2004).
 Parag Khanna, ‘The Metrosexual Superpower’, Foreign Policy, July-August
2004, pp.66-68.
 ‘Defensive measures. Should the European Union have a defence budget?’, The
Economist, 23 February 2006.
 ‘The European Union in the World, The Economist, 24 August 2006.
EU Documents
 Council of the European Union, ‘A Secure Europe in a Better Word’. European
Security Strategy, EU, Brussels, 12 December 2003. www.europa.eu
WEEK 16, CANADA AND TRANSATLANTIC RELATIONS, 24 January 2008
Key Questions
1. What is Canada’s role in NATO and its mission in Afghanistan?
2. What key factors influence Canada’s relations with the US?
3. How would you characterize Canadian-EU relations?
4. What factors drove Canada’s policy of opposition to the invasion of Iraq?
Reading
 Andrew Cohen, Chapters 6-8, While Canada Slept: How We Lost Our Place in
the World (McClelland and Stewart, 2004), pp.118-203.
 Charles C.Pentland, ‘Odd Man In: Canada and the transatlantic crisis’,
International Journal, vol.59, no.1 (Winter 2004), pp.145-160.
 Erika Simpson, ‘The Principles of Liberal Internationalism According to Lester
Pearson’, Journal of Canadian Studies, vol.34, no.1 (Spring 1999), pp.75-92.
 Martin Lipset, chapter 3 (‘Socialism and Unionism in the United States and
Canada’) in American Exceptionalism (New York: W.W. Norton, 1996), pp.77112.
Optional Reading
 Stephen Clarkson, ‘Jean Chretiens Legacy in Managing Canadian-American
Relations’, Canadian Foreign Policy, vol.12, no.2 (Fall 2005), pp.65-82.
 Papers by Frederic Merand, Osvaldo Croci and Amy Verdun, Carlton University
workshop, The Transatlantic Security Triangle: Where Does Canada Fit?’,
Ottawa, 12 June 2006. http://www.carleton.ca/europecluster/Workshop-June122006/(Merand)Policy-Paper-ESDP.pdf and other papers on the Carleton
University, Political Science web address http://www.carleton.ca/polisci/
 Canadian Foreign Policy documents, http://geo.international.gc.ca/cippic/about/position_papers-en.aspx
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‘Canada Focuses on continental security’, Jane’s Intelligence Review, December
2002. http://jir.janes.com
 Editorial, ‘How Australia became a player’, National Post, 16 April 2003.
www.canada.com/nationalpost/
 Allan Gotlieb, ‘The Chretien Doctrine: By Blindly Following the UN, The Prime
Minister is Hurting Canada, Macleans, 31 March 2003. www.macleans.com
 ‘The minister, the general and pacifist Quebec, The Economist, 9 August 2007.
Canadian and U.S. Values
 Michael Adams, Fire and Ice. The United States, Canada and the Myth of
Converging Values (Toronto: Penguin Canada, 2003).
WEEK 17. WIDENERS AND DEEPENERS, 31 January 2008
Key Questions
1. Wideners and deepeners: what are they?
2. Which EU members are associated with wideners and deepeners?
3. Has the EU deepened or widened, or undertaken both simultaneously?
Reading
 Franz C.Mayer and Jan Palmowski, ‘European Identities and the EU – The Ties That
Bind the Peoples of Europe’, Journal of Common Market Studies, vol.42, no.3
(September 2004), pp.573-598.
 Salmon Trevor, 'United in its Diversity' (or Disunited in Adversary): That is the
Question for the European Union and the European Security and Defence Policy’.
Perspectives on European Politics & Society, vol. 5, no.3, (December 2004), pp.447468.
 Ulla Holm, ‘The Old France, the New Europe and a Multipolar World’. Perspectives
on European Politics & Society, vol. 5, no. 3 (December 2004), pp.469-491.
 Mark Aspinwall, ‘Preferring European. Ideology and National Preferences on
European Integration’, European Union Politics, vol.3, no.1 (2002), pp.81-111.
WEEK 18. ATLANTIC EUROPE (UNITED KINGDOM), 7 February 2008
Key Questions
1. Why does the UK balance its relationship with the EU with that of the U.S.?
2. How does core (“old”) Europe’s policies to the EU differ from those of the UK?
3. Are there domestic differences in the UK over attitudes towards the EU?
Reading
 Lawrence D.Freedman, ‘The Special Relationship, Then and Now’, Foreign Affairs,
vol.85, no.3 (May-June 2006), pp.61-73.
 Mary Try Johnston, ‘Britain and Transatlantic Security: Negotiating Two Bridges Far
Apart’ in Tom Lansford and Blagovest Tashev eds., Old Europe, New Europe and the
US (London: Ashgate, 2005), pp.42-56.
 Antonios Karvounis, Kate Manzo and Tim Gray, ‘Playing mother: narratives of
Britishness in New Labour attitudes toward Europe’, Journal of Political Ideologies,
vol.8, no.3 (October 2003), pp.311-325.
 Marco Cinnirella, ‘Are all Britons reluctant Europeans? Exploring European identity
and attitudes to Europe among British citizens of South Asian ethnicity’, Ethnic and
Racial Studies, vol. 30, no.3 (May 2007), pp.481 – 501.
14
Optional Reading
 Jane Sharp, ‘Tony Blair, Iraq and the special relationship: Poodle or partner?’,
International Journal, vol.59, no.1 (Winter 2004), pp.59-86.
 Jean Monnet, ‘Europe Needs Britain’ in Dick Leonard and Mark Leonard eds., The
Pro-European Reader (New York: Palgrave, 2002), pp.37-40.
 Margaret Thatcher, ‘A Family of Nations’, in Brent F.Nelson and Alexander C-G.
Stubb eds., The European Union: Readings on Theory and Practice (Lynne Reinner
Publishers, 2003), pp.49-54.
 David Miliband, ‘UK needs ‘new engaged’ diplomacy’, UK Foreign Secretary,
Speech to the Royal Institute of International Affairs, 19 July 2007. www.fco.gov.uk
 Douglas Hurd, ‘The Tories are not jingoes’, The Spectator, 22 May 2004.
www.spectator.co.uk
 Malcolm Rifkind, ‘The Conservatives must reject neo-Conservatism’, The Spectator,
8 October 2006.
 Jonathan Freedland, ‘Beyond the great divide’, The Guardian, 19 November 2003.
www.guardian.co.uk
 ‘Scotland’s Eurodreams’, The Economist, 19 April 2007.
Surveys
 ‘European Union Enlargement, UK Opinion Poll’, April 2002, European Union
Commission, UK.
 ‘The United Kingdom and the European Union’, Winter 2004, Eurobarometer,
European Commission.
 ‘The United Kingdom and the European Union’, Eurobarometer, January 2005.
Web Sites
 UK
in
the
EU:
http://www.fco.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&
c=Page&cid=1007029391674
WEEK 19. CORE EUROPE (FRANCE), 15 February 2008
Key Questions
1. What are the factors propelling France’s crisis and the rise of Sarkozy.
2. Why does France feel sidelined from the EU?
3. What factors led to a sharp deterioration in EU-US relations?
Reading
 Simon Serfaty, ‘Terms of estrangement: French-American relations in perspective’,
Survival, vol.47, no.3 (2005), pp.93-102.
 Frédéric Bozo, ‘France and the United States: Waiting for Regime Change’, Survival,
Vol. 49, no.1 (March 2007), pp.181 – 197.
 Steven P. Kramer, ‘The End of French Europe?, Foreign Affairs, vol.85, no.4 (JulyAugust 2006), pp.126-140.
 Helen Drake, ‘France: An EU Founder Member Cut Down to Size?’ Journal of
European Integration, vol.28, no.1 (March 2006), pp.89-105.
 Optional Readings
 David G.Haglund, ‘Western Europe and the Challenge of the Unipolar Moment: Is
Multipolarity the Answer?’, Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, vol.6, no.4
(Summer 2004), pp.1-26.
15





‘A tale of two Frances’, The Economist, 30 March 2006.
‘The Sarko and Ségo Show’, The Economist, 9 September 2006.
‘Jacques Chirac’s poisoned legacy’, The Economist, 15 May 2007.
‘The world according to Sarkozy’, The Economist, 30 August 2007.
‘The French strategy for Eastern Europe’, Jane’s Foreign Report, 20 May 2004.
WEEK 20. READING WEEK, 21 February 2008
WEEK 21. CORE EUROPE (GERMANY), 28 February 2008
Key Questions
1. Why has Germany always been an enthusiastic member of the EU?
2. Why has Germany always been an ardent deepener of the EU?
3. What is the basis of the Franco-German axis?
Reading
 Ekkart Zimmermann, ‘Germany’ in Roger Eatwell ed., European Political Cultures.
Conflict or Convergence (London: Routledge, 1997), pp.88-106.
 Charlie Jeffrey and William E.Paterson, ‘Germany and European Integration: a
shifting of the tectonic plates’, West European Politics, vol.26, no.4 (October 2003),
pp.59-75.
 Thomas Risse and Daniela Engelmann-Martin, ‘Identity Politics and European
Integration: The Case of Germany’.
 Peter Rudolf, ‘The Myth of the ‘German Way’: German Foreign Policy and
Transatlantic Relations’, Survival, vol.47, no.1 (Spring 2005), pp.133-152.
Surveys
 Attitudes of young Germans and young Britons, British Council and Goethe Institute,
2003. http://www.britishcouncil.de/e/about/pressrelease_030703.htm
WEEK 22. “NEW” EUROPE, 6 March 2008
Key Questions
1. Define the roots of pro-Americanism in Eastern Europe.
2. Why did Eastern (“new”) Europe support the US over the Iraqi conflict?
3. Why do the U.S. and “new” Europe have similar views on NATO enlargement
into Ukraine and EU enlargement into Turkey?
Reading
 Janusz Bugajski and Ilona Teleki, ‘Washington’s New European Allies: Durable or
Conditional Partners?’, The Washington Quarterly, vol.28, no.2 (2005), pp.95-107.
 Marcin Zaborowski and Kerry Longhurst, ‘American Protégé in the east? The
emergence of Poland as a regional leader’, International Affairs, vol.79, no.5
(October 2003), pp.1009-1028.
 F.Stephen Larrabee, ‘Danger and Opportunity in Eastern Europe’, Foreign Affairs,
vol.85, no.6 (November-December 2006), pp.117-131.
 Jiri Sedivy and Marcin Zaborowski, ‘Old Europe, New Europe and Transatlantic
Relations’, European Security, vol.13, no.3 (September 2004), pp.187-213.
Optional Reading
 Jan Jun, ‘EU: Will Enlargement Make The Bloc More Pro-American?’, RFERL
Feature, 26 April 2004. www.rferl.org
16
 Stefan Wagstyl and Jan Cienski, ‘Poland Not Interested in Being Junior EU Partner’,
Financial Times, 21 August 2003.
WEEK 23. EU ENLARGEMENT AND TURKEY, 13 March 2008
Key Questions
1. What are the domestic roots of Turkey’s striving to join the EU?
2. Why are EU deepeners against Turkey’s membership?
3. Why are wideners (and the U.S.) in favour of Turkish membership?
Reading
 Ioannis N.Grigoriadis, ‘Turkey’s Accession to the European Union: Debating the
Most Difficult Enlargement Ever’, SAIS Review, vol.26, no.1 (Winter 2006), pp.147160.
 Cemal Karakas, ‘Gradual Integration: An Alternative Integration Process for Turkey
and the EU’, European Foreign Affairs Review, vol.11, no.3 (Autumn 2006), pp.311331.
 Steve Wood and Wolfgang Quaisser, ‘Turkey’s Road to the EU: Political Dynamics,
Strategic Context, and Implications for Europe’, European Foreign Affairs Review,
vol.10, no.2 (2005), pp. 147-173.
 John Redmond, ‘Turkey and the European Union: troubled European or European
trouble?’, International Affairs, vol. 83, no.2 (March 2007), pp. 305-317.
Optional Readings
 Philip Gordon and Omer Taspinar, ‘Turkey on the Brink’, The Washington Quarterly,
vol.29, no.3 (Summer 2006), pp.57-70.
 Katinka Barysh, Steven Everts and Heather Grabbe, Why Europe Should Embrace
Turkey (London: Centre for European Reform, September 2005). www.cer.org.uk
 ‘Turkey 2006 Progress Report’, Commission of the European Communities
European
Commission,
European
Commission,
8
November
2006
http://ec.europa.eu./enlargement/countries/index_en.htm
WEEK 24. EU ENLARGEMENT AND OUTSIDERS 1: WESTERN BALKANS,
20 March 2008
Key Questions
1. Which countries constitute the western Balkans and how different are they in
terms of fulfilling the Copenhagen Criteria for EU membership?
2. Why has the EU offered the western Balkans membership while hesitating on
Turkey and saying Non! To Ukraine?
3. How will NATO membership of the western Balkans in 2008-2010 assist in the
region joining the EU?
Reading
 Othon Anastasakis, ‘The Europeanisation of the Balkans’, Brown Journal of
International Affairs, vol.XII, no.1 (Summer-Fall 2005), pp.77-88.
 Martin Dangerfield, ‘Regional Cooperation in the Western Balkans: Stabilisation
Device or Integration Policy?’ Perspectives on European Politics & Society, vol. 5,
no.2 (August 2004), pp.203-241.
17

James C. O’Brien, ‘Brussels: Next Capitol of the Balkans?’, The Washington
Quarterly, vol.29, no.3 (Summer 2006), pp.71-87.
 Mustafa Turkes and Goksu Gokgoz, ‘The European Union’s Strategy towards the
Western Balkans: Exclusion or Integration’, East European Politics and Society,
vol.20, no.4 (2006), pp.659-690.
Optional Reading
 Jeffrey Simon, ‘Preventing Balkan Conflict: The Role of Euroatlantic Institutions’,
Strategic Forum, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense
University. www.ndu.edu/inss
 Judy Dempsey, ‘EU sends discouraging signal to west Balkan states on entry
prospects’, International Herald and Tribune, 17 May 2006. www.iht.com
 European Commission, “The Stabilization and Association Process,” European
Commission, Brussels.
WEEK 25. EU ENLARGEMENT AND OUTSIDERS 2: RUSSIA, 27 March 2008
Key Questions
1. Why is Russia disinterested in NATO and EU membership?
2. What factors drive Putin’s Russia in asserting itself as a great power?
3. What are their risks and benefits for the EU in becoming dependent on Russia as
an energy supplier?
Reading
 John O’Brennan, ‘Bringing Geopolitics Back In: Exploring the Security Dimensions
of the 2004 Eastern Enlargement of the European Union’, Cambridge Review of
International Affairs, vol.19, no.1 (March 2006), pp.55-69.
 Dmitri Trenin, ‘Russia Leaves the West’, Foreign Affairs, vol.85, no.4 (July-August
2006), pp.87-100.
 Derek Averre, ‘Russia and the European Union: Convergence or Divergence?’,
European Security, vol.14, no.2 (June 2005), pp.175-202.
 Stephen White, Ian McAllister and Margot Light, ‘Enlargement and the New
Outsiders’, Journal of Common Market Studies, vol.40, no.1 (March 2002), pp.135153.
Optional Reading
 Victor Yasman, ‘Russia: Moscow gets tough with the EU’, RFERL Features, 5 June
2006. www.rferl.org
 ‘Russia and the West. In Search of a Putin policy’, The Economist, 11 May 2006.
 ‘The making of a neo-KGB state’, The Economist, 23 August 2007.
WEEK 26. EU ENLARGEMENT AND OUTSIDERS 2: UKRAINE, 3 April 2008
Key Questions
1. How does ‘Europe’ see Ukraine? As a ‘European’ or as a ‘Eurasian’ state?
2. Why is Ukraine seeking both NATO and EU membership?
3. Compare and contrast Russia and Ukraine’s relationship with ‘Europe’ (i.e. EU
and NATO).
Reading
 Taras Kuzio, ‘Is Ukraine Part of Europe’s Future’, The Washington Quarterly, vol.29,
no.3 (Summer 2006), pp.89-108.
18

Kataryna Wolczuk, ‘Integration Without Europeanisation: Ukraine and its Policy
Towards the European Union’, Centre for Advanced Studies, Robert Schuman
Papers, European Union Institute, Working Papers, no.15, 2004. www.iue.it/RSCAS/
 F.Stephen Larrabee, ‘Ukraine and the West’, Survival, vol.48, no.1 (Spring 2006),
pp.93-110.
 F.Stephen Larrabee, ‘Ukraine at the Crossroads’, The Washington Quarterly,
vol.30,no.4 (Autumn 2007), pp.45-61.
Optional Reading
 ‘Ukraine’s Future Relations with the European Union: Policy Recommendations for
the New Ukrainian Government’, East West Institute, 2006. www.ewi.info/
 T.Kuzio, ‘Ukraine is not Russia: Ukrainian and Russian Youth Compared’, SAIS
Review, vol.XXVI, no.2 (Summer-Fall 2006), pp. 67-83.
 T. Kuzio, ‘Ukraine’s Relations with the West: Disinterest, Partnership,
Disillusionment’, European Security, vol.12, no.2 (Summer 2003), pp.21-44.
Survey
 ‘Europeans and the Accession of Ukraine to the European Union’, TNS for Yalta
European Strategy, November 2005. www.yes-ukraine.org
WEEK 27. EU ENLARGEMENT AND OUTSIDERS 3: BELARUS AND TRANSCAUCASUS, 10 April 2008
Key Questions
1. Why is Belarus described as the ‘last dictatorship in Europe’?
2. What are the main factors driving Belarusian foreign policy?
3. Why is the Lukashenka regime isolated by the EU, U.S. and Canada? What
foreign policy factors drove the 2004 Rose Revolution?
4. Why is Georgia a serious candidate for NATO membership only?
5. Why and how has the EU extended its ENP to the Trans-Caucasus?
Readings
 Roy Allison, Stephen White and Margo Light, ‘Belarus Between East and West’,
Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, vol.21, no.4 (December 2005),
pp.487-511.
 Sofia Sebastion, ‘The Belarusian Challenge: Context for a Democratic Strategy in
Europe’s Last Dictatorship’, International Affairs Review, vol.14, no.1 (Spring 2005),
pp.77-98.
 Dov Lynch, Why Georgia Matters (Paris: Institute for Security Studies-EU, February
2006).
 Pavel Baev et al., The South Caucasus: a challenge for the EU (Paris: Institute for
Security Studies-EU, December 2003).
Optional Reading
 Dov Lynch ed., Changing Belarus (Paris: ISS-EU, November 2005).
U.S. Government Documents
 Belarus Democracy Act 2004 (108th Congress) and Belarus Democracy
Reauthorization Act 2006 (109th Congress) http://thomas.loc.gov/
19