DAMPAK DAN CARA MENGHINDARI PLAGIAT TERHADAP
PENULISAN KARYA ILMIAH BERDASARKAN
SUMBER DARI ”VAIL”
PAPER
Di tulis oleh :
Nama
NIM
Mata kuliah
Fakultas
Dosen
:
:
:
:
:
Fasaaro Hulu
2012083055
Filsafat Ilmu
Magister Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris
Prof. Dr. Gunawan, M, Hum.
UNIVERSITAS SARJANA WIYATA
TAMAN SISWA
2013 / 2014
KATA PENGANTAR
Pertama sekali kita panjatkan syukur kepada Tuhan atas kasih-Nya yang telah memberikan
kita kesehatan untuk menikmati hari-hari kita pada saat ini, sehingga segala kegiatan yang kita
lakukan boleh selesai dengan baik dan harapan kita kedepan semoga selalu mendapatkan cita-cita
oleh penyertaan dan petunjuk dari Yang Maha Kuasa.
Terima kasih sebelum dan sesudahnya penulis ucapkan kepada Bapak Prof. Dr.
Gunawan, M. Hum. yang telah membimbing dan mengarahkan, baik bantuan berupa moriil
maupun materil, sehingga makalah ini terselesaikan dalam waktu yang telah ditentukan.
Penulis menyadari sekali, didalam penyusunan makalah ini masih jauh dari
kesempurnaan, untuk itu besar harapan penulis akan ada kritik dan saran yang membangun untuk
lebih menyempurnakan makalah ini kedepan.
Harapan yang paling besar dari penulis dalam penyusunan makalah ini ialah, mudahmudahan semua yang di paparkan ini penuh manfaat, baik untuk pribadi, teman-teman, serta
orang lain yang ingin mengambil atau menyempurnakan lagi mengambil hikmah dari judul
DAMPAK DAN CARA MENGHINDARI PLAGIAT TERHADAP PENULISAN KARYA
ILMIAH BERDASARKAN SUMBER DARI “VAIL” sebagai tambahan untukmenambah
referensi yang telah ada.
Batam, 21 Juni 2013
Fasaaro Hulu
DAFTAR ISI
KATA PENGANTAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ….
DAFTAR ISI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …….
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ………………..
B. Pengertian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ………………………
BAB II PEMBAHASAN
A. Mesin atau tool pendeteksi file secara online. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. Proses pencarian VAIL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …
C. Kemampuan dan Keterbatasan VAIL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D. Beberapa cara untuk menghindari plagiat …………………………………………..
E. Integritas Akademik Dan Plagiat Dalam Kelas…………………………………..
BAB III: Kutipan dan system Rujukan
a. Gaya penulisan APA …………………………………………………………………
b. Gaya penulisan MLA …………………………………………………………………
BAB VI PENUTUP
A. Kesimpulan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …….
B. Saran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ……………..
DAFTAR PUSTAKA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …………..
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
A. LATAR BELAKANG
Seorang mahasiswa yang telah meneruskan studi kejenjang Magister akan di hadapkan
dengan permasalahan dan mesti mampu menyelesaikan halini di berikan oleh dosen sebagai
syarat memenuhi kewajiban dalam perkuliahan. Kemudian karya inii dituangkan kedalam
makalah dalam bentuk tulisan yang di pertanggungjawabkan oleh penulis berdasarkan sumber
VAIL yang telah di kutib dari internet. Memasuki jaman sekarang ini yang tidak asing lagi
pemanfaatan teknologi di dunia bisnis dan pendidikan. Teknologi yang dimaksud adalah
peralatan seperti komputer dan gadget yang sudah di dukung oleh bayak bentuk fitur yang
mampu melihat dunia dalam waktu yang singkat oleh peggunanya. Menggunakan teknologi
dalam bidang pendidikan memberi manfaat yang sangat besar bagi pelajar atau mahasiswa di
perguruan tinggi. Mengapa bermanfaat? Karena pelajar skerang tidak usah menghabiskan
ongkos pergi kesana-kemari untuk menemukan banyak sumber buku di perpustakaan atau
membelanjakan banyak uang di took buku atau membeli buku bekas di pasar loak demi
mendapatkan sumber yang mendukung karya tulis atau pembaca yang punya hobi membaca.
Dengan kedatagnan gadget layar sentuh atau netbook memiliki akses internet yang hanya lima
puluh ribu perbulan, jadi tidak harus lelah dan menghabiskan uang waktu demi mencari sumber
bacaan. Dengan penggunaan interneet yang sperti ini semuanya serba bisa di lakukan oleh
pemakainya. Termasuk browsing dan mengambil berbagai macam bentuk data secara
online/langsung tanpa harus permisi kepada orang lain. Hal ini sangat baik karna kita tidak harus
jumpa dengan penulis terdahulu. Namun akibat dari penggunaan karya seseorang dalm bentuk
soft kopi secara BCA (BACA COPY AMBIL) tanpa mengikutkan sumber kutipan tersebut maka
hal ini kita sudah tidak menghargai pemikiran penulis terdahulu. Hal ni harus di hindari oleh
seorang mahasiswa yang akan menulis paper, journal atau skripsi akan ber akibat pada hasil
karya itu sendiri dan kepada pelajar yang bersangkutan. Akibatnya adalah karya kita dipandang
illegal atau tidak diakui selain itu juga yang bersangkutan sudah melanggar etika penulisan karya
ilmiah yang sesuai aturan. Oleh karena itu, kita akan membahas lagi tentang akibat dan cara
menghirari hal yang seperti ini.
B. PENGERTIAN
VAIL adalah sebuah administrator yang diciptakan untuk memgetahui tindakan pelagiat
dan mempertahankan citra/nama baik dari sebuah fakultas atau universitas (The Virtual
Academic Integrity Laboratory (VAIL) is a portal for faculty and administrators in the
development of strategic approaches to combat plagiarism and promote academic integrity).
VAIL merupakan sumber kekuasaan akademik yang di ketahui oleh siapa saja melalui internet.
Di dalam VAIL kita bisa menemukan petunjuk dan informasi daftar pusaka pada jenjang
pendidikan yang lebih tinggi (VAIL includes guides, tutorials, and bibliographic information on
academic integrity issues in higher education).
Vail memiliki petunjuk online yang bermanfaat bagi pelajar yang terdiri dari 4 modul,
sebagai berikut:
1.
defining academic integrity, plagiarism, and cheating;
2.
tips for avoiding plagiarism;
3.
teaching proper documentation practices; and
4.
academic integrity policy information
BAB 2
MESIN ATAU TOOL PENDETEKSI FILE SECARA ONLINE
1. a). KEMAMPUAN DAN KETERBASAN DARI ”VAIL”
Sehubungan dengan maksud dari alat pelacakan data. Menyediakan layanan dan
web bagi pengajar dan pelajar untuk membantu mengidentifikasi tulisan yang di duga di
ambil dari karya tuluis orang lain sebagai tugas atau paper untuk di serahkan kepada
dosenya, For the purposes of this guide, a "detection tool" is defined as software or a
web service made available to educators and students to assist in identifying writing that
is suspected to have been written by someone other than the student submitting the work
for assessment.
Alat ini mampu mengetahui teks dan mengawasi database yang sudah di kumpul oleh
siswa secara local. Dan alat lain juga melihat isi dari data tersebut jika sudah tersedia
sebelumnya, seperti HTML, Informasi kelompok, papermills dan sejenisnya. Some of
these tools simply search for suspect text within a controlled database of collected
student papers in a local environment, while other tools search content available on the
World Wide Web, such as HTML, newsgroups, paper mills, and the like.
Keterbatasan dari alat pencari ini:
1. tidak bisa menemukan buku khusus. Tapi mampu membandingkan hasil karya tulis
yang sudah ada dalam format elektronik.
2. tidak mampu menemukan plagiat hasil pemikiran tapi mendeteksi kata-kata.
3. tidak bisa mengakses database literature seperti (Lexis-Nexis, Proquest, Ebscohost) or
subscription web sites)
4. indikasi positif plagiat hanya di temukan di awal pencarian (A positive indication of
plagiarism means only a beginning)
b). PROSES PENCARIAN ALAT VAIL
Beberapa langkah atau proses umum dalam pencarian ini (Culwin dan Lanscaster,
2000), adalah:
1.memilih sebuah alat pendeteksi
2. mengumpulkan karya siswa
3. analisa (tulisan menggunakan alat)
4. konfirmasi (melihat kembali hasil deteksi)
5. investigasi (melakukan pendekatan terhadap siswa yang diduga melakukan plagiat)
c). MEMILIH ALAT PENCARI
Alat yang di pilih untuk mengetahui hasil karya tulis siswa akan berkembang
dari masa ke masa. Jenis dari pplagiat yang sering memicu pemilihan alat pencari, “
The type of plagiarism your faculty encounters most often may also affect the choice
of tool.”
.
Does your institution feel that
students are recycling work from one
semester to another?
In this case, a tool that detects
collusion and re-cycling would serve
you better.
Are your faculty concerned that their
students are careless using electronic
resources?
A tool that searches online resources
would fill this need.
Do you or your faculty have both of
the above concerns?
While there are several tools available
that attempt to meet both of these
needs, these tools may be cost
prohibitive in some situations.
2.
MENGHINDARI PLAGIAT
Untuk menjauh plagiat terjadi, sebelumnya melalui silabus, diskusi dengan siswa, dan desain latihan /
tugas badi pelajar. Kegiatan ini adalah baik untuk menghindari plgiat secara umum. Kita juga harus
befikir bahwa kekuasaan dari akademik secara khusus bagi siswa, institusi, dan masyarakat.
1. Encourage students to recognize the value of individual effort in the academic setting.
2. Encourage students to respect their readers and the culture of learning by providing the
documentation needed to do further research.
3. Encourage students to respect the institution’s reasons for academic integrity.
4. Encourage students to respect their fellow students and compete on a level playing field.
BEBERAPA CARA UNTUK MENGHINDARI PLAGIAT:
1. Consider dropping the open-topic theme. The more specific the assignment, the
smaller the universe of information students can use to search and perhaps use
inappropriately.
2. Know your field of research. If you require your students to do research, be sure that
you have done the research yourself in advance. You will be familiar with many of the
sources your students are using and you might recognize suspicious wording, etc. And if
you demonstrate to your students that you have done the research yourself, you show
your own commitment to the topic. You also give them reason to know that you won’t
be fooled, and this in itself can discourage academic dishonesty.
3. Word assignments precisely. It might not be enough to tell your students to cite their
sources. You might also need to assign them the specific citation style, give them
examples, and point out resources where they can get help. The VAIL Guide to
Citation gives detailed instructions for citing common publication types, and it points to
other resources as well.
4. Incorporate information literacy standards into your assignments, particularly the
need to critically evaluate information, synthesize it and use it, rather than simply collect
it and quote it, paraphrase it, or summarize it. The American Library Association has put
together a fine resource defining information literacy and listing the five competencies
at Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education.
5. Become familiar with the student’s “voice.” Have your students write early in the
semester or term. A potent signal that a student may have plagiarized is a sudden change
in language, style, and “voice,” i.e. the way a student sounds in their writing. The VAIL
Guide to Plagiarism Alarms gives a good overview of this and other signals that
plagiarism may have occurred.
6. Structure long writing assignments in small chunks or drafts so that students can
make incremental progress and not be led down the path of procrastination and
plagiarism due to panic. Procrastination is a leading reason why students plagiarize in
the first place (Roig & DeTommaso, 1995)
7. Assign annotated bibliographies, requiring students to provide abstracts of their
sources in their own words. Librarians at Cornell University have put together a fine
resource on the process at How to Prepare an Annotated Bibliography.
8. Have students turn in a log or journal of their research, including the names of the
search tools used (catalog, search engine, subscription database) and search terms used.
Sample their tools and strategies by trying to replicate a few at random. Ask questions if
the search cannot be replicated. The University of Maryland University College
instituted an undergraduate course, Information Literacy and Research Methods, in
which the development of such a research log is a central focus.
9. Discuss student papers in class. Ask questions about the meaning of suspicious
passages. If students cannot explain what they have written, perhaps they are not the true
author. If students know in advance that they might be required to discuss their papers,
this may deter some from plagiarizing.
10. Assign oral presentations. Have your students report on their research process.
Prompting students with questions like “How did you find this article you cite? I would
like to read it myself,” is a non-threatening way to begin looking into suspicious
passages that are not in your student’s voice.
11. Substitute a short written assignment for the oral presentation. This can be a brief,
one-page summary of their research process, including how they selected their sources.
Ask students to sum up what they learned from their research.
12. Require recent sources, including some that are in print. If you only require Webbased research, this is more likely to tempt students to copy and paste the words of
others since it can be easily done.
13. Assign students roles or specific audiences to address in their writing. The papers
that can be found in most term paper mills are just that, i.e. term papers, and they are
usually written in the third person with the teacher as the audience. If you assign your
students roles as a researcher, someone advising an administrator who needs to make a
decision, then it is unlikely that it will have the sound of a term paper.
In conclusion, designing assignments that are meaningful and challenging gives your students
an incentive to learn, and when they have that incentive, they will do their own work.
3.INTEGRITAS AKADEMIK DAN PLAGIAT DALAM KELAS
Ada lima nilai dasar utama dari integritas akademik, sbb:
The 5 Fundamental Values of Academic Integrity
Intellectual and personal honesty in “learning, teaching, research and
Honesty
service” (Center for Academic Integrity [CAI], 1999).
Confidence in persons and systems on campus that enable a “free
Trust
exchange of ideas, and enables all to reach their highest potential”
(CAI).
Clear standards for assessment that are fairly applied to all members
Fairness
of the college community (CAI).
Acknowledging the participatory nature of learning and respecting the
Respect
varying perspectives of others (CAI).
Responsibility Believing that every person in the academic community is personally
accountable for taking action when a breach of academic integrity
occurs (CAI).
____
____
____
____
Checklist: Commitment to Core Values
Are the values embodied in institutional policies, discussed within
disciplines or a core part of entering-class courses?
Have resources been devoted to advancing these values?
How do you personally enhance the support of the fundamental values at
your institution?
Can you personally defend the concept of academic integrity and why it is
important?
.
PLAGIAT
The Modern Language Association (MLA) memberi definisi, sebagai berikut:
Menggunakan ide, pikiran atau karya tulis seseorang tanpa mengambil sumbernya
disebut pelagiat, “Using another person’s ideas or expressions in your writing
without acknowledging the source constitutes plagiarism…plagiarism refers to a
form of intellectual theft. In short, to plagiarize is to give the impression that you
wrote or thought something that you in fact borrowed from someone, and to do so is
a violation of professional ethics. (Gibaldi, 1998)
Plagiarism is a rather ancient concept going back to antiquity. The Roman poet
Martial used the meaning of the Latinplagiarius (kidnapper) to indicate not only theft
of works, but also slaves (Howard, 1995). With the advent of the printing press and
legal ownership of works generally residing with authors, the importance of the
author has risen dramatically in the modern era. The concept of copyright and the
rights given to authors has developed along side with the commercialization of
writing.
Ketika kita gagal mengikutsertakan data, sumber dari orang lain kemudian kita
langsung muat kedalam tulisan baru kita di sebut plagiat.
Beberapa kegiatan yang bisa kita ketahui hasilnya adalah plagiat, seperti di
ungkapkan oleh, “Rebecca Moore Howard has identified that most college
plagiarism policies label certain types of textual activities plagiarism (Howard,
2001).” Kegiatan yang dimaksud adalah:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Fraud: submitting a paper written by someone else
Patchwriting: using words and phrases from a source text (that may or may
not have been acknowledged) and patching them together in new sentences
Failure to cite: not acknowledging the sources of words or information
Failure to quote: not providing quotation marks for direct quotation (Howard,
2001)
MENEGASKAN INTEGRITAS AKADEMIK
10 Principles of Academic Integrity
1. Affirm the importance of academic integrity by affirming certain core values
such as honesty, truth and fairness.
2. Foster a love of learning by giving students challenging, useful and fair work.
3. Treat students as ends in themselves deserving individual attention and
consideration.
4. Promote an environment of trust in the classroom by avoiding arbitrary rules
and trivial assignments.
5. Encourage student responsibility for academic integrity by encouraging
reporting abuses.
6. Clarify expectations for students regarding honesty in academic work.
7. Develop fair and relevant forms of assessment.
8. Reduce opportunities to engage in academic dishonesty by setting clear policies
and realistic standards for collaboration, improper classroom management or
poor examination security.
9. Challenge occurrences of academic dishonesty by not ignoring academic
dishonesty when it takes place.
10. Assist in defining and supporting campus wide academic integrity standards as
opposed to maintaining artificial divisions between departments and schools.
(from http://www.collegepubs.com/ref/10PrinAcaInteg.shtml)
BAB III
KUTIPAN DAN SISTEM RUJUKAN
American
Psychological Association (APA), ini bisanya digunakan pada
rujukan karya ilmiah ilmu sosial: bisnis, filsafat dan sosiologi.
Sedangkan gaya Modern Language Association (MLA) adalah di
pakai pada rujukan karya tulis “sastra.”
A. GAYA PENULISAN SISTEM RUJUKAN YANG MENGUNAKAN
B. BEBERAPA GAYA PENULISAN APA BERDASRKAN SUMBER
In-Text Citations (Publication Manual, pp. 174-179)
What You Are Citing
In-Text Citation
The entire work
A specific page
If the author's name is included in the text of the
sentence where the citation takes place
(Smith, 2004)
(Smith, 2004, p. 39)
Smith (2004, p. 39) claims that...
Use only the date or date and page
number.
(Myers, 2000, para. 5)
An online article with no page numbers.
(Beutler, 2000, Conclusion section,
para. 1)
Use abbreviation "para." followed by
the paragraph number you are citing.
When possible, specify a section of
the article.
See Authors, below.
Citing multiple authors
Authors (Publication Manual, pp. 181-183)
One author
Example:
Reference List Citation
Courtois, C. A. (2004).
Example:
In-Text Citation
(Courtois, 2004)
Two authors
Example:
Reference List Citation
Example:
In-Text Citation
Kelley, P. C., & Chang, P. L. (2007).
(Kelley & Chang, 2007)
Three to five authors
Example:
Reference List Citation
Hughes, J. C., Brestan, E. V., & Valle, L. A. (2004).
Example:
In-Text Citation
First citation:
(Hughes, Brestan, & Valle, 2004)
Subsequent citations:
(Hughes et al., 2004)
When a work has more than 2
authors, subsequent in-text citations
consist of the first author's name
followed by "et al." (Latin for "and
others") and the date.
Six or seven authors
Example:
Reference List Citation
Phelps, B. R., Lima, M., Gomez, J., MacArthur, R. T.,
Gansu, L., & Nehru, M. (2004).
Example:
In-Text Citation
First citation:
(Phelps et al., 2004)
Subsequent citations:
(Phelps et al., 2004)
When a work has 6-7 authors, in-text
citations consist of the first author's
name followed by "et al." (Latin for
"and others") and the date.
Eight or more authors
Example:
Reference List Citation
Example:
In-Text Citation
Carter, A., Dougherty, S., Addington, M., Stanley, R.,
Stanley, C., Schuffler, G., . . . Smyrna, B. F. (2004).
First citation:
(Carter et al., 2004)
When there are eight or more authors, include the first 6
authors' names followed by an ellipsis (. . .) and the final
author's name.
Subsequent citations:
(Carter et al., 2004)
When a work has 8 or more authors,
in-text citations consist of the first
author's name followed by "et al."
(Latin for "and others") and the date.
Group author
Example:
Reference List Citation
Example:
In-Text Citation
American Dietetic Association. (1999).
First citation:
(American Dietetic Association
[ADA], 1999)
Subsequent citations:
(ADA, 1999)
No authors listed
Example:
Reference List Citation
Example:
In-Text Citation
None to claim their bones: Relics of an old Brooklyn
graveyard. (1888, April 12). New York Times, pp. 3-4.
Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/
List the source by title in your reference list. Alphabetize
reference list entries beginning with a title using the
primary word of the title (excluding a, an, and the).
("None to Claim Their Bones," 1888)
In cases where the title contains a
colon, use only the text before the
colon in your in-text citation.
Articles
Academic Journals (Publication Manual, pp. 198-199; Style Guide, p. 12)
Source
Library database
with DOI
Reference List Citation
Sagarin, B. J., & Lawler-Sagarin, K. A. (2005). Critically evaluating
competing theories: An exercise based on the Kitty Genovese murder.
Teaching of Psychology, 32(3), 167–169.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top3203_8
What is a DOI?
Some library databases, such as PsycARTICLES and PsycINFO, list a
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) for individual articles. A DOI is a
unique identifying number for an article. In the database record for an
article, you will see an element that looks like this, which you should
include at the end of your APA reference, preceded by
"http://dx.doi.org/":
This link will allow a reader to link to doi.org for more information
about the article.
However, the APA Style Guide to Electronic References (2012, p. 5)
notes that it is still acceptable to use the older style of DOI format in a
citation, for example:
Library database
without DOI
Amidzic, O., Riehle, H. J., & Elbert, T. (2006). Toward a
psychophysiology of expertise: Focal magnetic gamma bursts as a
signature of memory chunks and the aptitude of chess players. Journal
of Psychophysiology, 20(4), 253-258. doi:10.1027/0269-8803.20.4.253
Reitzes, D. C., & Mutran, E. J. (2004). The transition to retirement:
Stages and factors that influence retirement adjustment. International
Journal of Aging and Human Development, 59(1), 63-84. Retrieved
from http://www.baywood.com/journals/PreviewJournals.asp?Id=00914150
No DOI? Find the journal's homepage.
Do a Web search to find the address of the homepage of the journal that
published the article and include it in your citation (example). Please be
aware, however, that the full text of articles may not actually be
available at the journal homepage.
Free Web
In print
Cannot find the journal's homepage?
In this case, do a Web search for the name of the database you are using
(for example, "JSTOR" or "Business Source Complete") and use the
address of its homepage.
Giancola, P. R. (2004). Executive functioning and alcohol-related
aggression. American Psychologist, 59(2), 5-7. Retrieved from
http://www.apa.org/journals/amp/
Hughes, J. C., Brestan, E. V., & Valle, L. A. (2004). Problem-solving
interactions between mothers and children. Child and Family Behavior
Therapy, 26(1), 1-16.
Book, Film and Product Reviews (Publication Manual, pp. 208-209)
Source
Library database
Reference List Citation
Grimes, W. (2006, December 13). Beyond Mandalay, the road to
isolation and xenophobia [Review of the book The river of lost
footsteps: Histories of Burma, by T. Myint-U]. New York Times, pp. E8,
E10. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/
An untitled book, film, or product review (for example, a review
covering multiple works):
Guha, M. (2006). [Review of the books Fleeting pleasures: A history of
intoxicants, by M. London and Dirty: A search for answers inside
America's teenage drug epidemic, by M. Maran]. Journal of Mental
Health, 15, 713-716. Retrieved from
http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713432595
Free Web
More info
Follow the correct formatting for the type of publication (e.g. a
newspaper, a scholarly journal) the review is taken from, including the
DOI if one is available.
Cohen, P. (2007, May 9). Love, honor, cherish, and buy [Review of the
book One perfect day: The selling of the American wedding, by R.
Mead]. New York Times. Retrieved from
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/09/books/09bride.html


In-text citation examples
General Rules has more information about citing multiple authors,
undated sources, etc.
http://www.umuc.edu/library/libhow/apa_examples.cfm
C. ATURAN PENULISAN DAFTAR PUSTAKA SESUAI GAYA MLA
Authors
One author
Example:
Works Cited List
Courtois, Charles A.
Example:
In-Text Citation
(Cortois 70)
Two or three authors
Example:
Works Cited List
Martin, Jonathan A., and Christopher Jackson.
Example:
In-Text Citation
(Martin and Jackson 127-28)
Hughes, Jane C., Elizabeth V. Brestan, and Linda Anne
Valle.
(Hughes, Brestan, and Valle 2-3)
Four or more authors
Example:
Works Cited List
Fontela, Pablo, Antonio Sorio, Javier Mielgo, and Juan
de Blas.
Example:
In-Text Citation
(Fontela, Sorio, Mielgo, and Blas
153-54)
or
or
Fontela, Pablo, et al.
(Fontela et al. 153-54)
If a work has more than 3 authors, MLA gives you the
option of listing only the first author followed by "et al"
(Latin for "and others").
Group author
Example:
Works Cited List
Modern Language Association.
Example:
In-Text Citation
(Modern Language Association 111)
No authors listed
Example:
Works Cited List
"None to Claim Their Bones: Relics of an Old Brooklyn
Graveyard." New York Times 8 Apr. 1888: 3-4. ProQuest
Newspapers. Web. 10 June 2006.
Example:
In-Text Citation
("None to Claim Their Bones" 3)
List that source by title in your works cited list. The title
should be followed by the name of the source in the
citation, and the remainder of the citation composed as
appropriate for the source type. Alphabetize reference
list entries beginning with a title using the primary word
of the title (excluding a, an, or the).
In-text citations should include the
title and the page number(s) of the
text you are quoting or referring to,
with the titles of articles in
quotations, and the titles of books or
Web sites italicized. In cases where
the title contains a colon, use only
the text before the colon in the intext citation.
Page Numbers
Source
Page range whose first number is
over 100
Example
125-35 (not 125-135)
3200-22 (not 3200-3222)
Online periodical where page
numbers are not given
Do not repeat any numbers that can be easily inferred by
the reader. This is done to minimize the length of works
cited lists.
American Psychologist 59 (2004): n. pag.
Follow the date of the magazine or journal with "n. pag."
Articles
Academic Journals:
Source
Library database
Free Web
Works Cited List
Hughes, Jane C., Elizabeth V. Brestan, and Linda Anne Valle.
"Problem-Solving Interactions between Mothers and Children." Child
and Family Behavior Therapy 26.1 (2004): 1-16. PsycINFO. Web. 12
Nov. 2006.
Martin, Pearl Y., and Sonia Jackson. "Educational Success for Children
In print
in Public Care: Advice from a Group of High Achievers." Child and
Family Social Work 7.2 (2002): 121-30. Web. 15 Nov. 2006.
Hughes, Jane C., Elizabeth V. Brestan, and Linda Anne Valle.
"Problem-Solving Interactions between Mothers and Children." Child
and Family Behavior Therapy 26.1 (2004): 1-16. Print.
Encyclopedia Articles
Source
Library database
Works Cited List
Jackson, Keith. “Chesapeake Bay.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 2006 ed.
Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Web. 14 Sept. 2006.

Book, Film and Product Reviews
Source
Library database
Works Cited List
Grimes, William. "Beyond Mandalay, the Road to Isolation and
Xenophobia." Rev. of The River of Lost Footsteps: Histories of Burma,
by Thant Myint-U. New York Times 13 Dec. 2006: E8+. ProQuest
Newspapers . Web. 11 Dec. 2006.
An untitled book, film, or product review (for example, a review
covering multiple works):
In print
Guha, Martin. Rev. of Fleeting Pleasures: A History of Intoxicants, by
Mervyn London, and Substance Use among Young People in Urban
Environments, by Isidore S. Obot and Shekhar Saxena. Journal of
Mental Health 15.2 (2006): 713-16. PsycARTICLES. Web. 2 Apr. 2006.
Grimes, William. "Beyond Mandalay, the Road to Isolation and
Xenophobia." Rev. of The River of Lost Footsteps: Histories of Burma,
by Thant Myint-U. New York Times 13 Dec. 2006: E8+. Print.
An untitled book, film, or product review (for example, a review
covering multiple works):
Guha, Martin. Rev. of Fleeting Pleasures: A History of Intoxicants, by
Mervyn London, and Substance Use among Young People in Urban
Environments, by Isidore S. Obot and Shekhar Saxena. Journal of
Mental Health 15.2 (2006): 713-16. Print.
Books
Source
Basic book
Edited book
Numbered edition
other than the first
Revised edition
Multi-volume set
Chapter or article in
an anthology
Works Cited List
Jans, Nick. The Last Light Breaking: Life among Alaska's Inupiat
Eskimos. Anchorage: Alaska Northwest Books, 1993. Print.
Miller, John, and Tim Smith, eds. Cape Cod Stories: Tales from Cape
Cod, Nantucket, and Martha's Vineyard. San Francisco: Chronicle
Books, 1996. Print.
Please see the sample citation for a chapter or article in an anthology
below for information on citing a component of an edited collection.
Arking, Robert. The Biology of Aging: Observations and Principles. 3rd
ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. Print.
Culliney, John L. Islands in a Far Sea: The Fate of Nature in Hawai'i.
Rev. ed. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2006. Print.
Green, Constance McLaughlin. Washington. 2 vols. Princeton, NJ:
Princeton University Press, 1962-63. Print.
In-text citation: (Green 1: 112-14)
"1" is the volume number.
De Maria, Walter. "The Lightning Field." 1980. Theories and
Documents of Contemporary Art: A Sourcebook of Artists' Writings. Ed.
Kristine Styles and Peter Selz. Berkeley: University of California Press,
1996. 527-30. Print.
If the piece being cited was previously published, give the original date
of publication after its title as shown above. The page numbers of the
chapter or article should follow publication information for the book in
your citation. Additional examples of citations for anthology contents
can be found on pages 158-9 of the MLA Handbook for Writers of
Research Papers (7th ed.).
www.umuc.edu/library/libhow/mla_examples.cfm
Kedua pedoman diatas selalu di gunakan ketika mengambil sumber dari buku, artikel atau
internet. Cara penulisan tersebut telah disepakati di seluruh dunia bagi siapa saja yang akan menulis buku
atau menyelesaikan studi akan menulis dan mengikuti cara seperti diatas. Guna contoh gaya penulisan
tersebut ialah agar memudahkan bagi penulis setiap kali mengutip atau mengambil sumber lain sehingga
dengan mengikuti aturan yang sudah di tetapkan maka hasil karya tulis diakui atau legal. Dengan kata lain
dengan menempatkan bibliografi pada setiap tulisan, kita tidak di anggap sebagai pelaku plagiat.
BAB IV
PENUTUP
A.
KESIMPULAN
Jaman sekarang berbeda dengan jaman sebelumnya. Jaman dulu tidak terlalu
banyak mengenal teknologi sehingga orange-orang hanya memperoleh informasi
secara pasih seperti radio, televise dan lain-lain. Sedangkan saat ini teknologi
canggih yang hampir mengatur system kehidupan. Teknologi di kembangkan dan
gunakan untuk dunia bisnis, kesehatan, komunikasi dan pendidikan. Dalam
pendidikan, manfaat teknologi sangatlah penting. Misalkan dalam mencari
berbagai sumber bacaan bagi siswa secara khusus dan untuk mengetahui dunia
saat ini serta menambah wawasan secara umum. Oleh karena itu, kehasiran
teknologi ini membantu siswa untuk lebih kreatif dan cerdas dalam mencari ilmu
karna semua yang dinginkan sudah ada secara online. Namun, sangat penting bagi
siapapun yang mengambil hasil karya orang lain agar tidak lupa mengambil
sumber setiap kutipan. Karna banyak tangan yang tidak mengakui hasil karya
orang lain kemudian di anggap sebagai hasil karya sendiri maka muncul yang
namanya alat pelacak, dimana penjelasanya ada di alamat “VAIL.” Situs ini
menjelaskan integritas akademik, cara pelacakan hasil karya yang sudah di upload
sebelumnya, kemudian di bandingkan dengan karya tulis yang baru, menjelaskan
plagiat dan cara untuk menghindarinya.
B.
SARAN
Menulis karya ilmiah merupakan kewajinban seorang siswa yang akan
menyelesaikan studinya di jenjang perguruan. Termasuk sekolah atau universitas.
Dalam prakteknya dan legalitas dari sebuah karya ilmiah tidak harus menemukan
banyak sumber yang bisa di pertanggungjawabkan kedepan dan menjadi referensi
bagi penulis berikutnya. Agar tidak dikatakan seorang siswa melakukan plagiat
atau mengambil ide orang lain tanpa sepengetahuanya maka selain mengutip buah
pikiranya juga menyimpan sumber-sumbernya. Sumber tersebut di letakkan di
bagian belakang halaman karya tulis (journal/skripsi). Sumber yang ditempatkan
dingian akhir karya tulis disebut sistes rujukan atau referensi/bibliografi. Semakin
banyak kutipan semakin juga bagus karya tulis kita. Ingat dalam menulis karya
ilmiah harus menghargai ide/pikiran penulis sebelumnya untuk dijadikan referensi
dengan menyertakan sumbernya.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
http://www.umuc.edu/library/vail/index.html
http://www.umuc.edu/library/vail/faculty/AIatUMUC/index.html#t4
http://www.umuc.edu/library/vail/faculty/alarms/index.html
http://www.umuc.edu/library/vail/faculty/faculty_main.html
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