Internet
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GCSE ICT Web Design PRESENTING ON THE WEB What is the World Wide Web? The World Wide Web (WWW) is most often called the Web. The Web is a network of computers all over the world. All the computers in the Web can communicate with each other. All the computers use a communication standard called HTTP. How does the WWW work? Web information is stored in documents called Web pages. Web pages are files stored on computers called Web servers. Computers reading the Web pages are called Web clients. Web clients view the pages with a program called a Web browser. Popular browsers are Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator. How does the browser fetch the pages? A browser fetches a Web page from a server by a request. A request is a standard HTTP request containing a page address. A page address looks like this: http://www.someone.com/page.htm. The browser searches for the index.htm or home.htm page in the web site. How does the browser display the pages? All Web pages contain instructions for display The browser displays the page by reading these instructions. The most common display instructions are called HTML tags. HTML tags look like this <p>This is a Paragraph</p>. What is HTML? HTML stands for the HyperText Markup Language. HTML code is the major language of the Internet's World Wide Web. Web sites and web pages are written in HTML code. With HTML code and the World Wide Web, you have the ability to bring together text, pictures, sounds, and links... all in one place! HTML code files are plain text files, so they can be composed and edited on any type of computer... Windows, Mac, UNIX, whatever. An HTML file is a text file containing small markup tags. The markup tags tell the Web browser how to display the page. An HTML file must have an htm or html file extension. An HTML file can be created using a simple text editor, (i.e. notepad). A D Pearson D:\533575757.doc GCSE ICT Web Design Building Web Pages Head and Body Tags HEAD The HEAD tags contain all of the document's header information. In HTML things like the document title and so on go here. TITLE This container is placed within the HEAD structure. Between the TITLE tags, you should have the title of your document. This will appear at the top of the browser's title bar, and also appears in the history list. BODY The BODY text comes after the HEAD structure. Between the BODY tags, you find all of the stuff that gets displayed in the browser window. All of the text, the graphics, and links, and so on -- these things occur between the BODY tags. Type in the following text in notepad to see how this all works: <html> <head> <title>Title of page</title> </head> <body> This is my first homepage. <b>This text is bold</b> </body> </html> Save the file as "index.htm" in your file space. 1. Start your Internet browser. 2. Select "Open" (or "Open Page") in the File menu of your browser. 3. A dialog box will appear. Select "Browse" (or "Choose File") and locate the HTML file you just created - "index.htm" - select it and click "Open". 4. Now you should see an address in the dialog box, for example "C:\MyDocuments\index.htm". 5. Click OK, and the browser will display the page. Browser A program used to load, view, and interact with Web documents. The most famous examples of browsers are Microsoft Explorer and Netscape. Browser window The part of the browser's display where the contents of a document are displayed; in graphical browsers, the window can be scrolled back and forth through a document. The text you're reading at this moment is in the browser window. A D Pearson D:\533575757.doc GCSE ICT Web Design Hyperlink A link from one document to another, or to any resource, or within a document. The hyperlinked text is highlighted in some fashion. The default is usually blue, underlined text, but your display may vary. URL (unique resource locator) Every single page on the Web has a special web filename, known as a Unique Resource Locator (URL). For example http://www.thisismydomain.co.uk Index pages The index page is the first page that is downloaded from any website. It is called index.htm or index.html. When you enter the domain name such as www.thisismydomain.co.uk in a browser it downloads www.thisismydomain.co.uk/index.htm. Search engine Search engines such as www.google.co.uk automatically check thousands of millions of web pages on a regular basis. Its stores the data it collects in a vast index, and it is the index which is used whenever you do a search. WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) You can view smaller versions of web pages on mobile phones. Using a system called WAP. Domain Names Domain names can be registered and can end with any of these: .com for a commercial business .org for a non-commercial organisation .info for a site that provides information .co.uk for a commercial business in the uk .gov.uk for branches of UK government .ac.uk for a university in the uk .sch.uk schools in the uk……. there are many more! Homework 1. Describe , with examples, two problems associated with the internet 2. Name two devices, other than a computer, that could be used to display web pages. 3. Why are people switching from dial-up modems to broadband connections in order to use the internet? 4. What is the index page of a website? 5. What is a web browser? 6. For what purpose would you use HTML? Give your reasons. A D Pearson D:\533575757.doc
