Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
C H A P M A N
UniversityCollege
INTERNATIONAL LAW
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION AND WORLD ORDER
Prof. Dr. Leo Lovelace
Chapman University College at Irvine
lovelace@chapman.edu
COURSE DESCRIPTION
International law is the system of rules governing the relations among states and providing the
common principles for humankind. It is a decentralized system, held together by a hierarchy of
subordinating, imperative principles, such as good faith, consent, and the obligation to fulfil the
agreements. The system consists of legal rules, persons, and areas of action governed by
international law regimes. The rules of the law are those codified in treaties and international
agreements, customs, general principles, and international judicial decisions. The persons are
collective entities -states, international organizations, peoples- and individual persons, who are
entitled to action and protection in international law. The areas of action are those where
internationally protected interests are at stake, such as the conditions and relations among the
persons of the system, the protection of human rights, the maintenance of peace and security, and
the uses of resources and common spaces. This course aims at understanding the basic institutions,
functions, and problems of the law, through the study of cases, in terms of the following concepts:
EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES
Audio, video, and power point classroom equipment, and computer assisted instruction and
learning.
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Upon completing this course students should:
1) Understand the basic characteristics of the system of international law.
2) Have a good command of how the system works, its processes, and its problems and prospects.
3) Have acquired the fundamentals of international legal and political methodology and know.
4) Be able to analyze with technical rigor cases, decisions, and policies.
MAJOR STUDY UNITS & COURSE CALENDAR
s1 Apr 17 COURSE INTRODUCTION AND ORGANIZATION.
s2 Apr 24 I THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
1 The system of international law: sources, evidence, rules. Codification and development of
international law rules.
2 International law and the law of the United States.
3 Compliance with and enforcement of international law.
s3 May 1 II STATES, ORGANIZATIONS, AND INDIVIDUALS
1 The states: sovereignty and self-determination in the system of the law.
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Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
2 The public international organization system.
3 The individual in the system of international law.
s4 May 8 III INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE SYSTEM OF THE LAW
1 Nature of international acts.
2 Diplomatic representation and relations.
3 International negotiations and agreements.
4 Law of international agreements.
5 Implementation of and compliance with international agreements.
s5 May 15 IV STRUCTURE OF AUTHORITY
1 State authority and jurisdiction in the system of the law.
2 International organized authority and jurisdiction.
3 International judicial jurisdiction.
s6 May 22 V INTERESTES PROTECTED BY THE LAW 1: PEACE AND SECURITY
1 The obligation to settle disputes by peaceful means
2 Preventive diplomacy and peace operations
3 Use of force
4 Arms control and disarmament
5 Armed conflicts and international humanitarian law
s7 May 28 VI INTERESTS PROTECTED BY THE LAW 2: HUMAN RIGHTS
1 International law of human rights
2 The global humanitarian crisis
3 Economic development
s8 June 5 VII INTERESTS PROTECTED BY THE LAW 3: COMMONS
1 The international law of the sea
2 The international law of the outer space
3 International environmental law
s9 June 12 CASE STUDY PROJECTS PRESENTATION.
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES
Case study, presentation, and discussion
Lecture and reading
Case study essay writing
REQUIRED TEXTS
. Public International Law, Thomas Buergenthal and Sean D. Murphy (West Group, 2002)
. Professor’s Instructions: Concepts, Cases, Questions, Research and Study Materials.
STUDENT PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS AND COURSE POLICIES
INDIVIDUAL ATTENDANCE:
For purposes of the overall class and individual performance and grading, regularity of attendance
is essential.
CASE PRESENTATIONS:
Participation in this course is a structured activity, in that everyone is assigned cases for
presentation and discussion, as scheduled, throughout the term.
CASE STUDY ESSAY (TERM PAPER):
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Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
The case study essay is an original writing by each individual student member of the class a case,
or aspect of a case, different from those which she or he may have presented or discussed, or
otherwise agreed with the Instructor. The basic, standard rules on originality, reference and source
quotations, and text notes, apply to the production of this essay. The length of the essay may vary
from 15 to 20 double-space pages, including text notes and bibliographical references.
METHODS OF EVALUATION FOR DETERMINING GRADES
9 INDIVIDUAL ATTENDANCE: 27% [3 x 9]
3 CASE PRESENTATIONS: 33% [3 x 11]
3 CASE DISCUSSIONS: 9% [3 x 3]
1 CASE STUDY ESSAY (TERM PAPER): 31%
Instructional Evaluation Criteria for all Course Assignments
For purposes of evaluating and grading all course assignments -case presentations, case study essays or term papers, and
final examination- the Instructor relies generally on the following basic criteria:
a) Presentation. Course assignments must be formally structured in terms of an introductory, a development sequence, and
a conclusion.
b) Information and knowledge. Contents must be informative and demonstrate substantial command or knowledge of the
specific questions addressed and their relation to their relevant issues, alternatives, and contexts.
c) Critical. The best contents involves elements of description, explanation, and analysis. The explanatory aspects or
components, focusing on causal and comparative dimensions of the issues and the questions at stake, should also show a
good level of critical capacity, in relation to facts, in relation to the logical requirements of consistency and coherence, and
in relation to value frameworks and principles which may be paramount for or controlling on the issues or on the larger
constitutional, legal, and public policy conditions at stake.
d) Analytical and evaluative. The aspects of explanation and analysis of contents -in case presentations, the term paper, and
the final- are best dealt with when the student shows competence and command in distinguishing the elements, establishing
basic categories and comparisons, and then reaching synthetic concepts to assess questions, reasonings, and the strength or
adequacy of decisions.
UNIVERSITY-LEVEL WRITING STANDARDS
The ability to express one’s ideas effectively is a hallmark of a quality higher education. Writing
is, therefore, one of the central activities at Chapman University through which students
accumulate, communicate, and demonstrate learning.
Unless otherwise indicated by the Instructor, all writing in Chapman University classes, from
postings on electronic bulletin boards and PowerPoint presentations, to personal essays and formal
research papers, will be evaluated on the minimal essentials of Standard American English
grammar, word choice, spelling and punctuation, and on the integrity, creativity, reasonableness
and accuracy of the information’s content. Academic expository writing differs from other forms
in that it usually:
. Has a topic that is narrow enough in scope to explore in some depth in the space allotted,
. Focuses its presentations by means of a clear statement of purpose (thesis statement, hypothesis,
or question posed by the Instructor) and logically organized sub-topic paragraphs or sections,
. Utilizes a sentence style that is appropriate for its intended audience,
. Employs arguments that demonstrate principles of sound critical thinking,
. Substantiates abstractions, judgments and assertions with specific illustration, facts, and
evidence,
. Draws upon research whenever necessary and properly acknowledges the work of others.
Any material not original to the student must be cited in a recognized documentation format (such
as APA [American Psychological Association], ASA, MLA, or the University of Chicago)
appropriate to the particular academic discipline. For a quick reference to documentation standards
for various fields you may refer to: http://www.chapman.edu/library/reference/styles. Use of
information of materials from outside sources without proper citation is considered plagiarism and
can be grounds for disciplinary action. See the explanation of Academic Integrity below. All
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Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
written work should be word processed or typed unless otherwise specified and carefully
proofread.
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY
As a learning community of scholars, Chapman University emphasizes the ethical responsibility of
all its members to seek knowledge honestly and in good faith. Students are responsible for doing
their own work, and academic dishonesty of any kind will not be tolerated. “Violations of
academic integrity include, but are not limited to, cheating, plagiarism, or misrepresentation of
information in oral and written form. Such violations will be dealt with severely by the Instructor,
the Dean or Center Director, and the Standards Committee. Plagiarism means presenting
someone’s else idea or writing as if it were your own. If you use someone’s else idea or writing,
be sure the source is clearly documented”. Other guidelines for acceptable student behavior are
specified in the Chapman University College 2002-2003 Catalog.
AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT STATEMENT
Any personal learning accommodations that may be needed by a student covered by the
“Americans with Disabilities Act” must be made known to the Instructor as soon as possible. This
is the student’s reponsibility. Information about services, academic modifications and
documentation requirements can be obtained from the Director of the Center for Academic
Success at the Orange Campus at 714-997-6828 or from the Director of a Chapman regional
campus.
CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY RESOURCES ONLINE
. Chapman UniversityThurmond Clarke Memorial Library
<http://www.chapman.edu/library/>.
. Catalog Search < http://clarke.chapman.edu/search~S1>.
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND DOCUMENTATION RESOURCES
. American Society of International Law <http://www.asil.org/>.
. American Journal of International Law <http://www.jstor.org>.
. Convention on the Law of Treaties of 1969 (Vienna Convention)
<http://www.un.org/law/ilc/texts/treatfra.htm >.
. European Journal of International Law <http://www.ejil.org/> .
. International Court of Justice <http://www.icj-cij.org/> .
. International Law: Cases and Materials, Damrosch, Henkin, Pugh, Schachter, Smit (West
Group, 2001). Libr., Law: KZ64.H46 I57 1980.
. Restatement of the Law (Third), The Foreign Relations Law of the United States, American Law
Institute 1987. Libr, Law: KF4651.R47 1987.
. United Nations <http://www.un.org/english/> .
. U. N. Charter < http://www.un.org/aboutun/charter/index.html >.
. U. N. Documents < http://www.un.org/documents/ >.
. U. N. General Assembly < http://www.un.org/ga/57/ >.
. U. N. High Commissioner for Human Rights <http://www.unhchr.ch/> .
. U. N. International Law Commission <http://www.un.org/law/ilc/> .
. U. N. Security Council <http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/>.
COURSE OUTLINE
Part I. THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
s2 APRIL 24
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Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
1 The system of international law: sources, evidence, rules. Codification and development of
international law rules.
Case 11 Legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons .Read: PIL 1, 2, 13; Instruct 1.
2 International law and the law of the United States.
Case 12 What does it mean international law
is supreme law of the land? .Read: PIL 7; Instruct 1.
3 Compliance with and enforcement of international law.
Case 13 The ICJ Orders of April 8 1993
(Genocide Convention in Bosnia/Herzegovina)
and March 3 1999 (LaGrand) compared.Read: PIL 1; Instruct 1.
Part II THE LAW RATIONE PERSONAE: STATES,
ORGANIZATIONS, AND INDIVIDUALS IN THE SYSTEM OF THE LAW
s3 MAY 1
1 The states: sovereignty and self-determination in the system of the law
Case 21 Chechnya, Kosovo, Palestine, Taiwan compared .Read: PIL 3; Instruct 2.
2 The public international organization system
Case 22 Immunity of United Nations personnel .Read: PIL 3; Instruct 2.
3 The individual in the system of international law
Case 23 From Nuremberg to The Hague .Read: PIL 3; Instruct 2.
Part III INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE SYSTEM OF THE LAW
s4 MAY 8
1 Nature of international acts
Case 31 Unilateral sanctions (U. S. v. Cuba).Read: PIL 7; Instruct 3.
2 Diplomatic representation and relations
Case 32 American hostages.Read: Instruct 3.
3 International negotiations and agreements
Case 33 Negotiating the NPT indefinite extension.Read: PIL 5; Instruct 3.
4 Law of international agreements
Case 34 Reservations to treaties: U. S. ratification of human rights treaties.Read: PIL 3; Instruct 3.
5 Implementation of and compliance with international agreements:
international responsibility of states
Case 35 Conflict between the law of the state and international law: LaGrand.Read: PIL 1; Instruct 3.
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Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
Part IV. JUS AUCTORITAS ET POTESTAS: THE STRUCTURE OF AUTHORITY
AND JURISDICTION IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
s5 MAY 15
1 State authority and jurisdiction in the system of international law
Cases 41 Pinochet.- 41A bin Laden.Read: PIL 8, 9; Instruct 4.
2 International organized political authority
Case 42 Iraq/Kuwait (1990/91), Kosovo/Yugoslavia (1998/99)
and U.S./Iraq (2003) compared.43 The 2001 decision to use force on Afghanistan.Read: PIL 3, 12; Instruct 4.
3 International judicial jurisdiction
Case 44 Establishing and challenging the ICJ jurisdiction.- 44A U. S. and the International
Criminal Court.Read: PIL 4; Instruct 4.
Part V. THE LAW RATIONE MATERIAE. INTERESTS PROTECTED BY THE LAW:
1 PEACE AND SECURITY
s6 MAY 22
1 The obligation to settle disputes by peaceful means
Cases 51 The U. N. Security Council, or
Who Is Responsible for International Security?.51A Israeli/Palestine.- c52 Taiwan/China.- c53 India/Pakistan.Read: PIL 4; Instruct 5.
2 Preventive diplomacy and peace operations
Cases 54 Bosnia.- c55 Congo.Read: PIL 12; Instruct 5.
3 Use of force
Cases 56 Korea (1951), Iraq/Kuwait (1991), Kosovo (1999), Afghanistan (2001), and Iraq (2003)
compared.- c57 Eritrea/Ethiopia.- c58 Arab/Israeli Wars.- c59 Russia/Chechnya.c510 The use of force against terrorism.Read: PIL 12; Instruct 5.
4 Arms control and disarmament
Cases 511 Coventional arms.- c512 The Chemical Weapons Convention.- c513 The Biological
Weapons Convention.- c514 The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty.- c515 The question of the
legality of nuclear weapons.- c516 Missile defense.Read: PIL 12; Instruct 5.
5 Armed conflicts and international humanitarian law
Cases 517 The Geneva Conventions in international armed conflicts.- c518 The Geneva
Conventions in non-international armed conflicts.- c519 The law of international responsibility
for violations of the laws of armed conflicts and humanitarian law.Read: PIL 12, 6C; Instruct 5.
Part VI. THE LAW RATIONE MATERIAE. INTERESTS PROTECTED BY THE LAW:
2 HUMAN RIGHTS
s7 MAY 28
1 International law of human rights
Cases 61 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.c62 Convention against Torture.-
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Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
Read: PIL 6; Instruct 6.
2 The global humanitarian crisis
Case 63 Refugees.Read: PIL 6; Instruct 6.
3 Economic development
Case 64 The World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg 2002).c65 What globalization?
Read: Instruct 6.
Part VII. THE LAW RATIONE MATERIAE. INTERESTS PROTECTED BY THE LAW:
3 COMMON HERITAGE OF HUMANKIND
s8 JUNE 5
1 The international law of the sea
Case 71 Maritime boundaries.Read: PIL 10; Instruct 7.
2 The international law of the outer space
Case 72 Missile defense and the law of outer space.Read: Instruct 7.
3 The international environmental law
Case 73 Climate change.Read: PIL 11; Instruct 7.
CASE INDEX
American hostages
. AMERICAN HOSTAGES IN IRAN: THE CONDUCT OF A CRISIS, Christopher et al. (1985),
Libr.: E183.8.I55 A6 1985.
. Case Concerning U. S. Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran, ICJ 1980,
. Case Concerning U. S. Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran: Judgment (May 24 1980), ICJ
1980. Libr.: JX238.I7 U54 1982, KZ218.I57 1980b; 74 AJIL 3 746 (1980) <>.
. Contemporary Practice of the U. S.: Termination of Relations, Nash, 74 AJIL 3 657 (1980 <>.
. Contempt, Crisis, and the Court: The World Court and the Hostage Rescue Attempt, 76 AJIL 3
499 (1982) <>.
. Protection of Diplomats under Islamic Law, by M. Cherif Bassiouni, 74 AJIL 3 609 (1980) <>.
. Some Aspects of the Vienna Conference on Diplomatic Intercourse and Immunities, Kerley,
56 A J I L 1 88 (1962) <>.
. The Case of the U. S. Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran: Phase of Provisional Measures,
Gross, 74 AJIL 2 395 (1980).
. The Iran Hostage Crisis: Easy Answers and Hard Questions, Falk, 74 AJIL 2 411 (1980) <>.
binLaden
. Contemporary practice of U. S. relating to international law, Murphy, 93 AJIL 1 161 (1999) .
. Contemporary practice of the U. S. relating to international law: Efforts to obtain custody of
Osama bin Laden, Murphy, 9a AJIL 2 348 at 366 (2000) <>.
. Options for prosecuting international terrorists, Scheffer, U. S. Institute of Peace. Nov. 14, 2001
<http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr78.html>.
. Patterns of Global Terrorism, 2000, U. S. Department of State
<http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/pgtrpt/2000/>.
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Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
. Responsibility for the Terrorist Atrocities in the U. S., Sept. 11, 2000, U. K. Office of the Prime
Minister, Summary of Statement of Evidence, Oct 4, 2001
<http://www.ict.org.il/documents/documentdet.cfm?docid=56> .
. The U. S. Embassies bombings trial - A Summary, Zill, PBS Frontline
<http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/bombings/bombings.html>
. U. S. Code, Title 18, Part I, Ch.113B, Terrorism
<http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/casecode/uscodes/18/parts/i/chapters/113b/toc.html> .
. U. S. v. bin Laden et al., U. S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, Nov 4 1998
(indictment) < http://www.ccc.de/mirrors/jya.com/usa-v-laden.htm>.
. U. S. v. bin Laden et al., U. S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, 92 F. Supp. 2d
189; 2000 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 3014, March 13 (jurisdiction) <>
. U. S. v. bin Laden, et al., U. S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, 92 F. Supp. 2d
225; 2000 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 2832, March 15 (factual and legal background, bill of particulars ordered ) <>
. U. S. v. Zacarias Moussaoui, U. S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, Dec. 2001
<http://news.findlaw.com/hdocs/docs/terrorism/moussaoui1201.pdf>.
. Who is bin Laden?, PBS Frontline < http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/who/bio.html>.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
. Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (BiH
v. Yugoslavia), Bello, Bekker, Szasz, 91 AJIL 1 121 (1997) < >.
. Bosnia Page, <http://www.its.caltech.edu/~bosnia/>.
. Brief History of the War Bosnia Homepage <http://www.its.caltech.edu/~bosnia/>.
. NATO and U. N. Involvement in Bosnia Bosnia Homepage <http://www.its.caltech.edu/~bosnia>.
. Recognition of States: The Collapse of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union, Rich. 4 EJIL 1 36,
<http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol4/No1/art4.html>.
. The Balkan Conflict The Canada Connection <http://balkan.planken.cjb.net/>.
. The Bosnian War and the New World Order, Andreatta, Occasional Papers of the WEU Institute
for Security Studies (Oct. 1997) <http://www.weu.int/institute/occasion/1andreat.htm>.
. The Dayton Agreements and International Law, Paola Gaeta, 7 EJIL 2 147 (1996)
<http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol7/No2/art1.htm>.
. The Opinions of the Badinter Arbitration Committee: A second Breath for the Self-Determination
of Peoples, and Appendix: Opinions No. 1, 2 and 3, Alain Pellet, 3 EJIL 1 178 (1992)
<http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol3/No1/art12.html>.
. The International Response to the Dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia,
Weller, 86 AJIL 3 569 (1992) <>.
. THE WORLD AND YUGOSLAVIA’S WARS, R. H. Ullman editor (1996); The OSU Main Libr.:
DR131.7.D58 W67 1996.
. United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR)
<http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/dpko/co_mission/unprofor.htm>.
. U. N. Secretary-General Reports on Bosnia-Herzegovina (1991-1995)
<http://www.un.org/documents/repsc.htm>.
. U. N. Security Council Resolutions 713 (1991) to 1035 (1995) <
http://www.un.org/documents/scres.htm>.
. YUGOSLAVIA AND AFTER: A STUDY IN FRAGMENTATION, DESPAIR AND REBIRTH, Dyker
and Vejvoda, editors (1996); The OSU Main Libr.: DR 1300.Y84 1996.
Chechnya, Kosovo, Palestine, Taiwan compared
. Convention on the Rights and Duties of States (Inter-American Convention) (1933).- The Avalon
Project < http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/intdip/interam/intam03.htm > .
. Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations
and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, U. N.
General Assembly Resolution 2625, A/RES/2625 (XXV) 1970
< http://ods-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/348/90/IMG/NR034890.pdf?OpenElement > .
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Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
. Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, U. N. General
Assembly Resolution 1514, A/RES/1514 (XV), Dec 14 1960
<http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/c_coloni.htm>
. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, U. N. General Assemby Resolution 2200A,
A/RES/2200A, Dec 16 1965 <http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_ccpr.htm>.
. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Second Optional Protocol, U. N. General
Assembly, A/RES/44/128, Dec 15 1989 <http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_opt2.htm> .
Chechnya
. Battle for Chechnya, BBC Special Report
<http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/europe/newsid_461000/461041.stm>.
. Chechen Republic Online <http://www.amina.com/>
. Chechnya, Jamestown Foundation <http://chechnya.jamestown.org/pub-chweekly.htm>.
. Contested Sovereignty: The Tragedy of Chechnya, Lapidus, 23 INTERNATIONAL SECURITY 1 5
(1998). The O. S. U. Libr., Main: JX1901I55.
. Declaration on Chechnya, European Union Presidency Conclusions, Helsinki European Council
(December 10, 11, 1999) - Federation of American Scientists <http://www.fas.org/man/dod101/ops/war/docs/991211-chechen-eu1.htm>.
. ICRC in Chechnya <http://www.icrc.org/icrceng.nsf/CountryDetails?Readform&Country=Chechnya> .
. International Criminalization of Internal Atrocities, Meron, 89 AJIL 3 554 (1995) <>.
. Russia/Chechnya, Human Rights Watch (March 2001) < http://www.hrw.org/reports/2001/chechnya/ >.
. Second Chechnya War, Federation of American Scientists <http://www.fas.org/man/dod101/ops/war/chechnya2.htm>.
Kosovo
. The Opinions of the Badinter Arbitration Committee: A second Breath for the Self-Determination
of Peoples, and Appendix: Opinions No. 1, 2 and 3, Alain Pellet, 3 EJIL 1 178 (1992)
<http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol3/No1/art12.html>.
. The International Response to the Dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia,
Weller, 86 AJIL 3 569 (1992) <>.
. Kosovo Crisis: History, Bloody History, BBC
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/special_report/1998/kosovo2/newsid_110000/110492.stm> .
. Intermediate Sovereignty As A Basis For Resolving The Kosovo Crisis. ICG Report (November
9, 1998) <http://www.intl-crisis-group.org/projects/showreport.cfm?reportid=171>.
. The Serb-Albanian War and International Community’s Miscalculations, Rama, 2
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ALBANIAN STUDIES 1 (Spring 1998)
<http://www.albanian.com/IJAS/vol2/is1/art1.html >.
. What Does Public International Law Have to Say About Kosovar Independence, Muenzel, in
Kosovo & Yugoslavia: Law in Crisis, Jurist 1999 <http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/simop.htm>.
Palestine
. ONE LAND, TWO PEOPLES: THE CONFLICT OVER PALESTINE, Deborah J. Gerner (1994). Libr.
DS119.7.G425 1994.
. ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT, Ann M. Lesch and Dan
Tschirgi (1998). Libr. DS119.7.L4665 1998.
. The Palestine Problem before the United Nations, Potter, 42 AJIL 4 859 (1948)
<http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-9300%28194810%2942%3C859%3ATPPBTU%3E2.0.CO%3B2-D>.
. The expulsion of the Palestinians re-examined, Dominique Vidal, LE MONDE DIPLOMATIQUE
(December 1997) <http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/en/1997/12/palestine>.
. Question of Palestine, U. N. Peace and Security <http://www.un.org/Depts/dpa/qpal/index.html>.
89 (5 May 1997) Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.
. The Middle East torn asunder, Gresh, Vidal, Pauly, Riviere, Touret, LE MONDE
DIPLOMATIQUE <http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/focus/mideast/>
. U. N. General Assembly Resolution 3236 (Nov 22 1974, right of the Palestinian people to selfdetermination);
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Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
. ECONOMIC, LEGAL, AND DEMOGRAPHIC DIMENSIONS OF ARAB-ISRAELI RELATIONS, Ian
S. Lustick editor (1994) [especially chapter by Henry Cattan, Sabri Jiryis, Ian Lustick, John
Quigley, Amnon Rubinstein, and Thomas R. Stauffer]. Libr.: DS119.7.E23 1994.
. The Chaim Herzog Center for Middle East Studies and Diplomacy, Ben Gurion University, at
<http://www.bgu.ac.il/chcenter/>.
. Right of peoples to Self-Determination, U. N. General Assembly, A/RES/34/44, Nov 23 1979
<http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/db942872b9eae454852560f6005a76fb/dc327a1ac4edc33a852560da006d62b4!Open
Document>; Right of the Palestinian People to Self-Determination, A/RES/54/152, Dec 17, 1999
<http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/db942872b9eae454852560f6005a76fb/bc252ff4a3df85c0852568a30078413d!Open
Document>.
Taiwan
. China’s Perception of the Taiwan Issue, Che-Fu Lee, 32 NESLR 3 (1998)
<http://www.nesl.edu/lawrev/vol32/vol32-3/lee.htm>.
. Is China’s Policy to Use Force against Taiwan a Violation of the Principle of Non-Use of Force
under International Law? Anne Hsiu-An Hsiao, 32 NESLR 3 (1998)
<htpp://www.nesl.edu/lawrev/vol32/vol32-3/Hsiao.htm>.
. Is There a Question of Taiwan in International Law? Lovelace, Jr., 4 HARVARD ASIA
QUARTERLY 3 (2000) <http://www.fas.harvard.edu/%7Easiactr/haq/200003/0003a007.htm>.
. Resolving Cross-Strait Relations between China and Taiwan, Charney and Prescott, 94 AJIL 3
(2000) <>.
. Self-Determination in the Taiwan-China Context, Valerie Epps, 32 NESLR 3 (1998)
<http://www.nesl.edu/lawrev/vol32/vol32-3/epps.htm>.
. Taiwan’s Current International Legal Status, Lung-chu Chen, 32 NESLR 3 (1998)
<http://www.nesl.edu/lawrev/vol32/vol32-3/chen.htm >.
. Taiwan Documents Project <http://newtaiwan.virtualave.net>. 4 2000).
Climate change
. U. N. Framework Convention on Climate Change, <http://www.unfccc.de/index.html>.
. Resources: Guide to the Climate Change Negotiation Process,
<http://www.unfccc.de/resource/process/index.html>. Especially:
. U. N. Framework Convention: The Convention and Kyoto Protocol
<http://www.unfccc.de/resource/convkp.html>:
. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol Full text, <http://www.unfccc.de/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.html>.
. U. N. Framework Convention: Issues in the negotiating process,
<http://www.unfccc.de/issues/index.html>.
. U. N. Framework Convention: Sessions: Conference of the Parties (COP) at its sixth session,
The Hague (Netherlands), November 13-24 2000, <http://cop6.unfccc.int/modules/none.asp?pageid=16>.
. The U. S. positions and other comparative international positions,
<http://www.state.gov/www/global/global_issues/climate/index.html> and <http://www.ec.gc.ca/climate/>.
. Climate crisis, Green Peace International, <http://www.greenpeace.org/~climate/indices/index.html>.
. Globelaw <http://www.globelaw.com>.
. ECO <http://www.igc.apc.org/climate/Eco.html>.
Conflict between the law of the state and international law (LaGrand)
. LaGrand v. Stewart, U. S. District Court for the Ninth Circuit, 133 F. 3d 1253 (9th Cir.), cert.
Denied, 119 S. Ct. 422 (1998). U. S. Courts for the Ninth Circuit,
<http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/ca9/newopinions.nsf/04485f8dcbd4e1ea882569520074e698/aa2ae1dbe791cb288825695800
6e98bc?OpenDocument&Highlight=2,LaGrand>.
. Death Penalty website, Cornell University Legal Information Institute
<http://www.law.cornell.edu/topics/death_penalty.html> See especially: Cornell Law School Death Penalty
Project, Liebman Study - A Broken System: Error Rates in Capital Cases, 1973-1995.
. Agora: Breard, Charney, Reisman et al., 92 AJIL 4 666 (1998) <http://www.asil.org/ajil984.htm>.
. LaGrand (Germany v. U. S.), Judgment of June 27, 2001, International Court of Justice
10
Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
<http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/decisions.htm>.
. 1963 Convention on Consular Relations, and Optional Protocol, International Law Commission
<http://www.un.org/law/ilc/texts/consul.htm>.
. Breard and Treaty-Based Rights under the Consular Convention, Paust, 92 AJIL 4 691 (1998),
<http://www.asil.org/ajil984.htm>.
Convention against Torture
. Torture, Henry Shue, 7 PHILOSOPHY AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS 2, 124 (1978) Libr.: H1.954.
. Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
(1984, 1987) < http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/h_cat39.htm >:
-Status of Ratifications < http://www.unhchr.ch/pdf/report.pdf >,
-Declarations and Reservations < http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/treaty12_asp.htm >,
-Committee against Torture (CAT) < http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu2/6/cat.htm >:
CAT concludes thirtieth session (May 16 2003)
< http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/NewsRoom?OpenFrameSet > ,
CAT State Party Reports:
Turkey (Jul 22 2002) < http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/CAT.C.20.Add.8.En?OpenDocument >,
Egypt (Oct 18 2001) < http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/CAT.C.55.Add.6.En?Opendocument >,
Russia (Oct 15 2001)< http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/CAT.C.34.Add.15.En?Opendocument > ,
Uzbekistan (Nov 16 2001) < http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/CAT.C.53.Add.1.En?Opendocument >,
Indonesia (July 16 2001) < http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/CAT.C.47.Add.3.En?Opendocument > ,
Israel (July 4 2001) < http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/CAT.C.54.Add.1.En?Opendocument >,
China (January 5 2000) < http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/CAT.C.39.Add.2.En?OpenDocument > ,
U. S. (Feb 5 2000) < http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/CAT.C.28.Add.5.En?OpenDocument > ,
U. K. (Jul 20 1998)< http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/CAT.C.53.Add.1.En?Opendocument > ,
France (Oct 10 1997) < http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/CAT.C.17.Add.18.En?OpenDocument > ,
. Inter-American to Prevent and Punish Culture, Organization of American States
< http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/Treaties/a-51.html >.
. Filartiga v. Pena-Irala, U. S. Court of Appeals, 2nd Cir., June 30 1980, Judicial Decisions, 75
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1, 149 (1981) Libr.: JX27.A5.
. European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or
Punishment (1987) < http://www.hrcr.org/docs/Eur_Conv_Torture/eurotort2.html >.
. http://www.austlii.edu.au/
. http://stars.coe.fr/doc/doc97/edoc7784.htm
. International Efforts to Combat Torture and Inhuman Treatment, Roland Bank, 8 EUROPEAN
JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 4 (1997)
< http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol8/No4/index.html >.
. Stop Torture, Amnesty International USA < http://www.amnestyusa.org/stoptorture/ >.
. On a Hierarchy of International Human Rights, T. Meron, n AMERICAN JOURNAL OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW 4 (1986) Libr.: JX27.A5.
. A Controversial Declaration on the United Nations Convention Against TortureMassimo Coccia,
1 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1 (1990)
< http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol1/No1/index.html >.
. U. S. Report pursuant to the Convention against Torture, submitted on Oct 15, 1999, Committee
against Torture, CAT/C/28/Add.5 (February 9 2000)
< http://193.194.138.190/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/CAT.C.28.Add.5.En?OpenDocument >. See also U. S. Department
of State former site on Democracy, Human Rights and Labor
< http://www.state.gov/www/global/human_rights/torture_toc99.html > .
. Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law, Sean D. Murphy, 94
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 2, 357 (2000) Libr.: .
. Restatement (Third), Section 701 (Obligation to Respect Human Rights), Section 702
(Customary International Law of Human Rights), Section 703 (Remedies for Violations of Human
Rights Obligations), Section 711 (Injury to Nationals of Other States), Section 713 (Remedies for
Injury to National of Other States) Libr.: KF4651.R47 1987.
. U. S. Code, Title 18, Crimes and Criminal procedure, Chapter 113C, Torture
11
Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
< http://www.access.gpo.gov/uscode/uscmain.html >:
Eritrea/Ethiopia
. Ethiopia and Eritrea U. N. Peace and Security, Current Peacekeeping Operations
<http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/unmee/body_unmee.htm>.
. Ethiopia Eritrea Conflict Organization of African Unity
<http://www.synapse.net/~acdi20/oua3/internet_reso/comtemp/erit-ethio/index1.htm>.
. Ethiopia / Eritrea War, Federation of American Scientists - Military Analysis Network
<http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/ops/war/eritrea.htm>.
. Self-Defense and the Rule of Law, Schachter, 83 AJIL 2 259 (1989) .
. The Disputed Border BBC News
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/special_report/1999/07/99/battle_in_the_horn/newsid_396000/396571.stm> .
. The Truth of the Eritrea-Ethiopia Conflict, Dehai <http://www.dehai.org/>.
. U. N. Security Council Resolutions 1177 (1998) (June 26), 1226 (1999) (January 29), 1227
(1999) (February 10), 1297 (2000) (May 12), 1298 (May 17), 1312 (July 31), 1320 (2000)
(September 15)
< http://www.un.org/documents/scres.htm >.
. Roots of the Eritrea-Ethiopia War: A Fact Sheet, ReliefWeb, July 28 2000
< http://www.reliefweb.int/w/rwb.nsf/0/05c7019ad397bec9c1256990003555c9?OpenDocument > .
. Ethiopia-Eritrea War, FAS Military Analysis Network
< http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/ops/war/eritrea.htm >.
. The War Between Ethiopia and Eritrea, Patrick Gilkes and Martin Plaut, 5 FOREIGN POLICY IN
FOCUS 25 (August 2000) < http://www.foreignpolicy-infocus.org/briefs/vol5/v5n25eritethiop.html >.
Establishing and challenging the ICJ jurisdiction
. The International Court of Justice after Fifty Years, R. Y. Jennings, 89 AJIL 3 493 (1995) <>.
. I.C.J. Basic Documents: Constitutive Instruments <http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/ibasicdocuments.htm>.
. Nuclear Test Case (Australia v. France), Judgment ICJ 1974 <http://www.icjcij.org/icjwww/idecisions/isummaries/iafsummary741220.htm>.
. Word Made Law: The Decision of the ICJ in the Nuclear Test Cases, Franck, 69 AJIL 3 612
(1975) <>.
. Case concerning U. S. diplomatic and consular staff in Tehran (U. S. v. Iran) (Provisional
Measures) - Order of December 15 1979, ICJ 1979, 74 AJIL 1 266 (1980) <>.
. Case Concerning United States Diplomatic and Consulat Staff in Tehran: Phase of Provisional
Measures, by Leo Gross, 74 AJIL 2 395 (1980) <>.
. Case concerning military and paramilitary activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v.
U. S.) - Nicaragua Case (Provisional Measures), Order of May 10 1984, 78 AJIL 3 750 (1984) <>.
. (Jurisdiction and Admissibility) - Judgment of November 26 1984 <http://www.icjcij.org/icjwww/idecisions/isummaries/inussummary841126.htm>.
. Questions of interpretation and application of the 1971 Montreal Convention arising from the
aerial incident at Lockerbie (Libya v. U.S./U.K.) - Lockerbie Case - Order of April 14 1992; and
Judgment of February 27 1998 [Preliminary Objections (Jurisdiction and Admissibility)]
<http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/idocket/ilus/ilusframe.htm>.
From Nurmberg to The Hague
. Judgment of the International Military Tribunal for the Trial of German Major War Criminals
< http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/imt/proc/judcont.htm >.
. Principles of International Law Recognized in the Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal and in the
Judgment of the Tribunal, International Law Commission (1950)
< http://www.un.org/law/ilc/texts/nurnfra.htm >.
. The Nuremberg War Crimes Trials, The Avalon Project of the Yale Law School
< http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/imt/imt.htm >.
. International Criminal Court < http://www.icc-cpi.int/php/show.php?id=home&l=EN >:
12
Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
-Statute < http://www.icc-cpi.int/docs/basicdocs/rome_statute(e).html >, see especially Part 2, Jurisdiction,
Admissibility, and Applicable Law (Articles 5, 6, 7, 8 for the categories of crimes).
. International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)
< http://www.un.org/icty/index.html >.
. International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) < http://www.ictr.org/ >.
. Judgment of the International Military Tribunal for the Trial of German Major War Criminals
<http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/imt/proc/judcont.htm>.
. Nuremberg Revisited: The Tadic Case, Jose E. Alvarez, 7 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW 2, 245 (1996).
. Principles of International Law Recognized in the Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal and in the
Judgment of the Tribunal, International Law Commission (1950)
<http://www.un.org/law/ilc/texts/nurnfra.htm>.
. The International Tribunal for Violations of International Humanitarian Law in the Former
Yugoslavia, J. C. O’Brien, 87 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 4, 639 (1993).
. The law of the Nuremberg trial, Wright, 41 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
1 38 (1947).
. The Nuremberg trial and international law, Finch, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL
LAW 41/1 20 (1947).
. The Nuremberg trial and the international law of the future, Schick, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW 41 AMERICAN
JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 4 770 (1947).
. The Nuremberg War Crimes Trials, The Avalon Project of the Yale Law School, at
<http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/imt/imt.htm>.
. War Crimes in Yugoslavia and the Development of International Law, by Theodor Meron, 88
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1, 78 (1994).
Geneva Conventions
. An Appeal for Ratification by the U. S. (of Protocol I Additional), Gasser, 81 AMERICAN
JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 4 912 (1987)
. Acts of Terror, Terrorism, and International Humanitarian Law, Hans-Peter Gasser, 847
INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF THE RED CROSS 547 (2002)
< http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList521/53BBDCD7DBD2A31941256C6800302FF0 > .
. ARMED CONFLICT AND THE NEW LAW: ASPECTS OF THE 1977 GENEVA PROTOCOLS AND
THE 1981 WEAPONS CONVENTION, Meyer editor (1989) Libr.: JX4511.A75.
. CAUGHT IN CONFLICTS: CIVILIAN VICTIMES, HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE, AND
INTERNATIONAL LAW, Sandvik-Nylund (1998) Libr.: KZ6515.S26 1998.
. Environmental damage in times of armed conflict, not ‘really’ a matter of criminal
responsibility?, Thilo Marauhn, 840 INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF THE RED CROSS 1029 (2000)
< http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList180/0C1A08B721BAE63EC1256B66005F376D > .
. Geneva Conventions of 1949 and 1977 Protocols, ICRC
< http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/WebCONVFULL?OpenView > :
-States Parties and Signatories < http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/WebPAYS?OpenView >.
. International Humanitarian Law in Brief, ICRC
< http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList2/Humanitarian_law:IHL_in_brief#listanchor2 > :
-What is Humanitarian Law < >,
-History of Humanitarian Law < http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/57JQ3W?OpenDocument > ,
-Basic Rules < http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList104/B14FDBD9E3BCB51FC1256B66005950E2 >,
-Provisions common to the Four Conventions and Protocol I
< http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList104/EF45A8E99219406AC1256B660059511B > ,
-National implementation
< http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList2/Humanitarian_law:National_implementation > .
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Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
. Jus ad Bellum and Jus in Bello after September 11, Steven Ratner, 96 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW 4, 905 (2002) v. JSTOR or at Library: .
. Just War, War of Aggression, and International Humanitarian Law, Francois Bugnion, 847
INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF THE RED CROSS 523 (2002)
< http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList521/FBC568444422AE6C41256C68003242A2 > .
. New wars, new weapons? The obligation of states to assess the legalityof means and methods of
warfare, Isabelle Daoust, Robin Coupland, and Rikke Ishoey, 846 INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF
THE RED CROSS 345 (2002)
< http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList501/B12DB125E37B11C6C1256BF900309A80 > .
. Prolonged Military Occupation: The Israeli-Occupied Territories Since 1967, A. Roberts, 84
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1 44 (1990)
. Prospects for U. S. Ratification of Additional Protocol I to the 1949 Geneva Conventions,
Aldrich, 85 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1 1 (1991).
. State Responsibility for Violations of International Humanitarian Law, Marco Sassoli, 846
INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF THE RED CROSS 401 (2002)
< http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList501/BFB98C391C49E4FFC1256BFA002A6082 > .
. The Geneva Conventions as Customary Law, Meron, 81 AJIL 2 348 (1987)
. The Time Has Come for the U. S. to Ratify Geneva Protocol I, T. Meron, 88 AMERICAN
JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 4 678 (1994)
. Wars of national liberation and the laws of war, Avi-Saab, in HUMANITARIAN LAW (Gardam
editor 1999) Libr.: KZ6471.H859.
. Women, Armed Conflict and International Law, Helen Durhan, 847 INTERNATIONAL REVIEW
OF THE RED CROSS 655 (2002)
< http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList521/B08F4F79CF15825741256C680035DBD0 >.
. Zero-casualty warfare, A. P. V. Rogers, 837 INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF THE RED CROSS
165 (2000) < http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList177/A41F49D9F3CE3756C1256B66005E3594 >.
Immunity of United Nations personnel
. About the United Nations: Introduction to the Structure and Work of the U. N.: (1) U. N. History,
(2) U. N. Charter (Preamble, Articles 1, 2), (3) U. N. in Brief <http://www.un.org/aboutun/>.
. The United Nations Charter, Finch, 39 AJIL 3 542 (1945)
. International Law and the Charter of the United Nations, Eagleton, 39 AJIL 4 751 (1945)
. Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (1946), 43 AJIL 1,
Supplement: Official Documents 1 (Jan. 1949)
. The International Organizations Immunity Act, Preuss, 40 AJIL 2 332 (1946)
. Immunity of Officers and Employees of the United Nations for Official Acts: The Ranallo Case,
41 AJIL 3 555 (1947)
. Privileges and Immunities of International Organizations, Kunz, 41 AJIL 4 828 (1947)
. Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service on the United Nations, Yuen-Li Liang, 43 AJIL 3
460 (1949)
. The Jural Personality of the United Nations, Quincy Wright, 43 AJIL 3 509 (1949)
. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights <ht//unhchr.ch/html/menu2/2/chr.htm>.
. Malaysia, Human Rights Watch, <http://www.hrw.org/wr2k1/asia/malaysia.html>.
. Malaysia, Amnesty International
<http://web.amnesty.org/ai.nsf/countries/malaysia?OpenView&Start=1&Count=30&Expandall> .
. U. N. Commission on Human Rights < http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu2/2/chr.htm>.
. Difference relating to immunity from legal process of a special rapporteur of the U. N.
Commission on Human Rights (Advisory Opinion), 1999 ICJ <http://www.icjcij.org/icjwww/idocket/inuma/inumaframe.htm>.
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966), entered into force March 23, 1976
14
Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
U. N. Office of the High Commission for Human Rights
< http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_ccpr.htm >; Id., the University of Minnesota Human Rights
Library < http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/b3ccpr.htm >; Id., U. S. Department of State, Electronic
Research Collections < http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/law/Covenant94/ >.
. Declarations and Reservations of States Parties to the Convention, U. N. Office of the High
Commission for Human Rights < http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/treaty5_asp.htm >.
. The U. N. Human Rights Committee (Covenant’s monitoring body)
< http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu2/6/hrc.htm > :
-Fact Sheet 2, rev.1, The International Bill of Human Rights
< http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu6/2/fs2.htm > .
. THE INTERNATIONAL BILL OF RIGHTS, L. Henkin editor (1981)
. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, U. N. General Assembly 217A (III) (Dec 10, 1948)
< http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html >.
. Human Rights in Law’s Empire: The Jurisprudence of War, Tom Farer, 85 AMERICAN
JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1, 117 (1991)
Iraq/Kuwait (1990/91), Kosovo/Yugoslavia/NATO (1998-1999),
Iraq/U.S./U/K. (2002/03) compared
Iraq/Kuwait (1990/91)
. U. N. Security Council Resolution 678 (November 29, 1990) [authorizing U. N. member states to
use all necessary means to uphold and implement Resolution 660 (1990) and to restore peace and
security in the area (Kuwait/Iraq)] < http://ods-ddsny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/575/28/IMG/NR057528.pdf?OpenElement > .
. U. N.Police action in lieu of war: “The old order changeth”, T. M. Franck, 85 AMERICAN
JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1, 63 (1991).
. United Nations law in the Gulf conflict, Oscar Schachter, 85 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW 3, 452 (1991).
. Security Council Resolution 678 and Persian Guld decision making: precarious legitimacy,
Weston, 85 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 3, 516 (1991).
. Between Unilateralism and Collective Security: Authorizations of the Use of Force by the
Security Council, Helmut Freudenschub, 5 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 4,
492 < http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol5/No4/index.html >.
. From Unity to Polarization: International Law and the Use of Force against Iraq, Christine
Gray, 13 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1 (2002)
< http://ejil.org/journal/Vol13/No1/ >.
Kosovo (1998/99)
. Selected Documents of the U. N. Security Council concerning Kosovo
<http://un.org/peace/kosovo/sc_kosovo.htm>: [a] S/RES/1160, March 31, 1998
<http://www.un.org/Docs/scres/1998/sres1160.htm>; [b] S/RES/1199, September 23, 1998
<http://www.un.org/Docs/scres/1998/sres1199.htm>;.[c] S/RES/1244, June 10, 1999
<http://www.un.org/Docs/scres/1999/99sc1244.htm>;
. NATO’s North Atlantic Council activation warning (ACTWARN), September 24, 1998, at
<http://www.nato.int/docu/pr/1998/p980924e.htm>
. NATO Secretary-General, Press Statements (March 23, 1999) <http://www.nato.int/docu/pr/1999/p99040e.htm>, (March 24 1999) <http://www.nato.int/docu/pr/1999/p99-041e.htm>
. North Atlantic Council, Statement on Kosovo, <http://www.nato.int/docu/pr/1999/p99-012e.htm>.
. NATO Action against Serbian Military Targets Prompts Divergent Views as Security Council
Holds Urgent Meeting on Situation in Kosovo U. N. Press Release SC/6657 (March 24 1999)
< http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/1999/19990324.sc6657.html > .
. Security Council Rejects Demand for Cessation of Use of Force against Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia, U. N. Press Release SC/6659 (March 26 1999)
< http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/1999/19990326.sc6659.html > .
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Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
. Legality of the Use of Force (Yugoslavia v. Belgium et al. (NATO)), International Court of Justice
1999, Request for the Indication of Provisional Measures, Order, June 2 1999) <http://www.icjcij.org/icjwww/idocket/iybe/iybeframe.htm>.
. Operation Allied Force, Military Analysis Network, Federation of American Scientists
< http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/ops/allied_force.htm >.
. World Court Rejects Yugoslav Requests to Enjoin Ten NATO Members from Bombing
Yugoslavia, Bekker and Borgen, ASIL Insight (June 1999) <http://www.asil.org/insigh36.htm>.
. Contemporary Practice of the United State. Legal Regulation of the Use of Force. Kosovo: Air
Strikes against Serbia, Murphy, 93 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 3 628 -and
President’s Authority to Launch Air Strikes id. at 635 (July 1999).
. Kosovo and the Law of Humanitarian Intervention, Louis Henkin, 93 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW 4 824 (1999).
. Is the Authorization Authorized? Powers and Practice of the U. N. Security Council to Authorize
the Use of Force by ‘Coalitions of the Able and Willing’, Niels Blokker, 11 EUROPEAN JOURNAL
OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 3 (2000) < http://ejil.org/journal/Vol11/No3/ >.
. Kosovo Crisis: History, Bloody History
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/special_report/1998/kosovo2/newsid_110000/110492.stm> ; and Kosovo Crisis
Background: Roots of the Conflict, BBC News Reports
<http://news2.thls.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/special%5Freport/1998/kosovo2/newsid%5F305000/305008.stm>.
. NATO, the U. N., and the Use of Force, Bruno Simma, 10 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW 1 (1999) < http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol10/No1/index.html >.
. Operation Allied Force and the Legal Basis for Humanitarian Intervention, Robert Tomes, 30
PARAMETERS 1 (2000) <http://carlisle-www.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/00spring/tomes.htm>.
. The Serb-Albanian War and International Community’s Miscalculations, Rama, 2
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ALBANIAN STUDIES 1 (Spring 1998)
<http://www.albanian.com/IJAS/vol2/is1/art1.html>.
. Kosovo and the Law of Humanitarian Intervention, Louis Henkin, 93 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW 4 824 (1999)
Iraq (2003)
. Situations in Iraq, Middle East, Afghanistan, Balkans, Africa, among key issues before Security
Council in 2002, U. N. Press Release SC/7632, January 14 2003
< http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/sc7632.doc.htm > .
. Joint Resolution on Authorization of Military Force (Public Law 107-40), Oct 11 2002
< http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/11/national/11IRES-WEB.html?ex=1056340800&en=8d7761e1f629dfe6&ei=5070 > .
. U. N. Security Council Resolution 1441 (2002), November 8, 2002
< http://ods-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N02/682/26/PDF/N0268226.pdf?OpenElement > ;
< http://www.state.gov/p/nea/rls/15016.htm >.
also at
. Iraq accepts U. N. Security Council Resolution, BBC News, Nov 14 2002
< http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2465463.stm >.
. A Skeptical U. N.: Support Ebbs for U. S. War Plans. Karen DeYoung, The Washington Post,
January 19 2003 < http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&node=&contentId=A121822003Jan18&notFound=true >.
. Security Council Briefed by Chief U. N. Weapons Experts, U. N. Press Release SC/7644, January
27 2003 < http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/sc7644.doc.htm >.
. U. S. Secretary of State dismisses U. N.’s Iraq report, Mark Lander and Alan Cowell, The New
York Times, Jan 27 2003 < http://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/27/international/middleeast/27IRAQ.html >.
. Blix Says He Saw Nothing to Prompt a War, Judith Miller and Julia Preston, The New York
Times, Jan 31 2003 < http://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/31/international/middleeast/31BLIX.html >.
. France, Germany, and Russia: war is unjustified, John Lichfield and Anne Penketh, The
Independent, Feb 11 2003 < http://news.independent.co.uk/world/politics/story.jsp?story=377364 >.
. Security Council debates the question of Iraq, the majority of nations oppose the use of force:
-U. N. Press Release SC/7665, Feb 18 2003 < http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/sc7665.doc.htm >,
-U. N. Press Release SC/7666, Feb 19 2003 < http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/sc7666.doc.htm >.
. Security Council holds first debate on Iraq since start of military action, speakers call for halt to
aggression, immmediate withdrawal, U. N. Press Release SC/7705 (March 26, 2003)
16
Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
< http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/sc7705.doc.htm > .
. U. N. Security Council Resolution 1472 (2003) March 28, 2003
< http://ods-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N03/302/09/PDF/N0330209.pdf?OpenElement >.
. U. N. Security Council Resolution 1483 (2003) May 22 2003
< http://ods-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N03/368/53/PDF/N0336853.pdf?OpenElement > ;
SC/7765 < http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/sc7765.doc.htm >.
see Press Release
Korea (1951), Iraq (1991), Kosovo (1999), Iraq (2002) compared
Korea (1951)
. Legal Aspects of the Situation in Korea, Pitman B. Potter, 44 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW 4, 709 (1950).
. Legality of the Security Council Resolutions of June 25 and 27, 1950, J. L. Kunz, 45 THE
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1, 37 (1951).
. Report of the United Nations Commission on Korea (December 15 1949 to September 4 1950)
< http://oll.temple.edu/hist249/course/Documents/report_of_the_united_nations_com.htm >.
. The Korean War documents page, Ferraro, Mountholyoke College
< http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/korea/korea.htm >.
. The Korean War: How It Started, Korean War Project < http://www.kwp.org/html/kdata/zveda.htm >.
. The Korean War: On What Legal Basis Did Truman Act?, Louis Fisher, 89 THE AMERICAN
JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1, 21 (1995).
. The United States Reaction to the Korean Attack, E. C. Hoyt, 55 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW 1, 45 (1961).
. The ‘Uniting for Peace Resolution’ of the United Nations, L. H. Woolsey, 45 THE AMERICAN
JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1, 129 (1951).
. Uniting for Peace, U. N. General Assembly , 45 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW (Supplement) 1, 1 (1951).
Iraq/Kuwait (1990/91)
. U. N. Security Council Resolution 678 (November 29, 1990) [authorizing U. N. member states to
use all necessary means to uphold and implement Resolution 660 (1990) and to restore peace and
security in the area (Kuwait/Iraq)] < http://ods-ddsny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/575/28/IMG/NR057528.pdf?OpenElement >.
. U. N. Police action in lieu of war: “The old order changeth”, T. M. Franck, 85 AMERICAN
JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1, 63 (1991).
. United Nations law in the Gulf conflict, Oscar Schachter, 85 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW 3, 452 (1991).
. Security Council Resolution 678 and Persian Guld decision making: precarious legitimacy,
Weston, 85 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 3, 516 (1991).
. Between Unilateralism and Collective Security: Authorizations of the Use of Force by the
Security Council, Helmut Freudenschub, 5 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 4,
492 < http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol5/No4/index.html >.
. From Unity to Polarization: International Law and the Use of Force against Iraq, Christine
Gray, 13 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1 (2002)
< http://ejil.org/journal/Vol13/No1/ >.
Kosovo (1998/99)
. Selected Documents of the U. N. Security Council concerning Kosovo
<http://un.org/peace/kosovo/sc_kosovo.htm>: [a] S/RES/1160, March 31, 1998
<http://www.un.org/Docs/scres/1998/sres1160.htm>; [b] S/RES/1199, September 23, 1998
<http://www.un.org/Docs/scres/1998/sres1199.htm>;.[c] S/RES/1244, June 10, 1999
<http://www.un.org/Docs/scres/1999/99sc1244.htm>;
. NATO’s North Atlantic Council activation warning (ACTWARN), September 24, 1998, at
<http://www.nato.int/docu/pr/1998/p980924e.htm>
. NATO Secretary-General, Press Statements (March 23, 1999) <http://www.nato.int/docu/pr/1999/p99040e.htm>, (March 24 1999) <http://www.nato.int/docu/pr/1999/p99-041e.htm>
17
Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
. North Atlantic Council, Statement on Kosovo, <http://www.nato.int/docu/pr/1999/p99-012e.htm>.
. NATO Action against Serbian Military Targets Prompts Divergent Views as Security Council
Holds Urgent Meeting on Situation in Kosovo U. N. Press Release SC/6657 (March 24 1999)
< http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/1999/19990324.sc6657.html > .
. Security Council Rejects Demand for Cessation of Use of Force against Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia, U. N. Press Release SC/6659 (March 26 1999)
< http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/1999/19990326.sc6659.html > .
. Legality of the Use of Force (Yugoslavia v. Belgium et al. (NATO)), International Court of Justice
1999, Request for the Indication of Provisional Measures, Order, June 2 1999) <http://www.icjcij.org/icjwww/idocket/iybe/iybeframe.htm>.
. Operation Allied Force, Military Analysis Network, Federation of American Scientists
< http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/ops/allied_force.htm >.
. World Court Rejects Yugoslav Requests to Enjoin Ten NATO Members from Bombing
Yugoslavia, Bekker and Borgen, ASIL Insight (June 1999) <http://www.asil.org/insigh36.htm>.
. Contemporary Practice of the United State. Legal Regulation of the Use of Force. Kosovo: Air
Strikes against Serbia, Murphy, 93 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 3 628 -and
President’s Authority to Launch Air Strikes id. at 635 (July 1999).
. Kosovo and the Law of Humanitarian Intervention, Louis Henkin, 93 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW 4 824 (1999).
. Is the Authorization Authorized? Powers and Practice of the U. N. Security Council to Authorize
the Use of Force by ‘Coalitions of the Able and Willing’, Niels Blokker, 11 EUROPEAN JOURNAL
OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 3 (2000) < http://ejil.org/journal/Vol11/No3/ >.
. Kosovo Crisis: History, Bloody History
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/special_report/1998/kosovo2/newsid_110000/110492.stm> ; and Kosovo Crisis
Background: Roots of the Conflict, BBC News Reports
<http://news2.thls.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/special%5Freport/1998/kosovo2/newsid%5F305000/305008.stm>.
. NATO, the U. N., and the Use of Force, Bruno Simma, 10 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW 1 (1999) < http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol10/No1/index.html >.
. Operation Allied Force and the Legal Basis for Humanitarian Intervention, Robert Tomes, 30
PARAMETERS 1 (2000) <http://carlisle-www.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/00spring/tomes.htm>.
. The Serb-Albanian War and International Community’s Miscalculations, Rama, 2
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ALBANIAN STUDIES 1 (Spring 1998)
<http://www.albanian.com/IJAS/vol2/is1/art1.html>.
Iraq (2003)
. Situations in Iraq, Middle East, Afghanistan, Balkans, Africa, among key issues before Security
Council in 2002, U. N. Press Release SC/7632, January 14 2003
< http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/sc7632.doc.htm >.
. Joint Resolution on Authorization of Military Force (Public Law 107-40), Oct 11 2002
< http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/11/national/11IRES-WEB.html?ex=1056340800&en=8d7761e1f629dfe6&ei=5070 > .
. U. N. Security Council Resolution 1441 (2002), November 8, 2002
< http://ods-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N02/682/26/PDF/N0268226.pdf?OpenElement > ;
< http://www.state.gov/p/nea/rls/15016.htm >.
also at
. Iraq accepts U. N. Security Council Resolution, BBC News, Nov 14 2002
< http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2465463.stm >.
. A Skeptical U. N.: Support Ebbs for U. S. War Plans. Karen DeYoung, The Washington Post,
January 19 2003 < http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&node=&contentId=A121822003Jan18&notFound=true >.
. Security Council Briefed by Chief U. N. Weapons Experts, U. N. Press Release SC/7644, January
27 2003 < http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/sc7644.doc.htm >.
. U. S. Secretary of State dismisses U. N.’s Iraq report, Mark Lander and Alan Cowell, The New
York Times, Jan 27 2003 < http://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/27/international/middleeast/27IRAQ.html >.
. Blix Says He Saw Nothing to Prompt a War, Judith Miller and Julia Preston, The New York
Times, Jan 31 2003 < http://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/31/international/middleeast/31BLIX.html >.
. France, Germany, and Russia: war is unjustified, John Lichfield and Anne Penketh, The
Independent, Feb 11 2003 < http://news.independent.co.uk/world/politics/story.jsp?story=377364 >.
18
Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
. Security Council debates the question of Iraq, the majority of nations oppose the use of force:
-U. N. Press Release SC/7665, Feb 18 2003 < http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/sc7665.doc.htm >,
-U. N. Press Release SC/7666, Feb 19 2003 < http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/sc7666.doc.htm >.
. Security Council holds first debate on Iraq since start of military action, speakers call for halt to
aggression, immmediate withdrawal, U. N. Press Release SC/7705 (March 26, 2003)
< http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/sc7705.doc.htm > .
. U. N. Security Council Resolution 1472 (2003) March 28, 2003
< http://ods-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N03/302/09/PDF/N0330209.pdf?OpenElement > .
. U. N. Security Council Resolution 1483 (2003) May 22 2003
< http://ods-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N03/368/53/PDF/N0336853.pdf?OpenElement >; see Press Release
SC/7765 < http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/sc7765.doc.htm >.
Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons.
. Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, International Court of Justice (1996),
Advisory Opinion < >:
. Advisory Opinion (July 8, 1996).
. Dissenting Opinions of Judge Schwebel and Judge Higgins).
. Dissenting Opinions of Judge Weeramantry and Judge Koroma).
. ICJ 1996 Written Pleadings
<http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/icases/iunan/iunan_ipleadings/iunan_ipleadings_writtenpleadingstoc.htm >.
. ICJ 1996 Oral Pleadings
< http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/icases/iunan/iUNAN_cr/iUNAN_icr_toc.htm >.
. The World Court and Jus Cogens, Gordon A. Christensen, 81 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW 1 (1987).
. The Continuing Role of Custom in the Formation of International Humanitarian Law, Theodor
Meron, 90 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 2 (1996).
. Univeral International Law, Jonathan I. Charney, 87 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW 4 (1993).
. The Nature of Customary International Law, Josef L. Kunz, 47 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW 4 (1953).
Maritime boundaries
. Convention on the Law of the Sea, <http://www.un.org/Depts/los/losconv1.htm>.
. International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea <http://www.un.org/Depts/los/ITLOS/ITLOShome.htm>.
. Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Settlement of Disputes
<http://www.un.org/Depts/los/los_disp.htm#SD>.
. INTERNATIONAL MARITIME BOUNDARIES [Charney and Alexander, eds. (1993) Libr.:
JX4144.5.I57 1993.
. 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea,
<http://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/convention_overview_convention.htm> .
. 1984 Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Maine Area (Canada/United States of
America) (1981-1984) Merits - Judgment of 12 October 1984 - International Court of Justice 1984
- Case Summary <http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/idecisions/isummaries/icigmsummary841012.htm>.
. Maritime delimitation in the area between Greenland and Jan Mayen (Denmark v. Norway) Judgment, ICJ 1993 <ttp://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/Icases/igjm/igjmframe.htm>.
. Land and maritime boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria (Cameroon v. Nigeria) Application by Cameroon, ICJ 1994 <http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/idocket/icn/icnframe.htm>.
. Ocean boundaries between nations, Charney, 78 AJIL 3 582 (1984) <>.
. Progress in international maritime boundary delimitation law, Charney, 88 AJIL 2 227 (1994),
<http://www.jstor.org/cgi-bin/jstor/listjournal/00029300?config=jstor>.
. The roles of equity, Nelson, 84 AJIL 4 837 (1990) <>.
. Central East Asian maritime boundaries, Charney, 89 AJIL 4 724 (1995), <>.
Missile defense and the law of outer space
19
Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
. Agreement Governing the Activities of States in the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies,
A/RES/34/68 (Dec 5 1979) <http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/SpaceLaw/moon.htm>.
. Banning the Bomb in Outer Space, Garthoff, 5 IS 3 25 (1980-1981).
. Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of
the Outer Space, A/RES/1962 (XVIII), Dec 13 1963 <http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/SpaceLaw/lpostxt.htm>.
. International Cooperation in the Pecaeful Uses of the Outer Space, U. N. General Assembly
Resolutions, A/RES/55/122 and precedent <http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/SpaceLaw/gares/index.html>.
. Lasers, Charged-Particle Beams, and the Strategic Future, Snow, 95 PSQ 2 277 (1980).
. Legal Restraints in Modern Arms Control Agreements, Stein, 66 AJIL 2 255 (1972).
. National Missile Defense: What Does it All Mean? Center for Defense Information, Ballistic
Missile Defense, Issue Brief in PDF (Aug 2000) <http://www.cdi.org/issues/bmd/>.
. National Missile Defense, the ABM Treaty and the Future of START II
<http://www.armscontrol.org/EVENTS/12799.htm>. See especially START/ABM Backgrounder
. Office for Outer Space Affairs < http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/SpaceLaw/spacelaw.htm>.
. President Announces Delay of National Missile Defenses, President William Jefferson Clinton
(September 1 2000) <http://www.ceip.org/files/projects/npp/resources/Presidentdelaysnmd.htm>.
. Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space, U. N. General Assembly Resolutions A/RES/55/32
(2001), A/RES/54/53 (1999), A/RES/52/37 (1997), A/RES/50/69 (1996), A/RES/49/74 (1995),
A/RES/48/74 (1994) < http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/SpaceLaw/gares/index.html>.
. Principles Relating to Remote Sensing of the Earth from Outer Space, A/RES/41/65 (Dec 3
1986) <http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/SpaceLaw/rstxt.htm>.
. Satellites and Anti-Satellites: The Limits of the Possible, Carter, 10 IS 4 46 (1986).
. Text ABM Treaty U. S.-USSR 1972 <http://www.ceip.org/files/projects/npp/resources/ABMtext.htm>.
. Treaty Interpretation by the Executive Branch: The ABM Treaty and Star Wars Testing and
Development, Kennedy, 80 AJIL 4 854 (1986).
. Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer
Space, UNGAR 2222, Dec 19 1966 <http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/SpaceLaw/gares/html/gares_21_2222.html>.
. The ABM Treaty Interpretation Resolution. 82 AJIL 1 151 (1988). <>.
. The Legality of Naval Cruise Missiles, O’Connell, 66 AJIL 4 785 (1972) <>.
. U. S. National Defense Policy and the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, Hearing before the
Committee on Armed Services, U. S. House of Representatives, 106th Congress, 1st Session (Oct
13 1999) <http://commdocs.house.gov/committees/security/has286000.000/has286000_0f.htm>.
Negotiating the NPT indefinite extension
. NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION AND THE LEGALITY OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS, Evan
and Nanda editors (1995), The OSU Libr., Law and Main: JX1974.73.N8145 1995.
. THE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS, Glasstone and Dolan, for the U. S. Department of
Defense (1977), The OSU Libr., Main: UF767.E33 1977.
. INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC POLICY DURING A DECADE; A HISTORICAL POLITICAL
INVESTIGATION INTO THE PROBLEM OF ATOMIC WEAPONS DURING THE PERIOD
1944-1955, by Elis Biorklund (1956), The OSU Libr., Main: JX1974.B51.
. Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, U. N. Department of Disarmament Affairs
(UNDDA) <http://www.un.org/Depts/dda/WMD/npttext.html#home>.
. The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Firmage, 64 AJIL 4 711 (1969) .
. NPT Review Process 1970-1995, UNDDA, <http://www.un.org/Depts/dda/WMD/nptrev.html#review>.
. NPT Chronology of Events, UNDDA <http://www.un.org/Depts/dda/WMD/nptchrono.html#home>.
. NPT 1995 Rev and Extension Conf <http://www.un.org/Depts/dda/WMD/1995nptrevconf.html#home>.
. Launching an Effective Review Process of the NPT, by Rebecca Johnson, 13 DISARMAMENT
DIPLOMACY (Feb-March 1997) <http://www.acronym.org.uk/13launch.htm>.
Pinochet
. CHILE UNDER PINOCHET: RECOVERING THE TRUTH, Mark Ensalaco (2000), Libr.: JC599.C5 E67
2000.
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Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
. The Truth About Pinochet: Chile’s legacy of torture, murder, international terrorism, and the
disappeared <http://www.lakota.clara.net/index.html>.
. BBC Special Report: The Pinochet File,
<http://news6.thdo.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/special_report/1998/10/98/the_pinochet_file/newsid_198000/198306.stm>
especially:
. When Tyrants Tremble: The Pinochet Case: Part II Background - Human Rights Watch Report, Vol. 11,
No. 1 (October 1999), at <http://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/chile/>
. THE PINOCHET CASE: A LEGAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS, edited by Diana Woodhouse
(2000), Libr., Law: KD373.P56 P559 2000 .
. When Tyrants Tremble: The Pinochet Case: Part III Key Issues in the Extradition - Human Rights
Watch Report, Vol. 11, No. 1 (October 1999), at <http://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/chile/>
. Ex Parte Pinochet House of Lords, March 24 1999 <http://www.parliament.the-stationeryoffice.co.uk/pa/ld199899/ldjudgmt/jd990324/pino1.htm />
. Ex Parte Pinochet, House of Lords, November 25 1998, <http://www.parliament.the-stationeryoffice.co.uk/pa/ld199899/ldjudgmt/jd981125/pino01.htm>.
. Immunity versus Human Rights: The Pinochet Case, Bianchi, 10 EJIL 2 237 (1999)
<http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol10/No2/art1.html>
. Progress in international criminal law?, Charney, 93 AJIL 2 452 (1999)
<http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-9300%28199904%2993%3C452%3APIICL%3E2.0.CO%3B2-M>
Refugees
. DISPOSABLE PEOPLE? THE PLIGHT OF REFUGEES, Judy A. Mayotte, editor (1992)
Libr.:HV640.M38 1992.
. Ethnic Diasporas and U. S. Foreign Policy, Shain. 109 PSQ 5 811 (1994-1995) .
. GLOBAL APARTHEID: REFUGEES, RACISM, AND WORLD ORDER, Anthony H. Richmond,
1994. Libr.: JV6032.R53 1994.
. INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS: COMPILATION AND ANALYSIS OF LEGAL NORMS ,
Francis M. Deng, 1998 Libr.: HV640.D45 1998.
. MASSES IN FLIGHT: THE GLOBAL CRISIS OF INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT, Cohen and Deng,
1998 Libr.: HV640.C614 1998.
. PROTECTING REFUGEES: A FIELD GUIDE FOR NGOs, Office of the U. N. High Commissioner
for Refugees, 1999. Libr.: HV640.P68 1999.
. Refugees International http://www.refintl.org/cgi-bin/ri/index
. Temporary Protection of Refugees: Elements of a Formalized Regime, Fitzpatrick, 94 AJIL 2 279
(2000).
. The London Declaration of International Law Principles on Internally Displaced Persons, Lee,
95 AJIL 2 454 (2001) .
. The Social Implications of Population Displacement and Resettlement: An Overview with a
Focus on the Arab Middle East, Shami, 27 INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW 1 4 (1993) .
. The Sociology of Ethnic Conflicts, Williams, Jr., 20 ANNUAL REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY 49 (1994) .
. U. N. High Commissioner for Refugees <http://www.unhcr.ch/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home>.
. U. S. Committee on Refugees <http://www.refugees.org/index.cfm>.
. War and Peace in Refugee Law Jurisprudence, Storey and Wallace, 95 AJIL 2 439 (2001) .
. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFUGEE LAW, < http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/list/reflaw/ >.
. JOURNAL OF HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE, < http://www.jha.ac/ >.
. ReliefWeb < http://www.jha.ac/ >.
Reservations to treaties: U. S. ratification of human rights treaties
. Analysis of the Terms ‘Treaty’ and ‘International Agreement’ for Purposes of Registration under
Article 102 of the U. N. Charter, Brandon, 47 AJIL 1 49 (1953).
. Bricker Amendment - Fallacies and Dangers, Whitton and Fowler, 48 AJIL 1, 23 (1954).
. Contemporary Practice of the United States, 85 AJIL 334, 337 (1991).
. Id., 88 AJIL 719, 728 (1994).
. Id., 89 AJIL 96, 109 (1995).
21
Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
. Convention on the Law of Treaties [CLT] at International Law Commission
<http://www.un.org/law/ilc/texts/treatfra.htm>; 63 AJIL 4 875 (1969):
. International Law Commission: Conventions and Other Texts - Topics Currently under
Consideration: 2. Reservations to Treaties <http://www.un.org/law/ilc/convents.htm>:
. Report on the Juridical Effects of Reservations to Multilateral Treaties, Inter-American-Juridical
Committee (1955). The Libr.: LRIR.T161A
. Reservations to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, ICJ
<http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/idecisions/isummaries/ippcgsummary510528.htm> . Libr.: JX4399.H3 H32.
. The Effect of Reservations on the Entry into Force of the American Convention on Human Rights
(Arts. 74 and 75), Advisory Opinion OC-2/82 Sept. 24, 1982, Inter-Am.Ct.H.R. (Ser. A.) No. 2
(1982) <http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/iachr/b_11_4b.htm>.
. The Treaty on Treaties, by R. D. Kearney and R. E. Dalton, 64 AJIL 3 495 (1970),
495-502 [how the convention was adopted and what it means for internationbal law], 502-508 [introduction of the concept
of law of treaties], 508-514 [conclusion of treaties and entry inbto force, 509-514 [reservations, “the first major issue to be
taken up by the conference" ]
. Treaty Interpretation and the New American Ways of Law Reading, Vagts, 4 EJIL 4 472 (1993)
<http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol4/No4/index.html>.
. U. N. General Assembly Resolutions on Reservations to Multilateral Treaties (1950), 45 AJIL 1
Supplement 13-14; Id. (1951), 46 AJIL 2 Supplement Official Documents 66 (1952).
. University of Minnesota Human Rights Library <http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/>.
. U. S. Department of State Office of the Legal Adviser, Digest of U. S. Practice in International
Law <http://www.state.gov/s/l/index.cfm?docid=6151>.
. U. S. Ratification of Human Rights Conventions: The Ghost of Senator Bricker, Henkin, 89 AJIL
2 343 (1995).
[27] HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES AND THE SENATE: A HISTORY OF OPPOSITION (1990),
Kaufman K3240.4.K36 1990.
Russia/Chechnya
. Battle for Chechnya, BBC Special Report
<http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/europe/newsid_461000/461041.stm> .
. Conflict in Chechnya, Christian Science Monitor
<http://www.csmonitor.com/atcsmonitor/specials/chechnya/ch1.html>.
. Contested Sovereignty: The Tragedy of Chechnya, Lapidus, 23 INTERNATIONAL SECURITY 1 5
(1998). The O. S. U. Libr., Main: JX1901I55.
. Declaration on Chechnya, European Union Presidency Conclusions, Helsinki European Council
(December 10, 11, 1999) - Federation of American Scientists <http://www.fas.org/man/dod101/ops/war/docs/991211-chechen-eu1.htm>.
. ICRC in Chechnya <http://www.icrc.org/icrceng.nsf/CountryDetails?Readform&Country=Chechnya> .
. International Criminalization of Internal Atrocities, Meron, 89 AJIL 3 554 (1995) < >.
. Russian Use of Force in Grozny, Kirgis Jr., ASIL Insight <http://www.asil.org/insigh39.htm>.
. Russia/Chechnya, Human Rights Watch (March 2001) < http://www.hrw.org/reports/2001/chechnya/ >.
. Second Chechnya War, Federation of American Scientists <http://www.fas.org/man/dod101/ops/war/chechnya2.htm>.
. The Battle for Grozny: Deadly Classroom for Urban Combat, Thomas, 29 PARAMETERS 2
(1999) <http://carlisle-www.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/99summer/thomas.htm>.
. War Has No Rules for Russian Forces Battling Chechen Rebels, Maura Reynolds, Los Angeles
Times (September 17, 2000) <http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates/lat_crimes000917.htm>.
Serbia/Kosovo
. Contemporary Practice of the United State. Legal Regulation of the Use of Force. Kosovo: Air
Strikes against Serbia, Murphy, 93 AJIL 3 628 -and President’s Authority to Launch Air Strikes
id. at 635 (July 1999) < >.
. Kosovo and the Law of Humanitarian Intervention, Louis Henkin, 93 AJIL 4 824 (1999) < >.
. Kosovo Crisis: History, Bloody History
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/special_report/1998/kosovo2/newsid_110000/110492.stm> ; and Kosovo Crisis
22
Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
Background: Roots of the Conflict, BBC News Reports
<http://news2.thls.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/special%5Freport/1998/kosovo2/newsid%5F305000/305008.stm>.
. Legality of the Use of Force (Yugoslavia v. Belgium et al. (NATO)), International Court of Justice
1999, Request for the Indication of Provisional Measures, Order, June 2 1999) <http://www.icjcij.org/icjwww/idocket/iybe/iybeframe.htm>.
. NATO Action against Serbian Military Targets Prompts Divergent Views as Security Council
Holds Urgent Meeting on Situation in Kosovo U. N. Press Release SC/6657 (March 24 1999) < >.
. NATO’s North Atlantic Council activation warning (ACTWARN), September 24, 1998, at
<http://www.nato.int/docu/pr/1998/p980924e.htm>
. NATO Secretary-General, Press Statements (March 23, 1999) <http://www.nato.int/docu/pr/1999/p99040e.htm>, (March 24 1999) <http://www.nato.int/docu/pr/1999/p99-041e.htm>
. North Atlantic Council, Statement on Kosovo, <http://www.nato.int/docu/pr/1999/p99-012e.htm>.
. Security Council Rejects Demand for Cessation of Use of Force against Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia, U. N. Press Release SC/6659 (March 26 1999) < >.
. Operation Allied Force and the Legal Basis for Humanitarian Intervention, Robert Tomes, 30
PARAMETERS 1 (2000) <http://carlisle-www.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/00spring/tomes.htm>.
. Selected Documents of the U. N. Security Council concerning Kosovo
<http://un.org/peace/kosovo/sc_kosovo.htm>: [a] S/RES/1160, March 31, 1998
<http://www.un.org/Docs/scres/1998/sres1160.htm>; [b] S/RES/1199, September 23, 1998
<http://www.un.org/Docs/scres/1998/sres1199.htm>;.[c] S/RES/1244, June 10, 1999
<http://www.un.org/Docs/scres/1999/99sc1244.htm>;
. The Kosovo Situation and NATO Military Action, Kirgis, ASIL Insight (March 1999)
<http://www.asil.org/insigh30.htm>. See also the comments by Julie Mertus and Branko Rakic.
. The Serb-Albanian War and International Community’s Miscalculations, Rama, 2
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ALBANIAN STUDIES 1 (Spring 1998)
<http://www.albanian.com/IJAS/vol2/is1/art1.html>.
. U. S. European Command, Operation Allied Force, at <http://www.eucom.mil/operations/af/>.
. World Court Rejects Yugoslav Requests to Enjoin Ten NATO Members from Bombing
Yugoslavia, Bekker and Borgen, ASIL Insight (June 1999) <http://www.asil.org/insigh36.htm>.
Taiwan/China
. China’s Perception of the Taiwan Issue, Che-Fu Lee, 32 NESLR 3 (1998)
<http://www.nesl.edu/lawrev/vol32/vol32-3/lee.htm>.
. Cooperation or Conflict in the Taiwan Strait? Ralph N. Clough (1999). The OSU Libr., Main:
DS799.847.C59 1999.
. Is China’s Policy to Use Force against Taiwan a Violation of the Principle of Non-Use of Force
under International Law? Anne Hsiu-An Hsiao, 32 NESLR 3 (1998)
<htpp://www.nesl.edu/lawrev/vol32/vol32-3/Hsiao.htm>.
. Is There a Question of Taiwan in International Law? Lovelace, Jr., 4 HARVARD ASIA
QUARTERLY 3 (2000) <http://www.fas.harvard.edu/%7Easiactr/haq/200003/0003a007.htm>.
. Resolving Cross-Strait Relations between China and Taiwan, Charney and Prescott, 94 AJIL 3
(2000) <http://www.jstor.org/cgibin/jstor/viewitem/00029300/di010212/00p01317/0?config=jstor&frame=noframe&userID=809268b1@ohiostate.edu/018dd5531e00506b0e17&dpi=3>.
. Self-Determination in the Taiwan-China Context, Valerie Epps, 32 NESLR 3 (1998)
<http://www.nesl.edu/lawrev/vol32/vol32-3/epps.htm>.
. Taiwan’s Current International Legal Status, Lung-chu Chen, 32 NESLR 3 (1998)
<http://www.nesl.edu/lawrev/vol32/vol32-3/chen.htm >.
. Research Taiwan Documents Project <http://newtaiwan.virtualave.net>. 4 2000).
. Taiwan’s Legal Status: Going Beyond the Unification-Independence Dichotomy, Philip Yang
<http://taiwansecurity.org/TS/Yang-9910-Taiwan’s-Legal-Status.htm>.
. The Principle of One China and the Taiwan Question (White Paper, 2000), The Government of
the People’s Republic of China (PRC) <http://www.chinaonline.com/features/eyeontaiwan/C00033121.asp>.
The Congo
23
Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
. Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo: The ICJ Order of July 1 2000, Lovelace, Jr.,
ASIL Insight (July 2000) <http://www.asil.org/insigh48.htm>.
. Conflicts in the Congo: From Kivu to Kabila, Breytenbach et al, ISS
<http://www.iss.co.za/Pubs/ASR/8.5/Conflicts%20in%20the%20Congo.html>.
. Congo News and Reports BBC <http://newssearch.bbc.co.uk/cgibin/KSEnglish.exe?method=mainQuery&ATNMYFIELD_Headline=&db0=English&xoptions=sortboth&numresults=100
0&BATCHHITS=25&querythreshold=80&query=Sierra+Leone> .
. Democratic Republic of Congo, HRW Report (February 1999)
<http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/sierra/index.htm >.
. The Congo Integrated Regional Information Networks <http://www.reliefweb.int/IRIN/cea/glfp.phtml>.
. The Congo U. N. Peace and Security, Current Peacekeeping Operations
<http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/monuc/monuc_body.htm>.
. The U. N. “Month of Africa’-A Push for Actual Peace Efforts or a Fig Leaf on the DRC? Mark
Malan, )ccasional Paper 44 (Feb 2000), ISS <http://www.iss.co.za/Pubs/PAPERS/44/Paper%2044.html>.
The Israeli/Palestinian conflict
. ICRC in Israel, Occupied Territories, and Autonomous Territories < http://www.icrc.org/eng/israel >.
. Prolonged Military Occupation: The Israeli-Occupied Territories Since 1967, Roberts, 84 AJIL
1 44 (1990) < >.
. The Chaim Herzog Center for Middle East Studies and Diplomacy, Ben Gurion University:
Historical Documents, Treaties and Agreements <http://www.bgu.ac.il/chcenter/>.
. The expulsion of the Palestinians re-examined, Dominique Vidal, LE MONDE DIPLOMATIQUE
(December 1997) <http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/en/1997/12/palestine>.
. The Middle East Problem, Q. Wright, 64 AJIL 2 270 (1970) < >.
. The Origins and Evolution of the Palestine Problem 1917-1988, United Nations, Question of
Palestine Homepage: Division for Palestinian Rights > Studies (1990)
<http://www.un.org/Depts/dpa/qpal/index.html>.
. U. N. Security Council Resolution 1322, S/RES/1322 (2000), of Oct 7 2000, On the situation in
the Middle East, including the Palestinian question <http://www.un.org/Docs/scres/2000/sc2000.htm>; and
U. N. Press Release SC/6934, Security Council deplores Sept 28 provocation in Jerusalem,
adopting Resolution 1322 (2000) by 14-0-1 United States abstaining)
<http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2000/20001007.sc6934.doc.html>.
. U. S. Middle East Policy and the Peace Process, Report of an Independent Task Force (Henry
Siegman, Project Coordinator), Council on Foreign Relations 1997
<http://www.cfr.org/public/pubs/mideastpol.html>.
. Arab-Israeli Wars, Washington Post WWW Search
<http://www.google.com/search?output=washingtonpost&q=Arab+Israeli+Wars> .
. Defining Aggression. Ferencz. AJIL 66/3 491 (1972) <>.
. FOUR ARAB-ISRAELI WARS AND THE PEACE PROCESS, Sydney D. Bailey (1990). The OSU
Libr., Main: DS119.2.B3 1990.
. Israel-History of the Arab/Israeli Dispute
<http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/8/0,5716,109508+3,00.html>
. Middle East Conflicts- Arab/Israeli Conflict
<http://www.lib.umich.edu/libhome/Documents/Center.arabis.html#subj> .
. Middle East: the Faultline Le Monde Diplomatique <http://www.mondediplomatique.fr/focus/mideast/contentsdetailed-en>.
. Self-defense and the rule of law, Schachter, 83 AJIL 2 259 (1989) <>.
. SELF-DEFENSE IN INTERNATIONAL LAW, Bowett (1958) [Main Libr. JX4071.B6]].
. The Chaim Herzog Center for Middle East Studies and Diplomacy, Ben Gurion University, at
<http://www.bgu.ac.il/chcenter/>. Go to Historical Documents, Treaties and Agreements:
. The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel (May 14 1948)
<http://www.bgu.ac.il/chcenter/frames49.htm>.
. The illegality of the Arab attack on Israel of October 6, 1973, Rostow, 69 AJIL 2 272 (1975) <>.
Unilateral Sanctions (U. S. v. Cuba)
24
Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
. Cuba Country Information, U. S. Department of State http://www.state.gov/p/wha/ci/c2461.htm
research especially:
-Background Notes http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2886.htm
-Archive http://www.state.gov/www/regions/wha/cuba/index.html
-U. S. Cuba Relations http://www.state.gov/www/regions/wha/cuba/policy.html
. Cuba: Issues for Congress, prepared for the U. S. Congress by Mark P. Sullivan (Foreign Affairs
and National Defense Division, Congressional Research Service), December 2 1996.- Federation
of American Scientists http://www.fas.org/man/crs/94-005.htm
. Economic Sanctions to Achieve U. S. Foreign Policy Goals: Discussion and Guide to Current
Law, CRS Report for Congress, prepared by Dianne E. Rennack and Robert D. Shuey (January
1999) <http://usaengage.org/studies/crs/index.html>.
. USA Engage [for the current debate within the U. S. government on the practice and the stakes of
international unilateral sanctions] <http://usaengage.org/index.html>.
. Independent Task Force Report U. S. - Cuban Relations in the 21st Century, co-chaired by
Bernard W. Aronson and William D. Rogers, Council on Foreign Relations,
<http://www.cfr.org/public/pubs/uscuba2.html>.
. Office of Foreign Assets Control <http://www.treas.gov/ofac/> > See Cuba > What you Need to
Know about the U. S. Embargo.
. U. S. Congress, 1996 Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act, 35 INTERNATIONAL
LEGAL MATERIALS 2 357 (1996) Libr.: ; U. S. Department of State, International Information
Programs, P. L. 104-114, <http://www.usinfo.state.gov/regional/ar/us-cuba/libertad.htm>.
. 1995 Cuban Foreign Investment Act, 35 INTERNATIONAL LEGAL MATERIALS 2 331
(1996).
. U. N. General Assembly Resolution 50/10 (1995), Ending U. S. embargo against Cuba, 35
INTERNATIONAL LEGAL MATERIALS 2 483 (1996). Find also any of the following:
-Press Release GA/9349 Assembly seeks repeal of extraterritorial measures like U. S. HelmsBurton Act against Cuba (November 5 1997).
-Press Release GA/L/3110 U. S. warns Legal Committee of weakened effectiveness of Security
Council if ‘unwise’ measures adopted to mitigate sanctions’ unwanted impacts (October 15 1999)
. Organization of American States, Inter-American Juridical Committee Opinion on the
U. S. Helms-Burton Act (1996), 35 INTERNATIONAL LEGAL MATERIALS 5 1322 (1996).
. European Union, Council Regulation (EC) No 2271/96 of 22 Nov 1996 Protecting against the
Effects of the Extraterritorial Application of Legilation Adopted by a Third Country
<http://www.eurunion.org/legislat/extrel/cuba/cuba1.htm>.
. 1949 Draft Declaration on Rights and Duties of States, International Law Commission
<http://www.un.org/law/ilc/texts/decfra.htm>.
. 1996 Draft Articles on State Responsibility, International Law Commission
<http://www.un.org/law/ilc/reports/1996/chap03.htm#doc38>.
. Unilateral Acts of States, International Law Commission, Analytical Guide
<http://www.un.org/law/ilc/guide/gfra.htm>.
. Congress and Cuba: The Helms-Buron Act, A. F. Lowenfeld, 90 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW 3, 419 (1996) v. JSTOR or Library: .
. Title II of the helms-Burton Act is Consistent with International Law, Brice M. Clagett, 90
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 3, 434 (1996).
. Helms-Burton, the U. S., and the WTO, ASIL Insights (March 1997)
<http://www.asil.org/insights/insight7.htm>.
. RESTATEMENT (THIRD) Sections 402-403 (jurisdiction to prescribe), 414 (jurisdiction with
respect to activities of foreign branches and subsidiaries) 441-444 (foreign state compulsion, act
of state), 711-713 (injury to nationals of other states).
. Widening the U. S. Embargo Against Cuba Extraterritorially. A few public international law
comments on the ‘Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act of 1996’, by August
Reinisch, 7 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 4 page 545 (1996). At The
OSU Libr., Law, and/or in electronic form via OSCAR.
25
Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
. See the articles by Nicholas Rostow and Ernest Luciano at 3 NEW ENGLAND
INTERNATIONAL & COMPARATIVE LAW ANNUAL (1997),
<http://www.nesl.edu/annual/vol3indx.htm>.
United States and the International Criminal Court
. International Criminal Court portal < http://www.icc-cpi.int/index.php >; English
< http://www.icc-cpi.int/php/show.php?id=home&l=EN >:
. Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court < http://www.un.org/law/icc/statute/romefra.htm >:
-Preamble
-Establishment of the Court
-Jurisdiction, Admissibility and Applicable Law
-Investigation and Prosecution
-International Cooperation and Judicial Assistance
-Enforcement
. International Criminal Court, Documents on the Crime of Aggression
< http://www.un.org/law/icc/documents/aggression/aggressiondocs.htm >.
. International Justice, Global Policy Forum < http://www.globalpolicy.org/wldcourt/index.htm >.
. ICC Crisis in the Security Council, Global Policy Forum
< http://www.globalpolicy.org/intljustice/icc/crisisindex.htm >.
. The International Criminal Court, Global Policy Forum
< http://www.globalpolicy.org/intljustice/icc/index.htm >.
. U. S. Bilateral or so-called “Article 98” Agreements, Coalition for the International Criminal
Court (April 18, 2003).- Global Policy Forum
< http://www.globalpolicy.org/intljustice/icc/2003/0606usbilaterals.htm > .
. The Coalition for the International Criminal Court < http://www.iccnow.org/ >.
. Crimes of War Project < http://www.crimesofwar.org/sept-mag/sept-abi.html >.
. E. U. Guiding Principles concerning Arrangements between a State Party to the Rome Statute of
the International Criminal Court and the United States Regarding the Conditions to Surrender of
Persons to the Court, Council of the European Union (September 30, 2002).- ASIL International
Law In Brief < http://www.asil.org/ilib/ilib0516.htm#l1 >, and at
<http://ue.eu.int/newsroom/makeFrame.asp?MAX=1&BID=71&DID=72321&LANG=1&File=/pressData/en/gena/72321.
pdf&Picture=0 >.
. Proposals for an International Criminal Court, Quincy Wright, 46 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW 1, 60 (1952).
. The United States and the International Criminal Court, David J. Scheffer, 93 AMERICAN
JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1, 12 (1999).
. U. S. Notification of Intent Not to Become a Party to the Rome Statute, in Contemporary Practice
of the United States Relating to International Law, 96 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW 3, 724 (2002).
. The United States and the Rome Statute, Monroe Leigh, 95 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW 1, 124 (2001).
. The United States and the International Criminal Court, Human Rights Watch
< http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/icc/us.htm >.
. The United States and the International Criminal Court: The Choices Ahead, Sarah Sewall and
Karl Kaysen, American Academy of Arts and Sciences < http://www.amacad.org/projects/iccarticle.htm >.
. The United States and the International Criminal Court, John R. Bolton, Under Secretary for
Arms Control and International Security, U. S. Department of State, remarks to the Federalist
Society (November 14, 2002) < http://www.state.gov/t/us/rm/15158.htm >.
. The legal nature of the International Criminal Court the emergence of supranational elements in
international criminal justice, Sascha Rolf Luder, 845 INTL REVIEW OF THE RED CROSS 79
(2002) < http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList498/482C4813A299170EC1256BA70034AED2 >.
Use of force on Afghanistan
. Defining Aggression. Ferencz. AJIL 66/3 491 (1972) < >.
26
Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
. Security Council Resolution 678 and Persian Gulf Decision Making: Precarious Legitimacy,
Weston, 85 AJIL 3 516 (1991) < >.
. The Constitution and Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, Glennon, 85 AJIL 1 74 (1991)
. Threats of Force, Sadurska, 82 AJIL 2 239 (1988) < >.
. United Nations law in the Gulf conflict, Schachter, 85 AJIL 3 452 (1991) < >.
. U. N. Police Action in Lieu of War: “The Old Order Changeth”, Franck, 85 AJIL 1 63 (1991) []
Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, Public Law 104-132, 104th Congress <>
S735, also at < http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c104:S.735.ENR:>.
. Cruise Missile Strikes in Afghanistan and Sudan. Kirgis. ASIL Insight (Aug 1998), at
<http://www.asil.org/insigh24.htm>. Comment. Hisham al-Zoubeir. ASIL Insight (Oct 1998), at
<http://www.asil.org/insigh26.htm>.
. Infinite Reach: Striking Back Against Terrorists (20 August 1998). Federation of American
Scientists: Military Analysis Network, at <http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/ops/strike_back_n.htm#back>.
August 1998 Intelligence News, FAS Intelligence Resource Program, at
<http://www.fas.org/irp/news/1998/08/index.html>.
. Missile Attacks on Afghanistan and Sudan. Contemporary Practice of the United States. Murphy.
93 AJIL 1 161 (1999) < >.
. The President is Bound by International Law, Paust, 81 AJIL 2 377 (1987) < >.
What does it mean international law is supreme law of the land?
. Foster v. Neilson, 27 U. S. (2 Pet.) 253 (1829).
. Incorporation of the Law of Nations during the American Revolution: The Case of the San
Antonio, Bourguinon, 71 AJIL 270 (1977) .
. International Law as Law in the United States, Henkin, 82 Michigan Law Review 1555 (1984).
. Lawyers Who Established International Law in the United States, 1776-1914, Raymond and
Frischholz, 76 AJIL 4 802 (1982) <>.
. Rediscovering the Relationship between Congressional Power and International Law:
Exceptions to the Last in Time Rule and the Primacy of Custom, Paust, 28 Virginia Journal of
International Law 393 (1988).
. Schooner Exchange v. McFadden, Supreme Court of the U. S., 11 U. S. (7 Cranch) 116 (1812).
. Self-Executing and Non-Self-Executing Treaties in National and International Law, Buergethal,
235 Recueil des Cours 303 (1992-IV).
. Self-Executing Treaties, Paust, 82 AJIL 760 (1988).
. The Amistad Case (1841) <http://www.nara.gov/education/teaching/amistad/home.html>.
. The Four Doctrines of Self-Executing Treaties, 89 AJIL 4 695 (1995). Cont p702
. The Paquete Habana, Supreme Court of the United States (1900).- FindLaw
< http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=175&invol=677>.
. Treaty-Based Rights and Remedies of Individuals, Vazquez, 92 Columbia Law Review 1082
(1992).
What globalization?
. United Nations, Economic and Social Development < http://www.un.org/esa/ >:
-Development Research and Analysis < http://www.un.org/esa/research.htm >.
. Globalization of Law (news and documents), Global Policy Forum
< http://www.globalpolicy.org/globaliz/law/index.htm >.
. The International Community Facing the Challenge of Globalization, Bruno Simma and Andreas
Paulus, 9 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 2 (1998)
< http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol9/No2/index.html >.
. International Law Torn between Coexistence, Cooperation and Globalization, Pierre-Marie
Dupuy, 9 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 2 (1998)
< http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol9/No2/index.html >.
. Globalization and Legal Theory, William L. Twining (2000).
. Globalization, International Law, and the Academy, Peter J. Spiro, 32 JOURNAL OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW AND POLITICS 567 < http://www.nyu.edu/pubs/jilp/main/issues/32/pdf/32i.pdf >.
27
Chapman University College – POSU321 term B 2004 – International Law – Professor Lovelace
. The Future in the Balance: Essays on Globalization and Resistance, Walden F. Bello (2001).
. Responding to Globalization: Facilitating the Integration of Developing Countries into the
World Economy in the 21st Century, U. N. General Assembly, CRP.2 (September 6, 2001)
< http://www.un.org/documents/ga/docs/56/dialogue/crp2.pdf >.
. Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and
interdependence, U. N. general Assembly Resolution 54/231
. Role of the United Nations, U. N. General Assembly Resolution 55/212
. Role of the United Nations, U. N. General Assembly Report, A54/358, September 15, 1999
< http://www.un.org/documents/ga/docs/54/plenary/a54-358.htm >.
. United Nations Johannesburg Summit for Sustainable Development, Aug 24 to Sep 4, 2002
< http://www.johannesburgsummit.org/ >.
. 2001 Report on the World Social Sitution, U. N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs
< http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/rwss/overview.html >.
. Slected Bibliography on Globalization, American Association of Law Libraries (December 2001)
< http://www.law.uga.edu/fcil/globebib.pdf >.
. Global Values: The United Nations and the Rule of Law in the 21 st Century, K. A. Annan,
Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (2000)
< http://www.un.org/partners/business/singapor.htm >.
. State of Siege: Will Globalization Win Out?, Richard Falk, 73 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 1
p123 (1997) Library: JX1 .I61.
. The Globalization of Law: International Merger Control and Competition Law in the United
States, the European Union, Latin America and China, Kenneth J. Hamner, 11 JOURNAL OF
TRANSNATIONAL LAW & POLICY 2, 385 (2002)
< http://www.law.fsu.edu/journals/transnational/vol11_2/hamner.pdf > .
. VIEWS FROM THE SOUTH: THE EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION AND THE WTO ON THIRD
WORLD COUNTRIES, Sarah Anderson, editor (2000).
. Labor & Global Change, University of Michigan < http://www.ilir.umich.edu/lagn/ >.
. United Nations Charter, specifically Articles 1, 2, and 55.
. Alternatives to Economic Globalization, International Forum on Globalization.
28