A.P. US GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
Study Guide for Final Exam and AP Exam
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Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
James Madison and Federalist 10 and 51
Great Compromise (how large and small states compromised)
separation of powers
checks and balances
federalism
Bill of Rights
Periods of the Supreme Court
role of Chief Justice John Marshall
Marbury v Madison
McCulloch v Maryland
Gibbons v Ogden
doctrine of nullification
interstate commerce
revenue sharing/block grants
federal mandates
parts of the first amendment
Gitlow v New York
Texas v Johnson
Tinker v Des Moines
church and state
establishment clause
free exercise clause
4th amendment
right to privacy
search and seizure
warrantless searches
exclusionary rule (Weeks v US)
Good Faith exception to the search warrant rule
civil liberties during wartime (Korematsu v US)
conflict of rights vs. conflict of cultures
Schenck v US
civil liberties and the 14th amendment
due process
equal protection
incorporation doctrine
American Nazi Party march in Skokie, Illinois (Collin v Smith)
Supreme Court and rulings on obscenity
Miranda v Arizona
Mapp v Ohio
Gideon v Wainwright
different treatment of groups that would be considered “reasonable”
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“strict scrutiny”
Muller v Oregon
“suspect classification”
advancement of black Americans during the 1950s
advancement of black Americans during the 1960s
legal strategy of the NAACP
Plessy v Ferguson
Brown v Board of Education of Topeka
de facto segregation vs. de jure segregation
Swann v Charlotte-Mecklenburg
ERA (Equal Rights Amendment)
role of women in the military today
Roe v Wade
Hyde amendment
affirmative action
Regents of the University of California (Davis) v Bakke
role of racial quotas and the Supreme Court
political party identification today among voters
group that votes consistently liberal
political spectrum
gender gap in voting
conservatism
the South as a voting bloc throughout history
voter turnout in the US
voting comparisons with Great Britain
Voting Rights Act of 1965
federal voter registrars and poll watchers
voting registration procedures
why many people are politically inactive
differences between American European political parties
American two party system
major differences between Democrats and Republicans today
formula used to choose delegates at the nominating conventions
why third parties in the US fail
campaign financing
how presidential campaigns differ from congressional campaigns (spending)
federal matching funds
role of PACs
role of the Federal Election Commission (FEC)
campaign financing limits
soft money
hard money
differences between the US Congress and British Parliament
bicameral legislature
election of Senators and Representatives, then and now
decentralization in the House
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democratization in the Senate
filibuster
cloture rule
minority membership in Congress
marginal districts
reapportionment
redistricting
gerrymandering
Shaw v Reno
majority-minority districts
powers of the Speaker of the House
role of majority/minority leaders in Congress
role of committees in Congress
standing committees
select committees
conference committee
“reporting out” bills
logrolling
riders and earmarks (pork legislation)
types of congressional voting behavior
differences between the British and American chief executive
president’s cabinet
divided government
fear of the Framers about presidential power
electoral college
personality and the American presidency
congressional dominance vs. presidential dominance over time
sources of presidential power
rule of propinquity
circular organization of those surrounding the president
pyramid organization
ad hoc organization
Bully Pulpit
presidential coattails and congressional elections today
executive privilege
veto
pocket veto
line-item veto
US v Nixon
reason for leaking policies to the press
presidential constraints and approaches taken
how a president deals with major issues and new programs
the parts of the 25th amendment
War Powers Act
impeachment process
differences in British and American courts
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judicial review
judicial activism
judicial restraint
how judicial nominees are chosen and approved
senatorial courtesy
district courts
appellate courts
litmus test for court nominees
writ of certiorari
oral arguments
amicus curiae
majority opinions
concurring opinions
dissenting opinions
stare decisis and the role of precedents
congressional checks on the federal judiciary
the role of bureaucracies
iron triangles
discretionary authority