Doctor of Psychology (Clinical Psychology) School of Psychology and Psychiatry Course Guide 2011 Produced and Published by: Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences School of Psychology and Psychiatry Monash University Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800 Revised & Printed Jan 2011 © Copyright 2011 NOT FOR RESALE. All materials produced for this course of study are protected by copyright. Monash students are permitted to use these materials for personal study and research only, as permitted under the Copyright Act. Use of these materials for any other purposes, including copying or resale may infringe copyright unless written permission has been obtained from the copyright owners. Enquiries should be made to the publisher 2 Welcome Congratulations on being accepted into this course. We receive many applications for this degree and select the most suitable candidates. A special welcome should be expressed to those students who have not previously studied at Monash University. We hope your studies at this university will be fulfilling and enjoyable. This degree offers many unique benefits and opportunities for professional psychologists. For instance, in contrast to many postgraduate courses, students receive extensive training in one of three areas of specialisation. In addition, relative to many other degrees, this course provides a more comprehensive repertoire of skills and experience in research design and analysis. Furthermore, Monash University provides an abundance of services and facilities to fulfil your needs and interests outside the course. The course provides students with a diverse array of critical skills and knowledge in clinical psychology and related fields. The scientist-practitioner model provides the foundation for this course. As a consequence, the empirical basis of many techniques and practices will be explored in depth. In addition, this course will emphasise those techniques that have received the most empirical support. Upon completing this course, students will have acquired the ability to: Understand, assess, and treat emotional and behavioural disorders Select, administer, and interpret a broad range of psychometric tests Plan, implement and evaluate the efficacy of a variety of treatments Appreciate and comply with the Psychologists Code of Ethics Conduct, appraise, and report scientific research, and apply these principles to professional practice. Completion of the Doctor of Psychology degree will qualify graduates for registration as a psychologist with the Psychology Board of Australia (PBA), as well as endorsement as a Clinical Psychologist with the PBA after completion of the registrar program. Graduates will also be eligible for membership of the Australian Psychological Society (APS) and the APS College of Clinical Psychologists. Candidates who have completed the Forensic specialisation are also eligible for membership of the APS College of Forensic Psychologists, if they have completed a doctoral research project in the area of forensic psychology. This course guide delineates the coursework, research and placement requirements of the DPsych (Clinical) degree, the resources and facilities that are available to DPsych students, and other administrative matters. University regulations are provided in the Handbook for Doctoral and MPhil degrees, which can be found at http://www.mrgs.monash.edu.au/research/doctoral/index.html. Professor James Ogloff Course Coordinator 3 4 Table of Contents Welcome ............................................................................................................................ 3 Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... 5 1 Monash University ....................................................................................................... 7 2 The School of Psychology & Psychiatry ....................................................................... 8 3 2.1 Getting Assistance ............................................................................................... 8 2.2 Semester and Principal Dates ............................................................................ 10 2.3 Course Contacts ................................................................................................ 11 2.4 School Contacts ................................................................................................. 13 2.5 Committees ........................................................................................................ 14 Important information ................................................................................................. 16 3.1 School Resources .............................................................................................. 16 3.2 General Office, Pigeon Holes, Lockers ............................................................... 16 3.3 Support Services & Facilities .............................................................................. 17 3.4 Occupational Health and Safety ......................................................................... 18 3.5 Paid Work .......................................................................................................... 20 3.6 Policies .............................................................................................................. 21 3.7 Registration & Membership ................................................................................ 21 3.8 Professional behaviour ....................................................................................... 22 4 Monash Research Graduate School (MRGS) ............................................................ 23 5 About the course........................................................................................................ 24 6 5.1 Course Structure ................................................................................................ 24 5.2 Course Requirements ........................................................................................ 25 5.3 Course objectives............................................................................................... 25 5.4 Attendance requirements ................................................................................... 26 5.5 Assessments...................................................................................................... 26 5.6 Specialisations ................................................................................................... 27 5.7 Textbooks .......................................................................................................... 28 5.8 Overview of Coursework Units ........................................................................... 29 First & Second Year Coursework Units ...................................................................... 32 Advanced Clinical Practice DPSY6106 ......................................................................... 33 Clinical Developmental Psychology DPSY5105 ............................................................ 36 Clinical Neuropsychology DPSY6204............................................................................ 42 Fundamentals of Professional Practice DPSY5104 ....................................................... 44 Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine DPSY6107 ............................................ 47 Psychological Assessment Part 1 DPSY5102 ............................................................... 54 Psychological Assessment Part 2 DPSY5202 ............................................................... 57 Psychopathology Part 1 DPSY5101 & Part 2 DPSY5201 .............................................. 60 Psychopharmacology DPSY6105 ................................................................................. 65 5 Research Methods in Professional Psychology DPSY5103 .......................................... 68 Theories and Techniques of Intervention Part 1 DPSY5203 .......................................... 73 Theories and techniques of intervention Part 2 DPSY6103 ........................................... 76 7 Third Year & Specialisations ...................................................................................... 78 Clinical Child, Adolescent, and Family Psychology Specialisation Part 1 DPSY7141 & Part 2 DPSY7241 .......................................................................................................... 79 Advanced Health Psychology Specialisation DPSY7131 & DPSY7231 ......................... 86 Clinical Forensic Psychology Specialisation DPSY7111, DPSY7211, DPSY7112 & DPSY7212 .................................................................................................................... 90 8 Fourth year ................................................................................................................ 99 9 Research ................................................................................................................. 100 9.1 Timeline & Research requirements .................................................................. 100 9.2 Scope of the research and supervisors ............................................................ 101 9.3 RDA advisors ................................................................................................... 101 9.4 Progress Reviews ............................................................................................ 102 9.5 Ethics clearance ............................................................................................... 106 9.6 Conferences and Papers.................................................................................. 106 9.7 Research Support and Travel Grants ............................................................... 107 10 Placements .......................................................................................................... 109 10.1 Background ...................................................................................................... 109 10.2 Aims ................................................................................................................. 109 10.3 Placement Contacts ......................................................................................... 109 10.4 Clinical Placement Requirements & Expectations ............................................ 110 10.5 Processes for Placement ................................................................................. 114 10.6 Policies Relevant to Placements ...................................................................... 129 11 Appendices .......................................................................................................... 132 Appendix A – APS College of Clinical Psychologists Course Approval Guidelines ...... 133 Appendix B – APS College of Clinical Psychologists Competencies ........................... 141 Appendix C – Placement Documentation .................................................................... 144 Appendix D – Thesis by Publication ............................................................................ 172 6 1 Monash University Monash is an energetic and dynamic university committed to quality education, outstanding research and international engagement. Learning is an essential part of human existence. At Monash University, education is about how ideas change people and how people change the world. We offer our students access to a rich and international learning experience. With a presence in Australia, Asia, South Africa and Europe, Monash fosters a truly global perspective. Excellence Monash is a member of the prestigious Group of Eight (Go8) universities, recognised for excellence in teaching, learning, research and graduate outcomes. The Go8 undertakes 70 per cent of all research conducted in Australian universities and more than half of all basic research conducted throughout Australia. Established in 1958, the University was named after prominent Australian Sir John Monash. Over the years, Monash has grown into a community of more than 59,000 students, 15,000 staff and 250,000 alumni. Research Our researchers are committed to finding solutions for 21st Century challenges such as climate change, water shortage, cancer, diabetes, obesity and those posed by terrorism. As set out in the long term vision of Monash 2025, the strategic directions of the University encourages and supports innovative multi-disciplinary research which addresses national and international priorities. The development and maintenance of an excellent research infrastructure capability that meets the needs of researchers and research students will continue to be a priority for Monash. Monash has 95 research centres and institutes and is involved with 17 cooperative Research Centres. More than 2400 academic staff publish some 5000 research works annually. 7 2 The School of Psychology & Psychiatry The School of Psychology and Psychiatry is unique in Australia in bringing together the disciplines of psychology and psychiatry into a successful academic partnership. The school spans research from the basic behavioural through to applied health services research. We combine teaching, research and clinical training in the professions of psychology and psychiatry and serve by far the largest number of clinical populations across a diverse range of treatment settings in Melbourne and rural regions. The DPsych course is offered by the School of Psychology and Psychiatry (Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences) and administered by the Monash Research Graduate School (MRGS). While the School spans sites across Victoria, the DPsych course teaching and administration almost exclusively takes place at the Clayton campus. In particular, the staff and facilities are generally located in Biology Building 17. The general office is located on the fourth floor, immediately outside the lifts. The Research Degrees Administrators Office is located on the 5th Floor of Building 17. Most of the DPsych teaching staff, the DPsych Academic Registrar and the DPsych Placement Coordinators are located on the 5th or 6th Floor. 2.1 Getting Assistance If you have a question relating to the DPsych program, please check this course guide and the MRGS Handbook for Doctoral and MPhil Degrees (http://www.mrgs.monash.edu.au/research/doctoral/index.html) for information before asking. Many answers are found in these documents. Course Administration For assistance with Enrolment/re-enrolment Transcripts Intermission/Study away Confirmation of Candidature Change of supervisor contact the school’s HDR Office via hdr.psych@monash.edu or 9905 4359. Coursework If you have a problem with a coursework unit (including requests for extensions) including content, contact the unit coordinator. If your issue is not resolved at this level you can then contact the Year Level Coordinator or the Academic Registrar. Research If you have a problem with your research/thesis, contact your research supervisor(s) first, and then the Academic Registrar or the DPsych (Clinical) Course Coordinator. 8 Placement For enquiries relating to placements, contact the DPsych (Clinical) Placement Coordinator (email clinpsychplacements.psych@monash.edu). General issues and support The Academic Registrar assists with the administration and organisation of the DPsych programs and can answer queries regarding the content and structure of the course. For general, professional or personal issues you can speak to the Academic Registrar, your Year level coordinator, or the University Counselling Service (ph: 9905-3156; Monday to Friday, 9.00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m.; after hours ph: 9905-3156). If personal issues are impacting on your research progress, alert your research supervisor so options can be discussed early on. After following these processes, if you need to speak with someone further, you can contact the DPsych (Clinical) Course Coordinator, or you can ask the Academic Registrar to assist you in determining the best person to speak to. Refer to flow chart below. Unit Coordinator, Placement Coordinator, or Research Supervisor Year Level Coordinator Academic Registrar DPsych (Clinical) Course Coordinator 9 2.2 Semester and Principal Dates Principle dates http://www.monash.edu.au/students/key-dates/principal-dates-2011.html Semester One 2011 Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Easter/Mid Semester break 9 10 11 12 Swot Vac Exams Week commencing 28th Feb 7th Mar 14th Mar 21st Mar 28th Mar 4th Apr 11th Apr 18th Apr 22nd Apr (til 29th Apr) 2nd May 9th May 16th May 23rd May 30th May th 6 – 24th Jun Semester Two 2011 Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Mid Semester break 10 11 12 Swot Vac Exams Week commencing 25th Jul 1st Aug 8th Aug 15th Aug 22nd Aug 29th Aug 5th Sep 12th Sep 19th Sep 26th Sep 3rd Oct 10th Oct 17th Oct 24th Oct 31st Oct – 18th Nov Please note that starting in 2011, all semesters will be 12 weeks instead of 13 weeks. All coursework unit schedules have been amended accordingly. Semester and Vacation Dates 2009 - 2015 http://www.adm.monash.edu.au/execserv/about/principal-dates/prdsemda.html 10 2.3 Course Contacts Staff Role Prof James Ogloff Course Coordinator/ Year 3 Coordinator/ Co-coordinator of the Clinical Forensic Psychology specialisation Dr Nicole Rinehart Year 1 Coordinator/ Lecturer/ Coordinator of the Clinical Child, Adolescent & Family Psychology specialisation Contact James.Ogloff@monash.edu 9495 9160 Thomas Embling Hospital: 99472600 PA (Maree): 9947 2600 (messages & appointments); M: 0419 878 277 (business hours only) Nicole.Rinehart@monash.edu 9501 2432 or 9902 4561 Dr Sabura Allen Year 2 Coordinator/ Lecturer/ Coordinator of the Advanced Health Psychology specialisation Sabura.Allen@monash.edu 9905 4725 Dr Michael Daffern Lecturer/Co-coordinator of the Clinical Forensic Psychology specialisation Michael.Daffern@monash.edu Tuesday and Friday Monash University 9905 1196 Monday, Wednesday and Thursday Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science 99472600 Dr Lillian Nejad Placement Coordinator/ Lecturer clinpsychplacements.psych@monash. edu 9905 1194 Dr Dana Wong Academic Registrar/ Lecturer Dana.Wong@monash.edu 9905 3933 Dr Audrey McKinlay Lecturer Audrey.McKinlay@monash.edu 9905 3945 11 Staff Role Dr Rene Stolwyk Lecturer Dr Jillian Broadbear Lecturer Prof Grahame Coleman Lecturer Ms Heather Alco Senior Administrator (Mon – Wed) Ms Anastasia Georgiou Senior Administrator (Wed & Fri) Lisa Blair Placement Administrator (Tue – Wed) 12 Contact Rene.Stolwyk@monash.edu 9902 0099 Jillian.Broadbear@monash.edu 9905 3903 Grahame.Coleman@monash.edu 9905 3956 hdr.psych@monash.edu 9902 4200 hdr.psych@monash.edu 9905 1232 Lisa.Blair@monash.edu 9902 0873 Ms Susan Knight Administrative Officer hdr.psych@monash.edu 9905 4359 Ms Maria Lawlor Assistant to Director of Research Degrees Maria.Lawlor@monash.edu 9905 3058 2.4 School Contacts Many staff members are available to assist you on various matters. To email these individuals, simply use the following format: firstname.surname@monash.edu 13 2.5 Committees Board of Studies (BoS) The DPsych (Clinical) Course Co-ordinator is responsible for the oversight of the program and its day-to-day administration. The roles of the DPsych (Clinical) Board of Studies include: (i) Evaluating applications for admission (including assessment of academic preparation and, via interview panels, personal suitability) and considering supervisory arrangements. (ii) Monitoring students’ progress in all aspects of the course. (iii) Scrutinising the quality of coursework offerings. (iv) Ensuring that the course meets the accreditation guidelines of the Australian Psychology Accreditation Council and the relevant College accreditation guidelines of the Australian Psychological Society. (v) Policy formulation. Membership: (i) DPsych (Clinical) Course Co-ordinator (Chair). (ii) Co-ordinator of Advanced Health Psychology specialisation. (iii) Co-ordinator of Clinical Forensic Psychology specialisation. (iv) Co-ordinator of Clinical Child, Adolescent, and Family Psychology specialisation. (v) Co-ordinators of units in DPsych (Clinical) Program. (vi) Director of Research Degrees or nominee. (vii) DPsych (Clinical) Placement Co-ordinator. (viii) Clinical Psychology Centre Co-ordinator. (ix) Academic Registrar. In attendance: (i) Senior Research Degrees Administrator (Executive Secretary). (ii) Administrator, Postgraduate Research (Minute Secretary) Please note that any proposed changes to the sequence of your coursework or practical training, or to your research (e.g., change of supervisors or of topic), need to be considered by the Board of Studies. This also includes changes to enrolment status (e.g., changing from full time to part time or vice versa, or intermission). You therefore need to put this in writing and submit this to the Senior Research Degrees Administrator for consideration by the BOS. The BOS meets once a month, and applications / requests cannot be approved until the next meeting has occurred. Hence, you should submit applications for extensions or changes of candidature well in advance of the date they are due in the School or at the Faculty. It can take up to a month for requests to be considered and forms to be signed and then processed. 14 Course Advisory Committee The roles of the Advisory Committee include: (i) Advise the DPsych (Clinical) Board of Studies on such matters as course philosophy, policy, structure, content and administration. (ii) Review the curriculum from time to time and monitor the effectiveness of the course. Membership: (i) DPsych (Clinical) Course Co-ordinator (Chair). (ii) Co-ordinator of Advanced Health Psychology specialisation. (iii) Co-ordinator of Clinical Forensic Psychology specialisation. (iv) Co-ordinator of Clinical Child, Adolescent and Family Psychology specialisation. (v) DPsych (Clinical) Placement Co-ordinator. (vi) Clinical Psychology Centre Co-ordinator. (vii) Academic Registrar. (viii) Director of Research Degrees or nominee. (ix) Field supervisors from employment agencies that cover the three specialisation streams plus Adult Psychiatry. (x) Three elected student representatives (one for each year). In attendance: (i) Senior Research Degrees Administrator (Executive Secretary). (ii) Administrator, Postgraduate Research (Minute Secretary). 15 3 Important information 3.1 School Resources Facilities available for students within the School: Students are allowed to borrow a broad range of equipment. This equipment includes video cameras and recorders, tape recorders, and slide projectors. To borrow any of these items, email or ring Nichola Thompson. Students will be able to access the school photocopiers. Photocopying material that directly relates to the course will be free of charge. The copiers to be used by DPsych students are located at the southern end of level 4 and level 6. Students can obtain stationery and resources that pertain to their thesis without charge. Students should send an email to Cheryl Roberts with their ID number, authcate username and the course they are enrolled in. Cheryl will then assist them to procure these resources through the Clayton store. A limit of $50 per student per year applies. A host of psychological tests are also available to borrow from the test library. The file v:\Resources\Library\Psychological Test Library\Clayton Psych Test Library Contents.xls lists the tests and lending policy. For test library enquiries, contact Nichola Thompson. Computer accounts will be assigned to each student at the beginning of the course. Computers are available at several sites. The computers on the 6th floor of Biology Building 17 are specifically allotted to postgraduate students within the School. There is also an HDR student room with computers available for DPsych students to use on the 5th floor (room 535). Students are welcome to use the Clayton staff room located on the 6th floor, but must supply their own tea, coffee, and milk. 3.2 General Office, Pigeon Holes, Lockers The General Office of the Psychology Division is located on the 4th Floor of Biology Building 17. In this office you will find pigeon holes of all the staff members where you can leave mail or memos for them. Internal and external mail boxes are located here. In the general office you will have a “drop file” allocated to you. These are in the filing cabinets in the office and are organised alphabetically. Staff will leave messages, forms or work for you here in these drop files. On the 6th floor there are a number of lockers that are available to DPsych students to leave belongings. You will be given a key to a locker if you would like one and this can be arranged through Cheryl Roberts, 9905 3930. 16 3.3 Support Services & Facilities Monash Postgraduate Association The Monash Postgraduate Association Inc. (MPA) is the representative body for all research and coursework postgraduate students enrolled through Monash University's Victorian campuses. http://mpa.monash.edu.au/ Student Services The University provides many different kinds of support services for you. Contact your tutor if you need advice and see the range of services available at www.monash.edu.au/students The Monash University Library provides a range of services and resources that enable you to save time and be more effective in your learning and research. Go to http://www.lib.monash.edu.au or the library tab in my.monash portal for more information. Students who have a disability or medical condition are welcome to contact the Disability Liaison Unit to discuss academic support services. Disability Liaison Officers (DLOs) visit all Victorian campuses on a regular basis Website: http://adm.monash.edu/sss/equity-diversity/disability-liaison/index.html; Telephone: 03 9905 5704 to book an appointment with a DLO; Email: dlu@monash.edu Drop In: Equity and Diversity Centre, Level 1 Gallery Building (Building 55), Monash University, Clayton Campus. Libraries Hopefully, you will use the library facilities extensively. Several libraries are located on the Clayton campus. The libraries that you are likely to use are the Matheson Library (Building 4) Hargrave-Andrew library (Building 30) Law library (Building 12) Students are also recommended to utilise the library located at the Monash Medical Centre, Clayton Road. This library houses an extensive collection of clinical books and journals. Furthermore, you can freely use the libraries at the other campuses of Monash University. Finally, students can join the CAVAL scheme, which allows you to borrow books in libraries that are located at other institutions. For more information about these services, visit the enquiries desk at any one of the Monash libraries. Postgraduate students are granted special library privileges. For instance, these students can borrow up to 30 books or journals. Brochures that specify these rights can be found in all of the libraries. Public Transport A multitude of bus lines converge at the Clayton campus. A guide to these bus lines is available at the campus centre (building 10) or via http://www.monash.edu.au/campuses/clayton.html 17 The Monash Medical Centre in Clayton is a short distance from Clayton Station and numerous bus lines. Furthermore, Monash Medical Centre is only a 20 minute walk from the university. Clayton Campus Students can travel to the Clayton campus by car or public transport. To ensure that you can park within a reasonable distance of the Biology Building, students should consider purchasing a ‘Blue’ parking permit. This permit allows students to park in the spaces that are demarcated by blue lines. These blue car parks are located throughout the university grounds. For more info see: http://fsd.monash.edu.au/travel-parking/parking The number of blue permits is limited; students should therefore obtain a permit as soon as possible if they plan to buy one. Several options are available for students who do not obtain a blue permit. Although the streets that surround Monash restrict parking to half an hour, all day parking can be obtained in the side streets located north of Clayton Road. Also, special privileges are bestowed upon individuals who choose to car-pool. Scattered throughout the university are fee-paying parking spaces. Unfortunately, many of the areas are limited to 2-4 hours and you need to purchase a ticket. There is cheap all day parking available on the roof of the multi-storey car park at the north end of the strip next to the roundabout (at the far north-west corner of the university). For more information regarding parking zones go to the Monash Parking website cited above. Monash Medical Centre The Southern Clinical School has a reduced rate for student parking. Students at MMC will pay 0.50 cents per day. All students will require a Southern Health ID card. Currently this card costs $20.00. An application for the card can be obtained from the Southern Clinical School office, which is located in Block E, Level 5. This application needs to be completed and then signed by the Academic Registrar. We are currently negotiating to have these forms sent to our office at uni. Once your form is signed you need to return it the Southern Clinical School office. They will give you a memo that states your parking rate of 50 cents per day. Students then take both these forms to the Southern Health Cashier and make the required payment for the ID card. Once payment is made, a receipt will be issued and students should take this receipt to the Security Office who will then provide the ID card and will make sure your car parking access is on the card. The car parking facilities for students are off site. There is no onsite parking for staff or students. The car park is located in Browns Road South, which is a short walk from MMC. Southern Health provides a courtesy bus that runs at regular intervals throughout the day to and from the car park. 3.4 Occupational Health and Safety All students are expected to familiarise themselves with the University’s OHS website (http://www.adm.monash.edu.au/ohse/index.html) and any policies and procedures relevant to their research project. Particular attention should be paid to the “Information for Students” page (http://www.adm.monash.edu.au/ohse/for/students.html). 18 OHS Roles & Responsibilities As outlined in the University document OHS Management at Monash University: Structure, Function, Roles and responsibilities, 6.4 INDIVIDUALS (STAFF MEMBERS, STUDENTS) 6.4.1 Each staff member or student at Monash University is responsible for ensuring that his or her own work or study environment and practices reflect high OHS standards in order to protect their own health and safety as well as the health and safety of others. 6.4.2 The responsibilities of staff members and students include: • complying with OHS policy, procedures and instructions; • being familiar with emergency and evacuation procedures and complying with the instructions given by emergency response personnel such as emergency wardens and first aiders; • participating in meetings, training and other health and safety activities as required; • reporting hazards, near misses, injuries and incidents; • using a documented risk management process to eliminate or minimise OHS risks where appropriate; • using and maintaining safety devices and personal protective equipment correctly; • not willfully or recklessly endangering the health and safety of any person at the workplace. The School Safety Officer is Cheryl Roberts (Clayton, Bldg 17). Cheryl is assisted by a number of Site Safety Officers located at the non-campus locations of the School. Further information will be available on the School intranet. OHS Risk Management Whilst developing your research project you will need to consider the specific OHS risks that you may encounter during the course of collecting data and writing up your thesis. These risks, along with the appropriate control measure(s) to minimise risk, will be recorded in your risk assessment documentation. Further details on completing a risk assessment will be covered in the COMPULSORY workshops. Students are expected to enrol themselves using the online form available at http://www.adm.monash.edu.au/staff-development/ws/ohs/risk-management-nsca.html When prompted for payment the cost centre is M54001 and the fund is 3213542. This workshop MUST be completed before commencing data collection. 19 For the majority of students the processes involved in collection of data will be considered of low risk. However, each year a small number of students undertake research projects which have much higher risks. Examples include working in the prison setting; collecting human samples such as blood or sputum; working with a specific high-risk patient population; working with laboratory animals; working in a chemical or ‘wet’ lab; collecting data in private homes; etc. The risks need to be clearly identified and discussed with your supervisor and recorded in your risk assessment. Your risk assessment will assist you to identify measures which you will need to undertake in order to reduce risk exposure; for example, if you need to be vaccinated for Hepatitis B or require further training in chemical handling. Ergonomics & Manual Handling Students are strongly encouraged to enrol in the workshop Ergonomics & Manual Handling. This workshop will assist you to set up your workstation and environment so that you might avoid musculosketal disorders. Details on dates and times is available through the Staff Development webpage (http://www.adm.monash.edu.au/staff-development/ws/ohs/ergonomics.html). When prompted for payment the cost centre is M54001 and the fund is 3213542. Hazard & Incident Reporting As outlined in the University’s “Procedures for hazard and incident reporting, investigation and recording”, each student and staff member must: Ensure that all hazards and incidents in which they are involved or in areas for which they have responsibility are reported as soon as practicable and at least within 30 days of the hazard or incident Ensure their supervisor, safety or environmental officer, health & safety representative or OH&SE, are made aware of the incident or hazard as appropriate Participate in an investigation of the hazard or incident Hazard-incident report forms can be downloaded at http://adm.monash.edu.au/ohse/assets/forms/hazard-incident-report.pdf Please forward the completed form to your Site Safety officer 3.5 Paid Work The DPsych course will demand a considerable amount of time and effort. During the first two years of this course, the amount of paid work that students can undertake is thus restricted. Specifically, students are not permitted to work more than 15 hours per week on average. Further restrictions may apply to scholarship holders (usually 8 hours per week only are allowed). Up to a maximum of six hours on average of this employment may be undertaken during normal working hours (9 am to 5 pm, Mondays to Fridays). However, this may be extended to a maximum of eight hours if the employment is limited to one week day. The candidate’s supervisor(s) must be satisfied that any part-time work undertaken does not interfere with the candidate’s study program and progress. 20 After the first two years, however, students will be permitted to complete the course part time. During this time, these students will be allowed to undertake additional paid work. Furthermore, paid internships will also be available to some of these students. 3.6 Policies Monash has educational policies, procedures and guidelines, which are designed to ensure that staff and students are aware of the University’s academic standards, and to provide advice on how they might uphold them. You can find Monash’s Education Policies at: http://policy.monash.edu.au/policy-bank/academic/education/index.html Key educational policies include: Plagiarism (http://www.policy.monash.edu/policybank/academic/education/conduct/plagiarism-policy.html) Assessment (http://www.policy.monash.edu/policybank/academic/education/assessment/assessment-in-coursework-policy.html) Special Consideration (http://www.policy.monash.edu/policybank/academic/education/assessment/special-consideration-policy.html) Grading Scale (http://www.policy.monash.edu/policybank/academic/education/assessment/grading-scale-policy.html) Discipline: Student Policy (http://www.policy.monash.edu/policybank/academic/education/conduct/student-discipline-policy.html) Academic and Administrative Complaints and Grievances Policy (http://www.policy.monash.edu/pplicybank/academic/education/management/complaints-grievance-policy.html) Student Grievances (http://www.adm.monash.edu.au/execserv/policies/AcademicPolicies/) 3.7 Registration & Membership Australian Psychological Society (APS) Membership Students who have completed their fourth year in an undergraduate psychology stream are eligible to become an Associate Member of the APS and an affiliate of the APS Colleges. Upon completion of the first two years of this course, students will be eligible to apply for full membership of the Australian Psychological Society (APS) and Associate Membership of the College of Clinical Psychologists. Full membership of the APS, however, expires if the student does not complete the degree. Full membership of the APS College of Clinical Psychologists can be obtained on completion of the entire DPsych course (Note that this may change for students commencing from 2011, who may need to complete an additional one-year period of supervision). Those students undertaking the Clinical Forensic Psychology specialisation will also be eligible for membership of the APS College of Forensic Psychologists, providing their doctoral thesis was in an area directly relevant to forensic psychology. For further information regarding the APS and its various Colleges please see http://www.psychology.org.au/ 21 Application for Registration as a Provisional Psychologist You are required to be registered as provisional psychologists with the Psychology Board of Australia from the commencement of your DPsych degree. You are required to remain provisionally registered throughout your degree, regardless of whether or not you are on placement. Provisional psychologist registration forms are accessible via: http://www.psychologyboard.gov.au/Forms.aspx 3.8 Professional behaviour It is expected that you will apply the skills and knowledge you learn during the course in a professional and ethical manner in your work environment. As such, you should familiarise yourself and act in accordance with the Code of Ethics published by the Australian Psychological Society and the Health Practitioner Regulation National Law Act 2009 published by the Psychology Board of Australia. For certain components of the course, students will need to travel beyond the boundaries of the University. When attending venues outside Monash University, students are requested to dress in a professional manner. Psychologists work with clients who can be emotionally vulnerable, who may have difficulties understanding interpersonal boundaries, who may be cognitively impaired or who may even be psychotic. You must always consider how your attire can be interpreted by your clients. Avoid wearing revealing clothing like low cut or see-through tops, short skirts, or overly casual attire like shorts, jeans, and runners. Sometimes you can be dressed too formally for a particular setting also. Many hospitals have dress policies and you need to be aware of these. The best thing to do is ask your supervisor about the dress code at the beginning of placement, as some venues will have a more formal dress code than others. For more information about professional conduct while on placements, please see Section 10.5. If you have issues in this area and need someone with whom to discuss it, please talk to the Placement Coordinator or Academic Registrar. 22 4 Monash Research Graduate School (MRGS) The Monash Research Graduate School (MRGS) administers the Doctor of Psychology and a wide range of other doctoral programs, in addition to coordinating the university's postgraduate research training activities and research scholarships. MRGS operates the Monash Research Graduate Centre which provides facilities and services including office accommodation for postgraduate research students. It also coordinates the exPERT seminar and workshop series. The Monash Research Graduate School Committee Many matters must be referred to the Faculty Research Degrees Committee before transmission to the Research Steering Committee of the University. This latter committee is the body responsible for administering the Doctorate Regulations. It has final responsibility for approving admission to DPsych candidature and for such matters as variations to candidature, questions of supervision, progress, submission and examination of theses. The committee also deals with the allocation of scholarships, awards and grants to graduate students. Handbook for Doctoral and MPhil Degrees The Handbook for Doctoral and MPhil Degrees is designed to assist candidates, supervisors and administrators with the regulations, procedures and protocols of doctoral and MPhil programs at Monash University. The handbook provides an interpretation of, and guidelines on, the doctorate and MPhil regulations, as well as associated procedures and policies, and, as such, complements this course guide and the Monash University Calendar Research Graduate School Committee regulations. Candidates and their supervisors are advised that changes to these regulations occur periodically and that both candidates and their supervisors are responsible for reviewing these changes as listed on the Monash Research Graduate School website. Please note that most queries relating to the course structure or guidelines can be resolved by referring to the MRGS handbook. Please ensure that you and your supervisor refer to this handbook at the start of each year and use it as a source of information throughout the year if you have queries relating to course policies and procedures. The Handbook is available on the web at http://www.mrgs.monash.edu.au/research/doctoral/ 23 5 About the course 5.1 Course Structure The DPsych course entails three principal components, coursework, placements, and research. The coursework involves seminars and practical demonstrations, using formal lectures and videos as well as other methods. It covers all of the key components of clinical psychology, including psychopathology, assessment, and intervention. The placements entail three semesters of practical experience in professional settings in the first two years, as well as an extended internship in the third year. Finally, the research component will comprise one study or a series of studies on a topic of direct relevance to clinical psychology. 3rd Year 2nd Year 1st Year The program structure is outlined in the following table. Semester One Semester Two MRU0022 Postgraduate Research MRU0022 Postgraduate Research Psychology Psychology DPSY5101 Psychopathology 1 DPSY5201 Psychopathology 2 DPSY5102 Psychological assessment 1 DPSY5202 Psychological assessment 2 DPSY5103 Research methods in professional DPSY6103 Theories and techniques of psychology intervention 2 DPSY5299 Introductory practicum DPSY5104 Fundamentals of professional practice DPSY5105 Clinical developmental psychology DPSY5203 Theories and techniques of intervention 1 MRU0022 Postgraduate Research MRU0022 Postgraduate Research Psychology Psychology DPSY6106 Advanced clinical practice DPSY6203 Psychopharmacology DPSY6107 Health psychology and DPSY6204 Clinical neuropsychology DPSY6299 Advanced practicum behavioural medicine DPSY6199 Intermediate practicum Clinical forensic psychology option MRU0022 Postgraduate Research MRU0022 Postgraduate Research Psychology Psychology DPSY7111 Introduction to forensic DPSY7112 Psychology and children's and psychology family law DPSY7211 Psychology and criminal law DPSY7212 Psychology and civil law Advanced health psychology option MRU0022 Postgraduate Research Psychology DPSY7131 Clinical health and medical psychology 1 MRU0022 Postgraduate Research Psychology DPSY7231 Clinical health and medical psychology 2 Clinical child, adolescent and family psychology option 4th Year MRU0022 Postgraduate Research Psychology DPSY7141 Clinical child, adolescent and family psychology 1 24 MRU0022 Postgraduate Research Psychology Supervision Training Workshop – Hurdle Requirement MRU0022 Postgraduate Research Psychology DPSY7241 Clinical child, adolescent and family psychology 1 Key: Research Coursework Placements 5.2 Course Requirements The Doctor of Psychology course comprises: supervised placements being the equivalent of 125 days and comprising approximately 10% of the program; doctoral-level psychology coursework units representing approximately 20% of the program; and research representing approximately 70% of the program. The initial two years of the course must be completed on a full-time basis, after which the candidate may be enrolled on a full-time or part-time basis. Full-time students must complete the thesis within four years; students who complete the course on a part time schedule must finish the thesis within six years. Extensions will be granted in extenuating circumstances. Enrolment is initially considered probationary. Once a student has successfully met the necessary requirements as outlined in Section 9.4, confirmation of candidature will be granted. Students may be exempted from particular components of the DPsych degree, provided they have attained the relevant knowledge or experience in previous incomplete degrees. These students must apply for credit before the corresponding unit or placement commences. Some conditions apply. Note that credit will not be provided for previous research. 5.3 Course objectives The DPsych program prepares psychology graduates, using the scientist-practitioner model, to conduct research in applied areas of psychology and to work as clinical psychologists in the assessment and treatment of adults and children with relatively severe emotional and/or behavioural disorders. Students who have completed the course will demonstrate a thorough understanding of relevant research techniques in their field through a review of the relevant literature. They will demonstrate their ability, under supervision, to apply relevant research techniques to their chosen field of study. Students will be able to present high-quality written work suitable for publication in appropriate scholarly journals, and be able to critically evaluate both their own and others' written work in their chosen field. Students will also be able to identify and define research questions identify the appropriate research methods to address the research questions demonstrate mastery of their chosen research methodology/methodologies demonstrate theoretical knowledge at doctoral level in their chosen field of research communicate their research findings in a format appropriate to their academic discipline write up their research into a high quality thesis 25 contribute new information or new ways of understanding information in the field of research. 5.4 Attendance requirements Because of the nature of training in professional psychology, regular attendance of classes is necessary. Thus, to pass a unit, students must attend at least 80% of all classes (i.e., 10 of 12 classes) each semester. Attendance sheets are administered at the beginning of each class and late arrivals are noted. Students are expected to notify the reason for any absences to their unit coordinator prior to the class in question. Reasons may include illness or other urgent matters. Students are expected NOT to take holidays during semester. For all unattended classes, students must discuss with the unit coordinator how they intend to acquire the relevant knowledge and skills. When a student is absent from more than two classes: Written documentation, such as medical certificates, must be supplied to the unit coordinator. A written request must also be made to the DPsych (Clinical) Board of Studies, which includes evidence of the required permissions and support. Additional assignments may be requested by unit coordinators, to ensure the relevant knowledge has been acquired. When the absence affects attendance at placements for two weeks or more, students must gain permission from the placement supervisor and placement coordinator as well as submitting a written request from the Board of Studies. Conference attendance during semester can be problematic as it cuts across coursework and placement commitments. Hence, students wishing to attend conferences during semester must apply in writing to the Board of Studies for permission to do so. In applying, they need to seek permission of the unit coordinators and placement supervisor for absence, as well as seeking the support of their research supervisor for attending the conference. The application to the Board of Studies should include evidence of the required permissions and support. Permission by the Board will not normally be given for conference attendance if it involves missing more than one class per unit. Any classes missed are noted on attendance sheets as for other absences. 5.5 Assessments Students will not be explicitly graded on the placements or the thesis. Instead, a pass or fail will be assigned to each of these components and to the course as a whole. In contrast, for the coursework, most units will be graded out of 100, and these scores will appear on your academic record. This system is merely intended to reward outstanding performance. For some coursework units, because of their requirements or because collaborative work is emphasised, a pass or fail grade is awarded. In the fourth year of the degree, students will be required to complete a Supervision Training Workshop. Attendance at and participation in this workshop is a hurdle requirement, and students will not be graded. 26 All assignments must be submitted with an assessment coversheet, available for download from http://www.med.monash.edu.au/current/student-forms.html. Assignments should conform to the conventions that are stipulated in the 5th edition of the APA manual. Plagiarism, and submitting the same piece of work for separate units, is obviously prohibited. Generally, late assignments will be penalised by 10% per day, although extensions will be granted under certain circumstances. To avoid this penalty, extensions must be approved prior to the due date. To complete the degree, students must pass all of the coursework units and placements. Students who fail a particular component may be allowed to undertake supplementary assessment. In most circumstances, supplementary assessment cannot receive more than a pass grade (50%) only. 5.6 Specialisations A feature of the DPsych (Clinical) program is that its training in clinical psychology is extended through specialisation in a choice of areas. Students complete their specialisations in their third year. Depending on student demand, options may include areas outlined below. Clinical child, adolescent and family psychology This area focuses on the understanding, assessment and treatment of children, adolescents and families in a variety of mental health, paediatric and community settings. An understanding of presenting issues and behaviours is formulated within a developmental theoretical framework in which the links between the child's outward behaviour, patterns of inner experience, and the external environment (including family, school, community, society and culture) are explored and researched. Clinicians in this field contribute to discussions in the community on policy matters affecting children and families, and to the development of initiatives that promote the emotional and physical well-being of children and families. Clinical forensic psychology Focuses on the application of psychological knowledge to the understanding, assessment and management of individuals in the legal system including the behaviour of offenders, victims, witnesses, judges and juries, prisoners and prison staff. Careers in clinical forensic psychology include assessment and/or treatment of accused persons, prisoners, civil litigants, victims, and family members in custody disputes. Clinicians in this field can also act as expert witnesses in consultancy to statutory bodies and the legal profession on relevant areas of psychological knowledge. Advanced health psychology Focuses on the application of psychological knowledge to the promotion and maintenance of health and the prevention and treatment of illness, the identification of aetiological and diagnostic correlates of health, illness and related dysfunction, and to the analysis and improvement of health care systems and health policy formation. Students completing this specialisation will learn how to assess and change behaviour and lifestyle relating to common disorders such as obesity and headache/migraine, and the high mortality 27 diseases such as heart disease and cancer. They will also learn about health promotion and the prevention of disease. 5.7 Textbooks Students are advised to purchase books prior to the commencement of coursework. These books will be available in the Monash University bookshop, which is located in the Campus Centre Building (Building 10). Nonetheless, students are not obliged to purchase all of the prescribed textbooks. All prescribed texts will also be available in at least one of the libraries at Monash. The following list comprises textbooks that are felt to be key texts for the DPsych (Clinical Psychology) program as well as for the practice of clinical psychology more broadly. They are not compulsory texts but are suggested as the most important ones to consider for possible purchase. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Text Revision (4th ed.-TR). Washington, DC: Author. Australian Psychological Society (2007). Code of ethics. Aust: Author. Australian Psychological Society (2007). Ethical guidelines. Aust: Author. Barlow, D. H. (2008). Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders (4th ed.). New York: Guilford Press. Beck, J. (1995). Cognitive Therapy: Basics and Beyond. New York: Guilford Press Healy, D (2005). Psychiatric Drugs Explained (4th ed.) Elsevier Limited. Other suggested reading: 28 Meehl, P. (1996). Clinical Versus Statistical Prediction: A Theoretical Analysis and a Review of the Evidence (New ed.) Jason Aronson. O’Gorman, J. (2008). Psychology as a Profession in Australia. Melbourne: Australian Academic Press. 5.8 Overview of Coursework Units Timetable Be aware this timetable is subject to change and should be checked annually. Year 1 - Semester 1 Tuesday Wednesday Friday Unit DPSY5105 Clinical Developmental Psychology DPSY5103 Research Methods in Professional Psychology DPSY5203 Theories and Techniques of Intervention I Time 9.30am - 12.30am 9.00am – 11.30am 9.00am – 12.00pm Venue Meeting Room 3 CPC Computer lab B 1st floor, MU Seminar Room 6th floor, MU Lecturer Nicole Rinehart Grahame Coleman Sabura Allen DPSY5104 Fundamentals of Professional Practice DPSY5102 Psychological Assessment DPSY5101 Psychopathology I Seminar Time 1.30pm - 4.30pm 1.30 pm – 4.00pm 1.00pm – 2.30pm Venue Colloquium Room 6th floor, MU Colloquium Room 6th floor, MU Seminar Room 3rd floor, Psych Med, MMC Lecturer Michael Daffern Rene Stolwyk Audrey McKinlay Unit Unit DPSY5101 Psychopathology I Interviews Time 3.00pm – 4.30pm Venue Seminar Room or Tutorial Room Psych Med, MMC Lecturer Audrey McKinlay/Lillian Nejad MU = Monash University, Clayton, MMC = Monash Medical Centre, CPC = Clinical Psychology Centre, Notting Hill Campus, CFBS = Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science 29 Year 1 - Semester 2 Wednesday Friday Unit DPSY5202 Psychological Assessment II Time 10.00am – 1.00pm Venue Seminar Room 6th floor, MU Lecturer Sabura Allen Unit Yr 1 meetings (Weeks 1, 6 and 10) DPSY5201 Psychopathology II Seminar Time 1.00pm – 2.00pm 1.00pm – 2.30pm Venue Seminar Room 6th floor, MU Seminar Room 3rd floor, Psych Med, MMC Lecturer Nicole Rinehart Audrey McKinlay DPSY6103 Theories and Techniques of Intervention II DPSY5201 Psychopathology II Interviews Time 2.00 – 5.00pm 3.00pm – 4.30pm Venue Seminar Room 6th floor, MU Seminar Room or Tutorial Room Psych Med ,MMC Lecturer Sabura Allen Audrey McKinlay/Lillian Nejad Unit MU = Monash University, Clayton, MMC = Monash Medical Centre, CPC = Clinical Psychology Centre, Notting Hill Campus, CFBS = Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science Year 2 - Semester 1 Year 2 - Semester 2 Friday Friday Unit DPSY6106 Advanced Clinical Practice DPSY6107 Health Psychology & Behavioural Medicine DPSY6105 Psychopharmacology (weeks 1-7) DPSY6204 Clinical Neuropsychology Time 9.00 am – 12.00 pm 1.00 pm – 4.00 pm 9.00am-12.00pm 1.00-2.30pm Venue Colloquium Room, 6th floor, MU Seminar Room 6th floor, MU Seminar Room, 6th floor, MU Seminar Room, 6th floor, MU Lecturer TBA Michael Daffern Jillian Broadbear Rene Stolwyk MU = Monash University, Clayton, MMC = Monash Medical Centre, CPC = Clinical Psychology Centre, Notting Hill Campus, CFBS = Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science 30 Year 3 - Semester 1 Refer only to classes in your specialisation – Forensic (F), Health (H) or Child Adolescent and Family (CAF) Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Unit DPSY7131 Advanced Health Psychology I DPSY7111 Introduction to Forensic Psychology DPSY7211 Psychology and Criminal Law DPSY7141 Clinical Child, Adolescent and Family Psychology I Time 9.30am-12.30pm 1.00-4.30pm 1.00-4.30pm 9.30am – 12.30pm Venue Seminar Room 6th floor, MU CFBS CFBS Meeting Room 3, CPC Lecturer Sabura Allen Jim Ogloff Michael Daffern Nicole Rinehart MU = Monash University, Clayton, MMC = Monash Medical Centre, CPC = Clinical Psychology Centre, Notting Hill Campus, CFBS = Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science Year 3 - Semester 2 Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Unit DPSY7231 Advanced Health Psychology II DPSY7212 Psychology & Civil Law DPSY7112 Psychology and Children’s and Family Law DPSY7241 Clinical Child, Adolescent and Family Psychology II Time 9.30am-12.30pm 1.00-4.30pm 1.00-4.30pm 9.30am – 12.30pm Venue Seminar Room 6th floor, MU CFBS CFBS Meeting Room 3, CPC Lecturer Sabura Allen Jim Ogloff Michael Daffern Nicole Rinehart MU = Monash University, Clayton, MMC = Monash Medical Centre, CPC = Clinical Psychology Centre, Notting Hill Campus, CFBS = Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science 31 6 First & Second Year Coursework Units In each of the first two years, 24 weeks of coursework will be undertaken. A variety of teaching formats will be employed, including lectures, guest speakers, demonstrations, role-playing, practical sessions, and workshops. The following section provides an outline of most of the units that students will undertake during this DPsych course. For each unit, the objectives and assessment procedures are stipulated, together with other vital details. These units are presented in alphabetical order. Any necessary amendments will be distributed via e-mail. 32 Advanced Clinical Practice DPSY6106 Year 2, Semester 1 Coordinator: Class time and venue: TBA Fridays, 9.00am - 12.00pm, Colloquium Room (653), 6th Floor, Building 17, Clayton Campus. Synopsis This unit in the second year of the DPsych (Clinical) course covers key issues for clinical psychologies, such as assessment methods, intervention planning and management, and the professional communication of clinical work. Students learn to conduct assessment and treatment, and to present these to peers and academic clinicians in an informative and succinct manner. Relevant professional, ethical and legal issues are explored for all presented cases. Objectives Students are expected to: Consolidate and expand on the knowledge acquired from the first year units Fundamentals of Professional Practice and Psychopathology. Develop an understanding of clinical assessment, management and therapies, and their professional communication in clinical settings. Complete comprehensive assessment that incorporates the wider contexts of family, community, and culture Plan, execute, and evaluate an intervention Develop a familiarity with a range of organisational, professional, ethical, and legal issues encountered in various clinical settings Format of sessions The unit will focus on engagement, questioning, and clinical exploration, which can facilitate productive and comprehensive clinical assessment and treatment. Students will take turns in presenting assessment and treatment cases for general discussion. All students will be required to present a 30min presentation. Assessment Assessment Task 1: Seminar Attendance & Change Diary Details of task: Weighting: Hurdle Requirement Due Date: TBA The change diary is a personal reflection on the experience of change (social, environmental, psychological). The perspective on change can be drawn from personal and clinical experience. Students will also be required to be active in case reflection. Assessment Task 2: Oral Case Presentation Details of task: 33 Length: 30 mins Weighting: 80% Due Date: TBA Every student will be required to deliver a presentation which provides a detailed analysis of either a bio-psycho-social assessment/formulation or a treatment modality which outlines the main theoretical principle and provides practice examples (film, role play) drawn from the student’s placement case work. These presentations must be unique to the unit and pertain to current clients. Assessment Task 3: Written Case Report Details of task: Length: 4500 words Weighting: 20% Due Date: TBA A written report of the extended case must be submitted. The report must integrate at least two high quality references with a description of their relevance. The report must be submitted within a week of the presentation. Unit schedule Week Topic 1 Identifying therapeutic intentions and goals. Understanding Psychology work contexts, and managing Psychology referrals 2 Using a bio/psycho/social model and developing case formulations 3-4 Advanced assessment. Thinking systemically (structural, strategic and Milan style). Skilled questioning (Interventive interviewing and genograms) 5-6 Advanced change interventions Brief therapy & narrative therapies Philosophers as CBT therapists and visa-versa 7-10 11 Student presentations on a theoretical models, rationales and examples of practice with reflective practice Working with the indigenous community Working with trauma, sexual abuse and protective services 12 Working with psychosis and serious mental illness Note: This timetable is subject to change. Required reading Ingram, B. (2006) Clinical Case Formulations Matching the Integrative Treatment Plan to the Client. Wiley and Sons. Other readings will be provided in class. 34 Recommended reading Braaten, E (2007) The Child Clinician’s report-writing handbook. Guildford Press. Baird, B., (2001) The Internship, Practicum, and Field Placement Handbook: A Guide for the Helping Professions (3rd Edition). Prentice Hall. De Botton, A. (2000) The consolations of philosophy. Penguin London. Department of Human Services (2007) Cumulative Harm: a conceptual overview. www.dhs.vic.gov.au Department of Human Services (2007) every child every chance Child development and Trauma guide www.dhs.vic.gov.au/everychildeverychance Dudgeon, P (2000) Working with Indigenous Australians. Gunada Press Gurman, A. & Kniskern, D. (Eds.), Handbook Of Family Therapy Vol 2 Brunner/Mazel Scott D. Miller, Mark A. Hubble, & Barry L. Duncan (editors) (1996) Handbook of SolutionFocused Brief Therapy. Scott D. Miller, Mark A. Hubble, & Barry L. Duncan (2008) Supershrinks: Learning from the Fields Most Effective Practitioners, Psychotherapy in Australia 14 (4). Tomm, K. Interventive interviewing: Part I. Strategizing as a fourth guideline for the therapist. Family Process 26: 3-13,1987. Turkington, D., Kingdon, D. & Turner, T. (2002) Effectiveness of a brief cognitivebehavioural therapy intervention in the treatment of schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 523–527. White, M. (1989) Literate Ends to Therapeutic Means Dulwich Centre, Adelaide 35 Clinical Developmental Psychology DPSY5105 Year 1, Semester 1 Coordinator: Class time and venue: Associate Professor Nicole Rinehart Deputy Director, Centre for Developmental Psychiatry & Psychology School of Psychology and Psychiatry Building 1 270 Ferntree Gully Road Notting Hill VIC 3168 Phone: +61 3 9902 4561 Nicole.Rinehart@monash.edu Tuesdays, 9-30am – 12-30pm, Meeting Room 3, CPC, Building 1, 270 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill Objectives At the end of this unit, students should be able to: Understand the diagnosis, classification, and aetiology of the major disorders occurring in childhood and adolescence; Understand the principles of interviewing and assessing children and adolescents; Be competent in the administration of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV); Be familiar with the major forms of treatment and management based; Be competent in writing a clinical case formulation for a child presenting with a clinical developmental disorder; and Understand clinical developmental issues in later life using a biopsychosocial frame-work. The aim of this unit is to ensure that students are familiar with disorders that occur during childhood and adolescence. Diagnosis and classification, aetiology of the major disorders occurring in childhood and adolescence, as well as the major forms of treatment and management based on recent research will be covered. Various disorders will be examined including autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, and depression. Students will be expected to develop competence in the application of diagnostic classification systems to children but also will be encouraged to critically evaluate such systems and be aware of their limitations in paediatric populations. A component of this subject will be devoted to formal psychological, especially cognitive, assessment of children and adolescents. Although the major focus of this subject will be on the identification and assessment of disorders and assessment of cognitive abilities in children, the use of various treatment modalities with children, adolescents, and their families will also be discussed with an emphasis on cognitive behavioural approaches. The final session of this unit will focus on developmental issues later in life. Teaching method This subject will comprise didactic input, discussion of case material, and video observations of assessments with children or adolescents. 36 Assessment Assessment Task 1: WISC-IV assessment Details of task: Weighting: 20% Due Date: Week 8 Students will be required to administer a complete WISC-IV and submit a completed WISC-IV record form. Assessment Task 2: Brief Report Details of task: Length: 1000-1500 words Weighting: 30% Due Date: Week 10 Following the observation sessions, a brief report should be submitted providing a clinical formulation for the case that was observed. Assessment Task 3: Examination Details of task: Length: 2 Hours Weighting: 50% Due Date: Exam Period Based on lectures and DSM-IV-TR. Unit schedule Week Session /Assessment Location Staff 1 Introduction to Clinical Developmental Psychology Meeting Room 3, CPC A/Prof Rinehart 2 Pervasive Developmental Disorders & Intellectual Disability Meeting Room 3, CPC A/Prof Rinehart 3 NB: Week off as there is a double lecture in Week 10 Week off Week off 4 Cognitive Assessment of Children & Learning Disability Meeting Room 3, CPC Dr McKinlay 5 Substance Abuse; Psychosis Meeting Room 3, CPC Professor Newman 6 Internalising Disorders Meeting Room 3, CPC Dr Melvin 37 Week Session /Assessment Location Staff 7 Externalising Disorders Meeting Room 1, CPC A/Prof Rinehart 8 Clinical Video Observation Meeting Room 3, CPC A/Prof Rinehart 9 Clinical Video Observation & Case Formulation Meeting Room 3, CPC A/Prof Rinehart 10 Psychological Interventions for Children and Adolescents I&II NB Monday all day seminar – 9th of May. Meeting Room 3, CPC Dr. Moseley 11 Child Physical and Sexual Abuse Meeting Room 3, CPC Professor Newman 12 Developmental Issues in later life Meeting Room 3, CPC A/Prof Rinehart Required reading The American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4thh –Edition- TR. Washington: Author. Recommended reading Davies, D (Ed). (2011). Child Development: A Practitioner’s Guide, 3rd Edition Guilford Press, New York. Marsh, E. J. & Barkley (2010). Assessment of Childhood Disorders, 4th Edition. Sattler, J. M. Assessment of children. 4th Edition. Guilford Press, New York. These books should be readily available in libraries but are basic references for your clinical practice. References for further reading will be advised. Journals Recommended journals in which to find relevant articles on clinical child and adolescent psychology are the following (most of these can be accessed online through the Monash library databases) : Child Psychiatry and Human Development Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 38 Child Psychological Assessment As a requirement for this subject each student will be required to conduct a psychological assessment of a child (aged 6- 12 years) using the WISC IV. It is best to obtain the assistance of family, friends, neighbours and other students to locate a child suitable for assessment but this exercise will be a more useful learning experience if the child is not too well known to you. You should explain to the parents that this is a requirement of your course and the purpose is for you to gain experience in conducting such assessments so you will not be able to give them feedback regarding the results. You should also give them this explanation in writing (see the following letter to parents), and written consent (see consent form attached). You are required to submit the consent form as part to the coordinator. It is very important that you do not seek out a child who is experiencing difficulties. The assessment should be conducted in a quiet place in the child’s home at a time convenient to the family. It is critical that no identifying information about the child or family is recorded. You are required to submit the completed WISC form as a hurdle requirement. Note that every page of the WISC form needs to be completed (NB; further analyses on page 2 and behavioural observations on the last page). WISC-IV tests are available for loan from the School of Psychology & Psychiatry’s Test Library Nichola Thompson Nichola.Thompson@monash.edu Ph: +61 3 990 53487 Following the assessment, the completed de-identified WISC-IV form should be submitted to A/Prof Nicole Rinehart by Week 8 at the Notting Hill campus reception (please place in an envelope and deliver to reception). 39 Cognitive Assessment Information for Parents Dear Parent, As a requirement for the Clinical Developmental Psychology 2011 unit, Doctor of Clinical Psychology students are required to conduct a cognitive assessment of a child using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children- IV. Students will also be required to write a report of the results as a requirement for the subject. Please note that students are asked to submit reports without any identifying information about the child they assessed. The purpose is for the students to gain experience in conducting and interpreting such assessments, especially considering that their first few cognitive assessments are not considered to be valid, due to their level of inexperience. The assessment involves the student administering a number of hands-on puzzles and verbal questions to the child, assessing verbal and non-verbal problem solving. For example, children may be asked to tell the meaning of words, and copy some patterns from a model with blocks. Most assessments take between 1.5-2 hours, and most children find them enjoyable. Should you and your child decide to participate, please note that the students will not be able to provide you and your child with feedback regarding the results. It is therefore very important that should your child be experiencing difficulties (e.g. learning difficulties at school), or if you are considering getting a cognitive assessment in the next couple of years, that they do not participate in this task. If you have any questions or concerns about any of this, please do not hesitate to contact me further on 9902 4561 (or email: nicole.rinehart@monash.edu). Yours Sincerely A/Professor Nicole J. Rinehart Deputy Director, Centre for Developmental Psychology & Psychiatry 40 Cognitive Assessment Parent Consent I give consent for my child to take part in the cognitive assessment described in the information sheet (which I keep for my records), that is part of Monash University’s course requirements for doctoral level Psychology students. I understand that no feedback will be provided about my child’s performance because the assessment is not valid due to the level of inexperience of the student. I understand that any information I provide is confidential, and that no information that could lead to the identification of any individual will be disclosed in any reports on the project, or to any other party. I also understand that my child’s participation is voluntary, that I can choose for my child not to participate in part or all of the cognitive assessment, and that I can withdraw my child at any stage of the assessment. For quality assurance purposes, lecturers in the course may need to contact you. Hence, we request your contact details below. If you have any concerns or questions about the cognitive assessment please do not hesitate to contact me further on 9902 4561 (or email: nicole.rinehart@monash.edu). Name of Student conducting assessment: Parent Name: Parent Signature: Date____________________________ Parent Telephone Parent Mailing Address: 41 Clinical Neuropsychology DPSY6204 Year 2, Semester 2 Coordinator: Class time and venue: Dr Rene Stolwyk Room 543, Building 17, Clayton Campus Phone +61 3 9902 0099 Rene.Stolwyk@monash.edu Fridays, from 1.00pm – 2.30pm Seminar Room (651), 6th Floor, Building 17, Monash University, Clayton Campus Objectives The aims and objectives of this unit are 1. To understand the roles played by the clinical neuropsychologist in health settings. 2. To become familiar with brain-behaviour relationships. 3. To develop skills in the understanding of several leading neuropsychological tests. 4. To become familiar with leading causes of brain injuries and illnesses and the effects these may have on cognitive and psychological functioning. 5. To understand the rehabilitation process as it is applied to those with neurological impairment. Assessment: Assessment Task 1: Participation Details of task: Weighting: Hurdle requirement Due Date: ongoing Satisfactory attendance and participation are required to pass the unit. Assessment Task 2: Case Report Series (3) Details of task: Weighting: 100% Due Date: 5.00pm, Monday 24th October The cases will be provided in week 9. Unit Schedule Week Topic Presenter 1 Introduction to Neuropsychology Jennie Ponsford 2 Structural & Functional Neuroanatomy Rene Stolwyk 3 Neuropsychological Assessment Rene Stolwyk 4 Interpreting a Neuropsychological Assessment Rene Stolwyk 42 Week Topic Presenter 5 Report Writing, Feedback & Recommendations Rene Stolwyk 6 Dementia Georgia Lowndes 7 Competency Assessment Georgia Lowndes 8 Traumatic Brain Injury Jennie Ponsford 9 Substance Abuse Jennie Ponsford 10 Neuropsychiatric Disorders Dana Wong 11 Learning Disabilities Renee Testa 12 Rehabilitation and psychological therapy with neurologically-impaired individuals Jennie Ponsford Recommended Reading Hodges, J. (2007). Cognitive Assessment for Clinicians (2nd Ed.) New York: Oxford University Press. Lezak, M.D., Howieson, D.B., Loring, D.W., Hannay, H.J. & Fischer, J.S. (2004). Neuropsychological Assessment (4th Ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. Ponsford, J.E., Sloan, P., & Snow, P. (1995). Traumatic brain injury: Rehabilitation for everyday adaptive living. East Sussex, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Snyder, P.J., Nussbaum, P.D., & Robins, D. L. (2006). Clinical Neuropsychology: A pocket handbook for assessment (2nd ed). Washington: American Psychological Association. Strauss, E., Sherman, E.M.S. & Spreen, O. (2006). A compendium of neuropsychological tests (3rd edition). New York: Oxford University Press. 43 Fundamentals of Professional Practice DPSY5104 Year 1, Semester 1 Coordinator: Class time and venue: Dr Michael Daffern Monash University (Clayton) - Tuesday and Friday Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science - Monday, Wednesday and Thursday Ph +61 3 9905 1196 (Clayton) / 9947 2600 (CFBS) michael.daffern@monash.edu Tuesdays, 1:30pm - 4:30pm, Colloquium room (653), 6th floor, Building 17, Clayton Campus. Counselling videos will be conducted in the Clinical Psychology Centre (Notting Hill campus). Other teaching staff Dr Sabura Allen will facilitate the counselling skills workshop and counselling videos. Ph +61 3 9905 4725 sabura.allen@monash.edu Professor Lenore Manderson will provide the Intercultural and Ethnic Issues lectures. lenore.manderson@monash.edu Objectives The course is divided into three sections: 1. Counselling: The Counselling section of the course will comprise 2 full-day seminars held prior to the semester and 3 classes held during the semester. In this section, students will acquire knowledge about the basic counselling skills and structures required to conduct an initial assessment interview and therapy sessions in general. This knowledge includes an understanding of theory-based approaches to the interpersonal aspect of providing therapy and acquisition of skills, such as professional behaviour, observation, non-verbal communication, attending, listening, questioning, and challenging. 2. Ethics and Professional Standards: The Ethics and Professional Standards section of the course will comprise 7 lectures held during the semester in which students will be exposed to the ethical, legal and professional issues that face psychologists across a wide range of areas of professional practice. The Australian Psychological Society Codes of Ethics will form the basis of the investigation into ethics in practice. In addition, students will learn about the legal and regulatory mechanisms that regulate psychologists. By the completion of this course, students should have gained an understanding of the complexities of applying legal, ethical and professional standards and have developed knowledge and expertise in reaching these decisions. 3. Intercultural and Ethnic Issues: The Intercultural and Ethnic Issues section will comprise three lectures held during the semester. In this section, students will develop an understanding of intercultural and ethnic issues in dealing with clients, such as immigrant and indigenous populations. Students will become sensitive to 44 the needs of people from a range of cultural backgrounds, especially Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians. Teaching Method Material will be presented in various formats including didactic teaching and experiential components such as role-playing the application of counselling skills. The classes will involve discussion of actual and hypothetical situations involving intercultural issues and ethical dilemmas. Lectures will be supplemented by readings and handouts. Students must familiarise themselves with the material prior to class to facilitate an informed class discussion on the issues. Assessment Satisfactory attendance and participation are required to pass the unit. Attendance is mandatory for each of the full-day seminars. These assignments will be discussed in further detail before each assignment is due. Assessment Task 1: Counselling skills videos and self-assessment Details of task: Weighting: Hurdle Requirement Due Date: 23rd March Students are required to complete two 20-minute counselling skills videos (peer and non-peer) during class time, and then submit a self-evaluation of the non-peer counselling skills video. These tasks will be assessed on a pass/fail basis. A pass mark is required for these tasks to satisfactorily complete the course. Assessment Task 2: Examination Details of task: Weighting: 100% Date: 31st May, 9am -12pm The final examination will comprise multiple choice questions, short answer questions, and essay questions focussing on intercultural issues and ethical, legal, and professional issues. It will be an open book exam. Unit Schedule Week Topic 9/2/11 Introduction to Clinical Practice and Basic Counselling Skills Workshop 1 16/2/11 Introduction to Clinical Practice and Basic Counselling Skills Workshop 2 1 Peer counselling videos (Clinical Psychology Centre) 2 Peer counselling video feedback (Clinical Psychology Centre) 3 Non-peer counselling videos (Clinical Psychology Centre) 4 Ethical guidelines, registration and the legal framework: Important legislation and guides 45 Week Topic 5 Informed consent and confidentiality, incapacity 6 Suicide and risk of harm to others 7 8 Duty to protect third parties: Reporting child abuse and neglect, and criminal activity Relationships with clients: Professional boundaries and multiple relationships, sexual intimacies and physical contact 9 Ethical considerations in academia (esp. research) and private practice 10 Intercultural and ethnic issues 1 11 Intercultural and ethnic issues 2 12 Intercultural and ethnic issues 3 Final examination Required Reading Australian Psychological Society (2007).Code of ethics. Melbourne, Vic: Author. Australian Psychological Society (2007).Ethical guidelines. Aust: Author. Recommended reading Allan, A. (2008). Law and Ethics in Psychology: An international perspective. Somerset West, South Africa: Inter-Ed Publishers. Additional materials: Additional reading materials as assigned will made available to students. 46 Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine DPSY6107 Year 2, Semester 1 Coordinator: Class time and venue: Dr Michael Daffern Monash University (Clayton) - Tuesday and Friday Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science - Monday, Wednesday and Thursday Ph +61 3 9905 1196 (Clayton) / 9947 2600 (CFBS) michael.daffern@monash.edu Fridays, 1:00 pm - 4:00 pm, Seminar Room (651), 6th floor, Building 17, MU Clayton Campus Unit summary This unit provides an advanced level introduction to the related fields of health psychology and behavioural medicine. It focuses on what is referred to by the APS College of Health Psychologists as the ‘core specialist content’ of health psychology. The term ‘health psychology’ emerged in the mid 1970s to describe the application of psychological theory and practice to physical health problems. The most widely used definition of health psychology states that: “Health psychology is the aggregate of the specific educational, scientific and professional contributions of the discipline of psychology to the promotion and maintenance of health, the prevention and treatment of illness, and the identification of etiologic and diagnostic correlates of health, illness, and related dysfunction, and the analysis and improvement of the health care system and health policy formation.” (Matarazzo, 1980, p.4). This definition reflects the broad domain of the field, which ranges from factors that determine a person’s health and those that promote health (health promotion) to those that influence a person’s ability to cope with illness (clinical health psychology). Objectives By the completion of this unit, it is expected that students will be able to: Understand the scope of the related fields of health psychology and behavioural medicine, and their history. Understand the systems of the body that underlie health and disease. Comprehend the prevalence of different chronic diseases and factors that affect prevalence rates. Understand how behaviour and lifestyle relates to health. Understand the main models of health behaviour and behaviour change. Understand the goals and methods of health promotion and the prevention of disease. Understand how to develop conceptual models of patient problems, and how to plan and implement interventions based on the model and the relevant empirical literature. 47 Understand the major chronic diseases that affect morbidity and mortality, that is, cancer and cardiovascular disease, from a behavioural perspective. Understand how to assess and manage, or contribute to the management, of a number of exemplar disorders/problems namely chronic headache, smoking tobacco, overweight and obesity, cancer and cardiovascular disease. Understand how to increase patient adherence with advice from health professionals. Understand models of stress and the stress-moderating variables of coping and social support; how to measure these constructs; and methods of stress management. Understanding how patients feel when asked by psychologists to complete ‘homework assignments’ and self-monitoring. Teaching method Learning objectives 1 to 11 – the seminars – presentations followed by discussion between presenter and students. Learning objective 12 – completing ‘homework assignments’ and self-monitoring. Assessment The students will be expected to participate in all seminars. At least 80% seminar attendance (i.e., 10 seminars) will be a hurdle requirement for passing the unit (unless medical certificates or equivalent are produced). These first two tasks relate to objective 12. Assessment Task 1: Relaxation practice records and experience summary Details of task: Length: 200 words Weighting: Hurdle Requirement Due Date: 15th April Students will be provided with a relaxation CD and forms for self-monitoring relaxation practice at the seminar on Friday 18th March. You will be required to practise relaxation for 30 minutes once per day for two weeks. At the end of the two-week period, you must write a summary on what the experience of the relaxation practice and self-monitoring was like. The relaxation practice records and experience summary must be submitted to the unit coordinator at the seminar on Friday 15th April. Assessment Task 2: Food diary and experience summary Details of task: Length: 200 words Weighting: Hurdle Requirement Due Date: 6th May Students must complete a record of all the food and drink that they consume over a two-week period. Forms on which to keep these records will be handed out at the seminar on Friday 8th April. At the end of the two-week period, you must write a 200-word summary on what the experience of self-monitoring food intake was like for them. The food diaries and experience summary must be submitted to the unit coordinator at the seminar on Friday 6th May. 48 Assessment Task 3: Take home examination Details of task: Weighting: 100% Due Date: 3 June 2011 The students will be given a take home exam after completion of all the seminars. The details of the exam will be provided at the first seminar. The exam will ask questions related to the 12 seminars. This requirement relates to objectives 1 to 11. Unit Schedule Week Topic 1 Introduction to health psychology 2 Cancer 3 Stress, coping, social support and stress management 4 An integrated approach to conceptualising disorders, assessment and treatment: Panic Disorder 5 Peri-natal Mental Health 6 Overweight and obesity and ‘orthorexia’ 7 An integrated approach to conceptualising disorders, assessment and treatment: IBS 8 Good Friday Holiday – No Seminar 9 Diabetes 10 Cardiovascular disease 11 Substance use disorders 12 Pain management Note: The dates for these lectures may change Recommended Reading Journals The journals which are most focussed on health psychology and behavioural medicine are the following: Annals of Behavioral Medicine (1979-) Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being (2009-) British Journal of Health Psychology (1996-) Health Psychology (1982-) Journal of Behavioral Medicine (1978-) Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings (1995-) Journal of Health Psychology (1996-) Psychology and Health (1987-) Psychology Health and Medicine (1996-) 49 Special issue Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2002, volume 70, no. 3 – ‘Behavioral medicine and clinical health psychology’. Review articles and chapters Adler, N., & Matthews, K.A. (1994). Health and psychology: Why do some people get sick and some stay well? Annual Review of Psychology, 45, 229-259. Baum, A., &Posluszny, D.M. (1999). Health psychology: Mapping biobehavioral contributions to health and illness. Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 137163. Cohen, S., & Herbert, T.B. (1996).Health psychology: Psychological factors and physical disease from the perspective of human psychoneuroimmunology. Annual Review of Psychology, 47. Davidson, K.W. et al. (2003). Evidence-based behavioural medicine: What is it and how do we achieve it? Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 26, 161-171. Edelmann, R.J. (1994). An introduction to health psychology. In S.J.E. Lindsay & G.E. Powel (Eds.), The handbook of clinical adult psychology (2nd ed.) (pp. 486-513). London: Routledge. Leventhal, H., Weinman, J., Leventhal, E.A, & Philips, L.A. (2008). Health psychology: The search for pathways between behavior and health. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 477-505. Milgrom, J., Nathan, P.R., & Martin, P.R. (1996). Health psychology: Overview and practice in a general hospital setting. In P.R. Martin & J.S. Birnbrauer (Eds.), Clinical psychology: Profession and practice in Australia (pp. 191235). Melbourne: Macmillan. Miller, G., Chen, E., & Cole, S.W. (2009). Health psychology: Developing biologically plausible models linking the social world and physical health. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 501-524. Nathan, P.R., Milgrom, J., & Martin, P.R. (1996). Health psychology: Theoretical context and clinical applications. In P.R. Martin & J.S. Birnbrauer (Eds.), Clinical psychology: Profession and practice in Australia (pp. 161-190). Melbourne: Macmillan. Ray, O. (2004). How the mind hurts and heals the body. American Psychologist, 59, 1-12. Schneiderman, N., Antoni, M.H., Saab, P.G., &Ironson, G. (2001). Health Psychology: Psychosocial and biobehavioural aspects of chronic disease management. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 535-580. Stanton, A., Revenson, T.A., &Tennen, H. (2007). Health psychology: Psychological adjustment to chronic disease. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 565-592. Taylor, S.E., &Repetti, R.L. (1997). Health psychology. What is an unhealthy environment and how does it get under the skin? Annual Review of Psychology, 48, 411-447. 50 Books Abraham, C. (2008). Health Psychology. London: Hodder Education. Allen, F.C.L. (2010). Health psychology and behaviour in Australia.North Ryde, NSW: McGraw-Hill Australia. Baum, A., Newman, S., Weinman, J., West, R., &McMannus, C. (Eds.). (1997). Cambridge handbook of psychology, health and medicine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Belar, C.D.,&Deardorff, W.W. (1995). Clinical health psychology in medical settings: A practitioner’s guidebook. Washington DC: APA. Brannon, L., &Feist, J. (2010). Health psychology: An introduction to behavior and health (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth. Caltabiano, M.L., &Sarafino, E.P. (2002). Health psychology: Biopsychosocial interactions: An Australian perspective. Milton, Qld: John Wiley & Sons Australia. Camic, P.M., & Knight, S.J. (Eds.). (2004). Clinical handbook of health psychology: A practical guide to effective interventions (2nd ed.). Seattle, WA: Hogrefe& Huber. Connor, M., & Norman, P. (Eds.). (1995). Predicting health behaviour. Buckingham: Open University Press. Crossley, M.L. (2000). Rethinking health psychology. Buckingham: Open University Press. Curtis, A.J. (2000). Health psychology. New York: Routledge. Goreczny, A.J. (Ed.). (1995). Handbook of health and rehabilitation psychology. New York: Plenum. Gurung, R.A.R. (2010). Health psychology: A cultural approach (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. Jones, K., &Creedy, D. (2008). Health and human behaviour (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Lyons, A.C. & Chamberlain, K. (2006). Health psychology: A critical introduction. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Marks, D.F. (2005).Health psychology: Theory, research and practice (2nd ed.). London: SAGE. Michie, S., & Abraham, C. (2004).Health psychology in practice. Blackwell. Niven, N. (2000).Health psychology for health care professionals (3rd ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Ogden, J. (2004). Health psychology: A textbook. Berkshire: Open University Press. 51 Resnick, R.J., &Rozensky, R.H. (Eds.). (1996). Health psychology through the life span: Practice and research opportunities. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Suls, J., &Wallston, K.A. (2003). Social foundations of health and illness. Blackwell. Sutton, S., Baum, A., & Johnston, M. (Eds.). (2004). The SAGE handbook of health psychology. London: SAGE. White, C.A. (2001). Cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic medical problems: A guide to assessment and treatment in practice. Chichester, England: Wiley. Health Promotion Resources Useful websites American Journal of Health Behavior http://www.ajhb.org Australian Institute of Health and Welfare http://www.aihw.gov.au Cancer Council of Victoria http://www.cancervic.org.au Australian Department of Health and Aged Care http://www.health.gov.au Centre for Health Program Evaluation http://chpe.buseco.monash.edu.au/ Communicable Diseases Australia http://www.cda.gov.au/ Health Promotion on the Internet http://www.monash.edu.au/health/HD/general Australian Health Promotion Association http://www.healthpromotion.org.au Health Psychology http://www.apa.org/journals/hea.html Health Promotion Forum http://www.hpforum.org.nz Hunter Institute for Mental Health:Mind Matters http://online.curriculum.edu.au/mindmatters/evaluation/evaluation.htm Institute for Health Promotion Research- University of British Columbia http://www.ihpr.ubc.ca/ International Journal for Health Promotion and Education http://www.ldb.org/iuhpe/index.htm International Journal of Epidemiology http://ije.oupjournals.org/ 52 Internet Journal of Health Promotion http://elecpress.monash.edu.au/IJHP/ Medical Journal of Australia http://www.mja.com.au/ Transport Accident Commission (Victoria) http://www.tac.vic.gov.au Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (VicHealth) http://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au World Health Organisation http://www.who.int Reports Australian Bureau of Statistics.(2003.) Australian social trends. Canberra, ACT: Author. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2004). The burden of disease and injury in Australia. Canberra, ACT: Author. World Health Organisation. (1997). New players for a new era: Leading health promotion into the 21st century, Jakarta Declaration. Geneva: Author. 53 Psychological Assessment Part 1 DPSY5102 Year 1, Semester 1 Coordinator: Class time and venue: Dr Rene Stolwyk Room 543, Building 17, Clayton Campus Phone: +61 3 990 20099 rene.stolwyk@monash.edu Wednesdays, 1:30 pm - 4:00 pm, Colloquium Room (653), 6th floor, Building 17, MU Clayton Campus. Unit summary This unit will address fundamental issues associated with clinical assessment. You will be exposed to a range of the most commonly used psychological instruments and scales. We will cover Behavioural Assessment, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – IV (WAIS-IV), and the Wechsler Memory Scale – IV (WMS-IV) in particular detail. Objectives On completion of this unit students should: Understand the principles of psychological measurement and their application; Have become proficient in the administration, scoring and interpretation of some of the most commonly used psychological tests; and Show competency in evaluating psychometric instruments for research purposes and in screening referrals for psychometric assessment, selecting appropriate tests, integrating results and providing oral and written communication of results to interested parties. Workshops Prior to the first class, students will undertake the following two workshops. WAIS-IV workshop: Tuesday 22nd February 9.30am to 4.00pm Lab A (Room 132), 1st Floor, Building 17, Clayton Campus This workshop will be presented by Dr Rene Stolwyk and will provide you the opportunity to learn general administration and scoring principles of the WAIS-IV and an opportunity to see and use the test materials for the first time in a group environment. WMS-IV workshop: Wednesday 23rd February 9.30am to 4.00pm Lab A (Room 132), 1st Floor, Building 17, Clayton Campus This workshop will be presented by Dr Dana Wong and Dr Adam McKay and will provide you the opportunity to learn general administration and scoring principles of the WMS-IV and gain familiarity with the test materials. 54 Assessment Satisfactory attendance and participation are required to pass the unit. All other components of assessment must attain a pass standard at least. These components are described below. Assessment Task 1: Take home exercise A Details of task: Topic: Psychometric issues Weighting: 5% Due Date: Week 2 Details will be distributed in class in Week 1. Assessment Task 2: Take home exercise B Details of task: Topic: Behavioural assessment Weighting: 15% Due Date: Week 3 Details will be distributed in class in Week 2. Assessment Task 3: Administration of WAIS-IV and WMS-IV Details of task: Weighting: Hurdle Requirement Due Date: Week 8 All students are required to administer the WAIS-IV and the WMS-IV multiple times prior to the practical exam. Problems encountered during these assessments can be discussed in class. All students must submit two completed WAIS-IV record forms and one WMS-IV record form. Assessment Task 4: WAIS-IV practical exam Details of task: Weighting: 20% Due Date: Week 8 Students must demonstrate a basic understanding of the administration and scoring procedures of the selected subtests. This will be held in Rooms 433 and 434, 4th Floor, Building 17, Clayton Campus. Assessment Task 5: Oral Presentation Details of task: Weighting: 20% Due Date: Week 11/12 Each student will present a 10-minute talk and prepare a class handout on a clinically relevant psychological test. These will be negotiated in the first class. Tests commonly used in the psychological arena will be selected so students gain exposure to these tools. Assessment Task 6: Psychological report Details of task: Length: 800 words or less Weighting: 40% Due Date: Week 12 55 Students will prepare a report outlining the results of a psychological assessment using the WAIS-IV and WMS-IV. Unit Schedule Week Topic 1 2 3 4 5 6 Introduction to psychological assessment Behavioural assessment *Psychometric issues assignment due Theory of intelligence testing Scoring and interpreting the WAIS-IV Part 1 *Behavioural assessment assignment due Scoring and interpreting the WAIS-IV Part 2 Psychometrics and theory of memory testing Administering, scoring and interpreting the WMS–IV Parts 1 and 2 Administration, scoring & interpreting the WAIS-III and WMS-III Reassessment issues in clinical practice Presenter/s Rene Stolwyk Michael Daffern Rene Stolwyk Rene Stolwyk & Dana Wong Dana Wong Rene Stolwyk & Georgia Lowndes 7 Integrating assessment information to formulate cases Georgia Lowndes 8 *WAIS-IV Administration practical exam *WAIS-IV (x2) and WMS-IV record forms due 9 Report writing Rene Stolwyk & Georgia Lowndes Georgia Lowndes & Sabura Allen 10 Clinical issues & providing feedback Georgia Lowndes 11 *Student test presentations Rene Stolwyk 12 *Student test presentations *Psychological report due Rene Stolwyk * Represent assessment components Required Reading Groth-Marnat, G (2009). Handbook of Psychological Assessment (5th Ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. Recommended Reading Lichtenberger, EO & Kaufman, AS (2009). Essentials of WAIS-IV Assessment. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Drozdick, L.W., Holdnack, J.A., Hilsabeck, R.C. (2011). Essentials of WMS-IV Assessment. New York: John Wiley & Sons. (Available February 2011) Lezak, M. D., Howieson, D. B., Loring, D. W., Hannay, H. J., & Fischer, J.S. (2004).Neuropsychological assessment (4th Ed.). New York: Oxford University Press: 56 Psychological Assessment Part 2 DPSY5202 Year 1, Semester 2 Coordinator: Class time and venue: Dr J. Sabura Allen Ph: +61 3 990 54725 sabura.allen@monash.edu Wednesday, 10:00 am - 1:00 pm, Seminar Room (651), 6th floor, Building 17, MU Clayton Campus Objectives By the completion of this unit, it is expected that students will be able to: 1. develop an understanding of the role of client assessment in applied psychology. 2. develop an understanding of the theoretical underpinnings of behavioural and personality assessment. 3. develop skills in behavioural assessment including development, implementation, and evaluation of behavioural assessments. 4. develop skills in administration, scoring, interpretation, and integration of selected personality assessment techniques. 5. gain an understanding of issues surrounding the assessment of individuals from various types of subcultures, including inter-cultural, ethnic, and special populations. 6. develop skills in the written presentation of assessment findings. Teaching method Each session will include both lecture and experiential components. Experiential components will include planning for assessments, administration and scoring assessment examples, interpreting results, and report writing. Assessment Assessment Task 1: Exam Details of task: Weighting: 15% Length: 1 Hour Due Date: Week 3 The exam will include both multiple choice and short answer questions on the behavioural assessment lectures and material. Assessment Task 2: Psychological Assessment Report 1 Details of task: Length: 1,500 words Weighting: 30% Due Date: Week 8 Students are to write selected sections of a report. Materials provided require scoring of responses, interpretation of assessment findings, and preparation of selected report sections. 57 Assessment Task 3: TAT Administration Details of task: Weighting: 7.5% Due Date: Week 10 Administer the TAT to a colleague or friend. Prepare a typed transcript of the administration for submission. Assessment Task 4: TAT Scoring Details of task: Weighting: 7.5% Due Date: Week 10 A previously administered TAT will be provided for scoring interpretation, including preparation of an analyses sheet for each story and a theme summary. Assessment Task 5: Psychological Assessment Report 2 Details of task: Length: 3,000 words Weighting: 40% Due Date: Examination week (week after Week 12) Write a full report. Materials provided require scoring, interpretation and integration of assessment findings and preparation of report sections. In JSA’s Pigeonhole by 5:00 pm Unit Schedule Week Lecture Topics Relevant Readings Handouts 2 Review syllabus Behavioural Assessment Behavioural Assessment 3 MMPI-2 Graham, Ch. 1-3, 4 4 MMPI-2 … continued Graham, Ch. 5-7 5 MMPI-2 … continued Graham, Ch. 7-8, 11 6 Handouts 9 Rorschach Technique-Exner Method Rorschach Technique-Exner Method Rorschach Technique-Exner Method TAT 10 TAT … continued 11 Personality Assessment Inventory 12 PAI…continued 1 7 8 Assessments Exam Report 1 due Handouts TAT Administration TAT Scoring Handouts Report 2 due 58 Required Reading Graham, J.R. (2005). MMPI-2: Assessing Personality and Psychopathology (4thed). New York: Oxford University Press. 59 Psychopathology Part 1 DPSY5101 & Part 2 DPSY5201 Year 1, Semester 1 & 2 Coordinator: Class time and venue: Dr Audrey McKinlay Ph: +61 3 9905 3945 audrey.mckinlay@monash.edu Fridays, 1:00 pm - 4:30 pm, Dr Lillian Nejad Ph: +61 3 9905 1194 lillian.nejad@monash.edu Available on Wednesdays and Fridays Monash Medical Centre Psychological Medicine Seminar Room, 3rd floor, Psychiatry Building (P Block) 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton Other Venues: Double lectures may be held on campus, 6th floor, Bldg 17, MU Clayton campus Clinical interviews may be held at the Thomas Embling Hospital, Yarra Bend Road, Fairfield. Unit summary Psychopathology Part I and II are designed to impart students with a working knowledge of mental disorders. The units also aim to equip students with the clinical skills required to assess, formulate and diagnose clients presenting with a variety of clinical conditions. DPSY5101 Objectives By the completion of this unit, it is expected that students will be able to: 1. conduct a clinical interview with a client with another student, incorporating a mental status examination, 2. be familiar with major classes of psychiatric illness, 3. complete a thorough and accurate written psychiatric history of a client, and 4. effectively and appropriately contribute to case analyses regarding formulation and diagnoses and reflect upon and evaluate own and others’ assessment/clinical interviewing skills DPSY5201 Objectives By the completion of this unit, it is expected that students will be able to: 1. conduct a clinical interview independently, incorporating a mental status examination; 2. be familiar with major classes of psychiatric illness, 3. complete thorough and accurate psychological reports based on clinical assessment and other resources, 4. be competent in the formulation and diagnosis of a wide variety of psychiatric problems, and 5. effectively and appropriately contribute to case discussions regarding formulation and diagnoses and reflect upon and evaluate own and others’ assessment/clinical interviewing skills 60 Teaching method Each class will commence with a seminar focused on forming an understanding of the phenomenology and aetiology of major psychiatric syndromes. These seminars will be presented by staff from Monash University and various clinical agencies. The second half of most classes will focus on the development of skills in conducting assessments including interviewing patients, developing formulations and writing reports. This will involve students interviewing real patients who have volunteered to participate in practice interviews followed by group discussions regarding the content and process of the interviews. Assessment Satisfactory attendance and participation are required to pass the unit. All components of assessments must attain at least a pass standard. If a component receives a fail mark, then the student will have one week to resubmit their work following feedback from the marker. Late submissions will be penalised by 10% per day. DPSY5101 Assessment Task 1: Mental Status Examination 1: Based on a client interviewed during class Details of task: Length: 1000 words Weighting: 10% Due Date: Week 6 Assessment Task 2: Mental Status Examination 2: Based on a client interviewed during class Details of task: Length: 1000 words Weighting: 20% Due Date: Week 9 Assessment Task 3: Psychological Report 1: Based on a client interviewed during class Details of task: Length: 1500 words Weighting: 30% Due Date: Week 11 Assessment Task 4: End of semester test Details of task: Length: 1 Hour Weighting: 40% Due Date: Week 12 To assess knowledge of the readings and lectures and will entail multiple choice or short answers. DPSY5201 Assessment Task 1: Psychiatric History Report: Based on a client interviewed during class or on placement 61 Details of task: Length: Weighting: Due Date: 1500 words 20% Week 8 Assessment Task 2: Clinical Case Report: Based on client on placement and from at least two sources of information: client interview, family interview, file review, previous assessments etc. Details of task: Length: 3000 words Weighting: 40% Due Date: Week 12 Assessment Task 3: End of semester test Details of task: Length: 1 Hour Weighting: 40% Due Date: TBA To assess knowledge of the readings and lectures and will entail multiple choice or short answers. Unit Schedule DPSY5101 (Psychopathology I) - Timetable Semester 1 Week Topic 1 Lecture: Introduction to psychopathology and psychiatric classification Lecture: Introduction to clinical interviewing 2 Lecture: The Mental State Examination. Suicide risk assessment. Sample clinical interview 3 Double lecture: Depression 4 Double lecture: Anxiety 5 Clinical interviews Clinical interviews 6 Lecture: Psychosis I Clinical interviews 7 Lecture: Psychosis II Clinical interviews 8 Lecture: Psychosis III and bipolar disorder Clinical interviews 9 Lecture: Obsessive compulsive disorder Clinical interviews 10 Lecture: Post-traumatic stress disorder Clinical interviews 11 Double lecture: Personality disorders & Borderline personality disorder EXAM DATE TO BE ANNOUNCED Note: Dates for specific lecture topics may change depending on specialist lecturer availability. 62 Unit Schedule DPSY5201 (Psychopathology II) - Timetable Semester 2 Week Topic 1 Double lecture: Case formulation 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Lecture: Delirium. The Mini Mental State Examination. Clinical interviews Lecture: Mental health in older adults Clinical interviews Lecture: Substance-related disorders Clinical interviews Lecture: Mental health in people with intellectual disabilities Clinical interviews Lecture: Eating disorders Clinical interviews Lecture: Sleep disorders Clinical interviews Clinical interviews Lecture: Bereavement Clinical interviews– Thomas Embling Hospital (double session) 11 Lecture: Somatoform disorders Clinical interviews Double lecture: Psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder 12 Double lecture: Disorders of sexual functioning EXAM DATE TO BE ANNOUNCED Note: Dates for specific lecture topics may change depending on specialist lecturer availability. Required Reading American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington: APA. Useful Resources Barlow, D.H. (Ed.). (2007). Clinical handbook of psychological disorders, fourth edition. NewYork: The Guilford Press. Bloch, S. & Singh, B. S. (Eds.). (2007). Foundations of clinical psychiatry, third edition, Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. Gelder, M., Harrison, P., & Cowen, P. (2006). Shorter Oxford textbook of psychiatry, fifth edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hersen, M., Turner, S. M., & Beidel, D.C. (Eds.). (2007). Adult psychopathology and diagnosis, fifth edition. New York: Wiley. Morrison, J. (1995). The first interview: revised for DSM-IV. New York: Guilford Press. Oyebode, F. (2008). Sim’s symptoms in the mind: An introduction to descriptive psychopathology, fourth edition. London: Saunders. 63 Sadock, B. J. & Sadock, V.A. (2007). Kaplan and Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: behavioural sciences/clinical psychiatry, tenth edition. Maryland: Williams & Wilkins. World Health Organization (1992). The ICD-10 for Mental and Behavioural Disorders Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines; www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/ under ICD ADAPTATIONS. World Health Organization (2007) International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision, Chapter 5: Mental and behavioural disorders http://apps.who.int/classifications/apps/icd/icd10online 64 Psychopharmacology DPSY6105 Year 2, Semester 2 Coordinator: Class time and venue: Dr Jillian Broadbear Room 601, Building 17, MU Clayton Campus Phone: +61 3 990 53903 Jillian.Broadbear@monash.edu Fridays, 9:00 am - 12:00 pm, Weeks 17 only, Seminar Room (651), 6th floor, Building 17, MU Clayton Campus Unit summary In this unit students will obtain an understanding of the mechanisms by which the majority of drugs act. Drugs for the major mental disorders will be discussed with an emphasis on how and why these drugs are currently prescribed Objectives On completion of the unit students should: 1. Understand the basic concepts of psychopharmacology with particular reference to recent advances in the fields of psychiatric medication, cognitive enhancers and neuroprotective agents, and substance abuse; 2. Have a broad understanding of commonly prescribed psychoactive drugs, legal and illegal drugs and other commonly abused substances. 3. Be able to comment on the likely physiological and psychological effects in a particular individual of a specific drug (together with possible drug interactions), and to prepare a written report on the topic. 4. Be exposed to current issues in clinical psychopharmacology and in research concerning treatment approaches. Teaching method The course will consist of lectures and student presentations. Students are expected to read the relevant reference material before class. Assessment Satisfactory attendance and participation are required to pass the unit. All components of assessments must attain at least a pass standard. Assessment Task 1: One take-home short answer exam Details of task: Length: 1000-1500 words Weighting: 35% Due Date: Wed 21st September 2011 This exam will be an open book test based on lecture material, references (Usher text plus ADF/NIDA notes), and clinical applications of this information. 65 Assessment Task 2: Oral Presentation Details of task: Length: 15-20 mins Weighting: 25% Due Date: Weeks 3-6 during lecture times Students will present a brief talk with PowerPoint slides for 15-20 minutes, including class discussion. Topics and presentation dates will be selected in Week 1. Presenters should bring hard copies for all class members on the day of their presentation. Assessment Task 3: Semester Paper Details of task: Length: 2000 words maximum, excluding references Weighting: 40% Due Date: Wed 5th October 2011 This paper will involve a short review of a topic other than what was chosen for the oral presentation. To extend their range of knowledge, students are required to select topics that are sufficiently different from their thesis topic. The paper will cover the background to the particular issue, past and current research, and finally a short section on future directions. The paper will be presented in APA format. Some papers may be suitable for publication and students should write with this in mind. No Abstract is required. The paper must be submitted via email as an attachment as well as in hardcopy with a coversheet. Late submission without appropriate documentation will attract a 5% per day late penalty. Unit Schedule (Subject to change) Week 1 Topic 2 Introduction Neuropharmacology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Determinants of drug action Drugs used in Psychiatry Antidepressants Anxiolytics Bipolar Disorder Sleep Disturbances 3 Drugs used in Psychiatry Antipsychotics 4 66 Dependence, addiction and self-administration of drugs Required reading (~2hr) Usher et al. Psychopharmacolog y for Health Professionals, Chapters 1 & 2 Lecture Notes Usher et al. Chapters 4 & 5 Therapeutic Guidelines (pp 145186) Lecture Notes Lecture Notes Usher et al. Chapter 3 Therapeutic Guidelines (pp 119144) Lecture notes Usher et al. Activity ( ~ 3hr) Text books and other reference material Presentation and semester paper topics Lecture Lecture Lecture Student Presentations Lecture Student Presentations Week Topic – Alcohol, nicotine 5 6 7 Pain and opiate use Drugs of Abuse (party drugs, cannabis) and Treatment Options; Distribute take-home test Guest speaker or lecture Required reading (~2hr) Chapter 6 ADF and NIDA notes ADF and NIDA notes Lecture notes Usher et al. Chapter 6 ADF and NIDA notes Lecture notes Chapters TBA Activity ( ~ 3hr) Lecture Student Presentations Lecture Student Presentations Lecture Required Reading Psychopharmacology for Health Professionals. Usher, Foster and Bullock (2009) Elsevier Australia (Available through the Monash Clayton book shop) Reference Material Lecture slides (PowerPoint) will be provided in class. These slides will serve as the basis for the lecture notes, although additional information will be provided in class. There are a number of other textbooks that cover this material using different approaches. Students might like to use these as additional resources. Psychotropic Drugs. Keltner and Folks (4th Edition) Elsevier Australia A Primer of Drug Action. Julien (10th Edition) Worth Publishers Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications. Stahl (3rd Edition) Cambridge University Press Notes on Substances of Abuse from the Australian Drug Foundation website, (http://druginfo.adf.org.au/ and the major US site (http://www.nida.nih.gov). Therapeutic Guidelines: Psychotropic Drugs, 6th Edition, 2008 Therapeutic Guidelines Limited, Ground Floor, 23-47 Villiers St, Nth Melbourne, 3051 (Tel: 9329 1566)] This text is also available on-line through the Monash Library. Students are expected to source their own material for their semester paper. Jillian will be available, by appointment, to discuss this paper with students. 67 Research Methods in Professional Psychology DPSY5103 Year 1, Semester 1 Coordinator: Class time and venue: Prof Grahame Coleman Phone: +61 3 990 53956 Mobile: 0417 304596 Grahame.Coleman@monash.edu Wednesdays, 9:00 am - 11:30 am, Computer Lab B, 1st floor, Building 17, MU Clayton campus. Pre-requisites This unit assumes an understanding of p values, Type I and II errors, level of measurement, correlations, means, standard deviation, t-tests, and ANOVAs. However, the unit will further reinforce an understanding of these fundamental issues. Thus, students who feel their statistical knowledge is limited should nevertheless be able to complete this unit successfully. Unit summary This unit will equip students with the necessary skills to undertake research. Nonetheless, the primary motivation for this course concerns future employment. Research design and analysis are critical components of both academic and professional psychology. Objectives After completing this unit successfully, students should be able to undertake a comprehensive program evaluation as well as a single subject design, and complete their thesis, confidently, competently, and independently. Specifically, students should be able to: 68 Understand and design the main phases of the key research approaches, including program evaluations, single subject designs, experiments, quasi-experiments, and qualitative projects; Accommodate the considerations and complications of these approaches, such as sampling biases, spurious variables, common method variance, suppressors, nonrecursive relationships, confounds, consequential validity, asymmetric transfer, mediators, moderators, stakeholder needs, economic evaluation, family wise errors, power, autocorrelation, and nonlinear dynamics; Apply multivariate statistics techniques to address some of these complications, such as ANCOVA, discriminant function analysis, logistic regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, canonical correlation, and factor analysis; Recognize the fundamental principles of more advanced concepts, which can then be explored through additional reading, including HLM, grounded theory, survival analyses, meta-analyses, catastrophe theory, signal detection theory, ARIMA, interim designs, Bayesian theory, and structural equation modelling; Develop creative and insightful methods to maximise the utility of research; and Justify and report the procedures and techniques that were utilised. Teaching method During the first class, some of the key approaches to research will be outlined. A hypothetical program evaluation and single subject design, both of which will be customized to their own lives, will be discussed in some detail. Each subsequent class will comprise the following processes: First, a particular research principle, such as random allocation or spurious variables, will be introduced in a lecture format Second, an analytical technique that can redress these complications, while optimizing power, will be demonstrated, such as ANCOVA or logistic regression Third, the pertinence of this principle to experimental designs, program evaluation, and single subject designs will be discussed. Fourth, students will be granted the opportunity to read selected articles on some of the advanced implications of this principle, from a Wiki page developed specifically for this unit. Fifth, students will develop some hypothetical data that involves the variables they might utilise in their research, placements, or employment. Sixth, students will apply the techniques they acquired to these hypothetical data Finally, students will discuss the benefits and drawbacks of these procedures with the coordinator or other students. This format is intended to provide students with an opportunity to apply the skills they acquire to realistic and relevant data. Furthermore, this forum should facilitate progress on the research projects. Assessment Assessment Task 1: Journal Details of task: Weighting: 60% Due Date: 6th May 2011 During weeks 2 to 9, students will work in groups to apply statistical technique to some hypothetical data. The technique will be implemented to resolve a specific methodological issue. They should then maintain a journal, approximately one page each week, that: Specifies the variables that were analysed as well as the methodological issue this technique was intended to redress Reports the results, in the style of a scientific journal Discusses the conclusions and limitations of this procedure Students can utilise the same data for each analysis. Alternatively, students can update their data throughout the course. As a guide, to achieve exemplary grades, students should include references to the following issues each week. 69 Terms to use in each journal ANCOVA Multiple regression Random allocation Suppressor variable Interaction Multicolinearity Type I error rate Linearity Justification of the covariates Dummy variables Allocation of participants Cooks distance Power Power MANOVA Independence Justification of Wilks or Pillais Box’s M Single subject design Mediation or moderation Program evaluation Centring Sobel test Justification of hierarchical order DFA Construct validity Rotated structure matrix Fisher coefficients Group centroids Canonical analysis Implicit measures Canonical loadings Cross loadings Standardized coefficients. Logistic regression Spurious variable Wald statistics Odds ratios Factor analysis Rotated matrix Factor loadings Eigenvalues. Assessment Task 2: Examination Details of task: Weighting: 60% Due Date: TBA Students will complete one multiple-choice examination. This examination will comprise 50 questions. A mock examination will be provided several weeks earlier to facilitate students. None of the questions will demand knowledge of the topics that are designated as advanced. Unit Schedule The following table presents the topics that will be discussed. Topics presented in a bold typeface are presented to all students, to ensure the principal foundations are addressed. Topics not presented in a bold typeface will be directed only to students who need to understand specific issues for their research The order of topics roughly aligns to the order of issues that need to be considered when designing research. Furthermore, this order was designed to ensure that each statistical technique that students learn would extend the knowledge that was acquired during the previous lecture. 70 Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Research design Overview of key research approaches, such as program evaluations as well as single subject designs Statistical technique Overview of statistical techniques and philosophies Recruitment and allocation of participants Sampling procedures Blinding procedures Funnelling procedures Complications to each design Experiment, quasi, and correlational designs Between & within subject Single subject overview Program evaluation Momentary sampling Multilevel modelling Classification trees Asymmetric transfer Qualitative designs Constructionism Critical theory Ethnography Grounded theory ANCOVAs Internal validity Direction of causality Longitudinal designs Spurious variables Suppressors Non-recursive models External validity Manipulation checks Confounds Criterion biases Alternative forms of modelling Nonlinear dynamics Neural networks Signal detection theory Refinement of measures Multi trait multi method Implicit measures Response biases Validation of measures Process engagement Structural integrity Convergent validity Discriminant validity MANOVAs Interrupted time series Analysis of profiles Non parametric tests HLM Intention to treat analysis Discriminant function analysis Cross validation IPA & thematic analysis Narrative analysis Discourse analysis Conversational analysis Logistic regression Latent growth paths Survival analysis Multiple regression Meta-analysis Mediation and moderation Catastrophe theory Canonical correlation Optimal scaling Correspondence analysis MDS Categorical regression Rasch models Factor analysis CFA SEM 71 Week Research design Consequential validity Statistical technique 10 Implications of research Stakeholder analysis Communication 11 Post hoc considerations Hypothesis reformulation 12 Alternative philosophies Interim designs Bayesian theory Bootstrapping Power and effect size Power analyses Cost effectiveness analysis Cost utility and benefit Needs analysis Jack knife Exact, permutation tests ANOVAs Planned contrasts Interaction contrasts Simple effects Post hoc procedures Assumptions ARIMA Recommended Reading Students will be required to read some material each week. The following textbooks are recommended as ideal sources of information. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2000). Using multivariate statistics. Fourth edition. A comprehensive text on multivariate statistics. Hair Jr, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1995). Multivariate data analysis with readings. An introductory text on multivariate statistics. http://groups.google.com/groups?oi=djq&asugroup=sci.stat.consult. Students can utilise this website to ask renowned statisticians and researchers questions they cannot resolve themselves. 72 Theories and Techniques of Intervention Part 1 DPSY5203 Year 1, Semester 1 Coordinator: Class time and venue: Dr J. Sabura Allen Ph: +61 3 9905 4725 sabura.allen@monash.edu Fridays, 9:00 am - 12:00 pm, Seminar Room (651), 6th floor, Building 17, MU Clayton Campus Objectives Students completing the initial sessions of this unit should have a basic understanding of a range of different schools of therapy and the historical, scientific and social contexts surrounding their development and practice. Students should be conversant with the specific assumptions, concepts and techniques of the major schools of therapy and have some knowledge of relevant outcome literature. In addition, students should have a thorough understanding of the processes common to all forms of intervention. By the end of the unit, students should have proficiency in the particular skills of behavioural and cognitive-behavioural therapies and their application to a range of clinical problems. Students will be expected to be competent in selecting interventions for individuals and monitoring the progress of their application. Teaching method Each session will include both lecture and experiential components. Experiential components will include group discussion, viewing and discussion of videotapes, skills practice with other group members, feedback/discussion of audiotaped sessions, and providing resources for use in providing CBT therapy. Assessment Satisfactory attendance and participation are required to pass the unit. All of the remaining components of assessments are on a pass/fail basis. Students must attain a pass standard on all assessment components listed below. Additional information regarding assessment tasks will be provided in class. Assessment Task 1: CBT Rationale Details of Task: Length: 5-10 minutes Weighting: Hurdle requirement Due Date: Week 4 Students are required to make an in-class presentation of the CBT rationale as if presented to a client. Assessment Task 2: Audiotape 1 Details of Task: Length: Audiotape: 30-45 minutes: Self-assessment: 500 word maximum Weighting: Pass/Fail Due Date: Week 6 73 Students are required to make an audiotape/computer recording of themselves conducting an initial session of CBT with a pseudo-client. The audiotape must be accompanied by a self-assessment. Assessment Task 3: Audiotape 2 Details of Task: Length: Audiotape: 30-45 minutes: Self-assessment: 500 word maximum Weighting: Pass/Fail Due Date: Week 10 Students are required to make an audiotape/computer recording of themselves conducting a CBT session with a pseudo-client focused on developing adaptive thoughts. The audiotape must be accompanied by a self-assessment. Assessment Task 4: CBT Roleplay Details of Task: Length: 10-15 minutes Weighting: Hurdle requirement Due Date: Week 11 Students are required to make an in-class presentation of the development of adaptive thoughts by in a role-play with another student. Unit Schedule Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 Introduction To Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Where Did CBT Come From? Conceptualisation The CBT Way Initial Session Structuring Therapy Strategies for Modifying Automatic Thoughts Strategies …continued Relevant Readings Assessment Due Dates Beck, Ch. 1-2 Teyber, Ch. 2 Beck, Ch. 3-5, 14 Beck, Ch. 6-13 for next 2 weeks Handouts Handouts 8 Motivational Interviewing Client Responsibility Ineffective Coping Strategies, Transfer and CounterTransference, Relapse Prevention and Termination Anger Problems 9 10 11 Depression Anxiety Role Play Assessments Only Handouts Handouts 7 74 Lecture Topics Rationale Presentations Rationale Presentations Audiotape 1 Beck, Ch. 15 Teyber, Ch. 7-8,10 Handouts Audiotape 2 Role-plays Required Reading Beck, J. (1995). Cognitive Therapy Basics and Beyond. New York: Guilford Press. Recommended Reading Teyber, E. (2005). Interpersonal process in psychotherapy: An integrative model. (4th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing. 75 Theories and techniques of intervention Part 2 DPSY6103 Year 1, Semester 2 Coordinator: Class time and venue: Dr J. Sabura Allen Ph: +61 3 9905 4725 sabura.allen@monash.edu Wednesdays, 2:00 pm - 5:00 pm, Seminar Room (651), 6th floor, Building 17, MU Clayton Campus Objectives The main objectives of this course are as follows: To develop further skills in cognitive behaviour therapy. To develop the knowledge and skills to apply CBT and other integrative treatments to a variety of disorders under supervision. To develop knowledge and skills to design a CBT-focused treatment plan, To develop the skills to develop a treatment plan in a placement setting and report intervention outcomes, and To provide an awareness of some other modes of therapy and related underlying theory. Teaching method Each session will include both lecture and experiential components. Students will be advised of additional readings as applicable. Assessment Satisfactory attendance and participation are required to pass the unit. All other components of assessments must attain a pass standard. Additional information regarding assessments will be provided in class. Assessment Task 1: Case Study 1 Details of task: Length: 1,500 words Weighting: 25% Due Date: Week 6 Students must develop an extended treatment plan for a provided client scenario. Assessment Task 2: Resource Book Details of task: Topic: CBT-related Techniques Length: Variable (15 Handout maximum) Weighting: 40% Due Date: Week 9 Groups of two students will be formed to investigate and produce handouts related to a specific CBT-related topic. Assessment Task 3: Case Study 2 Details of task: Length: 1,500 words Weighting: 35% 76 Due Date: Week 12 Students must develop an extended treatment plan using a real client from their placement setting. Unit Schedule Week Topic* 1 Assessment Due Review Syllabus Eating Disorders 2 Behaviour Modification Topic and Group Members for Resource Book 3 Obsessive-Compulsive DisorderPsychopathology 4 Psychotic Phenomena 5 Disordered Sleeping Patterns 6 Distressed Couples 7 Problem Gambling 8 Family Treatment 9 Trauma 10 MBCT/MBSR 11 Acceptance and Commitment Therapy 12 Dialectical Behaviour Therapy Case Study 1 Resource Book Case Study 2 *Please note that these topics are not necessarily in the order that they will be presented. An updated syllabus will be provided at the start of the unit. Required Reading Barlow, D. H. (2008). Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders (4th ed.). New York: Guilford Press. Recommended Reading Reading materials as assigned and made available to students. 77 7 Third Year & Specialisations Congratulations on your progress thus far in the course. By now, the anxiety of the first year has passed. You have completed the essential coursework and practical training in general clinical psychology for the past two years. You have reached a point in the course where we trust that the development of your thesis is complete and the process of data collection is well underway (or at least nearing that point). For many students, commencing the specialisations is a particularly exciting time. Indeed, for many of you, this year will provide you with an opportunity to finally begin to develop advanced skills and to obtain experience in your chosen field within clinical psychology. We hope that the remaining time in the course will continue to be fulfilling and enjoyable. As you continue in your professional development, we would like to comment upon a few things. First, we shall endeavour to conduct the specialisations in a manner consistent with your level of professional development. As such, our expectations are high as we expect that you will be operating as professionals. Second, the internship experiences are intended to essentially parallel the experiences you will experience as beginning psychologists. To the extent possible, the internship experiences will allow you to work with an increasing level of independence, while you are still under supervision. Third, you are encouraged to openly and freely discuss any concerns you may have about the coursework, internship, or supervision, with the specialisation coordinators. While sometimes uncomfortable, such is a necessary aspect of any profession. Certainly, we do not anticipate any foreseen difficulties, but if something does arise, please bring it to our attention immediately. It is important to highlight, once again, the importance of your research. As you will have come to realise, the scientist practitioner model provides many advantages to clinical psychologists. Your critical skills, your understanding of the literature, and your ability to recognise and apply evidence-based practice have all been increased. The third year is designed to provide you with at least two working days per week to focus exclusively on the thesis. In our experience, the thesis is the component of the course that has held students up in their completion. With this in mind, we would encourage you to organise your time this year in such a way to maximise the attention paid to your thesis. Only by doing so, will you be able to complete on time next year. 78 Clinical Child, Adolescent, and Family Psychology Specialisation Part 1 DPSY7141 & Part 2 DPSY7241 Year 3, Semester 1 & 2 Coordinator: Class time and venue: Associate Professor Nicole Rinehart Thursdays, 9.30am – 12.30pm, Phone: +61 3 9902 4561 Nicole.Rinehart@monash.edu Meeting Room 3, Bldg 1, Notting Hill Campus. Some alternative times will be advised in advance for particular topics. Eligibility This specialisation is undertaken in the 3rd year. Students must have satisfactorily completed all coursework and placement requirements of the first two years of the degree. Specialisation Overview This specialisation provides students in clinical psychology with advanced training in clinical child, adolescent and family psychology. The specialisation consists of seminars, workshops, and ongoing clinical training. The specialisation will provide students with scholarly, theoretical and practical information to help prepare them to conduct advanced clinical assessment and treatment for infants, children, adolescents and their families. The clinical seminars, coursework and clinical training components of the specialisation are interrelated. The course is based on sound current theoretical and research bases, and draws on current understandings of normal child development, developmental psychopathology, neurobiology, attachment theory perspectives, family systems theory, psychodynamic theory, and cognitive and behavioural perspectives, in order to formulate understandings of clinical presentations. The emphasis is on the interpersonal world of the infant/child/adolescent, taking into account both the internal reality and the external environment of the child. The external environment includes the family, school, community, society, culture. Links between patterns of inner experience, external environment and outward behaviour are continually drawn. Seminal ideas and key concepts of clinicians and/or researchers such as John Bowlby, Anna Freud, Mary Ainsworth, Erik Erikson, Margaret Mahler, and Donald Winnicott, that continue to inform clinical understanding of and practice with children today, will be presented and discussed. Clinical child assessment is undertaken within a clinically nuanced and comprehensive framework which is informed by theory. The emphasis here is on assessing not only the presenting symptoms of the child, but also the developmental tasks in which the child is engaged, and the socio-cultural environment of the child, both past and present. Such a comprehensive assessment is required in order to determine both the type of intervention which is appropriate, and the level at which that intervention is to be undertaken ie child, parent, family, infant-parent, community etc. 79 Clinical interventions that are presented include: infant-parent psychotherapy, play therapy, behaviour therapy, cognitive-behavioural therapy, supportive therapy, psychodynamic therapy, family therapy, group therapy, liaison and secondary consultation with kindergartens, schools and other agencies. It is expected that students will acquire a reasonable knowledge, if not some experience, with each of these interventions over the course of the year. It is not expected that students will become thoroughly proficient in each of these therapeutic modalities- this will take much longer than one year and would require further study and training. Nevertheless it is expected that students will be able to determine which intervention, or combination, might be indicated for a case, and be able to implement such an intervention under supervision, or make an appropriate referral for such. Formal evaluation for the specialisation will include a comprehensive clinical assessment report, a comprehensive individual therapy report, and the design and evaluation of a group program appropriate to the internship setting, or other clinically relevant assessment. Students will also be expected to bring clinical material to seminars and to participate in case-based discussion. Theoretical and practical knowledge will also be assessed in the context of supervision through the course of the internship. Seminars and Coursework The seminars that form part of the specialisation consist of two units, one first seminar and one second semester, as well as relevant workshops. At this third year level, coursework (1 unit each semester) is oriented toward building on knowledge by focussed reading, case-based discussion, and coursework on relevant theory and advanced clinical issues in assessment and treatment. Internship The specialisation year is practically based around an internship in a relevant area. All students undertaking the specialisation will be required to complete an internship that will comprise 2 days per week of clinical work over the course of the year (usually February – December 2010), totalling 92 days. The internship will be located in relevant settings such as Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, the Monash University Clinical Psychology Centre, Take Two Berry Street, or other appropriate services focussing on child and/or adolescent mental health issues. Unit Summary The focus of these units is on (a) developmental theories and clinical assessment and (b) on clinical intervention in the field of clinical child psychology. Various methods of assessment applicable to infants, children and adolescents will be examined including interviews, self-report inventories, intelligence and achievement tests, projective tests including drawings, rating scales and behaviour observation, and students will gain practical skills in the administration, scoring and interpretation of a broad range of these psychological tests. Objectives The aim of the two units is to increase theoretical and practical knowledge of clinical psychological assessment and treatment for infants, children, adolescents, young adults and their families. At the conclusion of the specialisation students will be aware of various 80 theoretical approaches to clinical work with this population and have gained clinical experience in individual assessment and therapy with children and/or adolescents. Students should also gain experience in the planning, running and evaluation of group therapy with children or adolescents. At the conclusion of these units, students should be cognisant of – (a) normal child development, relevant developmental theories that inform clinical practice, and the variety of childhood disorders. Students should have developed sufficient clinical acumen to be able to conduct a comprehensive assessment of an infant, child, adolescent and their family that allows an informed formulation of the wider context in which the presenting clinical issues occur, and that takes into account developmental precursors and current developmental tasks. Recommendations and prognosis consistent with this formulation should be able to be made. (b) the spectrum of clinical interventions pertinent to this field, and have the skills to implement an appropriate intervention or therapeutic modality, under supervision, or to refer to an appropriate practitioner. These interventions include infant-parent psychotherapy, play therapy, behaviour therapy, cognitive-behavioural therapy, supportive therapy, psychodynamic therapy, family therapy, group therapy, liaison and secondary consultation with kindergartens, schools and other agencies. In addition some specific topics such as: psychopharmacology, cross-cultural issues in working with children, childhood chronic illness, trauma and critical incidents are included in the seminar topics, and students are expected to demonstrate their knowledge of these in their clinical case discussions and written assessment tasks. Assessment DPSY7141 (Semester 1) Assessment Task 1: Report 1 Details of task: Length: 3500-4000 words Weighting: 55% Due Date: Week 10 A report of a comprehensive assessment of a child or adolescent (including a range of structured and unstructured testing as appropriate as well as comprehensive clinical interviews) conducted as part of your internship. Assessment Task 2: Proposal & Analysis of Group Program Details of task: Length: 3500-4000 words excluding appendices Weighting: 35% Due Date: 24th June A comprehensive discussion and analysis of a short term structured group program in which you will participate during your internship. The discussion should include your proposal for the evaluation of the group. In certain circumstances a clinically relevant and equivalent alternative assignment may be negotiated with the Coordinator. 81 Assessment Task 3: Class Participation Details of task: Weighting: 10% This portion of the overall final mark and grade will be comprised of attendance, and the nature and quality of in-class contributions. DPSY7241 (Semester 2) Assessment Task 1: Report 2 Details of task: Length: 3500-4500 words Weighting: 55% Due Date: Week 10 A report of an individual therapy you have conducted with a child or adolescent for a minimum of 8 sessions, and preferably 4-6 months. Assessment Task 2: Evaluation of Group Program Details of task: Length: 3500-4500 words excluding appendices Weighting: 35% A comprehensive report of your evaluation of the group program in a form which could be presented to staff in your clinical setting. Assessment Task 3: Class Participation Details of task: Weighting: 10% This portion of the overall final mark and grade will be comprised of attendance, and the nature and quality of in-class contributions. Assessment Task 4: Logbook Details of task: Length: Variable Weighting: Hurdle Requirement A logbook documenting observational, assessment and therapeutic casework undertaken during the internship should also be submitted at the end of November to the Coordinator. This will enable an assessment to be made of the quantity, quality and range of clinical practice that has occurred. If it is assessed that there has been insufficient face-to-face client contact and breadth of experience then the student may be requested to continue with casework until sufficient experience for this level of training has been gained. Apart from these assessment requirements, interns will undertake appropriate clinical psychology work as required by the service providing the internship. 82 Unit Schedule – Semester 1 Week Topic Presenter A/Prof Nicole Rinehart 10/2/11 Introductory workshop Course introduction and overview An introduction to developmental theories and their clinical application MSE for children Report formats Individual Intern meetings with Coordinator 24/2/11 Individual Intern meetings with Coordinator A/Prof Nicole Rinehart 1 Projective Assessment Play Therapy Dr Catherine Matthews 2 Complex Adolescent Case Presentation Dr David Moseley 3 Case Presentations A/Prof Nicole Rinehart 4 Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Dr Leah Brennan 5 Practical dilemmas in clinical settings Dr Peter Brann 6 Mood Disorder and Suicidal Patients ( 2 hours) Dr Michael Gordon 3/2/11 A/Prof Nicole Rinehart A/Prof Nicole Rinehart 8 Review & Case Discussion (1 hr) Advanced: Cognitive and Learning Assessment of Children and Adolescents (NB: Lecture to be at Melbourne University) Attachment & Parenting Professor Louise Newman 9 Autism, Asperger’s disorder, and ADHD A/Prof Nicole Rinehart 10 Anxiety disorders Dr Glenn Melvin 11 Childhood Trauma Professor Louise Newman 12 Case Presentations & Unit Review A/Prof Nicole Rinehart 7 Dr Renee Testa The timetable for Semester II will be distributed in Semester I after confirmation of guest lecturer availability. Required Reading Blake, P. (2008). Child and adolescent psychotherapy. Melbourne: IP Communications. Fraiberg, S. (1959). The magic years. New York: Macmillan. Lancaster, S. (Ed.). (2003). Psychologists working with depression across the life-cycle. Melbourne: Australian Academic Press. 83 Rapoport, J., & Ismond, D. (1996). DSM-IV Training Guide for diagnosis of childhood disorders. New York: Brunner/Mazel. Rayner, E. (2005). Human development: An introduction to the psychodynamics of growth, maturity and ageing (4th ed.). London: Routledge. In addition there will be photocopied readings available in class that are expected to be read. Recommended Reading Atwood, T. (1998). Asperger’s Syndrome: A Guide for Parents and Professionals. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. (A full list of other texts on Autism and Asperger’s Disorder will be distributed in class). Axline, V. (1989). Play therapy. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1989. Axline, V. (1990). Dibs in search of self: personality development in play therapy. London: Penguin. Chandler, L.A., & Johnson, V. J. (1991). Using projective techniques with children: A guide to clinical assessment. Springfield, Il.: Charles Thomas. Cowling, V. (Ed.). (1999). Children of parents with mental illness. Melbourne: ACER. Daws, D. (1993).Through the night: Helping parents and sleepless infants. London: Free Association Books. Fonagy, P. et al. (2002). What works for whom? : A critical review of treatments for children and adolescents. New York , London: Guilford. Fonagy, P., & Target, M. (2003). Psychoanalytic theories: Perspectives from developmental psychopathology. London: Whurr. Fuller, A. (1998).From surviving to thriving: Promoting mental health in young people. Melbourne: ACER. Geldard, D., &Geldard, K. (2002). Counselling Children. London: Sage. Geldard, D., &Geldard, K. (2004). Counselling Adolescents. London: Sage. Giordano, M., Landreth, G., & Jones, L. (2005).A Practical Handbook for Building the Play Therapy Relationship.Lanham : Jason Aronson. Graham, P. (Ed.). (2005). Cognitive behaviour therapy for children and families.(2nd ed.).Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. Green, V. (Ed.). (2003). Emotional development in psychoanalysis, attachment theory and neuroscience. New York: Brunner-Routledge. Hobday, A. & Ollier, K. (1999). Creative Therapy: Activities with Children and Adolescents. Impact Publishers. Kronenberger, W.G., & Meyer, R. G. (2001). The child clinician’s handbook.(2nd ed.). Boston: Allyn& Bacon. 84 Lieberman, A. (1995). The emotional life of the toddler. New York, Sydney: The Free Press. McMahon, L. (1992). The handbook of play therapy. London: Routledge. Malchiodi, C.A. (1998). Understanding children’s drawings. New York: Guilford. Milgrom, J. Martin P., Negri, L. (1999). Treating postnatal depression: A psychological approach for health care practitioners. England, John Wiley & Sons. Murray, L., & Andrews, L. (2001). Your social baby: Understanding babies’ communication from birth. (Rev. ed.). Camberwell, Vic: ACER. Neven, R. S. (1996). Emotional milestones. Melbourne: ACER. Reid, S. (Ed). (1997). Developments in infant observation. London: Routledge. Rutter, M., & Taylor, E. (eds.). (2002). Child and adolescent psychiatry. Oxford: Blackwell. Salo, F., Re, J., & Wraith, R. (2002). Fractured attachments: The foundation of long-term difficulties. Melbourne: Department of Child Psychotherapy, RCH. Salo, F., & Wraith, R. (2001). Childhood depression: Why is it hard to understand? Melbourne: Department of Child Psychotherapy, RCH. Sattler, J.M. (2002). Assessment of children: Cognitive applications (4th ed.). San Diego: Jerome M. Sattler. Sattler, J. M. (2002). Assessment of children :Behavioral and clinical applications (4th ed.). San Diego, Calif. : Jerome M. Sattler Stern, D. (1985). The interpersonal world of the infant: A view from psychoanalysis and developmental psychology. New York: Basic Books. Stubbe, D. (2007). Child and adolescent psychiatry: A practical guide. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott. Tsiantis, J. (2000). Work with parents: Psychoanalytic psychotherapy with children and adolescents. London: Karnac. Zeanah, C. (Ed.). (2005). Handbook of infant mental health, (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford. Recommended Journals Recommended journals in which to find relevant articles on clinical child and adolescent psychology are the following (most of these can be accessed online through the Monash library databases): Child Psychiatry and Human Development Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 85 Advanced Health Psychology Specialisation DPSY7131 & DPSY7231 Year 3, Semesters 1 and 2 Coordinator: Class time and venue: Dr J. Sabura Allen Ph: +61 3 990 54725 sabura.allen@monash.edu Tuesdays, 9:30am – 12:30 pm, Seminar Room (651), 6th floor, Building 17, MU Clayton Campus Eligibility This specialisation is undertaken in the 3rd year of the Doctor of Psychology (Clinical) Degree at Monash University. Students must have satisfactorily completed all coursework and placement requirements of the first two years of the degree. Specialisation Overview These units provide advanced level training in health psychology. They build on DPSY6107 (Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine). The aim of DPSY7131 and DPSY7231 is to develop knowledge and skills in the area of health psychology. The emphasis will be on teaching concepts, models and methodologies that can be applied in a variety of settings to diverse problems. The focus will be on depth rather than comprehensiveness. DPSY7131 and DPSY7232 Objectives: DPSY7131 addresses clinical health psychology and will help students develop their clinical skills, that is, their ability to conceptualise clinical disorders, complete assessments and carry out treatment programs. These skills are necessary for the practice of clinical health psychology but also for the practice of clinical psychology and other professional speciality areas. One way of achieving this outcome will be through some integration of the internship and the coursework, both in terms of the lectures and assessments. By the completion of DPSY7131, it is expected that students will be able to: Understand how to develop conceptual models of patient problems, and how to plan and implement interventions based on the model and the relevant empirical literature. Understand how to assess and manage, or contribute to the management of a number of exemplar disorders namely chronic headache, overweight and obesity, diabetes, asthma, arthritis, postnatal depression, and HIV/AIDS. Know about minimal interventions and internet therapy in health psychology. Understand how to increase patient adherence with advice from health professionals. Understand about practising clinical/health psychology in rural and remote areas. DPSY7231 will extend the knowledge base established in DPSY7131 and will address health promotion. By the completion of DPSY7231, it is expected that students will be able to: 86 Understand global health issues. Understand individual, group and community approaches to health promotion, and community development. Understand gender and cultural issues in health promotion. Know how to plan and evaluate health promotion interventions. Format Students will be required to complete a health psychology internship that will take place over two days per week throughout the year. Classes will be based on presentation of information and discussion. DPSY7131 - Semester 1 Topics: Health stream organisation, including internships, assessment, etc Practising clinical/health psychology in a rural setting An integrated approach to conceptualising disorders, assessment and treatment Patient adherence with health instructions Minimal interventions and internet therapy in health psychology Overweight and obesity Diabetes Asthma Arthritis Women’s health Men’s health HIV/AIDS DPSY7231 - Semester 2 Topics: Introduction to the unit and Australia’s health care system Models of health promotion and social determinants of health Global health Consumer behaviour Health economics Gender and cultural issues in health promotion Individual and group approaches to health promotion Public health marketing: Community-wide approaches Community development strategies Screening and immunisation Planning health promotion interventions Evaluating health promotion interventions *Please note that these topics are not necessarily in the order that they will be presented. An updated syllabus will be provided at the start of the unit, which will include the names of the presenters. The presenters will primarily be health psychologists and clinical health psychologists who are knowledgeable in the area on which they present. 87 Assessment DPSY7131 Students will be expected to participate in all 12 seminars, and to complete two case reports, as described below. At least 80% seminar attendance (i.e., 10 seminars) will be a hurdle requirement for passing the unit. Case reports must achieve a pass mark. Assessment Task 1: Logbook Details of task: Length: Variable Weighting: Hurdle requirement Due Date: Approximate - Friday, December 9, 2011 Students are required to maintain a logbook documenting their activities during their internship. The logbook should be submitted at the end of the internship. Assessment Task 2: Assessment Report Details of task: Length: 2,000 words Weighting: 40% Due Date: Friday, 29 April 2011 A report of an assessment case conducted as part of the internship. Assessment Task 3: Therapy Case Report Details of task: Length: 2,500 words Weighting: 60% Due Date: Friday, July 15 2011 A report of a therapy case conducted as part of the internship. DPSY7231 Students will be expected to participate in all 12 seminars, and to complete a health promotion literature review and health education project, as described below. At least 80% seminar attendance (i.e., 10 seminars) will be a hurdle requirement for passing the unit. Assessment Task 1: Logbook - continued Details of task: Length: Variable Weighting: Hurdle requirement Due Date: Approximate - Friday, December 9, 2011 Students are required to maintain a log book documenting their activities during their internship. The logbook should be submitted at the end of the internship. Assessment Task 2: Literature Review Details of task: Length: 2,000 words Weighting: 40% Due Date: Friday, 19 August 2011 A literature review on the health promotion strategies that have been used in the past to produce behaviour change as it relates to a specific health topic. It can be a disease, injury or a risky health behaviour. It can affect whole populations or just a 88 small group. Students are required to discuss the health problem with the unit coordinator before proceeding. The review should include a description and a critique of the health promotion strategies used to affect change in the selected health topic The literature review should be written in the form of a journal article ready for publication, so an appropriate journal should be selected before commencing work. A list of key health promotion journals can be found at http://thcu.ca/infoandresources/journal.htm Assessment Task 3: Health Education Project Details of task: Length: 2,500 words Weighting: 60% Due Date: Friday, 7 October 2011. A health education project is to be designed, but not implemented. The health promotion project will focus on the specific health issue featured in the student’s literature review (2,500 words, 60%). The assignment should take the form of a submission for funding to a fictitious government body, the Australian Health Promotion Committee (AHPC), which provides funding of $5,000 to $1,000,000 for health education projects than can be completed in one year. Recommended reading A general recommended reading list will be distributed before the semester. Further, topicspecific reading lists will be distributed to the students in a timely manner before the topic is presented. 89 Clinical Forensic Psychology Specialisation DPSY7111, DPSY7211, DPSY7112 & DPSY7212 Year 3, Semester 1 & 2 Coordinators: Class time and venue: DPSY7111 & DPSY7212 Professor James (Jim) Ogloff. James.Ogloff@monash.edu Wednesdays DPSY 7111 & DPSY7212 Dr Michael Daffern michael.daffern@monash.edu Seminar Room, 1st Floor, The Paul Mullen Building, 505 Hoddle St, Clifton Hill. Eligibility This specialisation is undertaken in the 3rd or 4th year of the Doctor of Psychology Degree at Monash University. Students must have satisfactorily completed all coursework and placement requirements. Specialisation Overview This specialisation provides students in clinical psychology with specialty training in clinical forensic psychology. The specialisation consists of seminars, workshops, and ongoing clinical training. The specialisation will provide students with scholarly, legal, and practical information to help prepare them conduct assessments and provide clinical intervention in the forensic context. Specific topics will include: Introduction to criminal forensic assessment, malingering and deception, psychopathy, risk assessment, domestic violence, sexual offending, fitness to plead, criminal responsibility, treatment of mentally ill offenders and forensic patients, offender intake and classification, sentencing assessments, and communicating with the courts. The clinical seminars, coursework and clinical training components of the specialisation will be interrelated. Formal evaluation for the specialisation will include the development of guidelines for clinical forensic practice in criminal law, two forensic assessment reports and treatment plans for both criminal and civil law, , observation of a forensic assessment, , an essay on psychological practice in civil law, and the examination and cross-examination of reports and expert opinion evidence. For precise details on the assignment tasks see below. Seminars and Course Work The seminars that form part of the specialisation consist of four related subjects, as well as relevant workshops. Nominally, the subjects are broken into four units: Introduction to Clinical Forensic Psychology, Psychology and Children’s and Family Law, Psychology and Criminal Law, Psychology and Civil Law. The seminars are coordinated by Professor Ogloff and Dr Daffern, although a number of guest speakers are invited to provide information on specific topics. In addition to the regular seminars, students will be required to attend an introductory three day workshop entitled, “Introduction to Australian Law,” ongoing presentations, as well as relevant workshops that are available (e.g., the assessment of risk for violence, child 90 custody assessments). All forensic specialists must complete the Psychopathy ChecklistRevised training prior to the end of the third year. This will include discussion of assessment, treatment and theoretical perspectives, and training in the use of interviewing methods and structured measures including the PCL, the PPI, and the differences between these and standard clinical interviewing techniques. Internship All students undertaking the specialisation will be required to complete an internship across two locations that will take place over two days during the year. Internship placements will be made at Forensicare, Corrections Victoria and the Monash Clinical Psychology Centre (Forensic Psychology Clinic). Monash Clinical Psychology Centre (Forensic Psychology Clinic). Work within the CPC will include forensic assessments for the court as well as assessments of parties in civil legal matters. In addition, the CPC will provide some treatment for offenders under community supervision, victims, and individuals who present with difficulties such as anger management. Forensicare (Victorian Institute of Forensic Mental Health). Forensicare is the trading name for the Victorian Institute of Forensic Mental Health, a statutory body established by the Parliament of Victoria and managed by a council accountable to the Minister for Health for the effective operation of the agency. Forensicare is mandated by the Mental Health Act 1986, the Crimes (Mental Impairment and Unfitness to be Tried) Act 1997 and other legislation, to provide inpatient and community services to mentally ill offenders in Victoria. Under the Mental Health Act, Forensicare is also mandated to provide research, training and professional and community education. It is anticipated that students will spend two days per week in one of the Forensicare programmes for half of the specialisation year. Forensicare consists of 3 services relevant to the Doctor of Psychology training where students can complete their internship: 1. The Thomas Embling Hospital, located in Fairfield, provides inpatient assessment and treatment in acute and continuing care programs. A specialist women's program is also provided. Internship opportunities are available across three programs: Acute Care, Continuing Care, and Women’s Programs. 2. Community Forensic Mental Health Services, located in Clifton Hill, provides treatment programs to a varied outpatient group, together with advice, assessments and reports to Victorian courts as requested. Internship opportunities are available in The Problem Behaviour Program. Here students will gain experience completing pre-sentence assessment reports for the courts, consultations for other mental health service providers and Corrections Victoria, and treatment of clients. 3. Prison Services provides mental health care at the Melbourne Assessment Prison (the Acute Assessment Unit), Dame Phyllis Frost Centre (Marrmak Unit), and the other publicly operated prisons in Victoria. Corrections Victoria. Placements with Corrections Victoria are typically undertaken at the Marngoneet programmes prison though work in other prisons is also possible. In this internship students will conduct risk assessments and treatment planning assessments 91 and provide treatments through formal group programmes as well as case co-ordinate offenders in treatment. Objectives DPSY7111 Introduction to Forensic Psychology At the conclusion of the specialisation students should be cognisant of the institution of the Australian legal system and its processes and have a basic understanding of the relationship between the law and other social institutions. Students should understand the role and discretion of the various players in the legal system and, in particular, the areas in which the forensic psychologist can contribute. They should be aware of the areas of psychological research which have general relevance to the legal system. DPSY7211 Psychology and Criminal Law Students should understand the various theories of crime and criminal behaviour (including developmental perspectives), psychological theories about paraphillias and deviant sexual practices, psychopathy, empirical research and theories about the treatment of violent and sexual offenders, empirical research and theories about the management of both adult and child offenders in the community, crimeprevention, policing and criminal investigations, and correctional psychology. At the end of this unit students should be familiar with relevant legal definitions, with the specific issues on which the forensic psychologist might be called as an expert in criminal cases, and with the various sentencing options and their impact. DPSY7112 Psychology and Children’s and Family Law Students will be expected to understand and develop proficiency in the skills necessary for dealing with the relevant issues pertaining to the Children’s Court and Family Court of Australia. With respect to Family Court matters, they should be familiar with areas such as the determination of guardianship, custody and access, psychological consequences of divorce, family violence, custody evaluations and access determination, and should have an understanding of the role and skills of mediation in family disputes. With respect to Children’s Court matters, they should be familiar with protective issues and criminal matters. At the completion of this unit students should be familiar with psychological theories of parenting and child-rearing, psychological theories of family functioning, theories about the impact of trauma on child development, empirical research and psychological theories of child development (including attachment theory), psychological and sociological theories about family violence including intra-familial child sexual abuse. DPSY7212 Psychology and Civil Law Students should be aware of the breath of matters falling within the arena of civil law and the common matters on which psychologists are asked for advice. In particular, students should be cognisant of the factors which may complicate the assessment and treatment of personal injury claimants and of the particular features of victims of crime and other traumatic events. At the completion of this unit students should be familiar with important psychological knowledge that is relevant to civil law; specifically skill acquisition, memory, cognitive impairment, and cognitive functioning in the elderly), psychological theories about trauma and the emotional impact of traumatic events, psychological theory relevant to pain and pain management; victimology, etc. 92 Assessment Notes for semester one & two: 1. Of the four reports submitted over the year, two must be reports submitted to court from each of two areas of law (civil, criminal, and administrative). These can be undertaken as part of a placement or as part of a coursework unit. Opportunities to satisfy this requirement can be created through additional placement supervisors, including the Children’s’ Court. 2. Of the two remaining reports (of at least 2000 words) these reports should provide details of the presenting case, describe the student’s work, and justify the methods used. 3. The aim of the assignment in Semester One and the Essay in Semester 2 is to provide students an opportunity to identify psychological questions that arise from legal theory and legislation, practice or public policy. Semester 1: DPSY7111 Assessment Task 1: Paper on a topic in psychology that applies to criminal law Details of task: Length: 3000 words Weighting: 100% Due Date: 27th May 2011 For the paper, you will choose an area of criminal law where psychologists and psychiatrists conduct forensic assessments and/or intervention. You will review the relevant law and provide professional guidelines for psychologists and psychiatrists to conduct assessments in the area. DPSY7211 Assessment Task 1: Clinical reports (2) Details of task: Weighting: Hurdle requirement Due Date: 27th May 2011 Write two clinical reports in an area of criminal law (Pass/Fail). One report should describe an assessment of criminal behaviour; the other should be a presentation of an assessment followed by the development of a treatment plan. Assessment Task 2: Logbook Details of task: Weighting: Hurdle requirement Due Date: 27th May 2011 Students must also complete a logbook documenting their practical work completed on the internship. Semester 2: DPSY7112 Assessment Task 1: Paper on civil law or family law Details of task: Length: 3000 words Weighting: 100% Due Date: 27th May 2011 93 For the paper, you will choose an area of civil law where psychologists and psychiatrists conduct forensic assessments and/or intervention. You will review the relevant law and comment on the assumptions made in terms of the psychological literature. You will then make recommendations for psychologists working in this area and recommendations for improving the law. Assessment Task 2: Assessment reports (2) Details of task: Weighting: Hurdle requirement Due Date: 27th May 2011 Again, one report should describe an assessment of criminal behaviour; the other should be a presentation of an assessment followed by the development of a treatment plan. Assessment Task 3: Logbook Details of task: Weighting: Hurdle requirement Due Date: 27th May 2011 Students must also complete a logbook documenting their practical work completed on the internship. In addition to these assignments students must also complete the following: 1. Each student must be observed (by either Professor Ogloff or Dr Daffern) satisfactorily completing conducting investigative forensic interview. The interview can be of a video-recorded interview or by observing the interview live. Such interviews can be with either adults or children. This can be done as part of a placement or within one of the coursework units. Before students graduate they must demonstrate sufficient competence in investigative interviewing to enable them to conduct investigative interviews for court proceedings. If it is not possible for Professor Ogloff or Dr Daffern to observe a live interview and if video recording is not possible within the student’s internship site then the task of reviewing the student’s interview can be delegated to an appropriate supervisor. 2. All students must give evidence on at least one occasion in a mock trial. The case can be in any area of criminal or civil law. Students will have the opportunity to complete this course requirement in class in Semester 2 or during the Workshop in Australian Law. Introduction to Australian law and the justice system workshop (Date: TBA) Objectives: The aim of this three day workshop is to introduce students to Australian Law and the justice system. At the completion of the workshop students will be expected to: 1. Understand the legal and broader justice system including the courts, parole board, prisons and community corrections and gain an awareness of issues and protocols facing psychologists working within courts and other forensic contexts including legislation relevant to civil, criminal and administrative law. 2. Achieve competence in locating and evaluating relevant case law and legislation within the legal context in which one is practicing (provided by the Law library). 3. Understand psychological and legal theory relevant to conflict-resolution, mediation, alternative dispute resolution, and therapeutic jurisprudence in a variety 94 of legal contexts (e.g., mediation in Family Law, mediation in civil litigation, victim mediation and other restorative justice interventions). 4. Provide psychological consultancy advice to various groups in both investigatory (e.g., police, insurance investigators, lawyers) in the discovery and adjudication phases of litigation (e.g., judicial officers, lawyers, self-represented litigants). Understanding the role of the psychologist in various forensic settings (e.g., one’s obligation as a Servant of the Court, one’s overriding obligation to the security and good order of a prison or remand centre). 5. Acquire knowledge of psychological theory, psychological research, legislation and case law relevant to forensic (investigative) interviewing of both adults and children in civil, criminal, and administrative law arenas. The workshop will also cover ethics in forensic psychology. This section is designed to build upon students’ knowledge of ethics gained through their completion of the first year subject Fundamentals of Professional Practice. At the end of this section of the workshop students will be expected to: (i). Understand the ethical issues that arise in various forensic settings and how to manage those issues (e.g., who is the client and what are the limits of confidentiality that apply when delivering forensic interventions to mandated clients and one’s duty to advise clients of those limits). (ii). Competence in communicating one’s ethical obligations to non-psychologists in forensic settings (e.g., judicial officers, lawyers, prison administrators, tribunal members, child-protection workers, police officers, community correction officers, mental health nurses in forensic mental health facilities, insurance investigators) and to non-forensic psychologists (e.g., to clinical psychologists when one is seeking information about those clinicians’ clients or is seeking to inspect their client files). (iii). Understanding the unique ethical issues that arise when conducting research in legal and other forensic settings. Unit Schedule – DPSY7111 & DPSY7211 Week Topic Presenter 1 Introduction to Criminal Forensic Psychology J Ogloff 2 Sentencing and Forensic Report Writing M Daffern 3 Forensic interviewing, malingering and deception Interviewing skills in the forensic context. Skills-training in forensic (investigative) interviewing, with specific emphasis on forensic interviewing of children and other vulnerable populations. Methods of evaluating malingering, faking good, and other impression-management strategies within forensic contexts. Assessment of Risk for Violence Knowledge of psychological theory and research relevant to risk-assessment in forensic practice generally and violence specifically. J Ogloff 4 J Ogloff & M Daffern 95 Week Topic Presenter 5 Skills-training in risk-assessment, including the use of actuarial and structured-professional-judgement methods and the role of case formulation in risk assessment. General violence, Intimate Partner violence and other forms of Family Violence/Risk of suicide and other self-harm in prisons and other institutions Risk Assessment for Sexual Offenders/ Extended Supervision Orders and risk assessment within the Domestic Situation Knowledge of psychological theory and research relevant to risk-assessment in forensic practice. Skills-training in risk-assessment, including the use of actuarial and structured-professional-judgement methods and the role of case formulation in risk assessment. J Ogloff 6 Offender Rehabilitation: Foundation M Daffern 7 Treatment of Sexual Offenders M Daffern 8 Treatment of Violent Offenders M Daffern 9 Criminal Responsibility and Fitness to Plead Assessments Rehabilitation of forensic Patients and special populations Special populations Evidence-based clinical assessment and intervention with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and persons from diverse cultural backgrounds. Assessment and intervention with offenders with an intellectual disability. Young offender assessment and rehabilitation Risk assessment and treatment. Community-based interventions with populations who are vulnerable to becoming involved in legal proceedings (e.g., crime prevention strategies targeting at-risk youth, public education programmes) Expert Evidence: An Overview Understand exclusionary rules and case law regarding admissibility of evidence and exceptions to the Evidence Act (e.g., in child-protection litigation). Understand the rules pertaining to the collection and reporting of expert evidence (e.g., Part 15.5 of the Family Law Rules; practice directions in various jurisdictions such as State and Federal Supreme Courts). 10 11 12 M Daffern M Daffern S Thomas J Ogloff Unit Schedule – DPSY7112 & DPSY7212 Week Topic Presenter 1 Introduction to Civil Forensic Psychology J Ogloff 2 Involuntary Hospitalisation M Daffern 3 Psychological Injuries I Freckelton 96 Week Topic Presenter 4 Worker’s Compensation and Torts I Freckelton 5 M Daffern 6 Psychological Trauma Assessments Including treatment of individuals where substantiated or alleged psychological injuries from a wrongful act or other compensable event are evident. Family Court Assessments: Custody and Access 7 Interviewing children TBA 8 Child-maltreatment (serious neglect, physical abuse, intrafamilial sexual abuse) Risk assessment and treatment of parents who are being, or have been, investigated for child maltreatment. Assessments of Youth S Reeves P Brown 11 Assessments of Youth Evidence-based clinical assessment and psychological treatment and counselling with children in the care of child-protection agencies or who are, or have been, the subjects of child-protection investigations. Jury Research 12 Expert Testimony Exercise J Ogloff 9 10 J Ogloff P Brown TBA Required reading Photocopied readings available in class. For each class a set of readings will be presented the week prior for review and discussion in class. Melton, G. B., Petrila, J., Poythress, N. G., & Slobogin, C. (2007). Psychological evaluations for the courts: A handbook for mental health professionals and lawyers (3rd Ed.). New York: Guildford. Heilbrun, K. (2001). Principles of forensic mental health assessment. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. Recommended Books Cooke, D. J., Forth, A. E., & Hare, R. D. (Eds.), Psychopathy: Theory, research, and implications for society. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer. Hess, A. K., & Weiner, I. B. (2000). (Eds.), The handbook of forensic psychology (2nd ed., pp.171-217). New York: Wiley. Hare, R. D. (1993). Without conscience: The disturbing world of the psychopaths among us. New York: Pocket Books. Ogloff, J. R. P. (Ed.). (2002). Taking psychology and law into the twenty first century. New York: Kluwer/Plenum Academic Press. Roesch, R., Hart, S. D., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (1999). (Eds.), Psychology and law: The state of the discipline. New York: Plenum. 97 Rogers, R. (Ed.). (1997). Clinical assessment of malingering and deception (2nd Ed.). New York: Guilford. Useful Manuals and Tests Douglas, K. S., Webster, C. D., Hart, S. D., Eaves, D., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2002). HCR - 20: Violence Risk Management companion guide. Mental Health, Law, & Policy Institute, Simon Fraser University and B.C. Forensic Psychiatric Services Commission. Eaves, Douglas, K. S., Webster, C. D., Ogloff, J. R. P., & Hart, S. D. (2000). Dangerous and Long-Term Offenders: An assessment guide for mental health professionals. Burnaby, BC: SFU Mental Health, Law, & Policy Institute and B.C. Forensic Psychiatric Services. Boer, D., Hart, S. D., Kropp, P. R., & Webster, C. D. (1997). Manual for the Sexual Violence Risk-20: Professional guidelines for assessing risk of sexual violence. Vancouver, BC: British Columbia Institute Against Family Violence. Webster, C. D., Douglas, K. S., Eaves, D., & Hart, S. D. (1997). HCR-20: Assessing risk for violence (version 2). Burnaby, BC: SFU Mental Health, Law, & Policy Institute and B.C. Forensic Psychiatric Services Commission. Roesch, R., Zapf, P., Eaves, D. & Webster, C. D. (1998). Fitness Interview Test (Revised Edition). Burnaby, BC: Mental Health, Law, & Policy Institute, Simon Fraser University. 98 8 Fourth year In fourth year you should be completing the write-up of your thesis and preparing it for submission mid-year. The MRGS Handbook for Doctoral and MPhil Degrees specifies the format of the thesis and this handbook can be found online at http://www.mrgs.monash.edu.au/research/doctoral/index.html Those submitting by publication should be submitting their papers to journals and finalising the introductory and discussion components of the thesis, along with any linking sections or extended methodology chapters that may be required. Further information about submitting your thesis by publication may be found in Appendix D. For examples of past DPsych theses submitted by publication, you can contact the Academic Registrar. During fourth year you should be discussing the nomination of potential thesis examiners with your supervisor(s). It is advisable for the names of two examiners external to the University to be forwarded to MRGS at least six weeks before the thesis is submitted, so that examiners can be finalised in time for thesis submission and delays in dispatching the thesis avoided. We recommend all students (and supervisors) inform themselves about the submission and thesis examination process well before submitting your thesis. This information is available in the Handbook for Doctoral and MPhil Degrees (see Chapter 7). Fourth year DPsych (Clinical) students are required to attend two seminar days on professional issues. These topics covered include: Supervision Training: This workshop will provide an introduction to the ethical, professional and legal responsibilities of psychologists as supervisors and the issues around management of problems that may arise in supervision. Getting a job: This workshop will provide information and resources regarding CVs, referees, preparation, and interviews. Brushing up on the Mental Health Act and the Mental Health Review Board: This workshop refreshes student knowledge from their initial study of this topic in first year and informs of any regulatory changes. Therapist Self-care: This workshop informs students about the possibility of burnout which is common in mental health and how to avoid it. Setting up a private practice: This workshop provides information, guidance, and resources regarding the issues involved in setting up and running a private practice 99 9 Research Students submit a thesis of approximately 60,000 to 70,000 words. The thesis may be in the form of a traditional monograph or as a thesis by publication. The work presented for examination must be the original work of the candidate, except where due reference is made in the text. A candidate may include published work which is directly relevant to the argument of the thesis, provided such work has been written during the period of candidature. Candidates may not present in, or in support of, a thesis any work which the candidate has presented for any other degree or diploma at this University, or any other institution, except with the permission of the Research Graduate School Committee. 9.1 Timeline & Research requirements A number of research hurdle requirements are scattered across your candidature to ensure that adequate progress is being maintained and MRGS requirements for confirmation of candidature are met. Date Requirement Year 1 End of Sem 2 Oral presentation and Research proposal approved by panel Application(s) for ethics approval submitted Year 2 End of Sem 1 Ethics approval received Literature review submitted (Draft-January; Final-February) Data collection begun Year 2 End of Sem 2 Data collection continues Year 3 Beginning of Sem 1 Mid-candidature review - includes oral presentation Year 3 End of Sem 2 Data collection completed Data analysis substantially completed Pre-submission seminar (within 6 months of submitting thesis) Year 4 End of Sem 1 Thesis completed and submitted More information about each of these requirements is contained the sections below. Students should note that to complete first year research requirements, it is essential that they progress their research substantially in first semester, as there are no competing placement requirements in first semester. 100 9.2 Scope of the research and supervisors The DPsych is classified as a research doctorate and the research component of the degree constitutes 70% of the course requirements. Hence, the expectations for the research component are substantial. In comparison with a PhD, the research component of a DPsych is considered to be of equivalent quality but a smaller project. Research completed for the DPsych (Clinical) must have “direct relevance to the field of clinical psychology”. This is a requirement of the Australian Psychological Accreditation Council. Whether research meets this guideline is sometimes a matter of judgement and students who are considering completing research in domains that may contravene this guideline are encouraged to talk to the DPsych (Clinical) Course Coordinator about the suitability of their proposed area. Students are strongly encouraged to collaborate with more than one supervisor (i.e., a primary and an associate supervisor). Primary supervisors need to meet the following criteria: Primary supervisors must have at least an honorary appointment in the School of Psychology and Psychiatry. If prospective primary supervisors do not have at least an honorary appointment in the School, it may be possible to organise one. Primary supervisors must be accredited with the Monash Research Graduate School. Primary supervisors have a limit on the number of students that they can supervise, the number depending on their level of accreditation. Research Fellows can only be supervisors if the period of their Fellowship exceeds the period of the student candidature. If the primary supervisor is not a clinical psychologist, it is strongly recommended that consideration be given to approaching a clinical psychologist to act as an associate supervisor. On average, students should consult their primary supervisor for at least one hour per fortnight. 9.3 RDA advisors RDA is short for RDDA, which stands for Research Design and Data Analysis. Your supervisor may give you RDA advice, or may suggest consultations with an RDA advisor for extra help with statistical design and analysis issues. Below is a list of RDA advisors and their areas of expertise: Name & Email Consultation Grahame Coleman Clayton, Grahame.Coleman@monash.edu preferably Monday morning, but flexible Michael Davis (only for DPsych Centre for (forensic) students) Forensic Michael.Davis@monash.edu Behav. Sc., by arrangement Expertise Univariate and multivariate statistics, single subject designs, Structural Equation Modelling, Multilevel analysis, spectral analysis, scaling, scale construction General linear model, effect size, nonparametric techniques, ROC analysis, MDS & smallest space analysis, partial order structuple analysis, improper linear models, Bayesian analysis/Bayes' theorem 101 Penny Hasking Penelope.Hasking@monash.edu Clayton, Monday 2-4pm Vickii Jenvey Vickii.Jenvey@monash.edu Clayton, by arrangement Lenore Manderson Lenore.Manderson@.monash.ed u Kim Ng kimteeng@hotmail.com Jim Phillips jim.phillips@monash.edu Caulfield, by arrangement John Taffe john.taffe@monash.edu Narelle Warren Narelle.Warren@monash.edu By arrangement Clayton, Monday 2-4 pm Clayton, Mondays and Wednesdays By arrangement Linear regression, moderation/mediation, confirmatory factor analysis/tests of invariance, basic ANOVA techniques, non-parametric techniques Analysis of categorical data, including repeated measures categorical data (e.g. data derived from observation and interviews) with logistic regression, Generalized Estimating Equations, etc.; observation and interview studies. Ethnography; qualitative research All aspects of quantitative analysis, both uni- and multi-variate ANOVA, nonparametric statistics, multiple regression Research design and data analysis Qualitative research, especially ethnographic research, narrative research/analysis, grounded theory analysis If the help of an RDA advisor is needed you and your supervisor should arrange a joint meeting with John Taffe (john.taffe@monash.edu), the RDA co-ordinator, to discuss your project and the analysis it may require. You may then have further consultations as needed either with John or with another advisor. Your project will aim to answer research questions. To prepare for the first RDA meeting set out your research questions if possible, formulate an hypothesis or hypotheses which spell out what you expect will be the answer to each research question if you can, suggest statistical analyses which may help to test these hypotheses In deciding on your research questions you will need to consider issues such as how you will recruit participants, and how many it will be possible for you to recruit who these participants will represent (which populations) whether a cross sectional or a longitudinal approach will be appropriate what measures you will be using These considerations, and possibly others as well, will help you to formulate your questions precisely and help with decisions about what analyses will be appropriate. 9.4 Progress Reviews Supervisors and academic units monitor the progress of doctoral and MPhil candidates throughout their candidature. This is done through a variety of measures such as supervision meetings, review of submitted work and review of presentations. Regular 102 reviews of progress provide the opportunity to ensure that a candidate has the requisite skills and resources to complete their research program within the period of candidature. It is advised you become familiar with these requirements, located at http://mrgs.monash.edu.au/research/doctoral/chapter3h.html Annual Questionnaire All doctoral and MPhil candidates are required to complete an annual questionnaire prior to enrolling for the following year in order to review the conditions of their candidature. MRGS will email you with further information at the appropriate time towards the end of the year. Confirmation of Candidature Your confirmation of candidature paperwork can be submitted to MRGS from 12 months following commencement of the course (though is not officially due until 18 months after commencement of candidature), after your first year of coursework and your first placement have been passed. As part of the confirmation process, MRGS and the School require that each DPsych candidate meet the following requirements: 1. Give an oral presentation The oral presentation must occur within the first year of your candidature. The goal of the oral presentation is to provide you with constructive feedback on the methodology, data analyses, scope and feasibility of your project before you commence data collection. The Chair of the meeting will be the DPsych (Clinical) coordinator or nominee. Members of the panel will be nominated by the supervisor, and the final composition of the panel will be by negotiation between the supervisor and the DPsych (Clinical) coordinator. The panel must comprise at least the following three members: o The Chair (who cannot currently be supervising the candidate) o The candidate’s supervisor(s) o An independent panel member conversant with the general area of research but not directly involved with the candidate’s project. The independent panel member cannot be supervising the candidate. The presentation should be of 20 minutes’ duration, with an additional 10 minutes for questions from the panel and audience, and then at least 15 minutes for discussion from the review panel. The presentation will be evaluated in terms of its structure, content, strengths, deficiencies, presentation skills, understanding of the research area and ability to respond to questions and guidance from the review panel and wider audience. 2011 oral presentations: o Friday 23 September (morning only) o Wednesday 23 November (all day) o Wednesday 30 November (all day) All school staff members and DPsych students will be invited to attend these presentations. 103 The student and supervisor should decide by the end of August which date would be best for your presentation. The Research Degrees Office should be informed of when the confirmation is to take place (hdr.psych@monash.edu). At least one week prior to the presentation, the student should distribute their 1000 word research proposal (see below) to the panel members. The Research Degrees Office will ensure that the presentation is advertised to the School at least one week prior to the presentation. Your supervisor is to ensure that the School is notified of any cancellations that take place in the week prior to the presentation. Each panel member will complete the evaluation form on the day of the presentation, and return to the Chair. The Chair will combine them into a single report to be entered into Section C of the confirmation of candidature form. Panel members will put forward a recommendation as to whether the project can: o proceed without any changes being made; o proceed after some minor modifications are made to the satisfaction of the supervisor; or o not proceed until some relatively major issues are resolved within a review period of 10 weeks. Note that if major changes to your research occur anytime following your oral presentation (e.g., if you change project and supervisors), you will need to hold another oral presentation to have your new research approved by a panel. 2. Submit a 1,000 word written Research Proposal which must include a time line for completing your thesis (more information about the format of the time line will be distributed in the middle of the year by the Academic Registrar). The research proposal should be a minimum of 1,000 words. A suggested format for the report can be found at http://mrgs.monash.edu.au/research/doctoral/appendd.html (see section 2.2, “Written submission”). The final draft written research proposal should be submitted to all members of your review panel by ONE WEEK prior to your oral presentation. It can then be revised based on feedback from your panel members, prior to submission to the Academic Registrar at the time you submit your confirmation of candidature form (see point 6 below). 3. Submit a 10,000 word Literature Review, with supervisor endorsement. A draft of your critical review of the relevant research literature (10,000 words) must be submitted to your supervisor by the end of January in the second year of your candidature. The final version must then be submitted to your research supervisor and the Academic Registrar by the end of February. If you require an extension on your literature review, you must apply to the Board of Studies in writing, well in advance of the due date. Literature reviews are assessed by primary supervisors and graded as pass or fail. Reviews deemed as unsatisfactory must be revised and resubmitted until graded as pass, as confirmation of candidature is dependent on students submitting a literature review graded as pass. A written statement (via email) from your supervisor must be sent to the Academic Registrar to confirm that the literature review is of satisfactory standard. 4. Submit a funding submission form with a budget of proposed expenditure for your project. More information about this can be found at http://www.med.monash.edu.au/psych/students/current/hdr-funding.html Your 104 funding request submission should be received by the Resource Manager (Cheryl Roberts) by the end of the 12th month of candidature, at the time of your oral presentation. It is the responsibility each student and their supervisor to ensure that the proposed research project can be adequately funded, either by the School’s contribution of up to $4000 or via other means. 5. Complete their first placement. Confirmation of Candidature will not be approved until the successful completion of the student’s first placement. 6. Submit a COMPLETED confirmation of candidature form (available at http://www.mrgs.monash.edu.au/research/students/confirmation.html) which includes: i. Section A - completed by the candidate, ii. Section B - completed by the supervisor and Ethics Clearance in Section B must also be documented. If the student is working on Ethics approval there should be a note to that effect. Further details about ethics clearance are included below – see 9.5). iii. Section C - completed by the Chair and to include the review panel report, To be signed by the candidate, the supervisor and the Chair (preferably on the day of the oral presentation). iv. A copy of your research proposal, literature review, and a statement from your supervisor confirming that the literature review is of pass standard. If you have not submitted a confirmation of candidature form by the time you are 16 months into your candidature, a form will be sent to you at that time, for completion by the end of the first 18 months of your candidature. When all the above paperwork is received by the Research Degrees Administrator, the Confirmation of Candidature form will be signed off by the School and forwarded to Monash Research Graduate School. Mid-candidature review All DPsych students who commenced their enrolment from 2010 must complete a midcandidature review. Information about requirements for this review can be found at: http://www.mrgs.monash.edu.au/research/doctoral/chapter3h.html#midreview The mid-candidature presentation and review must take place between 21 and 27 months of full-time equivalent candidature following commencement of candidature. You will be required to make an oral presentation at a departmental seminar at which the members of the review panel must be in attendance. The review panel would preferably be the same panel as was present at your confirmation of candidature oral presentation. For DPsych students, the presentation will generally take place at an organised day of presentations at the beginning of the third year of your candidature. 105 You will also be required to submit the following to the review panel prior to the oral presentation: an accompanying written paper which demonstrates your progress since confirmation of candidature. This may be a published journal or conference paper, a draft thesis chapter, an updated literature review or a prepared paper of an appropriate length to the discipline. This paper should be of a standard that would be expected for submission at a conference or other public academic event; a progress report (minimum of 1000 words) that includes: o a summary of the research project, the proposed thesis structure (chapter by chapter outline) and the position of the presented element of the research within the project; o the timetable for completing the research report/thesis developed at confirmation and a detailed statement of progress towards this work plan and any actual or proposed variations; and o identification of any perceived difficulties that currently or could impede the completion of the project according to the work plan and suggestions to overcome these difficulties. Pre-submission seminar All DPsych students who commenced their enrolment from 2010 must also complete a resubmission seminar, no more than six months of full-time equivalent candidature prior to final submission of the thesis. Information about requirements for this review can be found at: http://www.mrgs.monash.edu.au/research/doctoral/chapter3h.html#presub 9.5 Ethics clearance All projects must receive ethics clearance prior to collecting data. To apply for ethics clearance, students should visit http://www.monash.edu.au/resgrant/humanethics/index.html and seek advice from their supervisor. Students are obliged to comply with all of the changes and procedures that are recommended by the ethics committee. Some research requires approval from more than one committee, as for example when a student wishes to collect data from a hospital. Ethics approval can take considerable time and this must be taken into account in planning research. In summary, students cannot proceed with their research until: The proposed research has been approved by a panel. The proposed research has achieved the necessary ethics approval(s). A submission to the relevant ethics committee(s) must be made in first year, but approval can occur in second year. The panel meeting and ethics application(s) can proceed earlier in the year if this suits students and supervisors (a situation that sometimes arises when students take on projects embedded in existing research programs). 9.6 Conferences and Papers Students are encouraged to attend conferences and research meetings that pertain to their research project, while also meeting course requirements related to coursework and clinical placements. The student should obtain approval from the DPsych (Clinical) Board of Studies prior to a conference (see Section 5.4). Students are encouraged to present 106 their research at university, local, national and international seminars or conferences. Funding is available to support students presenting platform or poster presentations at national or international conferences (see Section 9.7). Students are strongly encouraged to publish some of their findings before submitting their thesis. This process provides valuable feedback and enhances professional reputation. Of course, supervisors and associates who significantly contribute to the publication should be designated as co-authors. Submission of a thesis in the form of a series of papers is encouraged and students should discuss this option with their supervisors. Students should contact other researchers in their field, usually via email or mail, but also during conferences. These contacts could provide several vital benefits. First, for Doctoral students, these contacts could provide some interesting insights and feedback to facilitate the thesis and/or be potential examiners. It is important to note, however, that appointment of examiners is carried out by the supervisor, not the student. Finally, these contacts could provide job opportunities in the future. 9.7 Research Support and Travel Grants DPsych students are entitled to the following funding support from the School: during the first year of candidature the student can claim up to $1000 reimbursement towards the purchase of a laptop computer. for the duration of their candidature the student is entitled to apply for research support up to a maximum of $4000. students will be expected to complete a detailed budget of the project expenses for submission at the time of their confirmation of candidature oral presentation (see Section 9.4). Exemptions A student who is the recipient of a scholarship which includes an allowance for direct research costs is not eligible to receive additional funding from the School. (e.g. NHMRC scholarship, Monash Departmental Scholarships etc.) A student who was enrolled in the DPsych degree prior to 2010 shall continue to apply for research support under the previous 2009 model. A revised funding submission form will be made available in due course at http://www.med.monash.edu.au/intranet/spppm/staff/resource/ The form is to be completed by the student in collaboration with their supervisor. Once completed the form must be signed by the supervisor and forwarded to Cheryl Roberts at the Clayton campus. Final approval will be determined by the School Resource Manager. A formal letter acknowledging the outcome of the application will be forwarded to the student’s supervisor. It is the responsibility of the supervisor to inform the student of the application outcome. Please note that the approval process may take up to two weeks. Monash Postgraduate Travel Grants (MPTG) The Monash Postgraduate Travel Grants scheme is available to assist with the travel expenses of postgraduate research Masters or Doctoral students. Assessment for 107 application of a travel grant is ongoing. Completed applications must reach the Faculty for ranking at least six (6) weeks before you leave for the conference/ fieldwork. Allowable travelling expenses consist of air or other fares but not items such as visas, taxes, travel insurance, conference registration or accommodation. The MPTG consists of contributions from Faculty and School which provides a travel allowance of up to about $2,000 for each Masters and Doctoral research candidate over the entire period of candidature. The allowance can be used for more than one research travel event. Details are available from the Monash Research Graduate School's website: http://www.mrgs.monash.edu.au/scholarships/grants/addadvice.html Graduate Student Conference Attendance Grants (GSCAG) - only available to students who commenced candidature prior to 1 January 2010. Postgraduate students can derive considerable benefit from presenting their original research data at scientific meetings. The advantages include: gaining experience at presenting their research to a critical audience, receiving informed feedback on their research, establishing links with other researchers, and acquiring relevant knowledge. The School recognises that students will generally benefit from attending more scientific meetings than can be funded from the MPTG allocation, and has a Graduate Student Conference Attendance Grant scheme (GSCAG) to assist students to attend scientific meetings once their MPTG allocation has been expended. The GSCAG can also be used to assist HDR students to receive specialist training in research techniques that are directly relevant to their thesis research. The principal aim of this scheme is to assist postgraduate students to become engaged in productive research of high quality. To ensure that School funds are not wasted on unproductive research, access to funds through the GSCAG will be linked to indices of student productivity. It is a condition that student affiliation listed on abstracts, posters and associated publications must be the School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University. Applications for GSCAG who fail to comply with this condition are ineligible to apply for funding. Applications must be submitted before you leave for the conference. Details of the Graduate Student Conference Attendance Grants Scheme is available on the web, please refer to the Research website (log in the staff/student intranet): http://www.med.monash.edu.au/intranet/spppm/research/guidelines.html Note: MPTG and GSCAG applications should be submitted to Mairi Rose MacCleod, Research Administrator, Building 17, Clayton Campus. Insurance Cover/Travel Advice Applicants are advised to seek advice and make provision for travel and medical insurance cover. Postgraduate students may be covered under the Monash University Travel Insurance Policy. Details can be found at http://www.firm.monash.edu.au/Insurance/ Students are also encouraged to visit the website http://www.dfat.gov.au for the latest travel advice. 108 10 Placements This section provides information about the placements component of the DPsych (Clinical) program. All students are required to read and be familiar with this information prior to commencing their placements. The answers to most placement-related issues can be found in this section so students should retain a copy for future reference. 10.1 Background Placements are recognised as an essential component in the training of professional psychologists. They are designed to provide students with a range of experience and skills that will equip students for working as a clinical psychologist. To ensure that placements are conducted in a manner that provides appropriate experience for students, various guidelines have been developed by the University, APAC (the Australian Psychology Accreditation Council), the APS (Australian Psychological Society) College of Clinical Psychologists and the PBA (Psychology Board of Australia). 10.2 Aims The aim of placements is to provide students with the opportunity to develop professional competence in a work context. Competencies include mastery of a number of skills, including the ability to apply academic training to placement problems, and the development of a critical appreciation of the roles and functions of psychologists in organisations. During placements, it is expected that students will develop a range of core and specialist competencies as described by the APS College of Clinical Psychologists (Appendix B). For instance, students should learn and apply skills in psychological assessment and in evidence-based interventions to a range of individuals, families, and/or groups. Students will observe and take part in assessments and interventions in these appropriate services and organisations under the supervision of a clinical psychologist who is also a member of (or is eligible for membership of) the APS College of Clinical Psychologists. 10.3 Placement Contacts The University is required to appoint a Placement Coordinator who is responsible for liaising between the University and the all field supervisors, for assisting students with the process of arranging clinical placements, for monitoring student progress during placements, and for ensuring that the paperwork has been completed properly. The placement coordinator will visit each placement at least once while the student is on placement, generally midway through for the mid-placement review. Students will not receive a final mark for their placement until all placement paperwork has been reviewed by the Placement Coordinator. Dr Lillian Nejad Placement Coordinator, DPsych (Clinical) program. Room 545, Building 17, Clayton Campus Ph: +61 3 9905 1194 E: ClinPsychPlacements.psych@monash.edu 109 The Placement Administrator is responsible for administration activities associated with the placement program. In general, all placement documentation should be submitted to the Placement Administrator. Students are ultimately responsible for submitting their placement paperwork on time. Ms Lisa Blair Placement Administrator, School of Psychology and Psychiatry. Tuesday and Wednesday Room 542, Building 17, Clayton Campus Ph: +61 3 9902 0873 E: placementadmin.psych@monash.edu 10.4 Clinical Placement Requirements & Expectations Clinical placements are a vital part of the training of psychologists. Students must successfully complete three supervised placements in a variety of settings within the first two years of the DPsych program. The fourth placement (internship) in the student‘s specialisation occurs in 3rd year and is not organised by the Placement Coordinator, and therefore, is not discussed in this section of the course guide. In total (not including the internship), students are required to complete a minimum of 1000 hours (125 days) of placement experience during the DPsych (Clinical) course. Four hundred hours must be direct (face-to-face) contact with a client/patient. (If in rural settings, 100 of these hours may be via tele/videolink.) The placement requirements satisfy the APAC (Australian Psychology Accreditation Council) guidelines for Doctoral programs as well as the APS College of Clinical Psychologists’ Course Approval guidelines and the requirements for registration as a psychologist with the Psychology Board of Australia. It is essential that the placements provide students with the experience of dealing with a wide range of client problems (e.g. acute as well as chronic disorders), across varying age ranges (child, adolescent, adult, older adult), settings (e.g. inpatient/outpatient, community), and use of a variety of clinical skills (assessment, treatment, and professional). Each placement should be different in focus so that each of the above dimensions is covered adequately. Table 1 shows the recommended number of days per placement; however, this may vary according to the needs of the placement organisation. For instance, some services only offer 40 or 50-day placements and therefore, days can be adjusted accordingly. All employment requires completion of some mundane and repetitive tasks (e.g., photocopying, completing forms) and student placements are no exception. The main objective of the placement is, however, to provide an opportunity for students to gain a range of professional clinical psychology skills while contributing to the objectives of the placement agency. Placement tasks may vary from student to student for a variety of reasons. For instance, those students who have had previous work experience, especially in clinical psychology, may be seen by the agency as qualified to engage in high competency tasks, whereas students who have had little or no previous work experience may be only given the opportunity to observe such activities, particularly in their first placement. Thus, the differences within and across agencies, supervisors, and students 110 means students will not be performing similar tasks when on placement. Although students will have different levels of expertise depending on their prior experience, professional behaviour is expected to be of the highest standard in all placements regardless of the student‘s stage of training. Table 1. Period Placement Days Year 1, Semester 2 Introductory 32 (approx 250 hrs) Year 2, Semester 1 Intermediate 47(approx 375 hrs) Year 2, Semester 2 Advanced 47(375 hrs) Students will not be permitted to commence their first placement unless they have satisfactorily completed other course components and progressed adequately on their research. The decision as to whether a student may commence placement training is reached by the DPsych (Clinical) Board of Studies. Descriptions of the three placements are provided below. Introductory Placement DPSY5299 Introductory Placement Most students will do their first placement at the Monash Clinical Psychology Centre (CPC) starting at the end of first semester and concluding mid-December. This is a 32-day placement and would be completed at two days per week for the first four weeks (between semesters) and at one day per week for the remaining period. A select number of students will do their introductory placement in an external agency—these will often be primarily observation-based placements with a high level of support and supervision. The initial placement is allocated to the student by the placement coordinator. Students who do an external placement will do their second placement (intermediate) during first semester of second year at the CPC. In the introductory placement, students should already have a sufficient theoretical basis to enable them to acquire placement skills in psychological assessment and interventions with a range of clients. During the introductory placement, proficiency in basic clinical skills should be developed either through direct practice or observation and students should be able to apply their academic training to enable them to select, administer and score the commonly used psychological tests. Students are encouraged to practice writing mental state examinations, case histories and psychological reports. Students would be expected to have frequent opportunities to observe their supervisor and to be observed by their supervisor, particularly earlier in the placement. Ethical standards should be strictly adhered to and students should ascertain the specific policies and procedures of the service in regard to ethical considerations (see APS Code of Ethics) as well as occupational health and safety guidelines. At the completion of the initial placement, students will be expected to understand the role of a psychologist within the placement setting and how this role functions within a multi111 disciplinary team. In addition, students will be expected to have developed a thorough understanding of the context of the delivery of the service and the particular function it serves to the clients and the community at large. Students should be cognisant of the competing demands on service delivery and the range of issues that impact upon it. Intermediate and Advanced Placements Students will generally not be permitted to commence their second and third placements until their paperwork from their previous placements have been submitted to the Placement Coordinator. Students will be allocated two external placements in their 2nd year – one in each semester. These 47-day placements are generally undertaken on a two-day per week basis over 24 weeks but variations to this standard pattern might be approved. In some instances, part of the placement may be completed in a more intensive manner in the form of a block. In such cases, a student may complete 3 to 5 days per week for a period of weeks. Any adjustments to the usual schedule need to be arranged by the Placement Coordinator prior to commencement of the placement. Considerations include the demands on other components of the DPsych course, research progress, and the agency‘s capacity to provide adequate placement experience and supervision to the student. DPSY6199 The Intermediate Placement Students are expected to contribute to service delivery by participating in the provision of clinical psychology services to a range of individuals and/or groups with relatively uncomplicated psychological disorders. At this stage, students will be expected to carry a client load with moderate supervisory support. Management of record keeping and liaison with other professionals should also be carried out with moderate supervisory support. Again, ethical standards should be strictly adhered to and students should ascertain the specific policies and procedures of the service in regard to ethical considerations as well as occupational health and safety guidelines. Students should also demonstrate an understanding of the complexities of the agency‘s role in service delivery. Opportunities for student and supervisor observation are recommended to facilitate skill development. At the completion of the intermediate placement, students should have developed skill and confidence in applying their theoretical knowledge, implementing appropriate assessment and intervention techniques, and providing appropriate written and verbal feedback in the form of case notes, reports and letters. Students should also have developed an awareness of the intricacy of the therapeutic relationship and of the contribution of their personal qualities to it. DPSY6299 The Advanced Placement The advanced placement provides students with the opportunity to directly contribute to service delivery by participating in the planning and provision of a clinical psychological service to a range of individuals and/or groups with relatively complex emotional and behavioural problems and disorders. At this stage, students will be expected to carry a moderate client load with minimal supervisory support. Their practice should reflect the professional principles of the highest standard and their role within the agency should be equivalent to that of a junior employee. Opportunities for student and supervisor observation are recommended particularly with more complex cases or less familiar tasks. 112 By the end of the advanced placement, students will be expected to independently develop and deliver intervention strategies across a range of areas that reflect an understanding of the current knowledge of best practice. Students should also be proficient and more efficient in conducting assessments, interpreting findings, developing formulations and writing reports and casenotes. Furthermore, students should be able to provide input at the organisational level and be able to demonstrate a sound understanding of psychological principles and how these can be implemented within service delivery systems. A full understanding of the complexities of provision of services should be apparent with evidence of an appreciation of the wider context in which the client operates and in which the service is provided. Internship In Year 3, students are required to complete a 92-day internship. Internships are part of the specialisation year and are organised by the specialisation coordinators. They are only available to students who have successfully completed all three placements. Assessment Students’ performance at each placement is graded pass or fail. The final recommendation to the DPsych (Clinical) Board of Studies regarding whether a student has passed or failed the placement is made by the Placement Coordinator in consultation with the clinical supervisor. Satisfactory completion of a placement requires that the student has both performed satisfactorily in the placement as reported by the Supervisor and that all documentation in relation to the placement has been signed and returned to the Placement Coordinator at the University. Details about placement documentation requirements are discussed below and all forms are provided in the Appendices of the handbook. Students are advised to familiarise themselves with these documents prior to commencing any placements. If a student‘s performance is determined to be unsatisfactory, s/he shall fail the placement. Upon failure of a placement, the Board of Studies will consider the appropriate actions to be taken. The student is invited to meet with the Placement Coordinator(s) and be involved in the development of a plan to resolve the issues resulting in the Placement failure. If a student is not satisfied with the resolution, the student is invited to consult with the DPsych (Clinical) Board of Studies. The following recommendations have been devised as possible resolutions to Placement failure and do not represent an exhaustive list. The student may be judged to require further training to meet the requirements of placement settings. The Board of Studies will develop a plan to provide the student with additional training and assessment of their progress. An additional placement may be offered to the student upon evaluation of their progress as appropriate for placement. The student‘s performance will be assessed during such placement by the processes outlined above. The student‘s overall progress in the Doctor of Psychology Courses will be modified and extended as appropriate. The student may be judged to not require further training, but requires more clinical experiences to implement progress begun within the failed placement. An additional placement may be offered to the student upon evaluation of their 113 progress as appropriate for placement. The student‘s performance will be assessed during such placement by the processes outlined above. The student‘s overall progress in the Doctor of Psychology Course will be modified and extended as appropriate. The student may be judged to be inappropriate for continued training. If so, the Board of Studies will develop a plan for the student‘s education based on their progress in the Doctor of Psychology Courses. 10.5 Processes for Placement Processes Pre-Placement Students are required to complete the following paperwork and/or read the following documentation immediately upon commencement of the DPsych (Clinical) course well before commencing their first placement: 1. Provisional Registration is a legal requirement to practice psychology. The Psychology Board of Australia (PBA) keeps a register of psychologists, processes applications for registration as a psychologist, investigates complaints and takes disciplinary action where appropriate. They operate within the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA) and are generally concerned with protection of the public, upholding standards of practice within the profession, maintaining public confidence in the profession, regulating the practice of Psychologists, and publishing and distributing information concerning relevant Acts. Upon enrolment in the DPsych (Clinical) course, and before students commence their first placement, they must be registered as a provisional psychologist with the PBA. Completion of this application can be onerous and often requires a considerable input of time. Students should therefore commence their application early and are advised to submit the completed application well in advance of the commencement of the first placement. A copy of the application form for provisional registration (APRO-10) is available from the PBA website: http://www.psychologyboard.gov.au/Forms.aspx. As a Provisional Psychologist, students must act in accordance with codes of ethical and professional conduct as outlined by the PBA. Students are responsible for familiarising themselves with the Health Practitioner Regulation National Law Act 2009 with particular attention to Part 8: Health, Performance & Conduct and Part 10: Privacy and Confidentiality. A copy of Act is available at: http://www.ahpra.gov.au/Legislation-and-Publications/Legislation.aspx. 2. APAC is a joint committee of members of the PBA and the APS who set the standards for accreditation of Australasian psychology programs. The accreditation process ensures that standards of university training are maintained and remain rigorous. Students must complete accredited courses to be eligible for registration as a psychologist. APAC Accreditation Standards ensure that standards of university training in psychology are maintained and remain rigorous. Section 5 of the June 2010 Accreditation standards details the requirements for Postgraduate Professional Courses. The full document can be viewed at: 114 http://www.apac.psychology.org.au/Assets/Files/APAC_Rules_for%20_Accreditatio n_and_Accreditation_Standards_for%20_Psychology_Courses_Ver_10_June_201 0.pdf 3. The APS College of Clinical Psychologists represent the interests of the profession. Since the DPsych (Clinical) degree is accredited and monitored by the APS College of Clinical Psychologists as well as APAC, these requirements must be met by all staff and students. The Clinical College utilises a competency framework. Students should familiarise themselves with the APS College of Clinical Psychologists: Course Approval Guidelines, November 2006 (Appendix A) and the APS College Competencies: Specification of areas of specialist knowledge and skills (Appendix B). 4. Police Check Before students are permitted to undertake any placement, a Police check is required. Students are responsible to secure this Police check themselves. The university has obtained a special reduced fee for students ($15). The police check procedure, along with the form containing the required signature and Monash University details, can be found at: http://www.med.monash.edu.au/current/policechecks.html Section A and E has already been completed for you Section D – put No (the check is not being paid for by the organisation) When you receive the results of the police check, submit a copy to the placement administrator, Lisa Blair using the Verification/Permission form (available for download from the above website). You will need to reapply every year. The reapplication process is identical to the first application. These checks take a minimum of 10 days, so please organise well in advance of the first placement. 5. Working with Children (WWC) Check Department of Human Services requires students doing clinical placements involving work with children to complete a Working with Children Check. This needs to be completed prior to your first placement even if this is not a paediatric placement as adult services often have contact with clients less than 18 years of age. There is no fee for students as you come under the volunteer category. Application forms are available from selected Australia Post Offices. Use the following information to fill in the form: Section 11 - Please specify Code No. 58, and cross 'Volunteer' Section 12 o Cross third option (I currently work or volunteer in child related work etc) o Primary organisation: School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University o Address: Building 17, Clayton Campus, Monash University 3800 o Contact phone number: 9905 9440 115 Take the completed but unsigned form, a passport photo, and 100 points of ID to a participating postal outlet. When you receive your WWC card, present your card along with the Verification/Permission Form (available for download from http://www.med.monash.edu.au/current/police-checks.html) to the placement administrator, Lisa Blair. It can take up to 2 months to obtain the WWC Check ID card so please get onto this well before your first placement. Arranging Placements The DPsych program has established a network of placements in a variety of settings within which students can receive appropriate placements training. Table 2 lists some of the agencies in which DPsych students may undertake their placements. This list is not comprehensive but demonstrates the diversity that is available. There are several postgraduate psychology programs operating in Victoria, which creates challenges in finding placements for student as most of the services and organisations that provide placements have their own application procedures and selection processes. Given the complexity and often the anxiety-provoking nature of this task, it very important for students to discuss their preferences with the placement coordinator early so they can collaborate on the best way to obtain the placement that they want. Table 2. Placement Agencies Monash Clinical Psychology Centre The Alfred Hospital Austin Health Forensicare Southern Health Adult Mental Health Services Monash Medical Centre Royal Children‘s Hospital Thomas Embling Hospital Department of Justice Children's Court Clinic Southern Health Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre Inner West Area Mental Health Service Peninsula Community Mental Health Service Caulfield General Medical Centre Pain Clinic & Rehab Strathcona Girls School Adolescent Forensic Health Service Royal Melbourne Hospital 116 In order to take students‘ prior experience, skills, and interests into account for the initial and the following placements, students must complete the Placement Preferences Form (see Appendix C) and submit it along with their CV to the Placement Coordinator during the first semester of the course. Ideally, placements will occur in a range of settings including an adult setting, a child setting, an inpatient setting, and an outpatient setting. It is strongly recommended that students arrange a meeting with the Placement Coordinator to discuss their preferences in more detail. Student preferences will be taken into account; however, there is a possibility that students will be allocated to placements that they have not chosen due to limitations in availability. Also, students are encouraged to inform the Placement Coordinator if they are aware of any possible placements that are not currently being offered by the DPsych program. Placement agencies must have staff that can provide supervision to DPsych students. All supervisors are selected on the basis of their experience in clinical psychology and their skill in training students. All field supervisors must have full registration with the PBA and be a member, or eligible for membership, of the APS College of Clinical Psychologists and a senior member of staff (P3 or above). All supervisors must provide Monash University with their curriculum vitae to keep on file according to APAC guidelines. As noted earlier, the initial placement is allocated to students by the Placement Coordinator. Most students will be allocated to the Clinical Psychology Centre (CPC) and a few students will be allocated to external services. Students will generally apply for Intermediate placements (Semester 1, Year 2) as early as August in the year they commenced the course and will apply for Advanced Placements as early as March in Year 2 of the course. After discussion with the Placement Coordinator, the student will generally choose three agencies to apply to and the application procedures for the service will be supplied by the Placement Coordinator. It is the responsibility of the student to adhere to the specific processes of the agencies, to supply an appropriate cover letter and a CV to the agencies, and to meet the application deadlines. Some services prefer if the Placement Coordinator submits student applications all at once and others prefer for students to apply directly so students must ensure that they are following the proper procedures. The Placement Coordinator may assist students with cover letters and CVs should students need some guidance. See “Tips for Writing Cover Letters” in Appendix C. The service will generally contact students to notify them if they have been short-listed for an interview. Unfortunately, various services do not coordinate their interviewing schedules, some holding their interviews until early December—so it is important to be patient during this process. Students should prepare for the interview as they would for a job application. Be prepared to discuss previous skills, experience, and interests and expectations for the placement. Expressing enthusiasm will be of benefit! Areas of clarification during the interview with a potential supervisor are: What specific project(s) and/or clinical experiences are available? What organisational resources are available to assist in completing these specific projects (e.g., access to computers, copiers, introductions to other departments)? What potential skills and experience will be gained from this placement (especially with regard to competencies of clinical psychologists)? In general, what days and times are required to attend placement? 117 It is important to notify the Placement Coordinator of progress during the application process. Specifically, students should email the Placement Coordinator when they have applied to a service, when the service has contacted students regarding an interview, and when the service has or has not offered students a placement. Generally students will be successful in obtaining a placement; however, if this does not occur, the Placement Coordinator needs to know as soon as possible to ensure the student is placed. When students have been offered a placement, it is their responsibility to contact their Supervisor prior to their placement. The aim of this initial contact is to introduce themselves and to discuss days of attendance, expected work hours and a specific start date. Other useful topics of discussion include: directions and car parking arrangements, recommended reading, and clinical tests that are likely to be used. Processes during Placement Placement Workload The student should be able to make a genuine contribution to the work of the agency, but this may take a little time. Students need to get an understanding of how the agency operates first, and it is expected that students will largely take an observational role in the first few weeks. If, after this time students have concerns about how they are spending time and what they are contributing to the agency, they should raise this with the Placement Coordinator. Remember, however, that agencies are all different and the number of clients seen across placements will vary. Reading and report writing which is required for placement should, as far as possible, occur within the allotted placement time. Reports and notes should be done on time. This is particularly important when students are only attending the placement a few days a week. Reports need to be prepared with sufficient time for changes to be made. Client Contact While on placement a student is required to have face to face client contact for a period of approximately 3.5 hours per day. This contact may be in the form of individual or group work and may be with or without a supervisor present. Many students find that client contact starts slowly then increases over the duration of the placement. Students should therefore not be too concerned if in the initial stages their client contact is less than 3.5 hours per day. Supervision Supervision should involve on average one hour of direct contact for each full day of placement. This may be in the form of direct supervision of the student carrying out activities to discussion of placement activities and cases. It can also include group supervision although at least 50% of supervision should be individual. Not all supervision has to be with the primary supervisor, it can be with another eligible clinical supervisor. All other supervision should be discussed with the primary supervisor. It is important to log all supervisory activities. In addition, students are required to have other regular contact with the supervisor (e.g. attending case conferences, ward rounds). Clinical ward rounds and PD activity on placements (including case conferences) do not satisfy criteria for clinical supervision hours. If clinical review is part of small group supervision it will satisfy criteria for small group supervision. If students are not receiving the appropriate amount of 118 supervision, they should discuss the matter with their Supervisor or the Placement Coordinator. The student should discuss with their expectations of supervision including the timing and structure of sessions. Generally, Supervisors will schedule a regular time to catch up with students for individual supervision. Although most Supervisors will be happy to answer some questions out of scheduled supervision sessions, this should be limited to more significant issues. Judge the appropriateness and urgency of questions and try to save more minor questions or issues for scheduled supervision sessions. If students are sharing office space with their Supervisor, avoid the temptation of asking minor questions of them because they are close by. Demands on the student are expected to increase as the student advances through the DPsych program. Supervision in the initial placements would consist of direct supervision of the activities of the placement. As the student progresses through the program, supervision should incorporate discussion of case planning and development of the role that the agency plays in service delivery. Supervisors need to take the student‘s level of experience into account when deciding on the expectations of the student in the placement. Students should make the most of their supervision sessions using it as a forum to discuss cases, consolidate knowledge, learn new techniques, attend to process issues as well as content, present challenges as well as successes, addressing personal responses to clients and to supervision and ways personal values have been challenged or affirmed, obtaining support and strengthening confidence, and gaining a thorough understanding of a psychologist‘s role and how it compares and functions with other professionals. The following points have been delineated by past students as characterising useful supervision and may serve as a guide for the supervisory relationship. The supervisor should: Establish the student‘s role with the organisation clearly, including details of the work expected. All employment requires completion of some mundane and repetitive tasks (e.g., photocopying, completing forms) and student placements are no exception. The main objective of the placement is, however, to provide an opportunity for students to gain a range of new professional health psychology skills while contributing to the objectives of the placement agency. Provide an appropriate orientation including giving background information about the agency and its functions, the type of clients and problems seen, professional and administrative procedures, emergency procedures, the physical layout of the facility and an introduction to other relevant staff members Provide the student with a clinical psychology caseload. Provide an opportunity for the student to observe the supervisor, and other staff where appropriate Invite students to participate in team meetings that involve professional and clinical issues and analysis Provide theoretical background/material when necessary Orient the student to common assessment/testing instruments and procedures within the agency and provide guidance in interpretation and report writing. Guide students to relevant literature and professional development opportunities that will assist them to execute their role more effectively. 119 Assist the student in developing his/her report and provide detailed feedback regarding report writing where appropriate. Provide detailed, honest and supportive feedback on a regular basis of all aspects—highlighting both strengths and areas for improvement—of the student‘s performance during the placement. Develop a relationship with the student that facilitates frank and open discussion of weaknesses, difficulties and potential problems. If Unable to Attend Placement If students are unable to attend placement for any reason they should advise their Supervisor. If students are unwell it is wise to stay away from placement, as spreading germs throughout an office and hospital wards is ill advised. If students are away from placement for a prolonged period (due to illness or holidays) they should advise the Placement Coordinator in advance. Computer and Internet Facilities on Placement Students will normally be allowed access to a computer on placement in order to write reports. Some students take their own laptops with them on placements to write reports but please be careful to secure laptops - It is unlikely the placement organisation would take any responsibility for a laptop if it were stolen. Depending on the placement, students may be allowed access to internet and email facilities, however, students should use these for work purposes only. Students should discuss policies on the electronic storage of reports including use of personal USB sticks to store patient reports with their Supervisors– If allowed to store reports electronically students will have to ensure that all identifying information in reports are removed and/or password protect client-related documents. See below for guidelines on de-identifying documents. Professional and Ethical Conduct As Provisional Psychologists, DPsych students are required to act in a professional and ethical manner. All students should familiarise themselves and act in accordance with the Code of Ethics published by the Australian Psychological Society and the Health Practitioner Regulation National Law Act 2009 published by the Psychology Board of Australia. Students should also ask their supervisor if there are policies specific to their placement organisation that they need to be aware of regarding professional and ethical behaviour. The following outlines some of the issues students are likely to face in placements relating to professional and ethical conduct: (i) Student as Compared to Employee Role Students have a special place in the team. While they may carry some of the workload they are not seen as full members of the team. Make your role as a student clear to other professionals and clients. Be careful not to provide a “professional opinion” without prior consultation with your Supervisor. (ii) Responsibility to Your Supervisor As a Provisional Psychologist, your supervisor is responsible for all of your activities on placement. Therefore it is important you always keep your supervisor informed about your 120 activities and any issues that arise. At times you may have a different opinion to your supervisor – this is normal and can be discussed in supervision sessions, however, your supervisor has the final word on clinical issues. Sometimes other professional staff will be unclear about your role as a student and may ask you to perform inappropriate tasks or tasks that are additional to those set by your supervisor and of which he/she is unaware. Keep your supervisor aware of these situations as they arise. Usually it is best to ask other staff members who present you with work to go through your supervisor. Across your placements, you will find that no two supervisors are the same. Although you will connect with some supervisors more easily than others, you should show appropriate respect for all supervisors and what they offer you on placement. (iii) Respect for Other Professionals Respect for others‘ professional training is essential. There may be times, however, when you do not receive appropriate respect in return. Despite the fact that you are receiving up to the minute training, you will be seen as the team member who is most inexperienced. Because of your role in the hierarchy, it is sometimes easy for students to accept inappropriately disrespectful behaviour directed towards them. Be prepared to check out instances that concern you with your supervisor or Placement Coordinator. It is much easier and better to do this early rather than wait until a pattern of behaviour has become firmly established by which time it is likely that the other person believes you are accepting of this style of interaction. (iv) Agency Culture Try to gain an understanding of the culture of the agency. While there may be aspects of it you do not agree with, as a student you should not expect to be able to make changes to the culture. Try to fit in to the culture as much as is reasonable without compromising your values, i.e., wearing appropriate dress, participation in the social life of the agency. Be polite to staff and patients at all times. If you feel uncomfortable about the culture, try to work out the basis of the problems. Seek help from your placement supervisor or Placement Coordinator if necessary. (v) Representing yourself as a Provisional Psychologist When introducing yourself to clients you should clearly indicate that you are a Provisional Psychologist who is training under the supervision of a fully registered psychologist and you should explain the purpose of your assessment or session. It can be helpful to discuss with your Supervisor the best way to introduce yourself to clients and others. It is very rare that a patient will refuse to be seen by you because you identify yourself as a Provisional Psychologist – If this does happen inform your supervisor as soon as possible and don‘t take it personally. (vi) Patient Privacy and Confidentiality Discuss with your Supervisor how confidentiality of patient information is managed within the agency and adhere to these methods. Examples of ways to maintain patient privacy and confidentiality include: Collect only information relevant to the service being provided. 121 Never release any information such as reports or test scores to other parties (including clients) without first consulting your supervisor. Do not discuss information about the client with others including family and friends of the client unless you have the client‘s consent. If the client is under 18 years, ensure you have parental consent to release information. Discuss with your supervisor about policies regarding storage of reports. You are not allowed to take hospital or psychology files off site. You may be allowed to copy material and de-identify it to take it home but you will need to discuss this with your supervisor. If you are saving patient reports or other information to memory sticks or other computers, de-identify the information and/or password protect documents. In general, you should never email a report to a supervisor without de-identifying information or using a password. Again talk with your supervisor about these issues. (vii) Guidelines re: De-identification People can be identified by all sorts of other information, not just their names. When you de-identify a report, ensure that you change/delete the following: client name, family members name, doctor/psychiatrist/other workers names, the name of the hospital/other care agencies, their place of residence, where they went to school, where they work, their job if it is unique, the date they were admitted, the date they were assessed (Year is sufficient), their date of birth (year is sufficient). Make sure that it is obvious that you have done so, either by placing an 'XX' where the information would have been or by clearly stating that names, dates etc have been changed for privacy purposes. e.g. "XX was admitted on XX date in 2010" or "The name of the client and the client's family members have been changed as well as the admission date and name of the hospital to ensure that privacy is maintained." (viii) Professional Boundaries You should maintain professional boundaries with clients at all times. You should not engage in any form of personal relationship with clients or give clients personal information such as your home address or telephone number. Often clients will ask questions about your personal life – they usually have no other motive other than being friendly and polite, however, limit the personal information you disclose about yourself. The parameters of appropriate self-disclosure in the context of therapy can be discussed with your supervisor. Occasionally, you may be given a gift such as chocolates from a client as appreciation of your work. This is normally fine however sometimes patients can give gifts which are excessive (e.g., jewellery) - Use your judgement about whether you should accept the gift and discuss with your supervisor. (ix) Dress on Placement What you wear on placement can help to maintain a professional appearance and maintain professional boundaries. The specific style of clothing you wear will vary from placement to placement. It is recommended that you dress more conservatively/formally when you first start placement and then adjust your clothing based on the style that is normal for your supervisor and other staff in a similar role. It is less common these days to 122 wear formal attire such as suits, however, you should avoid casual clothes like jeans, tshirts, street shoes, sandals, and any revealing clothing. Many organisations require closed-toe shoes and can have rules regarding piercings. You may want to ask your supervisor before you start about dress expectations. (x) Signing of Reports and File Notes Always write your name and position (i.e., Provisional Psychologist) at the end of your reports and file notes. According to APAC guidelines, your supervisor should counter-sign all your reports and file entries. Student Files Throughout the placement, the Placement Coordinator will document all contacts with supervisors, students, or other relevant parties using the appropriate placement documents and/or saving email communication and noting pertinent phone conversations. All reports and placement documents will be placed in a student file, and will be securely stored. Student Concerns At times, issues or problems can arise on placement. If students experience difficulties on placement they should work towards resolving the issue rather than let things continue unaddressed. Most issues can often be resolved by talking with the placement supervisor, however, if this is unsuccessful or if students feel unable to do this, then please contact the Placement Coordinator as soon as possible. The process for raising concerns and for resolving placement issues is described in detail under the Special Review Report in the Placement Documentation Section (below). Placement Documentation All forms relevant to the placement monitoring process and are located in Appendix C of this handbook. These forms must be completed and submitted in order to pass the placement. Students should keep the originals of all the forms and submit copies. Table 3 outlines the documentation requirements and timeline. Placement documentation includes: Police & Working with Children Check Verification Form Placement Preference Form Placement Requirements Timetable Placement Contract (includes Placement Details, Health and Safety Checklist, Goals) Mid-Placement Report Final Assessment Report – Supervisor Form Final Assessment Report – Student From Special Review Report Placement Diary Supervision Logbook 123 Placement Preference Form This form identifies the placement interests of students and is to be completed and submitted to the Placement Coordinator in the first semester of the course. It is strongly suggested that students also arrange a meeting with the Placement Coordinator to discuss their preferences in more detail to increase the likelihood that students are satisfied with their experiences during placements over the duration of the course. Placements Requirements Timetable This form details the requirements during the placement unit. All placement documents are required to be submitted or sighted within a specific timeframe, and this form is to assist students to keep track of the deadlines for the various requirements during placement. Once students have a commencement date for their placement, they are to complete this form by entering the expected due dates for all the required documents. Also note that the on-site visit occurs midway through the placement. The date for the mid-placement review should be arranged at the beginning of the placement. Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays during school breaks are preferable. Please contact the Placement Coordinator with tentative dates and times before filling in the due date. Once students have filled in the expected due dates column for each requirement, they should make a copy for themselves and forward it to the Placement Coordinator. Students should have access to this form throughout their placement to ensure that the documents are submitted in a timely manner. The Placement Coordinator will note on the form when the documents have been submitted in the student‘s file. Table 3. Placement Requirements Process During Placement Upon Completion of Placement Task Placement Contract (placement details, OHS, goals) (within 2 weeks of commencement) Placement Requirements Timetable (within 2 weeks of commencement) Supervision Logbook/Placement Diary (to be sighted within 2 weeks of placement) On-site Placement Visit* (midway through placement) Final Assessment Report—Supervisor (within two weeks after completion) Final Assessment Report—Student (within two weeks after completion) Supervision Logbook/Placement Diary (to be submitted within two weeks after completion) Placement Contract At the commencement of each placement, students and supervisors are required to complete the Placement Contract which contains three sections: (A) Placement Details, (B) Health & Safety Checklist, and (C) Placement Goals. 124 The Placement Contract is to be completed by the student and supervisor within the first few days of the placement and a copy of this is to be submitted to the Placement Coordinator for approval and signature. (A) Placement Details. This section of the contract contains general information about the student, the placement, the supervisor and the supervisory arrangements. (B) Placement Health and Safety Checklist. The Placement Health and Safety Checklist is a form that ensures that students are aware of the occupational health and safety policies of the placement organisation. This form should be filled in with the Supervisor or another appropriate staff member (OH&S rep) who is well acquainted with the policies and procedures of the placement organisation. (C) Contract Goals. The goal of the contract is to clarify the expectations the student and supervisor have of each other as well as the responsibilities and learning opportunities the placement can offer. The contract enables students to identify areas in which they wish to gain experience or to improve, and also allows supervisors to identify goals specific to the particular placement. Student goals for placements should be viewed with respect to the student‘s level of placement, previous experience, current theoretical knowledge and skills, and the services provided by the placement organisation. Goals should be clearly defined and should focus on practice issues. General headings that reflect the expected specialist knowledge, skills and competencies of a clinical psychologist are outlined below. These goals can be changed and/or modified to suit a particular placement and the specific needs of a student. 1. Psychologist’s Role Students should gain a thorough understanding of the psychologist‘s role within the placement organisation and how the role interacts and functions with other roles and services (both internal and external) in the overall delivery of services to the community. It is important for them to be clear about the specialist skills that clinical psychologists offer, how to delineate the difference between these skills and what other professionals offer, how the role of the clinical psychologist may overlap or be similar with the role of other professionals and how to work effectively within a multi-disciplinary team. As students progress in their placements, they are expected to be well integrated within the team and more comfortable participating in team and case discussions. 2. Workload Students should have adequate client contact. APAC stipulates an average of 3.5 hours of client contact per day of placement. Students’ time should reflect a balance of structured tasks (client appointments, meetings, report-writing) and unstructured time (research, reflection, informal supervision) with the capacity to complete all tasks within working hours. If students are habitually working overtime or taking work home, this should be addressed in supervision. 3. Theoretical Understanding Students have a foundation of theoretical knowledge with an emphasis on cognitive behavioural theory, skills and techniques. Placements are often their first opportunities to enhance their learning by translating theory into practice. 125 Continued emphasis should be placed on learning and applying CBT, particularly in introductory placements. However, placements provide an opportunity for students to be exposed to other theories and techniques, particularly if the supervisor has particular expertise or the placement setting has a different theoretical underpinning. Therefore, the general goal for students on placement is to understand the relevant theories, principles and methods necessary to practice as a clinical psychologist in the placement setting. 4. Psychological assessment and report-writing Students often feel uncertain about their skills in psychological assessment and report writing. Therefore, they require a lot of support and practice in improving both their confidence and their skills. It is strongly suggested that students are given opportunities to observe assessments and well as be observed conducting assessments. Assessments can include but are not limited to: conducting and interpreting psychiatric interviews (including MSEs), behavioural analyses & assessments, cognitive & intellectual assessments, risk assessments, and personality assessments. Students also need practice and support in interpreting and reporting results through case notes, professional letters and/or formal reports. Different placement settings often have different expectations and requirements in regard to how information is recorded, particularly in file casenotes and in formal reports. Students need to be aware of the specific requirements of the placement setting for recording client information and to have an understanding of the reasons why information is recorded in a certain way. 5. Clinical skills As much a possible, students should be exposed to a variety of clients: males and females, adults and children, individuals, family & groups and people with a range of presentations and disorders. Again, student placements are often the first time students are applying theory to practice so they require opportunities to observe other psychologists and to be observed providing treatment. Students also need to gain more confidence and skills in developing formulations, providing diagnoses, appropriately selecting and providing evidence-based treatments (particularly CBT) for individuals, families and groups, designing treatment plans and evaluation processes, providing secondary consultation, and appropriately referring to other health professionals. 6. Supervision Students should use regular supervision effectively by proactively addressing areas needing further professional development, by openly discussing both successes and challenges, by enhancing theoretical knowledge, and by effectively applying learning to clinical practice. Students should have one hour of supervision per day of placement, at least 50% of which will be individual supervision. 7. Professionalism Students should demonstrate professional behaviour with regard to how they present themselves (appearance, punctuality) as well as how they interact with colleagues and clients within the placement setting (accountability, communication, ethical behaviour, appropriate boundaries) and how they conduct themselves 126 outside the service (confidentiality). If issues related to professionalism are apparent, they should be addressed within supervision. 8.Occupational Health & Safety Students should receive a thorough orientation to the service at the commencement of their placement that includes information about the occupational health and safety guidelines of the placement organisation. Areas of particular importance include policies around safety (fire, aggressive clients, working after hours) and appropriate working conditions. A checklist is provided for supervisors to complete with students in the first two weeks of placement (see Appendix C). If the Contract is not approved, recommendations are made by the Placement Coordinator and the contract returned to the Student for revision with their Supervisor. In such a case, the Placement Coordinator would contact the Supervisor to discuss the issue. Once approved, a copy of the Contract is provided to the Supervisor and Student and the original is stored in Student‘s placement file. Mid-Placement Report As noted above, the mid-placement review occurs mid-way through a student‘s placement. Arrangements for this review will be made well in advance to ensure that all parties can attend. The Mid-Placement report is completed by the placement coordinator during a meeting with the placement supervisor, placement coordinator and student present. The student will be assessed on their progress toward their individual placement goals (as detailed in the Placement Contract), and this will be documented by the Placement Coordinator on the Mid-Placement report during the meeting. A copy of the Mid-Placement report will be provided to all parties. Any problems or concerns arising from the midplacement review shall be handled using the Resolution Process described below. The Placement Coordinator shall provide to the appropriate committee of each course the midplacement review results for review and approval. Final Assessment Reports The student is formally assessed across a range of areas as defined in the Final Assessment Report—Supervisor Version. The Final Assessment Report – Supervisor Version is completed by the Supervisor and should be discussed with the student as a way of providing feedback about their performance during placement as well as guidance about areas they should develop further in future placements or for professional development. The Final Report also serves as the basis for assessing the satisfactory completion of the placement. Students are to fill out the Final Assessment Report - Student Version. They should note that any information recorded here may be used to provide the supervisor with feedback. These Final Assessment Reports are submitted to the Placement Coordinator. Special Review Report Any matters arising outside of the formal review process detailed above should be brought to the attention of the Placement Coordinator(s). The Process for raising concerns is as follows: 127 A Student on placement is operating within a professional environment. The University and the Placement Site have expectations that the Student will conduct themselves professionally and in accordance with APS Code of Ethics and the Victorian Psychologists Registration Board Code of Conduct. If the Student experiences a problem on Placement, s/he should identify the difficulty and work towards resolving it. Resolution of the problem may involve consultation with the Supervisor, the Placement Coordinator(s), and/or Chair of the Board of Studies. The following recommendations have been developed to enhance this process: The Student identifies the issue to be raised. The Student discusses this issue with her/his Supervisor. If the Student has concerns about raising the issue with her/his Supervisor, or requires advice regarding an appropriate course of action, then s/he should first approach the Placement Coordinator(s) to discuss the same. If discussion of the issue with the Supervisor does not resolve the issue, then the Student will inform the Placement Coordinator of the situation. At that time, the Placement Coordinator will proceed as appropriate and according to the Monash University Doctor of Psychology Guidelines. If a Student‘s concerns remain unresolved, the Student is invited to consult with the Board of Studies for further consideration. Any problems or concerns arising will be handled using the Resolution Process described below. Such review process will be documented on the Special Review Report. Placement Diary The placement diary provides documentary evidence of the number of hours, type of practice, and supervision undertaken. Guidelines, as indicated earlier, are a total of 1000 total hours among the three placements, 400 total hours of direct client contact. Therefore, for the initial placement (32 days/250 hours), 100 hours of client contact is necessary to complete the placement. For the intermediate and advanced placements, 150 hours of direct client contact is necessary. The diary should include records of direct client contact and related psychological activities including writing case notes, researching information and writing reports as well as supervision sessions, ward rounds, handover meetings and other relevant activities. The purpose is to provide evidence of the level of client contact and the nature of the work carried out on placement. This must be retained for possible approval by the PBA and the Australian Psychological Society (APS). Students should present their diary to their supervisor for signing on a regular basis throughout the placement. An example diary format (adapted from a template provided by the PBA) is located in the Appendices with example entries. According to APAC guidelines, the full diary must be submitted and signed by the Placement Coordinator and kept on file for ten years. Supervision Logbook Students must keep a logbook of their supervision sessions while on placement. Logbook entries need to include the date of the supervision session, an indication as to whether the session was individual or group, a brief description of the issues brought to the session, the content of the session, plans for the next supervision session, students comments about the session and how it has affected them or will affect their practice, and supervisor comments. Again, guidelines are that students receive an average of at least one hour per 128 day of placement, of which 50% may be group supervision. Ensure that you log any supervision you receive including consultations with other colleagues. The entries must be signed by the both student and the supervisor after each supervision session. An example logbook format (adapted from a template provided by the PBA) is located in the Appendices as well as two example entries. According to APAC guidelines, the full diary must be submitted and signed by the Placement Coordinator and kept on file for ten years. Never use a client’s real name in the diary or logbook. Use a fictitious name or fictitious initials. Also remove other identifying information. Be careful about the use of colleagues’ names – refer to them by position rather than by name. Resolution Process Any problem or concern shall be documented on the appropriate form (i.e. Mid-Placement Review Form, Final Placement Review Form or Special Review Report). The party who raised the issue shall review and sign the documentation. The party about whom the issue was raised will have the opportunity to review the documentation and respond. The Placement Coordinator will work with both parties to establish a plan of resolution as necessary and appropriate. The resolution plan shall be documented on the appropriate form and initialled by the parties. Matters not resolved to the satisfaction of the parties will be directed to the Board of Studies of the Doctor of Psychology (Clinical Psychology) course for action. Decisions made by the Board of Studies will be communicated to the parties. 10.6 Policies Relevant to Placements Insurance All enrolled students are members of a personal accident insurance scheme (see http://www.sport.monash.edu.au/accident-insurance.html and download the document entitled “Student Personal Accident Insurance Policy Information Sheet”), which applies in off-campus situations that include activities authorised by the University. The University has a public and products liability insurance protecting it from claims by third parties for personal injury or damage to property. The policy extends this protection to: Employees and voluntary workers whilst acting within the scope of their duties in such capacity; Students engaged in placements training both on or off-campus including but not limited to community placement, enterprise experience, work experience or off campus field assignments. Some placement agencies (e.g., hospitals, government agencies) require negotiated Monash-Agency agreements. A number of these are currently held by Monash with outside agencies and will not need to be specifically negotiated for the placement. If a new Monash-Agency agreement needs to be finalised this process may take up to six months or more. The Placement Coordinator can provide further information regarding these 129 requirements if they apply to the student’s particular situation. Students employed by the placement agency are not covered by Monash Insurance as they are employees of the organisation. Motor vehicles Monash University is not liable for damage to any vehicles while students are on placement. Students use their vehicles at the owner’s risk. It is the responsibility of each student to arrange adequate insurance protection for any damage arising out of the use of his/her vehicles. Students must clarify with the placement agency the conditions governing the use of a private vehicle during placement, in such cases as transporting clients or colleagues. Occupational Health, Safety and Environment Monash University must ensure that students will be operating in a safe work environment during a placement. The University staff and students need to consider risks they are exposed to and the control measures available to minimise those risks. Students should receive information concerning typical hazards and risks that they may encounter in the environment in which they are to work. Requirements for Placements in Significant Risk Organisations Students should not commence a placement until they have received safety information from the placement organisation. When the activities/tasks to be undertaken are higher risk than those found in organisations where the tasks are predominantly clerical in nature, the following additional requirements apply: The safety information should include both information about typical hazards and risks that they may encounter in the organisation as well as specific safety information for the tasks that they will be undertaking This information could be provided via relevant sections of the organisation’s safety manual Health and Safety Briefing The health and safety briefing for placements in significant risk organisations should also cover significant safety issues that are specific to the type of work being undertaken such as, for instance, the procedure to be followed where a student may encounter violent or aggressive behaviour. All placement students must sign a form to verify that they have read all of the health and safety information provided. Student Responsibilities Each student has a moral and legal responsibility for ensuring that his or her work environment is conducive to good OHS by: 130 Reading any notices relating to the student placement, attending any briefing sessions and returning any forms to the placement organiser Taking action to avoid, report, eliminate or minimise hazards of which they are aware Complying with all OHS instructions, policies and procedures Making proper use of all safety devices and personal protective equipment Being familiar with emergency and evacuation procedures Not wilfully or recklessly endangering the health and safety of any person at the workplace or interfere with or misuse anything provided in the interests of environment, health, safety or welfare Adopting safe work and study practices Seeking clarification of supervisory arrangements Seeking the provision of appropriate training where required Reporting all accidents, injuries and near misses to their supervisor and Placement Unit Coordinator Approval of Placement Sites and Supervisors The Placement Coordinator(s) shall provide to the Board of Studies a list of proposed placement sites, the names of proposed Placement Supervisors, and relevant documentation for formal review and approval. Placement Monitoring Process Suitability of placements is monitored and kept under review and any health, safety or equity concerns should be reported to the Placement Coordinator during the placement. Throughout the placement, the Placement Coordinator will document all contacts with supervisors, students, or other relevant parties using the appropriate placement documents, and by saving pertinent email communication and noting relevant phone communication in the students’ files. All reports and materials related to any student’s placement will be placed in the student’s placement file. At the end of a placement, a student evaluation (Final Report—Student Version) will be completed before the placement is completed. One purpose of this evaluation is to detect any risks in the workplace that were not adequately controlled and to ensure that action is taken before any further placements are arranged with that placement agency. Monash University policies are available from the Occupational Health, Safety & Environment web site (http://www.adm.monash.edu.au/ohse/documents/docum.htm). Equity and Diversity Monash University is committed to promoting equal opportunity in education and employment in recognition of the principles of equity and justice as expressed in the Monash University Global Equal Opportunity Policy; and to being fair, equitable and sensitive to the diverse needs of its students and staff in all its policies and practices and to supporting access by disadvantaged groups. Equity and diversity issues can be discussed with the Placement Coordinator or a representative from the Monash Equity and Diversity Centre. Staff and Student Services of Monash University have an Equity and Diversity Centre. The website can be found at http://www.adm.monash.edu.au/sss/pc/equity. Discrimination and harassment grievance procedures can be accessed from http://www.adm.monash.edu/sss/pc/equity/eo/policies/eo_discharpol.htm and the Monash Sexual Harassment and Vilification Brochure can be found at http://www.adm.monash.edu/sss/equity-diversity/equal-opportunity/what-you-can-do.html 131 11 Appendices The final section of this guide provides several important documents. These documents are described below. Appendix A – APS College of Clinical Psychologists Course Approval Guidelines presents the criteria that a course must satisfy for its graduates to be eligible for membership of the APS College of Clinical Psychologists. Appendix B – APS College of Clinical Psychologists Competencies specifies areas of knowledge and skill required of clinical psychologists. Appendix C – Placement documentation contains all forms and paperwork relating to placements. Appendix D - Thesis by Publication details information about submitting your doctoral thesis in the form of publications. 132 Appendix A – APS College of Clinical Psychologists Course Approval Guidelines November 2006 1. General Introduction and Principles The College of Clinical Psychologists of the Australian Psychological Society is committed to the development of a culture of excellence in the education, training and practice of clinical psychologists. This document sets out guidelines and standards for the evaluation of University postgraduate education and training courses in clinical psychology. It has been prepared to assist in the development and continued appraisal of high quality courses, and to guide the process of APS College of Clinical Psychologists approval of courses for the purposes of determining College membership eligibility. The course approval process assures the Society, through the College, that those successfully completing an approved course will be able to function at a level of professional competence and responsibility that meets the needs of clients, and enhances the standing of psychologists and psychology. The College considers the guidelines and standards to be both feasible and desirable at the present stage of development of psychology in general, and clinical psychology in particular. Where guidelines are inappropriate or unfeasible because clinical training and practice occurs in a rural or remote setting, AOUs are encouraged to gain approval for alternative but effective arrangements prior to rather than after the accreditation process. What is required for the approval process to proceed is evidence that the course meets the required standards, or it is placementsble for the course to reach the standards within a reasonable period of time, and there is the necessary commitment and determination to attain the standards. As part of the accreditation process, site visitors will obtain feedback about the course from key persons involved including teaching staff, clinic staff, field supervisors and students. This feedback may be obtained by email and/or in face to face meetings. It is recognised, however, that differences of opinion may arise in the application of the present guidelines and standards. If such differences do arise, the APS Clinical College Course Approval Committee will make every effort to bring about a resolution by negotiation. The APS College of Clinical Psychologists endorses the long-standing policy of the Australian Psychological Society that the preparation of clinical psychologists should be based on the “scientist-practitioner” model. The basic assumptions of this model are as follows: Psychological research, teaching of the basic discipline of psychology, professional training of psychologists, and the professional practice of psychology are inter-related parts of a single system, with responsibility for the total system devolving upon all who work within its various components. 133 The education and training of professional psychologists according to the scientistpractitioner model proceeds at several levels: 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Mastery of the knowledge, principles and methods of the basic discipline of psychology. Training in the conceptual skills required to apply the basic knowledge principles and methods to problems of professional practice. Acquisition of specific skills in the use of relevant procedures, technologies and techniques. Development of an orientation or mind-set which includes: (a) a respect for evidence; (b) a constant endeavour to achieve rigorous appraisal of and improvement in one’s own practice; (c) a constant effort to increase the component of psychological practice that is based firmly on scientific principles and evidence, and to decrease the component that is based on unsubstantiated speculation, unanalysed experience, intuition or art. It is recognised however that science progresses by a fusion of these types of cognitive processes, i.e., hypothesis generation often involves intuition and creative speculation followed by experimental justification of these hypotheses. Thus within a scientist-practitioner model clinical psychologists maintain a scholarly and critical approach to the scientific foundations of their profession, and to the evaluation of their own practice. They also retain a desire to contribute to the further development of scientific clinical psychology, and to keep abreast of, and critically appraise, developments by others. 2. General Program Requirements It is not the intention to specify detailed course content, but rather to suggest principles and ground rules that should be followed in constructing curricula. 2.1 2.2 2.3 134 Students, staff and supervisors should be provided with a Clinical Course Handbook which contains: (a) the Guidelines of the APS College of Clinical Psychologists Course Approval Committee; (b) the reciprocal responsibilities and obligations of academic staff, supervisors and students; (c) the compulsory and optional components of the course; (d) the particular requirements of each section of the course; (e) the methods of assessment to be used; (f) the standards required; (g) the Placement requirements of the course. The program must be general in character, i.e., it must cover those aspects of clinical psychology that are common to all areas of clinical practice, thereby providing a basis for possible later specialisation (after completing the requirements of the APS College of Clinical Psychologists for membership). The program must be of relevance to a wide range of presenting problems across age ranges from birth to death and across a variety of clinical settings. 2.4 The program must maintain a reasonable balance between the transfer of knowledge, skills acquisition and professional socialisation. 2.5 Procedures and techniques taught must be derived from scientifically sound theory and must be evidence-based. The College will be guided by current, peer-reviewed scientific literature (e.g., Cochrane database reviews) and APS, BPS, and APA publications on evidence based practice and evidence based treatments. 2.6 The presentation and discussion of evaluation research data relevant to each of the areas of assessment and intervention covered are essential. Where possible, emphasis should also be given to primary prevention approaches to psychological and physical problems. 2.7 Students must be encouraged to think critically about the scientific basis of their work, and to question theories and procedures that, although widely accepted, have no scientific basis. 2.8 Questions of ethics must be raised as and where appropriate, and linked with the development of formal codes of ethics. Time should be set aside for the examination and discussion of particular ethical issues and dilemmas in clinical practice and of their resolution; it is also desirable that students’ understanding of ethical issues be assessed. 2.9 The course must ensure that all students become sensitive to the needs of people from a range of cultural backgrounds, especially Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians. 2.10 The course must demonstrate a commitment to systematic and ongoing evaluation of coursework, research and practicum components to ensure standards are maintained. Evaluation processes must include regular clinical supervisor assessments of student performance and student evaluations of teaching (e.g., teaching quality surveys, exit surveys) and, preferably, of clinical supervision. Results of these evaluations must be made available to site visitors. Course reviews by independent experts (e.g., course advisory committees) and by staff (e.g., annual planning days) are encouraged. 3. Resourcing the Program It is not required that all staff contributing to the course be eligible for 3.1 3.2 3.3 membership of the APS College of Clinical Psychologists, but it is obligatory that all University staff undertaking direct clinical supervision be so qualified. Evidence should be provided that: (a) the staffing of the course is adequate to offer effective education and training (APAC Standards 2.4.9 to 2.4.11); (b) staff-student ratios are adequate (APAC Standards 4.1.6 and 4.2.5); (c) the course has adequate administrative and clerical support, i.e., it must be demonstrated that there are sufficient staff members to carry out the required tasks including teaching, providing clinical supervision, organising, coordinating and monitoring clinical placements, providing support for field supervisors, offering liaison with external organisations (e.g., hospitals, community health centres and Departments of Health) and offering research supervision, assessment and monitoring of students. Staff involved in clinical teaching should be involved in regular clinical work which has relevance to the course, and there should be evidence that this work is recognised and supported by the University. 135 3.4 3.5 It is also desirable that all staff members, especially those who teach clinical research skills, continue to participate in research projects of a clinical nature. The bulk of the coursework should be taught by academics with clinical qualifications. When other staff are used, they should possess suitable qualifications or expertise. When student presentations occur, they should constitute no more than 15% of the overall teaching program. 4. Content of Coursework Knowledge, and where appropriate, associated skills must be gained with individuals at all stages of the lifespan and across diverse clinical settings in the following core areas through formal academic teaching: Note: The numbers in the brackets represent the required minimum number of teaching hours. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 The systematic study of the mechanisms and aetiology of psychological disorders. (Students must gain a critical awareness of major psychiatric systems and diagnostic criteria.) (50) The principles and methods of behavioural, psychometric and clinical assessment of significant psychological problems. (50) The principles, procedures and techniques of psychological intervention and rehabilitation and primary prevention of psychological disturbance. (75) Psychopharmacology. (10) Research methods and evaluation. (25) Health psychology, behavioural medicine and rehabilitation. (35) Ethics and professional standards, including coverage of appropriate legislation and the National Practice Standards for the Mental Health Workforce (24) The additional, advanced coursework prescribed by the APAC for professional doctoral degrees must comprise a minimum of 48 teaching hours over the entire program (48). 5. Research See APAC Standards 4.1.20 to 4.1.25 for details concerning the research component for the Clinical Masters and 4.2.19 to 4.2.24 for the research concerning the Clinical Doctoral degree. It is expected that the research will have direct relevance to the field of clinical psychology. Site visitors must be provided with titles of research dissertations and theses completed since the last site visit. 6. Placements Placements experience is an important component of the preparation of students for independent professional roles in the clinical/health field. Its essential purpose is to ensure that students have appropriate opportunities to apply, under supervision, the knowledge and skills they have acquired in the education and training program. Models of Clinical Training The preferred model for clinical training is the problem formulation and hypothesis testing approach. 136 Following this model, individualised treatment programs are constructed on the basis of detailed psychological assessments and history taking, and a preliminary formulation of the problem, with hypotheses to be tested. Following monitoring of the client’s response to the initial intervention, the process is revised appropriately. On completion of the postgraduate program in clinical psychology, the student should be capable of: 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Reaching a detailed problem formulation on the basis of both standardised and unstandardised assessments, and Designing and conducting appropriate individual, group, and family treatment intervention programs, with ongoing monitoring, and revision of problem formulation and interventions where necessary. Two approaches to the teaching of clinical expertise should be avoided. Unstructured training, in which the psychologist’s role is presented as essentially the practice of an art which must be acquired on the basis of long experience, has no place in courses of training for scientistprofessionals. The “cookbook” approach, in which a package program (or set of assessment instruments) is selected on the basis of pre-determined criteria, is also insufficient in the teaching of clinical interventions. Standardised treatment programs provide a useful starting point and are appropriate for group interventions, but the teaching of such programs alone encourages an over-simplistic view of client problems. General Requirements for Placement Training The Clinical Course Handbook should include a section on professional practice that sets out: (a) (if applicable) details of the initial supervision of professional practice in the departmental clinic, including aims, purposes, requirements, responsibilities, methods, log keeping and assessment procedures; (b) guidelines for field placement training including: course requirements; organisation and administration of placements; the nature and requirements of the supervisory contract; the supervisory process; the responsibilities of the field supervisor, the University clinical supervisor, and the student under training; methods of evaluation; details of the basic field placement contract, assessment procedures; and student log books requirements. Formal Placement training should not begin until the students have demonstrated adequate knowledge of clinical theory and practice, usually by the second half of the first year of the course. In order to ensure the closest possible links between the knowledge base of the course and clinical practice, it is desirable that the initial placement occurs in the AOU’s own clinic under a systematic program of observation and supervision. When the initial placement occurs in the field, the AOU assumes responsibility to demonstrate that all appropriate learning outcomes are met. These outcomes include: (i) that clients are selected to match the developmental level of students (ii) that students receive high levels of supervision by qualified clinical psychologists committed to the scientist-professional model, and (iii) that student performance is observed regularly (e.g., by videotapes) to ensure shaping of clinical and professional skills. In planning courses of pacticum training, the requirements of State and Territory Psychologists Registration Boards should be kept in mind. Practicum within the master’s course must meet requirements specified in the APAC standards. In 137 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 138 addition, at least 400 of the total 1000 practicum hours shall be in face-to-face client contact in individual or group contexts. In rural settings, 100 of these contact hours may be via tele/videolink. Practicum within the professional doctoral course must meet requirements specified in the APAC standards. In addition, at least 600 of the 1500 practicum hours shall be in face-to-face client contact in individual or group contexts. The program of clinical supervision must be designed to fulfill the student’s changing developmental needs and meet standards for good client care. A minimum of 1 hour of supervision per placement day should occur in each placement, and total supervision time with the clinical supervisor(s) shall be at least 180 supervision hours. Doctoral students must meet supervision requirements specified for the Masters course AND obtain 50 additional hours of supervision during the 500 hours of advanced practicum. When students are on clinical placements they should, at a minimum, have access to a shared office, with own desk and arrangements for secretarial support. They should also have access to telephone facilities and a clinical consultation room for appointments. After the initial clinical skills training under the close supervision of course staff, students should receive further supervised experience in at least 3 field placements. It is essential that the placements provide students with the experience of dealing with a wide range of client problems (e.g. acute as well as chronic disorders), across varying age ranges (child, adolescent, adult, older adult), settings (e.g. inpatient/outpatient, community), and use of a variety of clinical skills (assessment, treatment, and professional). Each placement should be different in focus so that each of the above dimensions is covered adequately. It is highly desirable that placements be of sufficient duration (e.g., 2-3 days per week for 2-3 months) to enable students to take responsibility for a number of cases. In accordance with the APAC Standards 4.1.34 - 4.1.37 and 4.2.34 – 4.2.37 for practicum placements, the reciprocal responsibilities of the field supervisor, the student, and the University supervisor should be agreed formally in writing. All parties should agree on the type of student experience to be provided, the methods of monitoring student progress, and reporting and final assessment procedures. In consultation with supervisors, strategies should be developed to ensure the maintenance of standards in field placements. Mechanisms should be provided for ongoing assessments of the contribution particular placements are able to make to the professional development of the student. A log of casework and supervision, duly signed by supervisors, must be maintained for each placement to demonstrate that College requirements governing nature and hours of casework and supervision are satisfied. All placements should be visited by a member of the course team at least once during each placement. Ideally there should be a visit at the mid-point of placement. Both the supervisor and the student should submit a report on the student’s experience and performance at the end of each placement, with provision for the student to respond to comments by the supervisor. The clinical program should provide workshops in collaboration with field supervisors relating to supervision skills to encourage high standards of supervision. 6.19 The clinical program should provide continuing education programs which supervisors and graduates can attend. 6.20 Distance supervision may apply only where the actual travelling distance between the approved supervisor and the placement setting is in excess of one (1) hour or 100 kilometres and in a placement setting where there is no other qualified and experienced supervisor available. 6.21 Distance supervision may be appropriate whether the student is enrolled on a full or part-time basis. 6.22 Nor more than 300 hours of practicum time may be supervised by the distance supervision method. 6.23 Distance supervision may not apply to the student’s first placement, unless the student has had at least two (2) years of employed experience as a psychologist in a clinical setting. 6.24 Face to face contact between the student and intending distance supervisor must occur prior to the start of a distance placement, for the purpose of ensuring placement readiness. Adequate competency with test administration, interviewing and therapy procedures should be determined at this time. 6.25 A regular distance supervision contact time must be specified. A one (1) hour telephone contact each week is the minimum acceptable contact time. 6.26 The student must provide the distance supervisor written reports of the previous session and plans for the next session, for each client, at least 24 hours before the distance supervision weekly contact. This may be an email, fax or posted written report. 6.27 The student must submit to the distance supervisor a minimum of one (1) audiotaped session for each client seen. Client consent forms must be obtained, indicating an understanding that taped sessions may be sent be secure post to the distance supervisor, and subsequently erased. 6.28 Course criteria for an appropriate distance supervision setting must be specified in writing, in advance of the placement, and maintained on file. The following should be specified: A written description of the placement setting, including treatment orientation; An indication of the type of clients attending the setting; Basic materials available to the student (tests, treatment handbooks); Agency guidelines for client emergencies; Senior personnel available to the distance student (whether or not such persons have psychological training). 6.29 The post-graduate clinical course must provide a basic set of handbooks for loan to the distance student, in the event there are insufficient assessment/therapy resources in the distance placement setting. 6.30 Course staff undertaking distance supervision of a student must have had previous supervisory experience in a regular (non-distance) placement situations and preferably this should have occurred at the same academic institution where distance supervision is to be undertaken. 6.31 In the event of a distance supervision placement failure, the student’s “make-up” placement may not occur in a distance supervision situation. 6.32 Students in the distance supervised placement must satisfy all other requirements for placements specified in the Course Approval Guidelines. In the case of the requirement to maintain a log of client contact hours and supervisory time: it is 139 recommended that supervisory method be specified (phone, video, audio-tape, teleconference, etc.). 7. Assessment Assessment components in coursework and assessment methods in clinical placements must be carefully designed to capture application and skill competencies in both clinical assessment and intervention domains. An excessive reliance on essays, seminar presentations, and self report of one’s case management is inadequate. 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 140 Assessment of student competence should include performance in academic, clinical (professional) and research domains. Programs have a responsibility to develop assessment processes that are appropriately objective, and will ensure that students whose behaviour is professionally incompetent or unethical do not obtain a formal qualification in clinical psychology. Programs must specify the general criteria for satisfactory performance in clinical placements, and in order to facilitate evaluation of student skill development, criteria for competent clinical performance, should be specified in writing. The assessment of clinical competence should include evaluation of a minimum of four written case reports (of at least 2000 words) at some point in the program. The reports should provide details of the presenting case, describe the trainee’s work, and justify the methods used. Assessment of case material should be carried out by qualified clinical psychologists. Programs should ensure there is a procedure to deal with placement failure, such as extension of the training period if continuation of training is judged to be appropriate. Appendix B – APS College of Clinical Psychologists Competencies APS COLLEGE COMPETENCIES SPECIFICATION OF AREAS OF SPECIALIST KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS FEBRUARY 1997 This document contains the specification of competencies for the APS Colleges. These competencies are related to the 1996 Competencies of the Psychology Profession and should be read in conjunction with that document. Broad areas have been crossreferenced in italics below. Each College has provided specifications in the following areas: 1. Body of knowledge (cf. Competency 1: Discipline Knowledge) 1.1 Areas of psychology relevant to the specialist area in addition to general psychology 1.2 Non-psychological knowledge relevant to the specialist area (cf: Competency 5: Professional, Legal and Ethical Approach) 1.3 Major methods and instruments used for assessment (cf. Competency 3: Framing, Measuring and Solving Problems; Competency 2: Research) 1.4 The major psychological approaches and interventions used in the specialist Area (cf. Competency 4: Service Implementation) 2. Skills in psychological assessment and interpretation (cf. Competency 3: Framing, Measuring and Solving Problems) 2.1 Competence in psychological assessment methods and instruments appropriate to the specialist area 3. Application (intervention skills) (cf. Competency 4: Service Implementation and Competency 7: Professional and Community Relations) 3.1 Competence in the selection and application of interventions appropriate to the specialist area 3.2 Competence in the design, development, implementation and evaluation of interventions Furthermore, all College competencies relate to Competency 6:Communication and to Competency 8: Influence and Change. It should be noted that these Competencies are Entry-Level; that is, these competencies would be expected to be demonstrated by a psychologist seeking entry to the College as a Full Member. The Competencies should be taught both in the University training period and in subsequent supervised experience. It should also be noted that there has been an attempt to ensure all specifications are at an equivalent level of detail. Knowledge in these specified areas, together with advances in the discipline and specialised professional area, should be continually updated through Professional Development activities (necessary to maintain membership of the College[s]), and practitioners are expected to remain abreast of the professional, specialist and research literature. 141 APS COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGISTS 1 Body of knowledge 1.1 Areas of psychology relevant to the specialist area in addition to general psychology: 1.2 Non psychological knowledge relevant to the specialist area: 1.3 1.4 142 Major methods and instruments (appropriate application, validity, reliability, theoretical basis) used for assessment: The major psychological approaches and interventions (appropriate application research evidence, theoretical basis) used in the specialist area: Normal and abnormal Psychology theories of psychopathology (bio/psycho/social) Diagnostic classification (DSM-IV, ICD-10) Behavioural health management Personality theories Brain-behaviour relationships, psychophysiology, physiological psychology Cognitive processes Learning theory Developmental psychology Social psychology, group processes Cross cultural psychology Organisational knowledge/Organisational behaviour Research design and statistics Professional networks in Psychology (APS, PRBs) Australian institutions, culture and society Law and Codes of Conduct - practice as an expert witness Staff supervision; Human resources management Financial management - basic accounting, taxation, government Funding, drafting a funding request Professional development Time management Education, teaching and training Consultation, case and project management State Mental Health Acts Research methods Statistics Statistics analysis (including computing packages, eg SPSS) Test design and construction Psychometrics and survey statistics Descriptive research methods Program/treatment evaluation Evidence-based treatments and therapies Cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT) Behavioural therapies Family and systemic approaches 2 Skills in psychological assessment and interpretation 2.1 Competence in psychological assessment methods and instruments appropriate to the specialist area: Interviewing for personal/psychiatric history (including MSE) Behavioural analysis and assessment Personality assessment Group assessment - group processes PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING - GROUP A AND GROUP B TESTS GROUP A (not restricted to Psychologists) Behavioural assessment instruments (eg Beck, Hamilton, STAI) Group tests of intelligence (eg Raven’s Progressive Matrices) Aptitude batteries (eg Differential aptitude tests) Tests of creativity and reasoning Educational achievement tests Occupational tests Career counselling and guidance tests Environmental psychology (eg Social Climate Survey) Health psychology GROUP B (restricted to Psychologists) Individual intelligence tests - adult and child (eg Stanford Binet, Wechsler Scales) Neuropsychological tests (eg Halstead Reitan) Self report personality inventories (eg 16PF) 3 Application (intervention skills) 3.1 Competence in the selection and application of interventions appropriate to the specialist area: 3.2 Competence in the design, development, implementation and evaluation of interventions: Problem formulation/diagnosis (implied treatment) Individual/couple/family therapy (evidence based treatments) Group based treatments (evidence based) Program design, implementation and evaluation within a variety of settings (medical, psychiatric, rehabilitation) Referral to other health professionals Counselling strategies Competence in the design, development, implementation and evaluation of interventions listed in Section 1.4 143 Appendix C – Placement Documentation Placement Preference Form Tips for Writing Cover Letters and CVs Placement Requirements Timetable Placement Contract (includes Placement Details, Health & Safety Checklist, & Placement Goals) Placement Goals (Example) Mid-Placement Review Report Final Assessment Report - Student Instructions Final Assessment Report – Student Form Final Assessment Report – Supervisor Instructions Final Assessment Report – Supervisor Form Special Review Report Placement diary template Placement diary example Supervision Logbook template Supervision Logbook Example 1 Supervision Logbook Example 2 144 Placement Preferences Form (DPsych Clinical) Please fill out the following information to help me assist you in arranging your three placements over the next two years. Student Name: Student ID: Mobile: Suburb you live in: Do you have a current Driver’s Licence? Yes No 1st Choice Specialisation: HEALTH CHILD FORENSIC 2nd Choice Specialisation: HEALTH CHILD FORENSIC What are your placement interests? Describe what kind of work you would like to do and what populations you would like to work with. Try not to limit your options based on preconceived notions about what you can handle, what seems too scary etc. This is the time to explore your options and challenge yourself as you will never have more support than you will have when you are a student on placements. Do you have any specific preferences in terms of agencies, hospitals, teams you would like to work with? Please attach a full CV Would you like to meet with me in person to discuss your options or would you prefer to correspond via email? (in person is preferable) IN PERSON EMAIL I will do my best to accommodate your needs and interests; however, there is a possibility that you will be allocated to placements that you have not chosen due to limitations in availability. I look forward to working with you and I wish you all great 145 placement experiences! Tips for Writing Cover Letters and CVs Some of these tips but are still worth stating. Included are some examples of how to state things, but please use your own words in your cover letters. General tips Ensure that you address it to the proper person and that your contact details and theirs are correct Ensure that there are no grammatical or spelling errors Introductory paragraph(s) Statement about why you are writing: “I write this letter in support of my application for an advanced placement of 47 days, beginning in August, with the XX program.” Introduce yourself: where you are enrolled, what you are studying “My name is XX and I am currently completing the DPsych (Clinical) program at Monash University.” “I am currently enrolled in the Doctorate of Clinical Psychology program at Monash University and throughout both my undergraduate and postgraduate studies, have gained a range of experience in both clinical practice and research.” Be specific about the placement requirements: “I am applying to complete my third (advanced) placement at XX in XX the Centre. The advanced placement is scheduled to commence in August of 2010 and will be completed 2 days per week, with approximately 47 days in total. However I am more than willing to complete additional days if required. As classes are scheduled for Friday each week, I will be available from Monday through to Thursday and am flexible depending on the needs of the team.” Briefly state what you interests are: “I am eager to gain experience working within a specialised youth service in the public mental health system. A placement at XX would be well suited to my interests and provide me with valuable experience working amongst skilled clinicians in a multi-disciplinary team. I recognise the importance of early intervention in young people, as this is a crucial time where support and treatment can prevent the first psychotic episode from occurring, or minimise the psychosocial impact of the episode once it has occurred. This population is of particular interest to me and I would greatly value the opportunity to provide support to both these individuals and their families through the services offered by XX.” “I am keen to undertake psychological practice within the health area in the future and am particularly interested in having the opportunity to work within a multidisciplinary team aiming to achieve health behaviour change.” 146 Make a brief statement about how your previous experience, skills and education will benefit the organisation and assist you in successfully completing the placement: “The therapeutic skills I have gained from the Doctoral program and my work at the Monash Clinical Psychology Centre, along with the counselling and risk assessment skills I have developed through my work at XX and the XX will assist me in successfully completing such a placement.” “I am looking to further enhancing my skills in engaging and assessing individuals following their initial psychotic episode. I would value the opportunity to develop and carry out treatment for these individuals and their families, incorporating psycho-education, CBT or other evidence-based therapy, and group work. Moreover, I wish to gain insight into how various community agencies are incorporated when providing comprehensive case management to these individuals. As I wish to pursue a career working with this population I believe this placement would provide me with an excellent foundation to work from. I am enthusiastic about the prospect of working within this skilled team and would love to meet and discuss this further. I look forward to your response.” Body of letter Discuss your previous experience (including your current placement), skills, and education in more detail in regard to how it relates to your interest in this particular placement. Show that you understand the role of the psychologist in this service and are keen to gain experience in this specific area. Conclusion Summary statement: acknowledge that the placement will benefit you and that you will also be of benefit to the service; express your keen interest; thank him/her for his/her time. “My previous experience has been predominantly focused in the health domain and this in addition with the clinical skills I have developed through XX will enable me to effectively undertake this placement. I am eager to gain experience with such an invaluable program providing assessment and multi-disciplinary treatment services to the community across a diverse range of psychiatric disorders. Thank you for considering my application and I look forward to hearing from you soon.” “I am looking to further enhance my skills in engaging and assessing individuals following their initial psychotic episode. I would value the opportunity to develop and carry out treatment for these individuals and their families, incorporating psycho-education, CBT or other evidence-based therapy, and group work. Moreover, I wish to gain insight into how various community agencies are incorporated when providing comprehensive case management to these individuals. As I wish to pursue a career working with this population I believe this placement would provide me with an excellent foundation to work from. I am enthusiastic about the prospect of working within this skilled team and would love to meet and discuss this further. I look forward to your response.” Curriculum Vitaes A standard format for CVs can be found at: http://www.psychologyboard.gov.au/Forms.aspx 147 PLACEMENT REQUIREMENTS TIMETABLE (DPsych Clinical) The timetable below details the requirements during the placement unit. All placement documents are required to be submitted or sighted within a specific timeframe, therefore, please specify a due date based on your start date for each requirement. Also note that the on-site visit occurs midway through the placement. The date for the mid-placement review should be arranged at the beginning of your placement. Mondays and Fridays are preferable. Please contact the placement coordinator with tentative dates and times before filling in the due date. Once you have filled in the expected due dates column for each requirement, please make a copy for yourself and forward it to the Placement Coordinator. The Placement Coordinator will note when the documents have been submitted in your file. Student Name: Student ID: Year Commenced Course: Student phone: Placement Unit: Introductory Intermediate Advanced Placement Supervisor Name: Supervisor phone: Placement Organisation: Number of Placement Days: Placement Start Date: Anticipated Placement End Date: Process During Placement Upon Completion of Placement 148 Task Placement Contract (within 2 weeks of commencement) Placement Requirements Timetable (within 2 weeks of commencement) Supervision Logbook/Placement Diary (to be sighted within 2 weeks of commencement) On-site Placement Visit* (midway through placement) Final Assessment Report—Supervisor (within two weeks after completion) Final Assessment Report—Student (within two weeks after completion) Supervision Logbook/Placement Diary (to be submitted within two weeks after completion) Expected Due Date Date submitted PLACEMENT CONTRACT (DPsych Clinical) Placement Details Student Name: Student ID: Student phone: Placement Unit: Introductory Intermediate Placement Coordinator: Mobile: Placement Supervisor: Telephone Position: Reg No: Agency Name: Email: Advanced Agency Address: Supervisor’s APS College Membership/s: Please indicate your membership status using the appropriate box(s). Member Eligible Clinical Forensic Health Other: _________________ APAC Guidelines stipulate that Universities must have a copy of all Supervisors’ CVs: Has the CV been submitted? YES Commencement Date: NO Proposed Completion Date Attendance Days and Times Supervision Arrangements Individual Group Day: Day: Time: Time: Any other special requirements (e.g., Driver’s licence, security clearance etc): 149 Complete this form at the commencement of the Placement and submit it to the Placement Coordinator for record keeping 150 PLACEMENT CONTRACT (DPsych Clinical) (Continued) Placement Health & Safety Checklist Student name: Date: Supervisor name: OHS rep name: The following items should be included in your induction into the organisation as relevant, preferably within the first week of starting your placement. This list is not exhaustive and other topics may be covered and noted below. Health and safety issues Date Emergency procedures, including emergency numbers Fire procedures and location of fire extinguishers Location of first aid box First aid arrangements (including names and phone numbers of first aiders) Access to OHS guidelines/policies Accident reporting processes and location of incident report book Explanation of relevant workplace hazards Manual handling procedures Dress Regulations After hours policy Identification of health & safety representative for the work area Location of safety policies, risk assessment and safe work procedures Response codes Policies related to home visits Policies related to use of work car Policies related to workplace harassment and intimidation Self-care policies e.g. patient/client suicide Other issues: Signature of Provisional Psychologist on Placement: __________________________ Signature of Supervisor and/or OHS representative: __________________________ PLACEMENT CONTRACT (DPsych Clinical) (Continued) Placement Goals Student Name: Student ID: Year Commenced Course: Student phone: Placement Unit: Introductory Placement Supervisor: Intermediate Advanced Placement Organisation Please write goals under each of the following headings as relevant. The contract goals should reflect the expected specialist knowledge, skills and competencies of a clinical psychologist, should be as specific as possible, and should be achievable with respect to the student’s stage of development. The goals should be modified to suit a particular placement and the specific needs of a student. A sample contract is provided in this course guide. 1. Psychologist’s Role 2. Workload 3. Theoretical Understanding 4. Psychological assessment and report-writing 5. Clinical skills 6. Supervision 7. Professionalism 8. Occupational health and safety 9. Other Supervisor Signature Date: Student Signature Placement Coordinator Signature Date: Date: 152 Placement Goals (EXAMPLE) Student Name: Jill Bloggs Student ID: 1234568 Year Commenced Course: 2011 Student phone: 9874 6541 Placement Unit: Introductory Placement Supervisor: Joe Schmoe Intermediate Advanced Placement Organisation Best MHS 1. Psychologist’s Role To have a thorough understanding of the psychologist’s role within the placement organisation and how the role interacts and functions with other roles and services (both internal and external) in the overall delivery of services to the community. 2. Workload To have an adequate and appropriate workload (3 individual clients and one group) including a balance of structured and unstructured tasks (research, preparation for clients, reflection), with the capacity to complete tasks within working hours. 3. Theoretical Understanding To understand the relevant theories, principles and methods necessary to practice as a clinical psychologist in the placement setting with emphasis on CBT skills 4. Psychological assessment and report-writing To increase confidence and improve skills in psychological assessment and reportwriting by conducting and interpreting at least 3 psychiatric interviews (including MSEs) and /or personality assessments, and formally reporting results through case notes, professional letters and/or psychological reports. 5. Clinical skills To increase confidence and improve clinical skills by appropriately selecting and providing evidence-based treatments for a range of individuals, families and groups with a variety of presentations and disorders with emphasis on CBT techniques. 6. Supervision To use regular supervision effectively by proactively addressing areas needing further professional development, by openly discussing both successes and challenges, and by successfully applying learning to clinical practice. 7. Professionalism To demonstrate ethical and professional behaviour with clients and other professionals. 8. Occupational health and safety To become informed and adhere to occupational health and safety guidelines of the placement organisation and Monash University Supervisor Signature Jill Bloggs Date: 29/11/2011 Student Signature Placement Coordinator Signature Joe Schmoe Date: 29/11/2011 My Name Date: 29/11/2011 153 MID-PLACEMENT REVIEW REPORT (DPsych Clinical) The mid-placement review is conducted to enable the Supervisor and Student to assess the Student’s performance and progress toward their placement goals identified in the Placement Contract. When there is adequate progress towards to goal or the goal has been met, it will be marked, ‘satisfactory.’ When a goal has not meet met or requires more attention or improvement during the second half of the placement, it will be marked, ‘needs further attention/improvement’. The review is also an opportunity to address any other issues that may have arisen during placement. Student Name: Student ID: Year Commenced Course: Student phone: Placement Unit: Introductory Intermediate Advanced Placement Supervisor: Placement Organisation Date Placement Commenced Date of Mid-Placement Review Please comment with reference to each of the contract goals: 1. Psychologist’s Role Satisfactory Needs further attention/improvement 2. Workload Satisfactory Needs further attention/improvement 3. Theoretical Understanding Satisfactory Needs further attention/improvement 4. Psychological assessment and report-writing Satisfactory Needs further attention/improvement Mid Placement Report – Page 1 of 3 154 5. Clinical skills Satisfactory Needs further attention/improvement 6. Supervision Satisfactory Needs further attention/improvement 7. Professionalism Satisfactory Needs further attention/improvement 8. Occupational health and safety Satisfactory Needs further attention/improvement 9. Other Satisfactory Needs further attention/improvement Main Goals/Needs for Remainder of Placement: Additional Comments Regarding Strengths/Needs of the Student: Mid Placement Report – Page 2 of 3 155 Additional General Comments about the Placement/Supervisor: Issues Arising: Actions Taken: Supervisor Signature Date: Student Signature Placement Coordinator Signature Date: Date: Mid Placement Report – Page 3 of 3 156 FINAL ASSESSMENT REPORT STUDENT INSTRUCTIONS (DPsych Clinical) The final assessment report is designed to provide formal feedback at the completion of the Placement. This is part of an ongoing quality assurance process of the DPsych Course. It will be used to identify areas of strength and weakness for further development. Scoring this assessment form should be done with reference to the contract. After completion of the assessment report, the student must forward it to the Placement Coordinator. Information from the assessment will be used to evaluate the supervisor and placement agency. It also provides the opportunity to alert the Placement Coordinator to particular problems relating to the supervisor or agency in that placement. After reviewing the Final Assessment Reports completed by the Student and Supervisor, the coordinator will complete the Final Placement Summary Report. Where there are issues of concern arising, the party who raised the issue will be asked to review the documentation. The party about whom the issue was raised will have the opportunity to review and respond to the documentation. A plan of resolution will be established. Rating System Meaning 1= very poor 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 N/A Description Does not adhere to basic principles; relationship with colleagues, students or patients is at risk of causing harm. Note: A score of this level will result in an immediate investigation by the Placement Coordinator 2=markedly below standard Does not perform at the expected level. 3=minimally effective Does provide positive input but at a lower level than expected 4=adequate Successful performance, but there are areas in need of improvement. 5=good Successful performance with positive outcomes. 6=very good Able to work at a level above expectation. 7=excellent Performs well above the expected level, shows initiative and demonstrates capacity to deliver requirements. N/A= Not applicable placement A brief report on why this aspect is not available at the would be helpful Score by circling the appropriate number. Students may add additional information in the space provided. 157 FINAL ASSESSMENT REPORT (DPSYCH CLINICAL) – STUDENT FORM Student Name: Student ID: Placement Unit: Introductory Placement Supervisor: Intermediate Advanced Placement Organisation Theoretical clinical knowledge: Communicated their knowledge, principles and methods in ways that facilitated application of the same to clinical practice within the Placement. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 N/A Clinical skills: Communicated their knowledge of assessment/therapy methods in ways that facilitated application of the same to clinical practice within the Placement. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 N/A Supervision: Ability to discuss pertinent clinical issues, provide guidance appropriate to your level of professional development and to provide both positive and negative feedback in a constructive manner. This includes both clinical discussions and written reports produced by the Student. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 N/A Final Assessment Report (DPsych Clinical) - Student Form (Page 2 of 4) 158 Accessibility: Provided regular formal supervision, and was regularly available for ongoing questions or informal supervision. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 N/A Professional behaviour: The Supervisor demonstrated a high level of professional behaviour including attention to appearance, punctuality, behaviour with staff, students and clients, file management, confidentiality, understanding of the APS Code of Ethics and the Psychologists’ Registration Board of Victoria Code of Behaviour for Psychologists etc. It also includes recognition of the need to establish appropriate boundaries in dealings with Students and clients. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 N/A Workload: The Placement should provide an appropriate workload, with capacity to complete most tasks within working hours. The Supervisor should ensure that there is a balance between structured and unstructured time. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 N/A Other relevant issues: Please score and comment on any requirements that have not been adequately covered in the other questions. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 N/A 159 Please comment on the Supervisor’s strengths. Please comment on areas needing further development in relation to the provision of supervision. Please comment on any special requirements of the placement e.g. having a car. Supervisor Signature Date: Student Signature Placement Coordinator Signature Date: Date: Complete this form at the conclusion of the Placement and return to the Placement Coordinator Final Assessment Report (DPsych Clinical) - Student Form (Page 4 of 4) 160 FINAL ASSESSMENT REPORT SUPERVISOR INSTRUCTIONS (DPsych Clinical) The final assessment report is designed to provide formal feedback on the student’s progress at the completion of the placement. It will be used to identify areas of strength and weakness for further development and as in indication of whether the student has successfully achieved the goals of the placement. Scoring this assessment form should be done with reference to the contract. Supervisors may wish to involve the student in the process of scoring and conduct an interactive assessment process but this is not required. After completion of the assessment report the supervisor must provide the student with feedback. The last part of the form provides a place for the student to comment. The supervisor and student need to sign the form and return it to the Placement Coordinator who will also sign the form. Information from the assessment will be used in determining what outcome might apply to the student in relation to the placement. It also provides the opportunity to alert the University Coordinator to particular problems relating to the student in that placement. . Rating System 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 N/A Meaning Description 1= very poor Despite instruction does not adhere to basic principles; relationship with patient is at risk of causing harm. A score of this level will result in an immediate investigation by the Placement Coordinator. 2= markedly below standard Does not perform at the expected level and does not respond to instruction. 3= minimally effective Does provide positive input but at a lower level than expected. 4= adequate Successful performance in the Placement but an improved performance at subsequent placements will be expected. 5= good Successful performance in the placement with positive outcomes. 6= very good Able to work at a level above expectation. 7= excellent Performs well above the expected level, shows initiative and demonstrates capacity to deliver requirements. N/A= Not applicable A brief report on why this aspect is not available at the placement would be helpful. Score by circling the appropriate number. Supervisors may add additional information in the space provided. 161 FINAL ASSESSMENT REPORT SUPERVISOR FORM (DPsych Clinical) Student Name: Student ID: Placement Unit: Introductory Placement Supervisor: Intermediate Advanced Placement Organisation Theoretical clinical knowledge: Demonstrated mastery of knowledge, principles and methods that apply to clinical practice relevant to the placement. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 N/A Clinical skills: Demonstrated mastery of assessment/therapy methods that apply to clinical practice relevant to the placement. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 N/A Research initiative: The student’s capacity to research information is demonstrated by their ability to utilise research material needed for work in this area. If a student is required to develop therapy tools (eg a manual for a particular intervention), or prepare a research report, the student’s ability to access information and develop appropriate material should be also be assessed. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 N/A Final Assessment Report (DPsych Clinical) - Supervisor Form (Page 2 of 5) 162 Communication with other professionals: The ability to interact with other professionals as demonstrated by the capacity to obtain information from them and to convey information to them. This includes verbal as well as written communication. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 N/A Report preparation: The ability to write a professional report for a variety of different purposes including note-keeping, reports for other professionals, families, schools etc. The student should demonstrate the ability to extract the relevant material from the interviews, tests and/or treatment sessions and to write a clear concise report using appropriate terminology. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 N/A Professional behaviour: The student should demonstrate a high level of professional behaviour including attention to appearance, punctuality, behaviour with staff and clients, file management, confidentiality, understanding of the APS Code of Ethics and the Psychologists’ Registration Board of Victoria Code of Behaviour for Psychologists etc. It also includes recognition of the need to establish appropriate boundaries between the emotional impact of their placement work and their professional behaviour as well as attention to their own personal issues so that they do not detrimentally affect the student’s capacity to carry out their role in the Placement. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 N/A Final Assessment Report (DPsych Clinical) - Supervisor Form (Page 3 of 5) 163 Supervision: The student should demonstrate the ability to use supervision to address areas of professional development and to accept both positive and negative feedback in a constructive manner. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 N/A Workload: The student should be able to structure and manage an appropriate workload. Considerations include the time taken for preparation of reports and the student’s ability to meet deadlines. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 N/A Understanding of the role of the service: The student should demonstrate an appreciation of the role of the service and its function in the overall delivery of services to the community. Interaction and liaison between different service providers should also be recognised. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 N/A Other relevant issues: Please score and comment on any requirements that have not been adequately covered in the other questions. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 N/A Final Assessment Report (DPsych Clinical) - Supervisor Form (Page 4 of 5) 164 Please comment on the student’s strengths Please comment on areas needing further development. Please indicate, by ticking the appropriate box, which of the following best reflects the performance of the student on placement: The student has completed the placement at an exceptional level exceeding expectations with respect to stage of development The student has completed the placement to an acceptable level that is appropriate to his/her stage of development The student has completed the placement to an acceptable level, however there are specific areas requiring significant development that should be a focus in his/her future placements (please detail above) Further time should be spend on the placement because the student has not yet met requirements (may require special review) The student has failed to meet the required standards and is not likely to do so with further work (requires special review) Student Comments Total number of days in the placement: ____________ Supervisor Signature Date: Student Signature Placement Coordinator Signature Date: Date: Complete this form at the conclusion of the Placement and return to the coordinator for course assessment purposes. Final Assessment Report (DPsych Clinical) - Supervisor Form (Page 5 of 5) 165 SPECIAL REVIEW REPORT (DPsych Clinical) Any matter arising outside of the formal review process that includes the initial monitoring process, the mid-placement review process and the final review process shall be documented using this Special Review Report. Student Name: Student ID: Placement Unit: Introductory Intermediate Advanced Placement Supervisor: Placement Organisation: Date Placement Commenced: Date of Placement Completion: Date of Report: Issues Arising: Action Taken Supervisor Signature Date: Student Signature Placement Coordinator Signature Date: Date: To be completed by the coordinator, if required 166 Placement Diary TEMPLATE (DPsych Clinical) Provisional Psychologist name: Placement Organisation: Registration number: Supervisor Name: Placement Coordinator Name: Signature: Week Beginning: Supervisor Signature: Placement Coordinator Signature: Date Direct Client Contact (tick) Weekly Total (hours) Client Related Activity (tick) Details of Psychological Practice/Activities include: client description (de-identified), presenting issues, type of activity (direct: assessment, intervention, prevention, evaluation; client-related: formulation, diagnosis, treatment planning, case review, consultation) Direct Client Contact: Client Related Activity: Total Hours: Duration (hrs) Reflections on Experience Each page of this logbook must be signed by the psychology supervisor and student. Placement Diary EXAMPLE (DPsych Clinical) Date Direct Client Contact (tick) Client Related Activity (tick) 3/2/11 X Details of Psychological Practice/Activities include: client description (de-identified), presenting issues, type of activity (direct: assessment, intervention, prevention, evaluation; client-related: formulation, diagnosis, treatment planning, case review, consultation) Saw 30 year old female for assessment, presenting issues include depressed mood, relationship difficulties with spouse, did a clinical interview & administered a BDI. Duration (hrs) Reflections on Experience 1.5 Found it challenging to stay focussed on what she was saying because I was trying to think of my next question. Client also not very talkative so difficult to obtain information even with openended questions. Therefore, gave her a BDI to elicit info and client was amenable to this. It’s taking me a long time to write casenotes. Will need to work on being more concise and just including the most relevant details. Conversation with GP enlightening and assists with diagnosis. 3/2/11 X Scored BDI, wrote casenotes in file, called client’s GP for more details of her history (written consent given) 1.5 3/2/11 X Discussed case with Supervisor, she recommended article on Therapeutic Rapport and Scott Miller assessment tools 1.5 Helpful to talk to Supervisor who validated that it can be challenging to assess clients who do not communicate well. Will read articles to assist me with this with future clients. 3/2/11 X Found recommended article and downloaded assessment tools from talkingcure.com. Read article and information on the ORS & SRS. Used information to plan for next session with client. 3.5 Very useful information and I think it will assist me in my next session with client. Will try to use assessment tools and see if this helps. Need to gather more information re: family history and psychiatric history. Weekly Total (hours) Direct Client Contact: 1.5 Client Related Activity: 6.5 Total Hours: 8 168 Supervision Logbook Template (DPsych Clinical) Student Name: Supervisor Name: Supervision Date: Type of Supervision: Individual/Group Duration of Supervison: Issues brought to supervision for discussion: Brief record of content of discussions: Plan for follow-up activity, professional development and/or supervision: Supervisor’s Comments and Feedback: Supervisor Signature Date: Student Signature Placement Coordinator Signature Date: Date: Supervision Logbook EXAMPLE 1 (DPsych Clinical) Student Name: Joy Bloggs Supervisor Name: Maggie Smith Supervision Date: 14/01/2011 Type of Supervision: Individual/Group Duration of Supervison:1 Hour Issues brought to supervision for discussion: Orientation and induction to placement setting Brief record of content of discussions: Discussed nature of work on this unit (sub-acute)—predominantly based on rehab and some discharge planning. Was advised of weekly and daily meeting times. Discussed patient files, the role of psychologists within this setting and working within a multidisciplinary team. Discussed procedures for making and recording appointments with clients. Discussed the presenting issues that clients will typically have (substance abuse, mental illness including psychotic disorders, ABIs) and the assessment protocol. Plan for follow-up activity, professional development and/or supervision: Discuss and set placement goals, review assessment protocol, read more about schizophrenia Supervisor’s Comments and Feedback: Joy is enthusiastic about starting her placement and I look forward to working with her Supervisor Signature M Smith Date: 14/01/2011 Student Signature Placement Coordinator Signature J Bloggs Date: 14/01/2011 My Name Date: 14/01/2011 170 Supervision Logbook EXAMPLE 2 (DPsych Clinical) Student Name: Joy Bloggs Supervisor Name: Maggie Smith Supervision Date: 03/02/2011 Type of Supervision: Individual/Group Duration of Supervison:1 Hour Issues brought to supervision for discussion: Strategies to assess client who was noncommunicative in first session. Feeling rather nervous still about seeing clients and knowing what to ask and how to ask it to get the relevant information. Brief record of content of discussions: Discussed case with Supervisor and ways of eliciting information from clients who are not communicative and/or severely depressed. Supervisor validated my feelings about the session and the way I handled it by administering a written questionnaire and asking openended questions. She emphasised the importance of therapeutic rapport and recommended an article for me to read over the next week. She also recommended Scott Miller’s assessment tools, the ORS and SRS that are located on the website talkingcure.com and suggested that I use them with my current client. We also discussed another client that I will see next week with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. I will be taking her on as a client as part of the DBT program and will also co-facilitate in the group skills training program—the new module ‘emotion regulation’ is starting in a few weeks. I admitted that I feel nervous about working with this client group and Supervisor explained the program which includes a great deal of structure and support for practitioners. Plan for follow-up activity, professional development and/or supervision: Read Therapeutic Rapport article, download assessment tools and read about administration and scoring, use ORS and SRS is next session with client and discuss in next supervision session. Will read more about the DBT program and the emotion regulation module in the Skills Training Manual. Will make a time to meet with the co-facilitator of the module to plan our group sessions. Supervisor’s Comments and Feedback: Joy is using supervision sessions effectively and is willing to apply new psychological knowledge and strategies immediately. Joy needs to build up her confidence in assessment as she often underestimates her abilities in this area. I will be monitoring her workload and ensuring that she has a good balance of direct client work and reflective opportunities Supervisor Signature M Smith Date: 14/01/2011 Student Signature Placement Coordinator Signature J Bloggs Date: 14/01/2011 My Name Date: 14/01/2011 171 Appendix D – Thesis by Publication See: http://mrgs.monash.edu.au/research/examination/thesis-bypublication/thesis_publication.html All doctoral and MPhil candidates, including staff candidates, are permitted to submit a thesis by publication. The thesis by publication is not a different degree; rather, it is a thesis format that includes papers that have been prepared, or accepted, for publication. They may have more than one author, in which case signatures from co-authors are required. The papers do not have to be rewritten for the thesis; they can be inserted in their published format (see under Formatting Requirements below). The papers are not required to have been published or accepted for publication; it is sufficient that they have only been submitted for publication. The thesis must reflect a sustained and cohesive theme, and framing or substantial linking text is normally required in introducing the research and linking the chapter/papers/manuscripts. Faculty-specific requirements are listed below. We advise you to consult good examples of theses by publication. You can contact the Academic Registrar for examples of past DPsych theses submitted by publication. Workshops on the thesis by publication are also run through the exPERT series, if you require more information. Candidature Conditions Papers must have been researched and written during the course of candidature. The MRGS Handbook section 7.3.3 states the requirements. Extent of Candidate's Contribution The initiation, key ideas, development and writing up of each of the works within the thesis should be the primary responsibility of the candidate. Overall, the material presented for examination needs to equate to that which would otherwise be presented in the traditional thesis format. (This remains a matter of professional judgement for the supervisor and candidate.) Formatting Requirements General Consult the Doctoral Handbook Chapter 7, Section 7.3, Preparation, presentation and submission of doctoral theses for general information about presentation of a thesis. Formatting of papers comprising thesis chapters Candidates are permitted to renumber sections of the thesis either submitted for publication or published, in order to generate a consistent presentation within the thesis. However, this is at the discretion of the candidate. Declarations All theses by publication must include declarations which specify the extent and nature of your contribution to the publications. If you are the sole author, this still needs to be 172 specified. There are two declarations that you must include which acknowledge the contribution made to the research work and/or authorship by you and other parties: General declaration (part A): this is placed at the front of the thesis and replaces the standard general declaration. It lists the work/s written by you in collaboration with other authors and shows the publication status of those works. If you are the sole author, you only need refer to the publication status. Specific declaration (part B): this is required for each work in the thesis that you wrote in collaboration with other authors and contains their signatures as well as yours. It is not required for sole-authored work. We strongly advise you to arrange for the Part B declaration form to be signed by contributing authors as soon as the paper is prepared or submitted for publication. This is preferable to trying to collect signatures as you prepare your thesis for submission. You and any co-authors who are students at Monash University also need to agree on your relative contributions in percentage terms. Each declaration should be placed at the start of the thesis chapter where the conjointly authored work appears. While the contributions of all authors must be described, only you and any co-authors who are also students at Monash University need indicate the extent of your contribution in percentage terms. Template declarations are available for download. You need to customise the highlighted statements. General declaration (part A) Specific declaration (part B) Please note that completion of these forms does not negate the need to comply with any other university requirements relating to conjointly authored works. If one of the contributing authors is unable to sign, see our section on obtaining signatures. Note also that papers (submitted/accepted/published) require a specific chapter declaration. Other components of the thesis may be covered by a general declaration. Guidelines for the Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences are listed below. These guidelines should be read in addition to the University requirements for preparation of a thesis based or partially based on published or un-published work. See the MRGS Handbook - Chapter 7. 173 Thesis by Publication: Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences http://www.mrgs.monash.edu.au/research/examination/thesis-by-publication/medicine.html Pagination Inclusive pagination is to be used. Bibliography Partial: to cover general intro & integrated discussion papers and any other framing text. Framing text Where necessary, including expanded methodology if appropriate. A short introduction or commentary before each paper may be appropriate. Thesis should include a conclusion. No. of papers No set number: The material presented for examination needs to equate to that which would otherwise be presented in the traditional thesis format. This remains a matter of professional judgement for the supervisor and candidate. Discipline-specific variations apply. Photocopies Use PDF. Papers submitted for publication yet unpublished may be included in manuscript format. % Authorship Initiation, key ideas, development and writing up of each of the papers should be the primary responsibility of the candidate. Usually joint/ first author and at least 50%. Declarations To be clearly specified & formatted according to MRGS templates. Coauthor signatures necessary on all papers in all thesis copies except those in appendices. Rewritten, previously published papers require acknowledgement of others' contributions. Faculty guidelines No. document available Status of papers Papers must have at least been submitted for publication, though not necessarily accepted. Other Appendix ok. List all papers published during candidature at front of thesis. Number of Papers required There is no set number of papers. The number should be appropriate to the research discipline and should equate to the research content of the “traditional” narrative style thesis. This remains a matter of professional judgement for the supervisor and candidate. Overall the thesis must represent a sustained theme of research. 174 Candidate’s Contribution to Authorship Essentially, the initiation, key ideas, development and writing up of each work should be the primary responsibility of the candidate. It is expected that papers submitted in a thesis would therefore have a substantial and significant contribution by the candidate (at least 50%). The candidate would therefore usually be first or joint first author. Papers where the candidate has less than 50% contribution may be included if significant to the thesis but papers with minor contributions should be kept to a minimum or included as appendices. If several papers result during candidature where the candidate has a minor contribution and where these relate to but are not vital to the argument of the thesis, these papers may be appended to the thesis. A list of all papers published during candidature should be included at the front of the thesis. Published papers that become the basis for thesis chapters in a revised and rewritten form, require acknowledgement of the contributions of others and references where appropriate to the original published paper. Note: Candidates are strongly advised to arrange for the relevant authorship declaration form to be completed by contributing authors as soon as the paper is prepared or submitted for publication. This should facilitate the collation of authorship contribution when the thesis is ready for submission. General Introduction A general introduction should be included which covers the background and literature review of the overall research area, as well as hypotheses and aims. Methodology (Materials and Methods) Where methodology or a technique is critical or significant to the theme of the thesis it may be appropriate to include a fuller description than what may be included in a published paper. Presentation of the Papers in the Bound Thesis Photocopies of publications within the bound thesis should be avoided where possible. Portable Document Format (.pdf) files should be printed or alternatively, word documents. This may not be possible if the papers were produced some years ago. Although this is a stylistic issue, issues of presentation may detract from an otherwise good examiner's report If papers are unpublished but have been submitted for publication the paper can be inserted in manuscript format. It may be appropriate to include a short introduction or other commentary before each publication and therefore link the papers by paragraphs which introduce the 175 themes/ideas. It is not acceptable to merely "slot" the papers into the thesis, they should ideally be "written in". Thesis Pagination The thesis should have inclusive pagination. Where copies of publications have their own pagination, these pages should also have pagination added that pertains to the thesis. This ensures that examiners can highlight the correct thesis pages(s) on which they are commenting Integrative Discussion The thesis should have an integrative discussion which ties everything together. This could be relatively brief and repeating discussion points from publications should be avoided. Conclusion The conclusion should include a synopsis of the original contribution the work has made to the knowledge and understanding of the area with which the thesis is concerned. It may include some indications of what the candidate sees as future directions for their particular research on the field. This may also be incorporated within the integrated discussion References/ Bibliography The thesis should have a consistent form of referencing with a thesis bibliography included at the back of the thesis. This should list in full the papers cited in the general introduction and integrated discussion (and any other "framing text"). The works cited in the inserted publications do not need to be included in the thesis bibliography unless these works are also cited in the framing text. 176