MORPHEMES
1) Underline the bound morphemes. Determine the derivational and inflectional morphemes.
The mobile phone may be the unofficial gadget of the decade. But with so many different plans to
choose from –New York City alone has more than 60 such plans – how to figure out which one is the
best deal for you? Try Wireless Dimension, which lets users in the top 50 U.S. cities compare many of
the available wireless phones in their area, find an authorized dealer and buy on-line.
2) Give the spelling changes after adding the inflectional morpheme -s to the following nouns.
1. pencil, 2. dwarf, 3. difference between i and y, 4. speech, 5. key, 6. country, 7. calf, 8. cargo, 9.
daily, 10. beach, 11. jump, 12. Murphy, 13. truth, 14. MP, 15. grown-up, 16. mystery.
3) Give the spelling changes after adding the inflectional morpheme -s to the following verbs.
1. play, 2. invite, 3. wash, 4. dry, 5. owe, 6. promise, 7. teach, 8. close, 9. supply, 10. deposit, 11.
carry, 12. lay, 13. do, 14. miss.
4) Give the spelling changes after adding the morphemes -ed, -ing, -er, -est.
1. stay, 2. knit, 3. dye, 4. apply, 5. deliver, 6. slip, 7. cry, 8. issue, 9. sharpen, 10. dance, 11. rely, 12.
die, 13. stop, 14. deter, 15. smile, 16. scrub; 17. heavy, 18. sad, 19. free, 20. thin, 22. full.
WORD CLASSES
1) Read the text and determine the word class of each word in the passage.
The fundamental purpose of language is to make sense – to communicate intelligibly. But if we are to
do this, we need to share a single system of communication. It would be no use if one person were
using Japanese and the other were using Arabic, or one knew only Morse code and the other knew
only semaphore. The rules controlling the way a communication system works are known as its
grammar, and both sender and recipient need to use the same grammar if they are to understand each
other.
2) Supply a noun corresponding to the underlined verb.
1. A scientist observes. – He makes ……….
2. He notices facts. – He takes ………. of facts.
3. He measures carefully. – He takes careful ………..
4. He solves problems. – He finds ………. to problems.
5. He discovers new things. – He makes new ………..
6. He concludes something. – He comes to a …………
7. Science progresses rapidly. – It makes rapid ………..
3) Put the noun or verb in brackets into the correct adjective form using derivational suffixes.
1. How he died is still very (mystery) ………..
2. The (base) ……….. problem with nuclear power is disposing of nuclear waste.
3. Prague is a very (beauty) ……….. city.
4. Some of those children are extremely (create) …………
5. It is (custom) ……….. in our houses to remove our shoes at the door.
6. The cancer patient made a (remark) ………… recovery.
7. Brightly coloured mushrooms are usually not (eat) ………..
8. I am not going to play the (duty) ………… little housewife any more!
9. She climbed the steps with heavy (elephant) ………… movements.
10. Her colleagues were (envy) ………… of her success.
11. It was really (thought) ………… of you to remember my birthday.
12. It´s so (thought) …………. of John to smoke when there´s a baby around.
4) Form abstract nouns corresponding to the underlined words and complete the following
sentences.
1. But there was another reason why George was eager to pass by my house. – But there was another
reason for George´s ...........
2. I thought, innocent I was, that the headmaster would rebuke the boys. – Thinking in my ...............
that he would find some sort of suitable ............ for the boys.
3. She wanted everything to be clean. – She had a passion for ...............
4. The boys recited the facts. – It was more than a simple .............. of the facts.
5. She was devoted to the Countess and the family. – Dumb .............. bound her to them.
CONVERSION
1) Find instances of conversion in the following passage. Say between which word classes
conversion has taken place.
He was a tall, lean, dark-haired young man in a pullover sweater. He placed the heels of his hands
against the top edge of the lower window frame and shoved upward. But as usual the window didn´t
move and he had to lower his hands and then shoot them hard upward to jolt the window open a few
inches. He dusted his hands. But still he didn´t begin his work. He crossed the room to the hallway
entrance and called, “Clare?” When his wife answered, he said, “Sure you don´t mind going alone?”
2) Determine the word class of each underlined word.
1. He told her to give it a try.
2. Just beyond the bend, the river begins to narrow.
3. There´s an elaborate electronic record kept of your likes and dislikes.
4. Once they could fish where they wanted.
5. We enter the city and head toward the forum.
6. The Archaeological Museum houses most of the art treasure recovered from the buried cities.
7. He is nearing his goal.
8. From the mountainous coasts, glaciers cracked and avalanched into the ocean.
9. Two Indian chiefs dream of extending electricity to the village, but it will always stay a dream.
10. Mammals lose up to a third of their muscle as they age.
11. He wants to double the number of people who now invest in the company they work for.
12. You can´t park on double yellow lines.
13. Scotch and water, please – make it a double.
14. The trees were almost bent double in the wind.
15. Good jobs are hard to come by these days.
16. She has been working hard all morning.
17. In my long life I have seen many changes in our habits.
18. Yet even this makes me long more for home.
19. Have you been waiting long?
20. Let´s go out to eat tonight.
21. When he came out of the army he worked in a hotel.
22. I have tons of work to do. At least that gives me an out.
23. A magistrate may fine people, they must pay a fine.
24. That arrangement suits me fine.
25. The weather is fine.
3) Use the following words as adjectives in sentences of your own.
1.office, 2. hand, 3. computer, 4. war, 5. lemon, 6. flower, 7. language, 8. May, 9. meat, 10. press, 11.
cross, 12. blood, 13. road, 14. pay, 15. heart, 16. budget, 17. hospital, 18. art.
COMPOUNDS
1) Decide which of the following underlined words are compounds.
1. Let´s hire a rowing boat and go on the river.
2. George got stuck in the sliding door.
3. My burning ambition is to travel around the world.
4. Have you sold that camping equipment?
5. I´ve left him the message on his answering machine.
6. MY father was a kind and forgiving man.
7. He bought her a nice wedding ring.
8. She had gnawing doubts about her own abilities.
9. There are two baking trays in the oven.
2) Form compounds using synonyms of the given expressions.
1. a solid yellow stuff made from milk or cream + a small insect with two wings
= an insect with large brightly coloured wings
2. grey dust left when something has burnt + a flat piece of metal or glass used for carrying things
= a small dish where you put used cigarettes
3. living, not dead + supply of something that you keep
= farm animals
4. the official system for carrying letters, parcels + set of numbers, letters or signs
= a group of numbers which shows the exact area where a house is
5. a dry brown fruit inside a hard shell + a small exploding firework
= a tool for cracking
6. below + someone who has completed a university degree course
= a student who is doing a university course
7. not long + to be seen suddenly
= unable to see objects clearly unless they are very close
8. the planet Earth + not narrow
= spread over all parts
3) Complete each unfinished sentence using compounds.
1. It´s a job which consumes a lot of time. It´s a ..................
2. It´s a picture which looks funny. It´s a .......................
3. It´s a record which plays for a long time. It´s a .............................
4. This work never ends. It´s a .........................
5. They search for life which lasts forever. They search for ...............................
4) Guess what it is.
1. A place where buses start and finish their journey is ..................
2. A set of shelves for keeping books on is ..........................
3. A large piece of wood or plastic that you cut meat on is ......................
4. The act of having a baby is ............................
5. A small circular piece of hard plastic on which music, or large quantities of information can be
stored is ..................................
6. The line of hair above your eye is .....................
7. A building where several doctors have offices is ...............................
8. A strong feeling of great sadness and anxiety is ..................................
NOUNS – COUNTABILITY
1) Use these non-count nouns to complete the sentences below: advice, baggage, respect,
furniture, consideration, jewellery, openness, housework, property, knowledge, experience.
1. My ………. in the Cabinet Office helped me to see how much more effective are the Cabinet
ministers, who treat their colleagues with ………., ………. and ………..
2. The room was so full of ………. it was difficult to move.
3. She doesn´t have enough time to do the ………..
4. All the passengers carried their own ………..
5. I have very little ………. of electricity.
6. The police eventually found most of the stolen ………..
7. Women should keep expensive ………. in a safe.
8. I thought he had given her some ………. about her move to New York.
2) Mark C for countable and U for uncountable nouns.
1. Mr. Jordan told her to keep him informed of the progress of her job search. 2. The other source of
his determination is his knowledge of history. 3. He left brief messages on her answering machine.
4. Truth and justice have long been delayed. 5. I am sorry for not replying sooner but I had some
business to take care of. 6. Is there any evidence that ghosts exist? 7. After all the excitement the
children were tired. 8. I think it is cruel to do experiments on animals. 9. She told me a lot of gossip
about all her relations.
3) Add a, an, 0 or some to distinguish between count and non-count nouns.
1. He bristles when people say he knows nothing about managing … economy, boasting of his
academic credentials in … economics.
2. She gave me … good advice.
3. I hope this letter finds you in … good health.
4. To get a job in Switzerland foreigners need … special permission.
5. There is … pollution everywhere, even in the countryside.
6. … assistant brings her … large leather book.
7. Then abruptly, wrote … eyewitness, “the earth showed … awful mouth from which poured out …
smoke, … fire, and … ashes.
8. They bought … mining machinery.
9. She has … long black hair.
10. There was … long black hair in my soup.
11. He found flying … wonderful experience.
12. The committee were prepared for … lengthy sitting.
13. … sitting in a comfortable armchair makes me sleepy.
4) Complete the following sentences with partitives.
1. How many ….. of string did you need to use?
2. She has bought two ….. of flour, three ….. of biscuits and a ….. of jam.
3. Cut three ….. of that brown ….. of bread.
4. What have you been doing with those ….. of grass?
5. You should take three ….. of medicine every day.
6. Add a few ….. of oil, a ….. of pepper and a ….. of salt.
7. The truck drove off in a ….. of dust.
8. Firemen have to be trained to direct the ….. of water from their hoses accurately.
9. Can you give me another ….. of paper?
10. There wasn´t a ….. of truth in what she said.
11. He had finished lunch in the house when a ….. of lightning hit the thatched roof.
12. I saw a big flash and then heard a huge ….. of thunder.
NOUNS – PLURAL
1) Explain the peculiarities of plural formation in the nouns used in the following sentences.
1. Far above the rich valleys, where subalpine firs dot the timberline, deer and elk range free while
Olympic marmots fatten on wild flowers for winter hibernation.
2. When summer comes, there are blackberries to gather for local dealers.
3. Winter is the time to collect pinecones, which they sell for seed to local nurseries.
4. Though they find ideal habitat in these waters, salmon are in decline partially because of
overharvesting by commercial fishermen.
2) Complete the correct plural forms of the words in brackets.
1. Toxic (gas) forced the early (excavator) to abandon the site.
2. “We are dying like (mouse),” complained a woman.
3. Marine (biologist) have noted increasing population of southern fur (seal) and various (species) of
(penguin).
4. The (copy) of earlier Greek (masterpiece) are now lost.
5. Some (person) were killed when their (roof) collapsed.
6. Can you see these (groove) on her (tooth)?
7. He gave her two (brooch).
8. All the (MP) had (photo) taken with the President.
9. He put the (knife) all together in the middle of the table.
10. I personally do not approve of the image of (woman) as (housewife).
11. I prefer eating fresh things like (tomato) and (lettuce).
12. Comic and tragic (mask), along with (mime) and (pantomime), were popular (motif).
13. Released into the sea, fertile (egg) sink (hundred) of metres to (depth) where the (egg) hatch and
the (larva) develop.
14. Along this ancient beach lay an entire Roman population: (man, woman) and (child, patrician,
freedman and slave).
15. My own (belief) differ from those of the church in several (way).
16. He saw everything buried deep in (ash) like (snowdrift).
17. The electronic age has changed our (life).
18. (Passer-by) – respectable (citizen) and (office worker) – looked with amazement and horror.
19. Malarial (mosquito) breed in stagnant water.
20. Such goods are freighted in the (aircraft), which fly between the (village).
21. The farmer keeps (goose), (goat), (sheep) and (grouse).
22. Most (editor-in-chief) opposed the facts.
3) Fill in the correct plural forms of the words given in the brackets.
1. The dead wood left on the ground by flattened (tree) also provided an ideal home for rare (fungus,
beetle) and (larva).
2. There are now (bacterium) commonly found in (hospital ward).
3. A slightly crooked back and fused (vertebra) could have been caused by years of slave labour. 4. A
starfish grasps the (antenna) with (tooth).
5. The author suspects that such ice (alga) may be a valuable food source during Antarctic winter. 6.
There has never been a serious study of these (phenomenon).
7. Very few other Roman (skeleton) have survived.
8. The way they lie in the ancient (stratum) will help him work out (scenario) of how Vesuvius took
those (life).
9. (Anthropologist) who specialize in the (analysis) of ancient (bone), have been on site since my first
visit.
10. The (eye) are sometimes (index) of character.
4) Rewrite these sentences in the plural
1. Has the crisis changed the character of the region?
2. The volcano seems so inescapable.
3. This Roman craft promises to reveal much to an archaeologist.
4. A hunting dog attack deer.
5. Each phase of an eruption deposits a stratum of lava.
6. A hunt scene was another motif of the garden wall painting.
7. The monkey is a sacred animal in India.
8. The researcher injected the virus into the mouse and watched as its muscle improved.
9. The louse loves dirty skin and dirty hair.
10. A musk ox is an animal that survives well on the tundra.
11. The giant tree whisked softly in the wind, and dropped a leaf like a brown handkerchief.
12. The take-off of the rocket is sometimes delayed.
5) Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
1. The score was found in the archive of the town´s library.
2. He continues to try to dance but is in constant pains.
3. In the tropic, it is easy to find ten different specieses than ten specimen of the same species.
4. The islandes in the Maldive have developed on coral reeves.
5. My father was appalled and said: “I know you´ve got brain!”
6. The Netherland will ban the breeding and sales of four types of dangerous dog from July.
7. Domino was probably imported from France but dart is an English game.
8. He is rapidly leading his troop away from the European Union.
9. I spent the morning unpacking my cloths.
10. The premise has been enlarged since my last visit.
11. They simply disappeared, possibly in catastrophies, during the Middle age.
12. We rejected the proposal on the ground that it involved further unemployments.
13. I have to take the train because the house is on the outskirt of London.
14. They hunted foxes and gazelles.
15. There were a few looker-ons watching television quizes.
6) Use the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. It´s (custom) in Japan to take off your shoes before entering a house.
2. You will have to pass through the (custom).
3. Despite all his (effort), the prisoner failed to escape.
4. Digging the tunnel demanded a great deal of (effort).
5. The motel has hot and cold (water) in each bedroom.
6. The Antarctic (water) are remote from the countries.
7. European (force) may have to work together.
8. The (force) of the explosion blew out all the windows.
9. (Bowl) is also popular among people with (disability).
10. Don´t you realize the (damage) these (chemical) are doing to our environment?
11. The court awarded him a great sum of money in (damage).
12. They have no (ground) for complaint.
13. Please give your sister my warmest (regard).
14. He shows no (regard) for other people.
15. This map is drawn to the (scale) of 1:250000.
16. She has weighed all the (fruit) on the (scale).
17. She takes great (pain) with her work.
18. He read the (minute) of the previous meeting.
19. (That/Those) statistics (to be) incorrect.
20. Physics (to seek) to understand the mysteries of the physical world.
GENDER
1) Supply the missing words (counterparts)
1. prince - ….. 2. duke - … 3. male - … 4. god - … 5. bride - …… 6. aunt - …… 7. turkey - ….. 8.
hen - … 9. goose - …10. stallion - …11. ram - …12. wife - …13. hero- … 14. spinster - …
15. widower - … 16. grandson - …17. wizard - … 18. emperor - …19. queen - … 20. usher - …
21. countess - …22. niece - …. 23. monk - … 24. Dear Sir - … 25. stewardess - …
GENITIVE
1) Put the genitive inflectional morpheme ´s or just apostrophe ´ in the space marked / / in the
following expressions.
1. the country / / problems, 2. the boss / / computer, 3. boys / / cars, 4. the horse / / mouth, 5. a lady / /
lipstick, 6. Achilles / / heel, 7. ladies / / wear, 8. the teacher / / plan, 9. women / / movement, 10.
Slovakia / / foreign trade, 11. librarians / / duties, 12. the Church / / activity, 13. actresses / /
opportunities, 14. your money / / worth, 16. Oedipus / / life, 17. a year / / time, 18. children / /
behaviour
2) Put the nouns in brackets into the correct genitive construction.
1. (Yesterday, paper) reported that a sinking super-tanker caused an oil spill of enormous extent.
2. The tanker caught fire. By (a hair, breadth) most of the (crew, ship) escaped burning to death.
3. Without (a moment, hesitation) the rescue party went to work in spite of the danger.
4. Any (attempt, firemen) to rescue the crew was dangerous because of (the ship, explosive cargo)
5. One sailor said he knew it would be (the journey, end) when he saw flames.
6. (friends, sailor) had warned him before that this journey wasn´t like most others.
7. They said it wasn´t any (fault, crew) that the (ship, steering unit) didn´t work.
8. The owner demanded a refund but the insurance company didn´t agree with these (ideas, owner)
9. The (captain, ship) is accused of having neglected his duty.
10. He is assured that (for justice, sake) no court can condemn him.
11. As the nearest coastline was only about a (mile, distance), severe damage was done there too.
12. The (feathers, seabirds) were glued together by the out flowing oil which made them unable to fly.
13. Ecologists said that (for mercy, sake) people should try to find new and more secure ways of
shipping dangerous cargos.
3) Turn the following phrases in the genitive forms.
1. The report was released yesterday.
2. Most residents now own their own homes.
3. The woman applied for the job.
4. Everyone was surprised that we had won.
5. There was another reason why George was eager to pass by my house.
6. My uncle advised his friend to pursue his interest in the garden.
7. Denis had strong affection for her.
8. How did your sister-in-law react to meeting George again?
9. People are always trying to explain why man is inhuman to man.
10. The President decided to sign a bill creating the park.
11. The loggers who work in the woods continue to wear the traditional uniform.
12. The voyage has taken two hours and now the ship is sinking.
13. Slovakia wants to enter the European Union.
14. People have the right to know what the city is going to do about the transport problem.
15. The black rights leader was assassinated.
PRONOUNS
1) Identify the pronouns in the following sentences and determine their category.
1. He reminded me of myself when I was that young.
2. Who knows what will happen four years from now?
3. He sent her a photo of himself wearing the tie she had bought for him.
4. As long as no one saw us – and no one did – then nothing happened.
5. There was a concern of mine that she was spending more time with him.
6. They lived in their gardens, they ate in them, they made them a major part of their lives.
7. His culture and mine were worlds apart.
8. In less than a year she had learnt to walk and to feed herself with a spoon.
9. It was assumed that the two men ignored one another.
10. I thought that he talked to them about something else.
11. We have nothing to be ashamed of.
12. That job is not an easy one.
2) Fill the blanks with pronouns, there is sometimes more than one possibility.
1. ............... of these two motorcycles would you like? ........ would do.
2. The crowd enjoyed the basketball match. ........ got excited whenever the home team scored. ...........
were proud of .............
3. Peggy has only ......... to blame for the mistake she made.
4. Some babies begin talking as early as six months, ........ don´t speak until ........... are more than two
years.
5. We should ask ........ if .......... are doing everything in ......... power.
6. Everyone should ask ......... if ........... (is, are) doing everything in ........... power.
7. As for Clinton ........, .......... seems reconciled to his new situation.
8. I looked at the list to see ........ name was before ........
9. Vesuvius ......... has been quiet since 1944. ......... more could ......... want?
10. Over the centuries many artists have copied the “Last Supper”, but ........... so successfully.
11. .......... were killed when their roofs collapsed, ......... found .......... trapped inside.
12. I´ll change the light bulb for a more powerful ..........
13. Here is a man ....... medical practice failed.
14. She is beautiful. I love those eyes of ........
15. French towns ....... I know well are different from Slovak .......
16. Don´t get so upset. ....... can make a mistake.
17. These glasses of ......... need changing.
18. Remember how we used to go dancing every Friday night? Ah, yes, ........ were the days!
19. At departure ceremonies she made eye contact with ........, shook hands, and introduced .........
20. Have you found the two books? No, ........ of ......... I was looking for.
3) Fill the blanks with an appropriate form of wh- pronouns.
1. .... caused the fight in our story?
2. ..... is their profession?
3. ..... made you sure this film would be a success?
4. Do you have any idea ..... the plane will arrive?
5. I can´t hear ..... the guide is saying.
6. The man ..... sister is our teacher is leaving.
7. ...... scene seemed most impressive to you?
4) Correct the errors in the following sentences.
1. I promised me it wasn´t going to happen again..
2. They looked at themselves for a moment.
3. We must no longer fight among us.
4. His hobbies, when he finds time for it, are marathon running and mountain walking.
5. A commander responded that it was no of theirs business which the President chose to see.
6. Look at you in the mirror otherwise your father won´t let you go somewhere.
7. None of the two girls were telling the truth.
8. The oven turns off when the food is cooked.
9. If she is not careful, she can hurt.
10. That wooden chairs did not cost more than 100 pounds every.
11. Paul wants to sit between you and I during the horror film.
12. Children need to learn to rely upon them.
5) Choose correct quantifiers
1. The economy is bad for small businesses, but the mayor is happy that (few - a few) were able
to open earlier this month.
2. The doctors could do (much – little) to help the terminal cancer patient.
3. The water should be purified with chlorine bleach. Add (little – a little) t the container and let it
sit for 15 minutes.
4. After the accident, the bridge was covered with oil. Did (much – many) spill into the river?
5. Mary has a lot of friends, but she was sad when so (few – little) came to her graduation ceremony.
6. A few trees were already in bloom, (few – a few) still had no leaves at all.
7. How much money is being sent on roads? Too (little – a little).
6) Fill the blank with the appropriate pronoun or determiner indicated in brackets.
1. (demonstrative) boys over there really dislike (reciprocal), don´t (subject pronoun).
2. Don´t worry (indefinite) will harm (object pronoun).
3. A thing like (demonstrative) can happen to (indefinite).
4. He decided to enter politics (reflexive).
5. (demonstrative) oranges cost thirty pence (universal).
6. That car of (possessive) won´t go. Can I borrow (possessive)?
7. Is there (indefinite) here you ´d like to speak to?
8. John´s house is in the country while (possessive) is in the city near where they work.
9. If you see Keith, could you tell (objective) I´ve repaired it (reflexive).
10. The person (relative) my cousin married was from a rich family.
ADJECTIVES
1) Supply the right adjectival forms from the words in brackets using derivational morphemes
1. I have an extremely ...... neighbour. (trouble)
2. It is fairly ..... that such conflicts will continue. (predict)
3. First we need to improve our ..... situation. (economy)
4. Buy a large packet, it is more ..... (economy)
5. An ..... investigation finally revealed the cause of the accident. (exhaust)
6. Traffic fumes are very ..... to our health (harm)
7. I made several ..... mistakes. (regret)
8. They shed ..... tears when they heard the news. (regret)
9. His mother saw a ..... black cloud. (fear)
10. Many ..... items of everyday life remained intact. (perish)
2) Form adjectives from the following nouns.
1 universe; 2 reason; 3 rain; 4 poison; 5 ice; 6 danger; 7 taste; 8 greed; 9 tolerance; 10 hero; 11 wealth;
12 power; 13 envy; 14 science; 15 sun; 16 value; 17 guilt; 18 terror; 19 totality; 20 winter
3) Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses.
1. (two hours) The plane was late. We had a ...................... wait.
2. (ten years old) I have a .................. brother
3. (three letters) “Big” and “sit” are ................... words.
4. (five minutes) I gave a ................. speech in class.
5. (ten speeds) Paul has a ........................ bike.
6. (two lanes) We drove down an old .................. highway.
7. (thirty years old) They live in a .......................... house.
4) Form classifying adjectives indicating the nationality of origin.
1 Denmark; 2 Alaska; 3 Iceland; 4 Malta; 5 Greece; 6 Chile; 7 Senegal; 8 Belgium; 9 Latvia;
10 Finland; 11 Morocco; 12 Iraq; 13 Croatia; 14 Nepal; 15 Holland; 16 Peru; 17 Norway;
18 Hungary; 19 Cyprus; 20 Lithuania; 21 Japan; 22 Panama; 23 San Marino; 24 Afghanistan;
25 Spain; 26 China; 27 Slovenia; 28 Palestine; 29 Poland; 30 Quebec; 31 Mongolia; 32 Texas;
33 Washington; 34 Scotland; 35 Paris; 36 Turkey; 37 Wales; 38 Ukraine; 39 Pennsylvania;
40 Bulgaria; 41 Sweden; 42 Vienna; 43 Switzerland; 44 Vietnam; 45 Yemen; 46 Monaco;
47 Romania; 48 Seychelles; 49 Portugal; 50 Austria;
5) Complete the sentences with the correct participial adjectives.
1. So far, the signs are ….. (promise)
2. The magazine has no pictures and it´s very ….. (bore)
3. Her parents were ….. that she had won. (delight)
4. The audience were ….. when they saw such an ….. film. (excite)
5. He was a very ….. person, I always felt ….. when I was around him. (reassure)
6. The instructions on the cash dispenser are ….., I am thoroughly …… (confuse)
7. It´s too ….. to return. We feel a bit ….. (frighten)
8. She tried to present ….. arguments, but I wasn´t ….. (convince)
9. She was ….. when I asked her how she made her living. (amuse)
10. She has never been so ….. in her life. She will never forget the ….. experience. (humiliate)
11. That face cream is ….., my face is ….. (irritate)
12. I read a ….. story yesterday, I was so ….. that I couldn´t sleep. (move)
13. After an ….. trip we felt ….. (exhaust)
14. Edgar Allan Poe´s Tales were ….., I was ….. by them. (fascinate)
6) Supply the correct form of adjectives in brackets
1. Bad behaviour has consequences, even if you are (powerful) man in the world.
2. They will create (few) but (well-paying) jobs.
3. He is (boring) man I´ve ever known.
4. He looks (thin) than when I saw him last summer.
5. Despite the increase in crime, punishments are still (strict) than they should be.
6. This unique ability makes the computer one of (exciting) electronic technologies.
7. The catastrophe destroyed (lovely) regions of the earth.
8. (warm) the climate, (great) the variety of species there is.
9. Beneath the Pacific fog can be found some of the world´s (big) trees, (fat) salmon, (exotic)
coastline and (wet) weather.
10. At the cabinet meeting (angry) person around the table was one of those who had been
(supportive) last January.
7) Rewrite these sentences so that they express the same meaning, but use comparatives of
superiority instead of those of inferiority.
1. Your phone calls have become less frequent than hers.
2. Conventional photography is less expensive than digital photography.
3. Written work is certainly no less important than oral work.
4. Wood is less dense than water.
5. George is less able than his brother.
6. My granny is less feeble than my grandfather.
7. The Dracula film was less frightening than the film I saw yesterday.
8. Barbara is less pretty but also less quarrelsome than Juliet.
9. This stream flows less silently than a big river.
10. Keats is less well-known than Byron.
8) Re-form the following sentences using a comparative and than.
1. Upstairs the ceilings aren´t as high as they are downstairs.
2. It isn´t nearly as noisy here as it was at the airport.
3. They don´t live as near the beach as they´d like to.
4. The house next door isn´t so well built as ours.
5. We haven´t done as much garden work as we should have.
6. Slovakia isn´t so densely populated as China.
7. There isn´t as little petrol in the tank as you thought there was.
8. Inflation is not so bad this year as last.
9. Chamois weren´t so scare twenty years ago as they are now.
10. German people weren´t so hospitable as the Slovaks.
9) Use negative derivational morphemes to form the right adjectives.
1. The film is full of violence and is (suitable) for children.
2. He felt rather (secure) about taking the exam.
3. This (pleasant) man with his (end) complaints have ruined my journey.
4. Richard is very forgetful and (reliable).
5. There is (adequate) money to maintain such a large monument.
6. The origins of many tunes known today are (clear).
7. Certain of her pelvic bones show rather (usual) and (expected) changes.
8. Until the craft can be lifted, its interior remains (visible).
9. It is (possible) to forecast the next eruption.
10. It´s (graceful) state of affairs when decent folk are afraid to leave their homes.
10) Replace the phrase underlined by a noun phrase with an adjective as head when such
replacement is permissible.
1. Most of the sick people were very old.
2. He´s gone to see his sick mother.
3. Some blind people like to be led across the road.
4. He has become a symbol of justice, looking out for the poor and oppressed inhabitants of his
country.
5. The exhausted man climbed a 15 ft cliff.
6. The good things he has done for mankind will never be forgotten.
7. “We must direct our battles against the white men who try to take our lands,” he said.
8. I don´t know who will defend the accused youth.
9. An abstract thought sometimes appeals more than a concrete idea.
10. The wounded man nearly bled to death.
11) Use the correct form of either converted or derived adjectives to complete the following
sentences.
1. Press reports suggest that major (gold) deposits are still to be reached.
2. I walked along through a (gold) snowstorm.
3. I seem to be on this (stone) path, which hasn´t served me well.
4. We walk to a cemetery just outside the city (stone) walls.
5. She can style her hair so it looks as (silk) and sleek as if she´s stepped out of the hairdresser´s.
6. I reach down and pull from the bottom a light (air) rock.
7. (Bronze) cups, lamps, and even petty cash were unearthed.
8. Loggers with families can rent any of the (wood) houses.
9. Exquisite (gold) bracelets and (silver) rings were found beneath her.
10. This issue gives us a (gold) opportunity to discuss it with teenagers.
ADVERBS
1) Change each sentence, turning the adjective into an adverb.
1. John is a good driver and a hard worker.
2. My secretary is a poor typist but a superb cook.
3. His brother is a fast runner and a clever chess player.
4. Andrew is a reluctant student and a heavy smoker.
5. That composer is a bad pianist but a wonderful singer.
2) Complete the sentences with an adjective or an adverb using the correct degree.
1. A country can be different without being (good) or (bad) than your own.
2. (efficient) the engine, (little) petrol it uses.
4. It was (good) flight I´d ever been to.
5. Two days (late) his body was found on the beach.
6. Pompeii had at (little) three public baths.
7. (few) than a fifth of the children ate the recommended five portions of fruit and vegetables a
day.
8. It was (delicious) oyster I have ever tasted.
9. I was asked why (late) shipment had not arrived.
10. It was by far (bad) incident reported.
11. The (low) part of the building must have a much greater mass than the upper part.
12. Which of the two sisters is the (old)?
3) Complete the sentences with an adjective or an adverb derived from an adjective given in
brackets.
1. (lazy) The boat floated ….. down the stream. We had a very …. holiday.
2. (miserable) Stop looking so ….. She looked ….. at her husband.
3. (powerful) He was a ….. built man. It was a ….. engine.
4. (weary) He climbed ….. up the hill. I´m afraid I feel rather …..
5. (awful) The film was ….. The film was ….. long.
6. (sympathetic) She smiled ….. at him. John has a very ….. manner.
7. (angry) George looked ….. at his wife. He was very …..
8. (poor) There are a lot of very ….. people there. They were very ….. dressed.
VERBS
1) Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. The cuckoo was startled and it (fly) off immediately.
2. The Victorians (deal) with the matter more briskly than would be possible today.
3. When the earthquake (strike) in September 1997, irreplaceable ceiling frescoes (come)
crashing to the floor of the Upper Church of the Basilica of St Francis in Assissi.
4. Halfway across the Atlantic, a storm (blow) up.
5. Before he retired, he (dig) three small lakes on his own land.
6. In the still, hot afternoon air it (smell) like a sauna.
7. I (thrust) my ticket at someone in uniform.
8. My last day on Gomera I (seek) out the island´s slowest traveller.
9. You can come out of hiding now. Those men (go).
10. They (not see) each other when they were out shopping.
11. Why are you crying? - I (lose) my toy motor car.
12. I (open) the door and (catch) him in the act.
13. He (be) the last to come out of the cave.
14. I (see) many disasters in my life.
15. He (depend) on us long enough. Let him earn his own living.
16. I hear you just (get) married. (get) you married at a registry office or in church?
17. When you (be) last at Joe´s place? - I can´t remember, I (not see) him for ages.
18. I (play) the guitar when he (interrupt) me.
19. I (obtain) my divorce. So it (come) through after all.
20. They (near) the end of their journey when they (see) a fox.
21. She (practise) the piano whenever we want to sleep.
22. Where (go) the potatoes? They (be) in the basket when I (look) before. - They (be) in the pot.
(peel) them a few minutes ago.
23. Walk slowly, I (have) difficulty in keeping up with you.
24. Come round in the morning. I (paint) the kitchen.
25. They (come) to lunch every Tuesday, as a rule, but last Tuesday they (not be) here.
26. The water (pour) out of the house as I (come) up the path.
27. Who (wear) my hat? I can´t find it.
28. Where (hurry) you when I (see) you?
29. They (be) there an hour when you (turn) up.
30. He wanted to know where you (go) to.
31. The baby (cry) but he doesn´t care.
32. (work) you the week before Easter? I (think) of visiting you.
33. You constantly (poke) your nose into other people´s business.
34. Until then we (travel) and (see) a lot.
35. Next year he (drive) his truck for twenty years.
36. I´ll be ready in a minute. I just (brush) my hair.
37. Do tell me about their wedding! I (die) to hear.
38. He already (lie) in hospital when his wife (hear) of the accident.
39. When I last (see) George, he (play) cricket.
40. Look! The young man (enter) the fitness centre over there.
41. We (go) to play football but it (start) to rain.
42. The children already (have) breakfast.
43. I (ring) to confirm our meeting tomorrow.
44. Where you (stay), before you (move) into this flat?
45. You (finish) that book yet? You (read) it for more than a week.
I
2) Replace the modal verbs in the following sentences by other modals. If possible, keep
the same meaning.
1. The irritation that the oil may cause should not be serious enough to make it necessary to
consult a doctor, but if symptoms persist they should do so.
2. We might serve that with fresh asparagus or wild mushrooms.
3. Couples ought to be seated at the same table.
4. His only hope then was that he might be able to get some from the enemy.
5. You have to get rid of your desire gradually.
6. Could you copy this letter and send it out, please?
7. May I borrow your umbrella?
8. Personally, I would not sleep there.
9. There could be many fascinating ships out there.
10. We didn´t need to be doing things together all the time.
3) Determine the tense, aspect and voice of the following verb forms.
1 it is grown
2 it is being grown
3 it is growing
4 it grew
5 it had been grown
6 it grows
7 it will be grown
8 it has grown
9 it has been growing
10 it had grown
11 it was grown
12 it had been growing
13 it will have been growing
14 it will grow
15 it will have been being grown
4) Find out the modals in the sentences and say what they express (ability, advice,
certainty, obligation, permission, possibility, prohibition, request)
1. Translators and interpreters must constantly maintain their proficiency in English.
2. Only chefs who have been trained in London can prepare food for the best restaurants.
3. Would you change this computer for a new one?
4. Even the protected southern whales may not survive. They could become extinct.
5. Long before the holiday season you should find a hair stylist.
6. Could you tell me how long the journey will take?
7. You must not show fear when sharks come into view.
8. Toys can help children learn about the world around them.
9. Someone must have stolen my bicycle.
10. He can´t have taken his car to work, it´s still in the garage.
5) Use future perfect to express events that will be complete at some time in the future.
1) The committee are finishing the preparations for the group. They will be finalized very soon.
2) The housekeeping staff are cleaning the rooms. They will be ready in an hour.
3) Delegates are receiving this information. They will have it at least a week before the conference.
4) International Hotels Inc. are building their new centre. It will be ready by the end of the year.
5) UK Airways are not introducing new aircraft on this route yet. It won´t happen before 2020.