COGS 17 Handout 2 Pg. 1
Chapter 3
Label the directions in the nervous system
relative to the neuraxis (rostral/anterior, dorsal,
ventral, caudal/posterior
Define the following:
1. Ipsilateral:
2. Contralateral:
3. Lateral:
4. Medial:
Hemispheric Specialization (in general, what are
the differences between the functions of the two
hemispheres)
a. Left:
b. Right:
Directional Specialization (in general, what are the
differences between the front, mid, and back areas
of the brain)
a. Front:
b. Mid:
c. Back:
Ventricles:
A series of hollow, interconnected chambers that
are filled with ________________________.
(lateral, third, fourth, choroid plexus creates _____)
Evolution
1. View 1: Quantitative difference
a.
2. View 2: Qualitative difference
a.
Label the planes of section as they pertain to the
human central nervous system (horizontal,
coronal, sagittal)
Glial Cells
Astrocytes:
Micoglia:
Meninges:
Label the three layers and where CSF (cerebral
spinal fluid) resides (dura, arachnoid, subarachnoid
space, pia)
__________ = “hard mother”
__________ = “spider track”
__________ = “pious/delicate mother/saran wrap”
COGS 17 Handout 2 Pg. 2
Ontogeny: How an organism develops within a lifetime
1. Sperm + ovum
Picture
2. Blastula
3. Embryonic day 18, neural plate forms
4. Neural groove envaginates
5. Neural tube forms
6. E22: Spinal cord end closes
a. If lack of folic acid, cord might not close
properly and cause spina bifida
7. E24: Head end closes
a. If head end doesn’t close, anencephaly occurs
8. Cells begin to multiply rapidly; cells multiply at
the ventricular zone for CNS. Founder cells migrate
on the radial glial.
9. W5: forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain form
Forebrain divides into the telencephalon &
diencephalon
Midbrain doesn’t divide but is also known as the
mesencephalon
Hindbrain divides into the metencephalon & the
myelencephalon
COGS 17 Handout 2 Pg. 3
Forebrain
Telencephalon:
Diencephalon
Cerebral cortex:
Thalamus: located near the middle of the cerebral
hemispheres
- sulci
- gyri
- fissures
o Central sulcus
o Lateral/Sylvian fissure
o Calcarine fissure
- frontal lobe
o primary motor cortex:
o prefrontal cortex:
- parietal lobe
o primary somatosensory cortex:
- temporal lobe
o primary auditory cortex:
- occipital lobe
o primary visual cortex:
- limbic cortex (located medial edge of hemispheres)
o cingulate gyrus
Limbic System:
-
hippocampus:
amygdala:
fornix:
mammillary bodies:
Basal Ganglia:
- primary function:
- 3 parts:
a. caudate nucleus
b. putamen
c. globus pallidus
- Function:
o
- Divisions
o lateral geniculate nucleus
o medial geniculate nucleus
o ventrolateral nucleus
Hypothalamus: located ventral to thalamus
- Function:
COGS 17 Handout 2 Pg. 4
Midbrain/Mesencephalon
Tectum: dorsal portion of the mesencephalon
Tegmentum: consists of the portion of the
mesencephalon beneath the tectum
Superior colliculus:
- Location:
Reticular formation:
o
- Location:
o
- Function:
o
- Function:
o
Inferior colliculus:
- Location:
o
Periaqueductal gray matter:
- Location:
o
- Function:
- Function:
o
For a good picture go to page 92, figure 3.21
Red Nucleus:
- Function:
o
Substantia Nigra:
- Function:
o
Metencephalon
Cerebellum
Hindbrain
Myelencephalon
Medulla Oblongata
- Location:
o
- Location:
o
- Function:
o
- Function:
o
Pons
- Location:
o
- Function:
o
COGS 17 Handout 2 Pg. 5
Spinal Cord
Primary functions: to distribute ________________fibers to the effector organs of the body (glands and
muscles) and to collect _____________________ information to be passed on to the brain
Peripheral Nervous System
Spinal nerves:
Afferent axons:
Efferent axons:
Cranial Nerves
Nerves that serve sensory and motor functions of the ___________and __________ region
Autonomic Nervous System vs. Somatic Nervous System: What’s the difference?
Autonomic Nervous System: 2 divisions
Sympathetic:
Parasympathetic: