Test 4 BIO 110 Review
Starred (*) questions are related to the anatomy section of the test.
Nervous System
1.
*Compare the central and peripheral nervous systems.
2.
Compare the sensory and motor divisions of the nervous system.
3.
Compare these two divisions of the motor division: a.
Somatic nervous system b.
Autonomic nervous system
4.
What are Neurons?
5.
*Describe these structures of a neuron: a.
Cell body b.
Dendrites c.
Axon d.
Axon terminals e.
Synaptic knobs f.
Myelin sheath g.
Nodes of Ranvier
6.
Compare the following neurons: a.
Sensory (afferent) neurons b.
Interneurons c.
Motor (efferent) neurons
7.
What are the functions of these neuroglia? a.
Schwann cells

b.
Oligodendrocytes c.
Astrocytes d.
Microglial cells e.
Ependymal cells f.
Neuron Physiology
8.
Define the following: a.
Irritability b.
Conductivity
9.
What is happening while the cell is at resting potential?
10.
Describe the process involved with forming an impulse.
11.
What is depolarization?
12.
What is repolarization?
13.
How does myelin affect impulse conduction?
14.
Define the following? a.
Synapse b.
Synaptic knob c.
Synaptic cleft
15.
What are the steps of synaptic transmission?
16.
What are neurotransmitters?
17.
Compare these two basic types of neurotransmitters. a.
Excitatory b.
Inhibitory
18.
*Compare three fibrous membranes of the meninges . a.
Pia mater

b.
Arachnoid mater c.
Dura mater
19.
*Where is the largest portion of the brain?
20.
*What are the functions of the following structures? a.
longitudinal fissure b.
corpus callosum c.
gyri d.
sulci
21.
Compare gray and white matter in the cerebral cortex.
22.
What are the functions of the following areas in the cerebrum? a.
Frontal lobe b.
Parietal lobe c.
Temporal lobe d.
Occipital lobe e.
Insula
23.
Where is the primary sensory area? a.
Primary motor area b.
Premotor area c.
Broca’s area d.
Frontal eye field area
24.
What is the general interpretative area?
25.
What is hemisphere specialization?
26.
Compare the right and left hemispheres.
27.
What are the functions of the following parts of the Diencephalon?

a.
Thalamus b.
Hypothalamus
28.
What are the functions of the Limbic System?
29.
What are the functions of the following parts of the Brain Stem: a.
Midbrain b.
Pons c.
Medulla oblongata
30.
What are the functions of the Cerebellum?
31.
*What are ventricles?
32.
What is cerebrospinal fluid? Where does it flow?
33.
*How many Cranial Nerves are there?
34.
Fill out the following chart
Sensory, Motor, or Both Cranial Nerve
Olfactory Nerves (I)
Optic Nerves (II)
Oculomotor Nerves (III)
The Trochlear Nerves (IV)
The Trigeminal Nerves (V)
The Abducens Nerves (VI)
The Facial Nerves (VII)
Function

The Vestibulocochlear Nerves
(VIII)
The Glossopharyngeal Nerves
(IX)
The Vagus Nerves (X)
The Accessory Nerves (XI)
The Hypoglossal Nerves (XII)
35.
*How many Spinal Nerves are there?
36.
*Where does the spinal cord terminate?
37.
*What is the cauda equina?
38.
Compare these two roots from the spinal cord a.
Ventral root b.
Dorsal root
39.
*Compare the following Spinal Plexuses a.
Cervical plexus b.
Brachial plexus c.
Lumbar plexus d.
Sacral plexus
40.
What are Reflexes?
41.
Compare these divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System a.
Sympathetic division b.
Parasympathetic division

Endocrine System
1.
What are target cells?
2.
*Be familiar with the basic locations of the endocrine glands.
3.
Compare steroid and non-steroid hormones.
4.
What are Prostaglandins?
5.
What mechanism is hormone secretion is regulated by?
6.
What are the functions of these hormones that come from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland? a.
Growth hormone (GH)
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)? b.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) c.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) d.
Luteinizing hormone (LH) e.
Prolactin
7.
What are the functions of these hormones that come from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland? a.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) b.
Oxytocin
8.
What are the functions of Thyroxine (T
4
) and T
3?
9.
What is the function of Calcitonin?

10.
What is the function of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)?
11.
What are the functions of epinephrine and norepinephrine? Where do they come from?
12.
What are the functions of these hormones from the adrenal cortex? a.
Aldosterone b.
Cortisol c.
Androgens
13.
What are the functions of these two pancreatic hormones: a.
Glucagon b.
Insulin
14.
What is Diabetes mellitus?
15.
Compare Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
16.
What is Hypoglycemia?
17.
What are the functions of these two ovarian hormones? a.
Estrogens b.
Progesterone
18.
What is the function of testosterone?
19.
What are the functions of the following hormones? a.
Melatonin b.
Thymosin

20.
*Be sure to make note of the organ of origin for all the hormones mentioned.