MODULE 5 TRAVEL JOURNAL NOTES
05.01 Travel Journal
Objectives of Lesson 5.01:
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Describe the growth of Rome before the Punic Wars
Explain the impact of the Punic Wars on the development of the Roman Empire
-How did the location of Rome help protect it from invaders?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Rome was located 14 miles from the coast, how did this help them stay safe?
2. Rome stood on a plateau, how was this a geographical advantage for them?
3. Rome’s main river is the Tiber. How does the Tiber river help the Romans?
4. Rome was surrounded by the Apennine Mountains in the north/south of the peninsula, and also had the Alps in
the far north. How did these mountains help protect the Romans.
-What impact did the Etruscans have on the early Romans?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Based on reading paragraph #2, how did the Etruscans benefits the Latins?
2. What was the “forum” in Rome? Who built this and why?
3. Why did the Romans choose a republic instead of a monarch?
-How did Rome gain control of Italy?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Why were the Romans able to take advantage over the Estruscans?
2. Besides the Etruscans, who else did the Romans conquer to take over Italy?
3. Rome decided to make its former foes into allies. How did this help Rome grow?
-What were the main events and the key result of the three Punic Wars?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Who did Rome fight?
2. Why did Rome fight during the Punic Wars?
3. What did Rome have to build into to fight again Carthage?
4. As a result of the 1st Punic Wars, what did Rome win?
5. Who was Hannibal and how did he try to conquer Rome?
6. Why was the 3rd Punic War in 149 BCE so important?
MODULE 5 TRAVEL JOURNAL NOTES
-What were the main effects of the Punic Wars on the Roman Republic?
Specific Questions to answer:
1. How did winning the Punic Wars and all the extra land affect the “ideals” of Rome?
2. How did winning the Punic Wars affect the farmers of Rome? What were they forced to do/become?
3. After winning the Punic Wars, how did the social order of Rome change? Was this change good or bad?
How so?
4. Who were the gladiators?
MODULE 5 TRAVEL JOURNAL NOTES
05.02 Travel Journal
Objectives for Lesson 5.02:
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
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Describe the government of the Roman Republic
Explain how the Roman Republic contributed to the development of democratic principles
Describe the life and culture in the Roman Republic and Roman Empire
-How did the Romans ensure that no one person would gain too much power in the Republic?
Specific questions to answer:
1. What is a representative democracy?
2. What does tripartite mean?
3. What is separation of powers?
4. How does the “check and balance” system work?
5. Why did the Republic have 2 consuls?
6. What was the job of the Senate/Assemblies?
-What role did the Twelve Tables have in the government of the Roman Republic?
Specific questions to answer:
1. What is the “rule of law?”
2. What was the “conflict of order” and how was it resolved?
3. Why is it important to have written laws?
-What problems did Roman expansion cause for the Republic?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Now that farmers became full time soldiers, why could they not easily get back home?
2. With the farmers gone, wealthy landowners bought up their farms. How did this change the “social order” of
Rome?
-Who were some of the key figures during the Roman Republic? How did they influence the government of Rome?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Who was Tiberius Gracchus?
2. What did Tiberius Gracchus want to do for the soldiers?
3. Was Tiberius Gracchus popular among the Senate? Why or why not?
4. Who was Gaius Marius?
5. Marius convinced men to join the wars and in return they would receive land and Roman citizenship. Why was
this not a popular plan?
6. What problem did Sulla have with Marius?
7. Sulla and Julius Caesar both marched on Rome to stop Marius, but what was different about Julius Caesar when
compared to Marius?
MODULE 5 TRAVEL JOURNAL NOTES
-Do you think the average Roman was better off living during the Republic or the Empire? Why?
Specific question to consider:
1. The Republic gave the citizens the opportunity to be represented by the Senate/Assemblies while in the Empire
the citizens were at the mercy of the Emperor (dictator), so do you think the citizens of Rome had a better life
during the Republic or the Empire?
-Which aspects of the US government were influenced by Roman law?
Specific question to consider:
1. What do we pay for today that the Romans also paid for back in the ancient world?
2. What do taxes help pay for today and back in ancient Rome?
3. If you are a citizen of our country, what is one of your duties as a citizen (just like in ancient Rome)?
MODULE 5 TRAVEL JOURNAL NOTES
05.03 Travel Journal
Objectives for 5.03:
 Describe the social structure of the Roman Republic
 Compare life in the Roman Republic for various social groups
 Describe the impact of Rome’s expansion on the economy and society
 Map the expansion of the Roman Republic and describe how the expansion impacted the spread of
Roman culture
 Explain the reasons for the decline of the Roman Republic
How did the social structure of ancient Rome affect the lives of its people?
Specific questions to answer:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Once Rome got “big” where did most of the people go to work?
Who were the Patricians?
Who were the Plebeians?
Who were the freedmen?
What role did the slaves play in Roman society?
a. *hint: for the questions above, use the “social pyramid” on page 1 of 7 from this lesson
How was life for women and children in the Roman Republic different from life for women and children today?
Specific questions to answer:
1. What role did men play in society of ancient Rome?
2. What were the opportunities people females in Rome?
3. What were the opportunities for children in Rome?
4. How did your place on the social pyramid affect your opportunities in Rome?
How were the people of ancient Rome able to change their government?
Specific questions to answer:
1. In what ways did the Patricians take advantage of the Plebeians?
2. What was the “conflict of order” and how was it resolved?
3. Why are the 12 tables important? What specific evidence can you provide from the text to support your answer?
MODULE 5 TRAVEL JOURNAL NOTES
How did the diverse religions of ancient Rome reflect Roman life?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Read this paragraph and then explain why it was good that the Roman did not force people to change
their religion:
Your answer goes
here:______________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
How did trade in the Roman Republic lead to the development of the merchant class?
Specific questions to consider:
1. Reading paragraph #1, how did the large slave population affect the small farmers?
2. Using paragraph #2, explain how Rome’s expansion affected their trading. What new items could they
acquire with their conquests/size and who did they get these items from?
3. What role did the “negotiators” and the “mercatores” play in regards to the business part of Rome and
trading? (see paragraph #3)
What were the main causes of the decline of the Roman Republic?
Specific questions to consider:
1. Based on paragraph #1, would you say that Rome’s greatest problems came from external sources or internally?
How so?
2. Who made the first “Triumvirate” and what was the point of it?
3. What did Pompey ask Caesar to do? Did Caesar follow what Pompey said?
4. In paragraph #4, why did the Senate kill Caesar? What was the impact of his death?
5. How did Octavian become the first emperor of Rome?
MODULE 5 TRAVEL JOURNAL NOTES
MORE IMPORTANT INFORMATION BELOW
Extra Practice, MAPS:
Consider the map below and observe the time it took for Rome to grow and conquer:
 Keys to reading maps:
o Identify a “key”
o Figure out how the “key” of the map explains the details
o Look for any patterns
ONE MORE EXAMPLE
MODULE 5 TRAVEL JOURNAL NOTES
Consider this map below:
Question to consider: This map shows the spread of Christianity between AD 325 and AD 476. What similarities
and differences do you see between the growth of the Roman Republic and the spread of Christianity?
MODULE 5 TRAVEL JOURNAL NOTES
05.04 Travel Journal
Objectives for this lesson:
 Identify the key figures associated with the ancient Rome

Compare Roman life and culture in the Roman Republic to life and culture in the Roman Empire

Explain the causes for the growth and longevity of the Roman Empire

Explain the transition from Roman Republic to empire and Imperial Rome.
-What regions in Europe were part of the Roman Empire?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Which ruler of ancient Rome was known as “optimus?” Why was he considered optimus?
2. What are provinces?
3. What is the difference between “senatorial” and “imperial” provinces?
4. Using the “interactive map” on page 1 of 7, explain where Rome’s Empire stretched to.
-How was an emperor different from a Roman Republican consul?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Based on paragraph #1 in page 2 of this lesson, how is the Republic different from the Empire?
2. Why did the Emperor want to not make enemies with the Senate?
-What were Rome's most famous emperors best known for?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Who was Vespasian and what did he do?
2. Who was Trajan and what did he do?
3. Who was Hadrian and what did he do?
4. Who was Marcus Aurelius and what did he do?
5. Who was Diocletian and what did he do?
6. Who was Constantine and what did he do?
7. Who was Theodosius and what did he do?
MODULE 5 TRAVEL JOURNAL NOTES
-What types of art were popular in the Roman Empire?
Specific questions to answer:
1. What is Stoicism?
2. Who were theologians?
3. Work through the interactive on page 4, and jot down what kind of art was popular in the Roman Empire.
-What effect did the currency of Rome have on the Roman Empire?
Specific questions to answer:
1. In paragraph #1 of page 5, how did conquering Egypt help the empire?
2. What is “minting?”
3. Explain the different kinds of coins during the Roman Empire using paragraph #3.
-What enabled the Christian religion to spread in Rome?
Specific questions to answer:
1. What is monotheism?
2. Read the 1st paragraph and explain why Christianity was a problem in ancient Rome.
3. Why were the Christians persecuted in ancient Rome?
4. Who was “Paul of Tarsus” and why was he important to Christianity?
5. How did Constantine help Christianity during the time of the Roman Empire?
MODULE 5 TRAVEL JOURNAL NOTES
05.05 Travel Journal Ancient Rome - The Fall of the West
Objectives for this lesson:
 Identify key figures associated with ancient Rome

Explain the reasons for the gradual decline of the Western Roman Empire after the Pax Romana

Analyze how geography contributed to the culture and politics of ancient Rome
Why were Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius called the Five Great Emperors?
Specific questions to answer:
1. What was the Pax Romana?
2. Why was Nerva a great emperor?
3. Why was Trajan a great emperor?
4. Why was Hadrian a great emperor?
5. Why was Antoninus Pius a great emperor?
6. Why was Marcus Aurelius a great emperor and why did he want to kill the Christians?
What are some of the reasons historians believe caused the fall of the Western Roman Empire?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Edward Gibbon was a famous English historian who wrote about the fall of the Empire. What reasons
did he list as to why the empire fell?
Why did Emperor Diocletian take control of the eastern part of the Roman Empire?
Specific questions to answer:
1. What was the new capital of the Eastern Roman empire called?
2. Where was the Eastern Roman empire located?
3. What was the advantage that the Eastern Empire had compared to the Western Emipre?
MODULE 5 TRAVEL JOURNAL NOTES
How did the Roman government get money?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Based on paragraph #1 of page 4, what was the biggest financial burden for the empire of Rome?
2. Based on paragraph #2 of page 4, the Eastern Roman empire was able to pay for its taxes, but why could the
Western empire not pay for its taxes?
Why would Alaric sack the city of Rome after it paid him a ransom?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Who were the barbarians?
2. Who was Alaric?
3. Who did the ransom of Rome affect it after payment to Alaric?
How was it possible for Odoacer to remove Romulus Augustulus as ruler?
Specific questions to consider:
1. Where did the Vandals come from?
2. Why was Romulus Augustulus not a competent ruler?
3. Why did the Romans decided to higher barbarians to fight on their side?
4. Why were mercenary soldiers bad for the Roman army? What was the potential problem here?
5. Who was Odoacer?
6. The Western Roman Empire fell first. How long did it take the Eastern Roman Empire to fall? What was
the east called?
MODULE 5 TRAVEL JOURNAL NOTES
05.06 Travel Journal
Objectives for this lesson:
 Describe how history reveals the heritage and values of a culture

Identify key figures and the basic beliefs of early Christianity and how these beliefs impacted the
Roman Empire.
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Describe the key achievements and contributions of Roman civilization

Explain the spread and influence of the Latin language on Western Civilization
How did the Romans lead to the breakdown of social classes?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Who was in charge of the household?
2. Could women own property during this time?
3. Based on paragraph #3, in what ways were the Romans influenced by the Greeks?
How did Rome shape Christianity?
Specific questions to answer:
1. Based on paragraph #2, who was Jesus?
2. Based on paragraphs 4-5 did the Romans like the Christians? Why or why not?
In what ways did the Greeks influence the Romans?
Specific questions to consider:
1. What kind of art is “realism?”
2. What were mosaics?
3. The Romans copied the Greeks in their structures, but what new things did they do that was different?
4. Based on paragraph #2, why was concrete a great source for building?
5. Based on paragraph #2, what were some important Roman structures that still stand today?
6. What is “rhetoric?”
7. Based on paragraph #4, who are “stoics?”
8. Based on paragraphs #5-#7, what were the most famous works of literature from ancient Rome? What were they
MODULE 5 TRAVEL JOURNAL NOTES
about?
9. Based on the final paragraph of page 3 from this lesson, what influence does the “Latin” language have today?
What are some Roman inventions?
Specific questions to answer:
1. What is engineering?
2. What was the biggest engineering project for the ancient Romans? Why was it important?
3. What were the aqueducts?