Microbiology Exam #4-Fall 2013
Name__________________
Multiple choice. Choose the best answer (2 points each)
1._____All of the following are associated with term diapedesis except: a) selectins; b) integrins;
c) NETS; d) extravasation (transmigration); e) neutrophils.
2. _____ If your neutrophils had a mutation in the gene coding for Toll-like receptors; this would be a
result of that mutation: a) they would not respond to inflammatory cytokines; b) they would have
decreased ability to carry out phagocytosis; c) they couldn’t present antigen to T-lymphocytes; d) they
could not form a phagolysosome; e) they would not have PAMPS.
3._____ The activity of NADPH oxidase, singlet oxygen, halogen ions, and lysozyme are most closely
associated with this process: a) activation of the complement system; b) inflammation; c) diapedesis;
d) fever; e) phagocytosis
4._____ This is small molecular protein produced by virus infected cells and protects neighboring
healthy cells from viral infection: a) Type I interferon; b)NETS; c) lectin; d) tumor necrosis factor;
e) pyrogen.
5._____During inflammation, blood clotting converts plasma proteins into bradykinins. Bradykinins
contribute all of the following except: a)inflammatory pain; b) vasodilation; c) activation of antiviral
proteins; d) mast cell degranulation; e) increased vascular permeability.
6._____ Inhibition of the cox (cyclooxygenase ) enzymes leads to: a) decrease in pain; b) increase in
phagocytosis; c) decrease in Type I interferon production; d) greater production of NETS; e)fever
7._____ Endogenous pyrogens include: a) PAMPS; b) endotoxin; c) LPS components; d) tumor necrosis
factors and prostaglandins; e) all of the above.
8._____ These molecules are designated as being class I or II and are associated with a lymphocyte
process called restriction: a) MHC; b) B-cell receptor; c) T-cell receptor; d) IG-M; e) IG-G.
9._____Which of the following statements about clonal deletion is true? a) this process occurs in the
lymph nodes; b) it is caused by inflammation; c) a failure in this process can lead to autoimmune
disease; d) it involves B-cells but not T-cells; e) it is an important step in the complement cascade.
10._____ This cell can serve as an antigen presenting cell: a) Macrophage; b) Dendritic cells; c) Blymphocyte; d) A and B ; e) All of the above
11._____ Heavy chains and light chains (kappa or lambda) are part of: a) MHC I receptors; b) MHC II
receptors; c) cytokines; d) interlukins; e) B-cell receptors.
12._____Complex molecules like viral proteins would be most likely interpreted by the immune system
of a human organism as: a) an allergen; b) an alloantigen; c) an autoantigen; d) a T-dependent antigen;
e) a T-independent antigen
13._____ In order for most lymphocytes to become activated to divide and differentiate, they require
two signals. Those two signal are most commonly: a) inflammation and complement fixation;
b) antigen binding and class switching; c) class switching and cytokines; d) antigen binding and cytokines;
e) Inflammation and antigen binding.
14._____ Which of the following statements about the Fc region of an antibody is false: a) it has the
same amino acid sequence as all other antibodies belonging to the same class; b) it generally attaches to
the surface of a cell; c) the amino acid sequence of this region changes (hyper mutation) making the
antibody increasing better adapted to bind a specific antigen; d) it is encoded by a C (constant) gene
element; e) all of these statements are true.
15._____ This class of antibodies is produced by activated memory cells, has the longest life-time of all
antibody classes, and can both fix complement and cross the placenta: a) IG-M; b) IG-G; c) IG-A; d) IG-D;
e) IG-E
16._____ The contribution of B cells to immunity is mainly in: a) inflammation; b) humoral immunity;
c) complement activity; d) cell mediated immunity; d) phagocytosis.
17._____ Suppose you are told by your doctor that you need a pooled gamma globulin shot to protect
you against possible exposure to Hepatitis (you should pick your restaurants more carefully). The logic
behind doing this is to provide you with: a) natural passive immunity; b) natural active immunity;
c) artificial passive immunity; d) artificial active immunity; e) a robust cell-mediated immune response.
18._____ This has a mode of action very similar to that of the attack complex formed by the
complement system: a) Interlukin II; b) perforin ; c) granzymes d) cortisol; e) Interlukin I
19._____ B-lymphocytes that bind to T-independent antigens : a) Cannot be stimulated to produce
antibody; b) Must react with T-helpers to produce antibody; c) undergoes capping as the antigen
cross links B-cell receptors; d) Only produce IG-G antibody
20.___ Helper T cells : a) secrete antibodies; b) are MHC I restricted; c) directly destroy target cells;
d) suppress immune reactions; e) activate B cells and other T cells.
21._____The formation of a specific antigen/antibody complex is the basis behind this test/procedure:
a) Ouchterlony; b) complement fixation; c) ELISA; d) Wasserman; e) all of the above.
22._____Agglutination reactions: a) are the basis for the Wasserman test; b) involve crosslinking of
antigens that are part of large particles (often cell surfaces); c) ELISA tests; d) are the basis for Western
Blots; e) are the basis for fluorescent antibody tests.
23._____ Viral hemagglutination testing : a)uses a red blood cell that naturally reacts with viral
antigens; b) analyzes patient serum for specific antibodies to a virus; c) has hemagglutination if the
patient serum lacks virus specific antibodies; d) is used to diagnosis viral diseases such as rubella
and mononucleosis; e) All of the choices are correct.
24._____ The more a sample can be diluted and yet still react with antigen, the ______ the
concentration of antibodies in that sample and the _______ is its titer.
a) lower, lower; b) higher, lower; c) lower, higher; d) higher, higher
25._____ Monoclonal antibodies: a) originate from a single B cell clone; b) have a single specificity for
antigen; c) are secreted by hybridomas; d) are used in immunology lab tests and cancer therapy; e) All of
the choices are correct.
27. _____Orthoclone (used to prevent Transplant rejection) and Herceptin (used to treat breast cancer):
a) are examples of ELISA; b) work by stimulating T-cell activity; c) activate the complement cascade;
d) are monoclonal antibody based-drugs; e) stimulate agglutination reactions
28. (4 points each) Agree or disagree with the following statements. In either case, fully defend your
position.
A. Opsonins play an important role in phagocytosis.
B. Fever should not automatically be treated because it is an important part of your innate immune
system
C. Using patient serum, complement; Treponema antigens; and red blood cells with lysins attached to
their surface, you can visually determine whether a patient currently has or has had a syphilis infection.
D. The field of neuroimmunology has provided evidence for a connection between health and state of
mind.
29. (10 points) List three functions of the inflammatory response. What are cytokines? Describe three
cytokines involved in inflammation and describe the specific role of each in the inflammatory response.
30. (10 points) Referring to the structure of B-cell receptor molecules, explain the process by which stem
cells give rise to a population of billions of different types of B-lymphocytes, each which produces a
unique receptor (realizing that stem cells have less than 500 total genes that code for antibody
molecules).
31. (10 points)Describe the differences in how the immune system responds to a viral and a bacterial Tdependent antigen. Be sure to discuss the outcome of the response and describe the cellular
interactions that take place between B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages in each of these
two responses.