The Role and Agenda:
NGOs, Private Sector, Media and University
The National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction
Indonesia
INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is a country that familiar with catastrophic events. In 2011, BNPB record 1,545
disaster, 940 died, 294 125 people were affected and displaced, 14,925 houses were highly
damaged, 3,300 homes were medium damaged, 36,676 lightly damaged, 153 598 houses were
inundated, 114 health facilities damaged, 445 religious facilities damaged, and damaging 513
educational facilities. Flooding occurs 414 times, 172 people died, 249 067 people evacuated,
damaging 35,136 homes, 55% of the total damaged homes causing by disaster, damaging 46
health facilities, 180 worship places damaged, and 260 educational facilities damaged. After the
Law no. 24/2007 on Disaster Management there is a lot of progress in the response to
disasters, starting of the establishment of a permanent disaster management agencies, their
programs, and budget allocations for pre-disaster and post-disaster purpose
.
Indonesian National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction standing on by 5 pillars: namely,
governments, NGOs, private sector, university and Media. These five pillar, each have a
strategic role in disaster management. It is then our common concern is how the five pillars
can synergize and strengthen the resilience of the nation's efforts.
Based on the reason above, the National Platform trying to create a synergy by conducting
serial of workshops. This activity is intended to map out the role of each pillar, and linked to
one another through an action plan of the most possible to be carried along.
WORKSHOP PURPOSES
1. To collect inputs that can be used by the Indonesian National Platform for Disaster
Reduction during the 4th Global Platform on Disaster Risk Reduction
2. To remap the roles undertaken by the NGO, private sector, Media and university in
disaster risk reduction
3. To collect inputs for the National Platform for DRR framework and disaster risk
reduction issues post 2015
CHALLENGES IN DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
In Yogyakarta Declaration there are 7 points called for the DRR stakeholders: (1) integration of
disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation at the local level into the national
development plan, (2) risk assessment and local funding, (3) Strengthening partnership and
local risk governance management, (4) Fostering resilience of local communities; (5) DRR
framework post 2015, (6) the underlying risk factors; (7) Implementation issues are
interrelated in the Hyogo Framework for Action.
Highlight of DRR Actors in Indonesia
Actor
NGOs
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Private Sector
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Media
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Current Condition
Opportunity and Challenges
NGOs have the capacity of
DRR better than the
government, and more
experience
working
directly at the community
level
While, The law 24/2007
government decree as the
disaster
management
spearhead.
NGOs, besides have to
increase the capacity at
community level, should
increase the government
capacity in the DM as well
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Private sector has been
doing a lot of efforts on
DM, but generally they
are working on their own
based on brand image
orientation
Most of the activities
related on DM are
charitable
Lack of coordination
between
government
agencies and private
sector, makes them feel
not as part of DM system
Some of the private
sectors involved in DM
already
had
risks
mapping and contingency
plan at their business
region
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Diverse understanding of
DRR interest between
journalists and the media
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NGOs should find a definitive
role (not justification) in the
dynamics
of
governance
partnership
Many NGOs losing funding its
programs
To maintain the sustainability
of the program, NGOs now also
possible to access funds from
the state budget
Not all private sectors
involved in the DM has the
mapping capacity
Currently there is a pattern of
mutual
cooperation
that
supports for cross-sector and
cross-institutional
Lack of guidelines/policy
directives related to the role of
private sector (what can and
can not be done)
increase the participation of
private sector in DM
Most journalists do not have
enough capacity to report on
DRR
and
disaster
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The community quite
difficult
to
get
information on DRR from
the
media
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University
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A lot of media doing fundraising and management
of
humanitarian
assistance in times of
disaster
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Currently there are 39
universities that
are
active within DRR issues,
and there are 30 disaster
center of study
Some universities already
have a disaster majors,
and courses on disaster
management (particularly
for advance degree)
The most frequently
studied issue: floods,
earthquakes and droughts
Disaster database is less
accurate and need to buy
Collaboration
with
private sector and NGOs
for
minimum
bureaucracy
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There is no guideline for
media on covering the disaster
in Indonesia
Citizen journalists has not
equipped
with
basic
knowledge and journalistic
skills
to
report
on
disaster/DRR
How does the university work
together with other
stakeholders
University as a value keeper
Difficulty in research funding
Establish a non-profit
collaboration between
universities and business
institutions
Encourage partnerships
between universities and local
governments in each of the
region
The need to build the conceptbased DRR archipelago and
integrate with the issue of
climate change
Analysis of Roles within the Disaster Management
Actor
NGOs
Pre-disaster
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Strengthening
the
preparedness
capacity
of
community
level
Trainings
Socialization
and learning
Networking
Emergency
Response
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Volunteers
activation for
emergency
response
Food and nonfood
distribution
Coordination
with
government
both BNPB and
Post Disaster
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Post-disaster
recovery
programs
Disaster
mitigation in
communities
BPBD
Private Sector
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Media
University
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There
are
already
preparing
contingency
plans,
evacuation
plans
and
preparing risk
maps
Strengthen the
capacity of the
community at
the area of
business
Set
up
a
response team
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Some of media
inform
disasterrelated issue
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Conduct
a
study
of
disaster
Disseminating
research
results
In
collaboration
on
analyzed
the risk
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Deploying the
rescue team
Food and nonfood
distribution
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Rehabilitation
and
reconstruction
(generally For
education,
health
and
economic
recovery)
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Trauma
Healing
Assisting
families
Conduct
analysis
disaster
Conduct public
fundraising
and distribute
Coverage the
disaster news
Deploying the
rescue team
Food and nonfood
distribution
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of
THE ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION
ON DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
Background
Non Government Organization or commonly abbreviated as NGO is one element that most
committed disaster-related activities both at community level as well as the efforts to carry out
joint actions when a disaster attack. And NGOs also who first initiated activities to provide
learning and capacity building to communities affected by disasters; through DM training,
socialization (info session), and other preparedness efforts.
National Platform on March 6, 2013 has been conducting workshops related to the role of
NGOs in disaster risk reduction, with the theme: "More action than discourse in building
community resilience". The theme taken considering participation in civil society as a strength
within disaster risk management in Indonesia.
Currently, there is no mapping of the disaster management actors of civil society that
organized yet. This is supported by the capacity of the community that very diverse; different
actors focus and scope is quite broad. Generally divided into 2 categories: Advocacy and
Action. Advocacy, has a good capacity but limited action. While on the contrary the action
category, the response was spontaneous and has not systematic.
The Facts
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NGOs invstments in disaster risk reduction have the highest progress compared to
other institutions.
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Law 24/2007 decreed the local government as the spearhead of disaster
management. However, the capacity of local government has not as expected yet,
and still have more to be assisted by NGOs that exist at the local level.
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NGOs which more focused on programs to increase the capacity of communities at
the local level within disaster management, should also increase the capacity of local
governments.
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The role of community and public institutions is reduced by political decisions,
starting from the definition of catastrophic disasters which states identification is
widely and is not limited by the society decision
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Roles ensure toughness. Where sometimes there is a toughness which the same
level at the time of the pre, and some even decreased.
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Consultation as a means of communication that builds participation and also share a
role.
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Managing vulnerabilities fairly based on data and facts.
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The resilience of communities measurement basically can not be generalized,
depend on the community itself. Because there are differences of threat and risks
according to their perception
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Indonesia has many disaster-prone developing civil society groups and community
groups in disaster management, there is even a forum DRR in provincial and
district / city, as well as to the village level.
Opportunities and Challanges
NGOs should find a definitive role (not justification) dynamics partnership between the
government, public and private sector (public private partnership). The mapping conditions
of the community were divided into three groups: urban, rural and, coastal and small islands.
1. Urban Community:
Crosscutting issue: the threat of development should based both of upstream and downstream,
leadership factors, holistic approach to policy-making, community involvement, lack of
government support, within issue of regional autonomy, the threat of poverty, but the public
access to proprietary capacity is still limited.
Recommendation of the group was the need for the urban population and disaster-prone
database, integration with development planning in the implementation of DRR activities,
participation of citizens as subjects, access to resources that often invites conflict, threatbased development, selective leadership, as well as building awareness for vulnerable groups.
2. Rural Community
The point of view that can be dealt for rural communities are rural spatial planning,
institutionalization CBDRM, knowledge and training of capacity and awareness of disaster
(rehearsal at community level), and good governance - including the fulfillment of the rights
for the survivors.
Pattern of relations in rural communities:
 Programs Integration that encourage cross-sector policies into the village and
synergies with other regulation and sustain, such as the: Desa Siaga, Desa Tangguh
 Maximizing planning forums such as meetings at the village level which the programs
will come from the local community to the implementation (ownership and
partipatory)
 Empowerment of local resources linked to the sustainability of the program. From the
national policy encourage on improving the implementation at the village level, while
the local government level can be utilized as well as in the community.
3. Coastal and Small Islands Community
Problems which faced: catches reduced as the effect of climate change, clean water is difficult,
high-priced of goods, difficult accessibility, limited resources, land-bias DRR program and the
high cost of programs, the dependence on outside parties, the partial government program,
and master plan isues.
The land use change (from rice fields into ponds, mangrove land be mining area), as a result
emerged the threat of food insecurity and hunger due to health issues caused the survival rate
is lower from the mainland.
Recommendations for coastal areas and small islands is to advocacy the development of coastal
and small islands to become a national priority, the disaster risk reduction policies sounds pro
coastal and small island, databases and networking among coastal region stakeholders, There is
a risk mapping on coastal area and island, as well as improved coordination with the area to
know more and explore the issues/challenges and solutions in the empowerment of coastal
communities and small islands.
Types and Forms of Participation in general
Form of Participation
Type of Participation
Community Role
1. Co-option
There is no input from the local subject
communities which used as materials
2. Co-operation
There are incentives, but the project has Employee
been designed by an outside party which subordinate
determines the entire agenda and direct the
process
3. Consultation
Public opinion was asked, but outsiders clients
analyze information while deciding the
form of the action itself
4. Collaboration
Local communities in collaboration with Collaborators
outsiders to determine priorities, and
external parties directly responsible to the
process
5. Co-learning
Local communities and outsider sharing Partners
knowledge, to gain mutual understanding,
and work together to plan action, while
outsiders simply facilitate
6. Collective action
Local communities develop and implement Directors
its own agenda, outsiders completely absent
or
Related to the sustainability of the program, NGOs are also able to access funding through the
state budget which given many non-governmental organizations are now starting to
experience the limitations of program funding support from donor agencies.
Recomendation
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The need for encouraging role of monitoring on disaster risk reduction programs, both
by government and by non-governmental organizations. So that, there is coordination
and distribution of roles which can synergize with each other.
The need to develop new innovations in work on disaster risk reduction in order to
more effective and well received by the community.
The need for the formulation of a more specific role related for the actors in accordance,
with the expertise and the capacity of each institution in order to partnerships.
There needs to more simple partnership (not bureaucratic) and effective, as well as
increasing roles within society or community on DRR activities
Encouraging the existence of legal protection for local forums or local community
In integrating DRR and CCA programs, need a national strategy and roadmap of the
most vulnerable areas
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Integration between science and DRR - CCA issues at the local level
People have become central to the culture, wisdom and local knowledge in development
empowerment
THE ROLE OF PRIVATE SECTOR
IN DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
Background
Private sectors are key stakeholders in disaster risk reduction efforts in which institutions play
an important role to reducing socio-economic vulnerability in a disaster, ensuring resilience in
economic growth both at national and regional level, strengthening the resilience of the
private sector to reduce dependence on government in post-disaster recovery, and
strengthening capacity in CSR and sustainability and the process of national development
goals.
Since the inception of the Republic of Indonesia, the role of private sector in the improvement
of the political order, economic, social and cultural rights can already be traced. Law No. 40/
2007 on Limited Companies mentioned on the company's efforts in the community as a form
of social and environmental responsibility. This era involvement of business institutions in
disaster risk reduction can be identified, especially during emergency response. Some
companies consciously mobilizing social solidarity efforts to alleviate the suffering of disaster
survivors that often occurs in Indonesia.
The Importance Of a unified vision and mission, and there is a clear division of roles between
each sector. Lack of coordination among agencies that conduct business DRR efforts are still
an obstacle, while also weak coordination with the government. Private sectors are important
stakeholders in Disaster Risk Reduction in terms of: Plays an important role in reducing socioeconomic vulnerability in a disaster, ensuring resilience in economic growth both at national
and international levels, strengthen the resilience of the private sector to reduce dependence
on government in post-disaster recovery and strengthening capacity in CSR and sustainability
and the process of national development goals
The Facts
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Private sector generally work on their own based on the orientation of the business
and the brand image of their stretcher.
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Activities related to disaster management conducted as caritatif
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Private sector that work for disaster risk reduction was not feel as part of the existing
disaster management system.
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The majority of the business organizations already have contingency plans and risk
maps on their business
Examples of Activities:
PT Asuransi Indonesia Maipark collaboration with GIZ (DeCGG) and GIZ (Protects) and BPBDs
DI Yogyakarta and BPBDs Gunung Kidul perform capacity building in disaster risk reduction
through improved disaster preparedness to tsunami preparedness education and training with
the selected location on the south coast Gunung Kidul in Yogyakarta.
The activities undertaken are:
1. Training: risk assessment, districts hazard maps, training of evacuation planning, tsunami
facilitator training at the district, QGIS training for tsunami evacuation maps, evacuation
planning (maps and evacuation procedures), and chain warning areas in accordance with DRR
SOP in the BPBDs district.
2. Installation of 27 signs, 11 signs at Baron Beach, 9 signs in Krakal Beach, 2 ramba in Kukup
Beach, 4 signs in Beach Indrayanti, and 1 signs on the Beach Sundak.
3. 7 Billboard Installation Guide and evacuation procedures in Baron, Krakal, Kukup, Sadeng,
Indrayanti, cloves, and Sundak.
Opportunities and Challenges
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Not all private sector have the capacity mapping
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There is no pattern of mutually beneficial cooperation - both cross-sectoral diinternal
them, and across institutions with other institutions
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The absence of guidelines / directives related policy issues to the role of private sector
disaster management
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Active role in disaster management agency efforts still need to be improved
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When it comes to the challenges, the private sector can be a victim, as affected by the
disaster. Location of offices, factories affected, operations / business activity stalled,
employees were affected, resulting in loss of billions of dollars even a trillion. It is a
challenge for private sector, in order to be prepared before disaster prevention
activities, mitigation, and preparedness before the disaster, and prepare themselves in
the event of a disaster with evacuation plans, contingency plans were immediately
activated when a disaster occurs, the operating plan, and recovery plan , which is often
also known as business continuity planning
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In the recent context, mapping the capacity and intensity that we have already
achieved. Experiences of private sector is very high, but coordination remains weak.
We review the importance of coordination for DRR is essential, together we can fill the
gap between needs and capacities, as well as reducing vulnerability.
Recomendation
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The need for strengthening the institutions coordinating the effort related with disaster
risk reduction
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The need to encourage private sector to actively participate and involve the
communities around the industrial area as well as various other related parties.
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The need for involvement of private sector in policy or planning work program related
disaster management
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The need for a private sector forum for disaster risk reduction as a forum for interagency coordination and consultation
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The Importance Of incentives and disincentives for private sector to make efforts in
disaster risk Deduction
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The need to encourage the development of cooperation mechanisms and codes of
ethics for private sector in implementing disaster management programs.
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Commitment of Private Sector in DRR; Making BCP (Business Continuity Plan) as a
priority, the Company and inner education requirement and benefits of DRR and build
resilience, build collaborative partnerships Private and Government in building regional
resilience, emphasizing DRR and building resilience within the framework of
Corporate Sustainibility, participate in public-private partnerships in regional forums,
and participated in the Global Platform for DRR in 2013 and actively in consulting post
HFA 2015
PERAN MEDIA
DALAM PENGURANGAN RISIKO BENCANA
Latar Belakang
Salah satu butir rekomendasi dalam pertemuan tingkat menteri yang membahas isu
pengurangan risiko bencana di Jogjakarta, adalah, media merupakan salah satu mitra strategis
bagi penyebaran dan edukasi bagi masyarakat, sehingga kerjasama dengan media menjadi
sangat penting. Di pertemuan AMCDRR dimana para jurnalis juga melakukan pertemuan,
mereka merekomendasikan pentingnya para jurnalis memahami isu-isu teknis berkait
dengan pengurangan risiko bencana.
Media memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam mendiseminasikan informasi, dengan
informasi masyarakat dapat mengambil keputusan untuk mengurangi terjadinya dampak.
Informasi yang tepat dapat menjadi guide bagi masyarakat untuk mengambil keputusan yang
tepat pula. Sementara Indonesia sendiri merupakan wilayah yang sangat rentan bencana,
gempa, gunung meletus, longsor, banjir merupakan bencana yang kerap terjadi. Selayaknya
informasi bencana menjadi salah satu hal terpenting. Peran yang sangat menonjol terkait
dengan kebencanaan saat ini adalah sebagai penggalang, pengelola dan penyalur sumbangan.
Peliputan PRB berdasarkan jurnalisme profetik berfungsi untuk: memberi tahu, mendidik,
menghibur, memberi advokasi, mencerahkan dan memberdayakan masyarakat penyintas.
Dampak bencana dapat dikurangi bahkan dihindari jika tersedia informasi yang akuran, tepat,
bermanfaat dan terkomunikasikan dengan cepat. Disamping alat komunikasi canggih seperti
HP dan internet, yang dapat menyampaikan informasi secara cepat, radio terbukti masih
menjadi andalan utama dalam mitigasi bencana -- mulai dari peringatan dini, ketika terjadi
bencana dan pasca bencana; terutama didaerah-daerah terpencil/tertinggal ketika listrik mati
atau bahkan belum tersedia.
Adanya keinginan dan kebutuhan wartawan dan media massa untuk terlibat aktif dalam
pengurangan risiko bencana dan isu kebencanaan lainnya serta perlunya melibatkan
masyarakat sebagai citizen journalist dalam penanggulangan bencana termasuk dalam
pengurangan risiko bencana.
Fakta yang Ada

Beragamnya pemahaman dan kepentingan wartawan dan media massa terhadap
pengurangan risiko bencana.

Sulitnya bagi masyarakat untuk memperoleh informasi terkait pengurangan risiko
bencana dari media massa.

Dari semua jenis media massa yang ada -- karena alasan akses, frekwensi, sinyal dan
kemampua daya beli serta biaya produksi, Radio (baik radio publik, swasta/komersial
dan komunitas) terbukti yang paling efektif untuk melakukan upaya PRB di Indonesia
saat ini. Contohnya, pengalaman di Padang, Sumatera Barat dengan studio pelipur lara
yang dilakukan RRI pada gempa 2009.
Peluang dan Tantangan

sebagian besar wartawan belum memiliki kapasitas yang cukup untuk memberikan
liputan upaya-upaya pengurangan risiko bencana dan informasi kebencanaan lainnya.

Belum ada panduan untuk meliput peristiwa bencana bagi media massa di Indonesia.

Masyarakat non jurnalis belum dilengkapi dengan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan
jurnalistik dasar dalam memberikan laporan terkait peristiwa bencana maupun upayaupaya pengurangan risiko bencana.
Rekomendasi
 Perlunya dilakukan pelatihan dan workshop tentang pengurangan risiko bencana dan
kebencanaan secara berkala kepada jurnalis dan para editor.
 Perlunya dilakukan pelatihan dan workshop jurnalistik untuk aktivis lembaga
masyarakat dan masyarakat umum.
 Perlunya pembuatan website khusus kebencanaan sebagai sarana pertukaran
informasi antara masyarakat dengan media serta stake holder lainnya.
 Perlunya dikembangkan peran media yang sensitive, reliable, effective, accurate dan
timely dalam melakukan pemberitaan terkait isu kebencanaan
 Informasi tentang bencana dan upaya pertolongan korban dan peran PRB sering
melupakan atau menomerduakan pengandang disabilitas dan kelompok rentan lainnya.
Karena itu perlu pembekalan tentang pedoman penanganan penyandang disabilitas dan
kelompok rentan.