Directions: Complete this review sheet in order to prepare for your Microbiology Test. You
may also want to study all the other important pieces of information that we wrote down in your
agenda and that are on schoolnotes.com.
PART 1 – THE MICROSCOPE
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The simple microscope was invented by ______________________________________.
The hollow cylinder that holds the lenses is the _________________________________.
________________________ is found below the stage and controls the amount of light
that passes through the stage opening.
______________________________ is the revolving part that holds the objective lenses.
The flat bottom support of the microscope is the ______________________.
If the eyepiece is 10X and the objective lens is 40X, what is the total magnification? ____
Which knob do you use to focus first? _____________________________
_______________________________________________ is the lens you look through.
What is the name of the small square that goes on top of the slide? _________________
Under the microscope, what direction does the slide appear to move when you move the
slide to the right? ____________________
How does a slide appear under the microscope? ________________________________.
The part of the microscope that you put the slide on is the ________________________.
How should you should leave the microscope when you are completely finished?
PART 2 – PLANT & ANIMAL CELLS
14. Why is Robert Hooke an important man in science? Explain.
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_______________ is the organelle used for the storage of food, water and waste.
_______________ is the organelle that packages and moves material for transport.
_______________ is the organelle that breaks down large molecules (digests them).
_______________ is the organelle that converts light into food for the plant cell.
_______________ is the gelatin-like substance inside the cell.
_______________ is the winding pathway of the cell that transports material.
_______________ is the control center of the cell.
_______________ is the organelle that provides the cell with energy.
_______________ is the outer lining that controls the in and out flow of materials such as
oxygen and water.
_______________ is the organelle that makes proteins for growth and repair.
25. _______________ helps the cell maintain its shape – supports the cell
26. _______________ is the stiff outer covering that protects and supports the plant cell.
PART 3 – ORGANIZATION OF LIVING THINGS
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_______________ is the smallest unit of life.
A group of cells make a/an ___________________________.
A group of tissues make a/an _________________________.
A group of organs make a/an _________________________.
A living thing made up of a cell or cells is a/an _________________________.
Structures that make up a cell and aide in its function are ___________________.
Members of one kind of organism living in a particular area is a ___________________.
PART 4 - GENETICS
34. Why was Mendel an important man in the world of science? Explain.
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Explain the difference between phenotype and genotype.
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Explain the difference between dominant traits and recessive traits.
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Define and give an example of a heterozygous trait.
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Define and give an example of a homozygous trait.
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What is natural occurrence? Give an example.
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What is the purpose of selective breeding? Give an example.
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Explain some problems that go along with genetic engineering.
Part 5 - Microbes and Diseases
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Microbes that cause disease are called ___________________________.
_____________________________________ diseases spread from person to person.
________________________________ diseases do not spread from person to person.
Name the five kinds of disease-causing pathogens.
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____________________ made by white blood cells that coat diseased microbes to make
them harmless.
_________________________ is the medicine you take to fight off a bacterial infection.
______________________ have a disease-causing microbe in them that cause your white
blood cells to make antibodies in order to prevent you from contracting the disease.
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ANSWER KEY
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Anton Von Leuwenhoek
Body Tube
Diaphragm
Nosepiece
Base
400x
Coarse Adjustment Knob
Eyepiece or Ocular
Cover Slip
Left
Upside Down
Stage
Vacuole
Golgi Body
Lysosome
Chloroplast
Cytoplasm
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
Cell Wall
Cell
Tissue
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Organ
Organ System
Organism
Organelles
Population
Genotype – the genetic makeup of an organism
Phenotype – the expression of a trait
Dominant traits tend to mask recessive traits. A recessive trait will only be expressed in a dominant trait is
not present.
Heterozygous – the presence of two different genes. Example: Bb – this person possesses one brown-eyed
gene and one blue-eyed gene.
Homozygous – the presence of the same two genes. Ex: BB or bb – these people possess two of the same
gene.
Natural Occurrence is the process by which the traits of organisms change over generations as a result of
environmental factors. Examples: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics, Peppered Moths.
Selective Breeding occurs when humans, not nature, select which plants or animals will reproduce based on
desired traits. Examples including breeding racehorses for speed, vegetables to repel bugs, etc.
Pathogens
Communicable
Non-communicable
Virus, Bacteria, Fungus, Parasites, Prions (theory)
Antibodies
Antibiotics
Vaccine