Using Dr. Hardin's test breakdown I went and fished out some questions from the lists on Candace Gillespie's Website.
Some things to note
1. Dr. Hardin's categories were more specific for test one making it easier to find those questions. Since "male and female goodies" and
"relationships" are really broad I stayed away from those, and they are essentially absent in the list.
2. I only verified the answers in UL so there might be some mistakes in the other parts.
3. This was saved in MS wordpad, because the autoformating in MS Word was driving me insane and I had to switch to the more archiac yet simpler wordpad.
Still MS word should open it, if not try wordpad its on every computer with windows.
Anyway I hope this helps some people out, and I encourage everyone to email something that they have found/made to the class. We are all in this together and if anyone has a tip, trick, mnemonic that works share it.
Cumulative Questions Master List:
Following fracture of the surgical neck of the humerous, a patient has difficulty in abducting his arm, and there is loss of cutaneous sensation in a small area overlying the deltoid muscle. What nerve has been damaged?
A. suprascapular
B. radial
C. lower subscapular
D. axillary
E. thoracodorsal
Answer: D
Branches of the roots (ventral primary rami) of the brachial plexus include which of the following:
A. intercostobrachial cutaneous nerve
B. medial brachial cutaneous nerve
C. suprascapular nerve
D. upper subscapular nerve
E. dorsal scapular nerve
Answer: E
The medial boundary (wall) of the axilla is a muscle innervated by which nerve?
A. thoracodorsal
B. long thoracic
C. dorsal scapular
D. medial pectoral
E. upper and lower subscapular

Answer: B
In the arm, the radial nerve:
A. encircles the surgical neck of the humerous
B. passes between the long and short heads of the biceps muscle
C. accompanies the posterior circumflex humeral artery
D. travels between the brachialis and brachioradialis muscle
E. would be endangered by fractures of the medial epicondyle
Answer: D
In the cubital fossa the median nerve passes:
A. anterior to the brachialis muscle
B. directly lateral to the median cubital vein
C. superficial to the bicipital aponeurosis
D. lateral to the brachial artery
E. through the supinator muscle
Answer: A
Each of the following statements concerning the radial artery is true except:
A. Its proximal one-half is covered by the brachioradialis muscle.
B. It passes deep to the tendons forming the boundaries of the anatomical snuff box.
C. Its pulse is most easily taken in the distal part of the forearm, just lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis.
D. It gives rise to the anterior interosseous artery.
E. It passes between the two heads of the first dorsal interosseous muscle.
Answer: D
What important structure passes between the two heads of pronator teres?
A. ulnar nerve
B. ulnar artery
C. median nerve
D. radial nerve (deep branch)
E. radial artery
Answer: C
In a patient with a completely severed ulnar nerve at the wrist (one finger width proximal to the pisiform bone), you should expect each of the following except:
A. paralysis of the three hypothenar muscles
B. paralysis of the adductor pollicis
C. paralysis of the abductors and adductors of the fingers
D. paralysis of the medial two lumbricals
E. loss of cutaneous sensation to the dorsal surface of the little finger
Answer: E
A piece of shrapnel hits a soldier in the lateral thoracic wall in the region of the axilla. He has a winged scapula, that is, the medial border of the scapula stands out prominently from the rib cage. What nerve would you expect to be damaged?
A. thoracodorsal
B. accessory nerve
C. long thoracic
D. radial nerve
E. axillary nerve
Answer: C

Traumatic abduction of the arm can result in a loss of function in all the small intrinsic muscles of the hand.
This indicates injury to spinal nerve(s):
A. C5 and C6
B. C3 and C4
C. C6 and C7
D. C8 and T1
E. T2 and T3
Answer: D
This injury described below, which severely damages a nearby nerve, would most likely result in a loss of the pincer action of the thumb and a positive Froment’s sign.
A. fracture of the neck of the radius
B. a deep cut on the anterior surface of the wrist, just lateral to the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon
C. a fracture of the shaft of the humerus
D. a deep cut over the tendons of the anatomical snuff box
E. a deep cut in the region of the cubital fossa just medial to the biceps tendon
Answer: B
If there is an occlusion in the axillary artery between its 1st and 2nd parts, blood can usually reach the 3rd part of the axillary artery by anastomoses between a branch of the thyrocervical trunk (from subclavian artery) and which artery?
A. highest thoracic
B. thoracoacromial
C. lateral thoracic
D. circumflex scapular
E. deep brachial
Answer: D
In the somatic efferent pathway from the spinal cord to the rectus abdominis mucle (a muscle of the anterior abdominal wall), the impulse passes through:
A. a dorsal primary ramus
B. a ventral root of a thoracic nerve
C. a ganglion containing unipolar neurons
D. a ganglion containing synapses
E. a plexus formed by ventral primary rami
Answer: B
A fourteen year old boy had a deep penetrating cut on the posterolateral aspect of his forearm, just distal to the neck of the radius; clinical findings included inability to extend the thumb and MCP joints of the fingers, impairment of thumb abduction, normal opposition of the thumb, and no loss of sensation. The severed nerve was the:
A. median nerve
B. ulnar nerve
C. radial nerve
D. deep brach of radial nerve
E. anterior interosseous nerve
Answer: D
Suppose that the median nerve is severed about one inch proximal to the proximal edge of the flexor retinaculum. Which of the following muscles would most likely lose their motor innervation?
A. adductor pollicis
B. extensor pollicis brevis
C. medial two lumbricals
D. opponens pollicis
E. abductor pollicis longus

Answer: D
Each superficial back muscle:
A. is innervated by dorsal primary rami, except trapezius
B. originates (partly or entirely) from the vertebral column
C. provides stability to the glenohumoral joint
D. is innervated by branches of the superior trunk of the brachial plexus
E. rotates the scapula, so that the glenoid fossa faces upward
Answer: B
The ligamentum flavum is found:
A. on the anterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies
B. on the posterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies
C. connecting adjacent laminae
D. connecting adjacent pedicles
E. denticulate ligaments
Answer: C
The posterior longitudinal ligament:
A. must be removed in the process of a laminectomy
B. is found on the anterior surfaces of the bodies of the vertebral column
C. lies anterior to the spinal cord and its coverings
D. lines the inner surfaces of adjacent vertebral arches
E. would be punctured by the tip of a needle which entered the dural sac from its dorsal side
Answer: C
Intervertebral foramina are bounded superiorly and inferiorly by ______.
A. laminae
B. pedicles
C. ligamentum flavum
D. superior and inferior articular processes
E. transverse processes
Answer: B
The musculocutaneous nerve usually enters this muscle just after it branches from one of the cords of the brachial plexus:
A. biceps brachii
B. teres major
C. subscapularis
D. coracobracialis
E. brachialis
Answer: D
Wrist drop due to nerve damage would be most likely to occur with a fracture of the:
A. surgical neck of the humerus
B. midshaft of the humerus
C. medial epicondyle of the humerus
D. neck of the radius
E. capitulum of the humerus
Answer: B
The most medial structure passing through the cubital fossa is the:
A. biceps brachii tendon
B. median nerve
C. ulnar nerve

D. brachial artery
E. radial nerve
Answer: Bt
If a fracture of the midshaft of the humerus damages a major nerve, the nerve that is the most likely to be injured is the:
A. musculocutaneous
B. radial
C. deep radial
D. median
E. axillary
Answer: B
This nerve supplies no muscles of the arm, but it courses through the proximal portion of one compartment of the arm and the distal portion of the other compartment of the arm:
A. radial
B. musculocutaneous
C. median
D. ulnar
E. medial cutaneous of the forearm
Answer: D
Damage to the nerve that lies on the lateral surface of the medial wall of the axilla results in the following:
A. inability to medially rotate the arm
B. inability to adduct the arm
C. winging of the scapula
D. paralysis of the teres minor
E. paralysis of the teres major
Answer: C
If the biceps brachii tendon reflex were absent or diminished and the triceps brachii and brachioradialis tendon reflexes were normal, the patient could have damage to this nerve:
A. C5
B. C6
C. C7
D. C8
E. T1
Answer: A
The ___ nerve accompanies the ___ artery through the quadrilateral space.
A. axillary - posterior humeral circumflex
B. axillary - subscapular
C. radial - anterior humeral circumflex
D. radial - profunda brachii
E. long thoracic - lateral thoracic
Answer: A
Blockage of the 2nd part of the axillary artery could be bypassed by connections between the ___ artery and the ___ artery.
A. suprascapular - highest thoracic
B. suprascapular - lateral thoracic
C. suprascapular - thoracoacromial
D. superficial cervical - suprascapular
E. suprascapular - subscapular
Answer: E

In a patient with a badly damaged first thoracic nerve, you should expect:
A. partial or complete paralysis of many of the intrinsic hand muscles
B. the upper limb to be in a position of a waiter hinting for a tip, i.e. a pronated hand and a medially rotated arm
C. both
D. neither
Answer: A
A supracondylar fracture of the humerus injured the median nerve; motor deficits expected include:
A. loss of opposition of the thumb
B. loss of flexion of PIP and DIP joints of the index and middle fingers
C. both
D. neither
Answer: C
This nerve is most vulnerable to injury from fractures of the proximal one-third of the radius:
A. median
B. ulnar
C. radial
D. deep radial
E. anterior interosseous
Answer: D
Through most of the forearm, the median nerve lies directly posterior to the:
A. antebrachial fascia
B. flexor carpi radialis
C. bracioradialis
D. flexor digitorum superficialis
E. flexor digitorum profundus
Answer: D
The spiral groove of the humerus usually is occupied by the
A. ulnar nerve
B. superior ulnar collateral artery
C. inferior ulnar collateral artery
D. tendon of the long head of biceps brachii
E. radial nerve
Answer: E
The terminal branches of the brachial artery are usually the
A. radial artery
B. ulnar artery
C. common interosseous artery
D. both A and B
E. A, B and C
Answer: D
If the deep radial nerve were cut at its origin from the radial nerve, the patient would still be able to extend the hand at the wrist because this/these muscles would still be innervated
A. brachioradialis
B. extensor carpi radialis longus
C. extensor carpi radialis brevis
D. A and B
E. A, B and C

Answer: B
If the axillary artery were blocked in its 1st or 2nd part, usually blood could reach the third part of the axillary artery from the deep branch of the superficial cervical artery via this artery
A. thoracoacromial
B. highest thoracic
C. lateral thoracic
D. subscapular
E. deep brachial artery
Answer: D
Which statement is incorrect?
A. The median nerve arises from both the lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus.
B. The medial brachial cutanious nerve is a sensory nerve for the skin on the medial side of the arm.
C. The continuation of the musculocutaneous nerve below the cubital region is called the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve.
D. The roots of the brachial plexus are vental primary rami of C-5 through T-1.
E. As you look down on the left shoulder from above, the radial nerve would spiral counterclockwise around the humerus as it passes through the arm.
Answer: E
Which of the following arteries arises from the second part of the axillary artery?
A. subscapular
B. thoracoacromial
C. posterior humeral circumflex
D. supreme (highest) thoracic
E. anterior humeral circumflex
Answer: B
Which of the following muscles serves to divide the axillary artery into three parts?
A. teres minor
B. pectoralis major
C. pectoralis minor
D. teres major
E. subclavius
Answer: C
In the middle region of the arm, the musculocutaneous nerve is located:
A. posterior to the lateral intermuscular septum
B. between the biceps and the brachialis muscles
C. spiraling around the humerus just below the insertion of the deltoid muscle
D. in the posterior compartment
E. deep to the brachialis muscle
Answer: B
The deep palmar arterial arch lies deep to:
A. the distal transverse crease of the palm
B. the proximal transverse crease of the palm
C. a line drawn across the hand at the level of the distal border of the extended thumb
D. a line drawn across the hand at the level of the proximal border of the extended thumb
E. the level of the distal transverse crease of the wrist
Answer: D
The cords of the brachial plexus are named according to their relationship to the:
A. 1st part of the axillary artery

B. 2nd part of the axillary artery
C. 3rd part of the axillary artery
D. 3rd part of the subclavian artery
E. axillary vein
Answer: B
If one spinal accessory nerve were severed high in the neck, this muscle would be paralyzed on that side:
A. levator scapulae
B. rhomboid major
C. rhomboid minor
D. trapezius
E. latissimus dorsi
Answer: D
If the C5 and C6 roots of the brachial plexus were destroyed, the extensor side of this part of the upper limb would be most affected:
A. shoulder
B. arm
C. forearm
D. hand
Answer: A
The branch of the third part of the subclavian artery that is the most important for forming anastomoses with the suprascapular and superficial (transverse) cervical arteries around the scapula is the:
A. superior intercostals
B. thoracoacromial
C. subscapular
D. lateral thoracic
E. posterior humeral circumflex
Answer: C
The nerve that would be the most likely to be damaged if the medial epicondyle of the humerus were fractured is the:
A. ulnar
B. deep radial
C. superficial radial
D. radial
E. median
Answer: A
If the muscles forming the thenar eminence were paralyzed due to nerve damage and the lateral two lumbrical muscles were functioning normally, you would expect the injured nerve to be the:
A. median
B. ulnar
C. anterior interosseous branch of the median
D. medial branch of the median
E. “recurrent” branch of the median
Answer: E
If all the muscles that extend the hands at the wrist were paralyzed (patient has “wrist drop”) due to a nerve being severed, the damaged nerve would be the:
A. radial
B. deep radial
C. superficial radial
D. musculocutaneous

E. posterior interosseous
Answer: A
Paralysis of the adductor pollicis muscle would be due to damage to the:
A. “recurrent” nerve of the hand
B. lateral branch of the median
C. medial branch of the median
D. superficial branch of the ulnar
E. deep branch of the ulnar
Answer: E
If the medial epicondyle of the humerus is fractured, the nerve most susceptible to being damaged is the:
A. musculocutaneous
B. ulnar
C. median
D. radial
E. deep branch of the radial
Answer: B
“Winging of the scapula” could be due to damage to this nerve:
A. long thoracic
B. thoracodorsal
C. lower subscapular
D. upper subscapular
E. dorsal scapular
Answer: A
A fall that results in the person landing so that his shoulder is pushed downward could result in damage to the upper potion of the brachial plexus. What would be the position of this person’s upper limb when he is standing and at rest?
A. arm rotated laterally and the forearm supinated
B. arm rotated medially and the forearm pronated
C. radial deviation at the wrist and flexion of the ring and little fingers
D. ulnar deviation at the wrist and clawed appearance of the hand
E. no deviation at the wrist but a clawed apprearance of the hand
Answer: B
Some nerve fibers found in the posterior divisions of the brachial plexus innervate this muscle, but the majority of the fibers innervating this muscle pass through the anterior divisions of the brachial plexus.
What is the name of this muscle?
A. flexor digitorum superficialis
B. flexor digitorum profundus
C. flexor pollicis brevis
D. deltoid
E. brachialis
Answer: E
If a nerve is damaged due to a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus, the action that is most likely to be impaired is:
A. flexion of the fingers
B. abduction of the arm
C. flexion of the elbow
D. extension of the elbow
E. supination of the hand
Answer: B

In the arm a portion of this (these) nerve(s) is/are found in the anterior compartment and a portion is in the posterior compartment:
A. radial
B. ulnar
C. median
D. musculocutaneous
E. both A and B
Answer: E
The radial artery is normally the primary vessel of origin for the following:
A. common interosseus artery
B. superficial palmar arch
C. princeps pollicis artery
D. posterior interosseus artery
E. all of the above
Answer: C
A tape passed through the transverse pericardial sinus would lie behind the
A. ascending aorta alone
B. ascending aorta and superior vena cava
C. ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
D. superior vena cava alone
E. superior vena and 4 pulmonary veins
Answer: C
In a CT scan of the thorax at the level of the right pulmonary artery, what structure(s) lie(s) directly anterior to this artery?
A. superior vena cava
B. ascending aorta
C. right main bronchus
D. both A and B
E. A, B and C
Answer: D
The inferior border of the parietal pleura, at a point adjacent to the vertebral column, is at a level of which rib?
A. 4th rib
B. 6th rib
C. 8th rib
D. 10th rib
E. 12th rib
Answer: E
The transverse (horizontal) fissure of the lung can be indicated on the anterior surface of the thorax a line that follows the:
A. second costal cartilage
B. fourth costal cartilage
C. sixth costal cartilage
D. eighth costal cartilage
E. medial border of the scapula with the arm abducted
Answer: B
Which statement concerning costal pleura is FALSE?
A. It is directly continuous with visceral pleura around the root of the lung.

B. It is directly continuous with the diaphragmatic pleura at the inferior border of the pleural sac
C. It is directly continuous with the mediastinal pleural at the anterior border of the pleural sac.
D. It is sensitive to common sensations such as touch and pressure.
E. It lines the inner surfaces of the ribs, costal cartilages, posterior surface of sternum, and sides of the bodies of thoracic vertebrae.
Answer: A
The left coronary artery:
A. arises just above the left aortic semilunar valve
B. normally gives rise to the posterior interventricular artery of the heart
C. provides most of the blood supply to both atria
D. provides a branch to the sino atrial node
E. all of the above
Answer: A
In a CT scan of the thorax at the level of the aortic semilunar valve, this valve lies directly anterior to the:
A. right atrium
B. left atrium
C. right ventricle
D. esophagus
E. descending aorta
Answer: B
The aortic valve is heard best at this location:
A. just lateral to the sternum at the second right intercostal space
B. just lateral to the sternum at the second left intercostal space
C. just lateral to the sternum at the fourth right intercostal space
D. just lateral to the sternum at the fourth left intercostal space
E. about 3 and ½ inches from the midline in the left fifth intercostal space
Answer: A
The following structure passes between the vagus nerve and the phrenic nerve in the left superior mediastinum:
A. left superior intercostal vein
B. arch of the aorta
C. ascending aorta
D. arch of the azygos vein
Answer: A
The sound of the aortic valve is heard best anteriorly over the medial end of the:
A. left 2nd intercostal space
B. right 2nd intercostal space
C. left 4th intercostal space
D. right 4th intercostal space
E. left 6th intercostal space
Answer: B

The right dome of the diaphragm is slightly higher than the left dome, but the two domes usually rise this high during respiration. (Use the midclavicular line as a reference)
A. 3rd rib
B. 5th rib
C. 7th rib
D. 9th rib
E. 12th rib
Answer: B
The following is/are true concerning the pleura:
A. mediastinal pleura is visceral pleura
B. the visceral pleura is extremely sensitive to touch and pain
C. The cardiac notch of the pleura does not extend as far to the left as doea the cardiac notch of the lung
D. All the above
E. Only B and C are correct
Answer: C
The position of the horizontal fissure of the lung (midinspiration) is indicated by this right costal cartilage:
A. 2nd
B. 4th
C. 6th
D. 8th
E. 10th
Answer: B
71.The lowest margin of the posterior parietal pleura is usually slightly below the neck of this rib:
A. 12
B. 11
C. 10
D. 7
E. 8
Answer: A
73. If a person received a shallow stab would in the anterior part of the right fifth intercostals space about one-half inch lateral to the sternum, the structure most likely to be damaged is the:
A. right brachiocephalic vein
B. superior vena cava
C. thoracic duct
D. beginning of the brachiocephalic artery
E. greater splanchnic nerve
Answer: D
78. This ligament lies directly anterior to the vertebral canal:
A. ligamentum flavum
B. anterior longitudinal ligament
C. posterior longitudinal ligament
D. supraspinous ligament
E. ligamentum nuchae
Answer: C
79. The following normal curvatures of the vertebral column are present at birth and in the adult:
A. scoliosis to the right in the upper thoracic region in right handed individuals
B. posterior concavity in the cervical region
C. lordosis in the lumbar region

D. posterior convexity in the thoracic region
E. posterior concavity in the lumbar region
Answer: D
80. The spinal cord in the adult usually ends at the level of the:
A. first coccygeal vertebra
B. second sacral vertebra
C. fourth lumbar vertebra
D. first lumbar vertebra
E. tenth thoracic vertebra
Answer: D
81. The anterior edge of the left parietal pleura passes obliquely lateralward and downward from the midline at the level of this costal cartilage to form the cardiac notch:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
Answer:D
84. When draining fluid from the pleural cavity, the needle should pass through the thoracic wall:
A. just below a rib
B. just above a rib
C. about halfway between adjacent ribs
D. through the periosteum and rib to avoid the neurovascular bundle
E. and the anterior mediastinum before entering the pleural cavity
Answer: B
92. Concerning the pulmonary arteries:
A. The right pulmonary artery lies on a higher plane than the left pulmonary artery because the right lung is shorter than the left.
B. The left palmary artery passes anterior to the descending aorta and posterior to the esophagus.
C. The right pulmonary artery passes posterior to the superior vena cava and the ascending aorta.
D. They enter the hilum of the lung inferior to the pulmonary veins.
E. They lie directly anterior to the lower part of the trachea.
Answer: C
94. The following structures pass anterior to the trachea in the superior mediastinum:
A. brachicephalic artery
B. left common carotid artery
C. right common carotid artery
D. all the above
E. both A and B but not C
Answer: E
101. The suprapleural membrane is formed by:
A. external intercostal membrane
B. internal intercostal membrane
C. pretracheal layer of cervical fascia
D. parietal pleura
E. endothoracic fascia
Answer: E

106. A patient that has erosion of the lower borders of the ribs would be a good candidate for having this problem:
A. emphysema
B. hepatitis
C. blockage of the inferior vena cava as it enters the heart
D. blockage of the thoracic duct
E. narrowing (coarctation) of the posterior part of the aortic arch
Answer: E
109. The position of the horizontal fissure of the lung (at midinspiration)is indicated by this right costal cartilage:
A. 2nd
B. 4th
C. 6th
D. 8th
E. 10th
Answer: B
110. The lowest margin of the posterior parietal pleura is usually slightly below the neck of this rib:
A. 12
B. 11
C. 10
D. 7
E. 8
Answer: A
114. The branch of the aortic arch that arises most posteriorly is the:
A. brachiocephalic artery
B. right common carotid artery
C. left common carotid artery
D. left subclavian artery
Answer: D
At the margins of the superficial inguinal ring, the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscle changes to
A. processus vaginalis
B. internal spermatic fascia
C. cremaster muscle
D. external spermatic fascia
E. tunica dartos
Answer: D
The deep inguinal ring is a defect in the:
A. parietal peritoneum
B. transversalis fascia
C. transverses abdominis
D. internal abdominal oblique
E. external abdominal oblique
Answer: B
The cremasteric fascia is derived from this abdominal layer:
A. parietal peritoneum
B. transversalis fascia
C. transversus abdominis

D. internal abdominal oblique muscle
E. external abdominal oblique muscle
Answer: D
8 . The medial most portion of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal is formed by the fascia transversalis and the:
A. conjoint tendon
B. lacunar ligament
C. inguinal ligament
D. pectineal ligament
E. ligament of Cooper
Answer: A
13. Shortly after arising from the abdominal aorta, the superior mesenteric artery descends posterior to the second part of the duodenum
A. anterior to the third part of the duodenum
B. anterior to the first part of the duodenum
C. to the right of the second part of the duodenum
D. anterior to the second part of the duodenum
E. none of the above
Answer: A
15. A patient with severe and prolonged portal hypertension secondary to cirrhosis of the liver may exhibit all of the following clinical conditions except:
A. esophageal varices
B. hemorrhoids
C. testicular varicoceles
D. caput medusae (varices of the anterior abdominal wall)
E. ascites (fluid in the peritoneal cavity)
Answer: C
16. The spleen lies
A. in the upper right quadrant of the anterior half of the abdomen
B. in the right lumbar fossa
C. just above the hepatic flexure of the colon
D. in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen
E. just inferior to the lower border of the left 12th rib
Answer: D
17. The fold of peritoneum that contains the common bile duct, portal vein and hepatic artery is the:
A. hepatoduodenal ligament
B. right triangular
C. falciform ligament
D. gastrophrenic ligament
E. gastrocolic ligament
Answer: A
23.The ductus deferens
A. enters the abdomen through the deep inguinal ring
B. leaves the testicular vessels at the deep inguinal ring
C. crosses the external iliac artery
D. all the above
E. only A and C
Answer: D

24. The inferior epigastric artery
A. is usually a branch of the internal iliac artery
B. may “form” a peritoneal fold, known as the lateral umbilical fold
C. is always medial to a direct inguinal hernia
D. forms the medial boundary of Hesselbach’s triangle(inguinal triangle)
Answer: B
31.The conjoint tendon (falx inguinalis)
A. is formed by the arching fibers of the external and internal obliques
B. contributes to the strength of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal
C. inserts onto the pubic crest and pectineal line
D. all the above
E. both(only) B and C
Answer: E
32.
A patent processus vaginalis would most likely lead to which type of hernia?
A. femoral
B. direct inguinal
C. indirect inguinal
D. umbilical
E. obturator
Answer: C
34. An indirect inguinal hernia enters the deep side of the anterior abdominal wall:
A. lateral to the inferior epigastric artery
B. medial to the inferior epigastric artery
C. in the inguinal triangle
D. through the conjoint tendon
E. immediately lateral to and below the lacunar ligament
Answer: A
35. The tunica vaginalis is derived from this layer of abdomen:
A. Camper’s fascia
B. Scarpa’s fascia
C. conjoint tendon
D. transversalis fascia
E. parietal peritoneum
Answer: E
39. Which one of the following structures is most likely to be located posterior to the second part of the duodenum?
A. abdominal aorta
B. neck of gallbladder
C. poral vein
D. hilius of right kidney
E. transverse colon
Answer: D
A tumor in which art of the pancreas can produce obstructive jaundice by compressing the common bile duct?

A. head
B. body
C. neck
D. uncinate process
E. tail
Answer: A
45. This structure lies behind the peritoneum directl posterior to the recess of the sigmoid
mesocolon (intersigmoid fossa):
A. left vas deferens
B. ovary
C. left ureter
D. left testicular artery
E. inferior mesenteric vein
Answer: C
46. The gastroduodenal artery:
A. is usually a branch of the superior mesenteric artery
B. courses anterior o the first part of the duodenum
C. terminates by dividing into superior pancreaticoduodenal and right gastroepiploic arteries
D. all the above
E. both (only) B and C
Answer: C
The correct anatomical explanation for how gall stones may abnormally pass thought a false passage (fistula) from the fundus of the gall bladder to the duodenum is that the fundus of the gall bladder lies directly:
A. anterior to the third and/or fourth parts of the duodenum
B. anterior to the first and/or second parts of the duodenum
C. posterior to the third and/or fourth parts of the duodenum
D. posterior to the first and /or second parts of the duodenum
E. to the right of the third part of the duodenum
Answer: B
The left branches of the hepatic artery and portal vein and the left hepatic duct are usually distributed to the:
A. caudate lobe
B. left physiological lobe (part of liver that lies to the left of the fissures for ligamentum teres and venosum)
C. quadrate lobe
D. left anatomical lobe (part of the liver that lies to the left of the attachment of the falciform ligament
E. all the above
Answer: E
The structure that lies behind that portion of peritoneum that forms the posterior boundary of the epiploic foramen is the
A. hepatic artery
B. right adrenal gland
C. aorta

D. inferior vena cava
E. first part of the duodenum
Answer: D
The right ureter
A. possesses a dilated lumen at the point at which it crosses the “brim” of the pelvis
B. psses directly anterior to the sigmoid colon
C. crosses anterior to the right colic vessels
D. passes under the lateral lumbocostal/arcuate arch of the diaphragm
E. crosses anterior to the common iliac artery
Answer: E
The artery of the foregut is the
A. hepatic
B. splenic
C. celiac
D. inferior mesenteric
E. superior mesenteric
Answer: C
The deep inguinal ring is a defect in this layer:
A. peritoneum
B. external abdominal oblique aponeurosis
C. transversalis fascia
D. internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis
E. membranous layer of superficial fascia
This/These structure(s) lie to the right of the porta hepatis:
A. inferior vena cava
B. ligamentum teres
C. gall bladder
D. all the above
E. both A and C
The spleen usually lies in this abdominal region:
A. left iliac region
B. left lumbar region
C. left hypochondrium
D. epigastrium
E. umbilical region
Answer: C
72. The lienogastric ligament represents:
A. a portion of the original mesentery
B. a portion of the transverse mesocolon
C. a porion of the dorsal mesentery
D. a portion of the lesser omentum
E. a part of the mesentery proper
Answer: C
73. The anatomical explanation of the clinical condition “rebound tenderness” of the abdominal wall is that the pain is originating in:
A. an umbilical hernia
B. an inguinal hernia

C. a gastric ulcer
D. psoas abcess
E. an inflamed parietal peritoneum
Answer: E
74. At a point immediately medial to the deep (internal)inguinal ring, what structures help form the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?
A. muscle fingers of the transverses abdominis muscle
B. muscle fibers of the internal oblique muscle
C. conjoined tendon (falx inguinalis)
D. lacunar ligament
E. transversalis fascia
Answer: B
75. The celiac trunk:
A. normally has three major branches
B. is surrounded by a nervous plexus containing sympathetic postganglionic cell bodies
C. supplies GI derivatives of the embryonic foregut
D. all the above
E. only A and B, not C
Answer: D
77. The right boundary of the upper recess of the lesser sac (omental bursa) is the :
A. esophagus
B. inferior vena cava
C. hepatoduodenal ligament
D. falciform ligament
E. thoracic aorta (posterior to the diaphragm)
Answer: B
79. Most of the nerves in the anterolateral wall of the abdomen lie directly between these two layers:
A. peritoneum and transversalis fascia
B. transversalis fascia and transverses abdominis muscle
C. transversus abdominis and internal oblique muscles
D. internal oblique and external oblique muscles
E. external oblique muscle and superficial fascia
Answer: C
80. All of the following statements concerning the liver are true, EXCEPT:
A. lymphatics from the bare area drain to mediastinal nodes
B. the ligamentum teres separates the quadrate and left lobes
C. the left lobe and caudate lobe are supplied by the left branch of the hepatic artery
D. structures in the porta hepatic include the hepatic vein, artery and duct
E. ductus venosus, in the fetus, arises from the left portal vein
Answer: D
82. The gallbladder
A. is entirely covered by visceral peritoneum
B. secretes bile
C. receives and sends some blood vessels from and to the liver

D. separates the caudate and left lobes of the liver
E. all of the above
Answer: B
83. Most of the duodenum is “primarily” retroperitoneal:
A. true
B. false
Answer: B
84. The common bile duct and pancreatic ducts empty into this part of the duodenum:
A. first
B. second
C. third
D. fourth
Answer: B
85. The liver is attached to the anterior abdominal wall and the diaphragm by this peritoneal ligament:
A. falciform
B. teres
C. venosum
D. median umbilical
E. phrenicocolic
Answer: A
91. If an ulcer on the posterior wall of the body of the stomach should rupture, the gastric contents then could empty directly into the:
A. space between perirenal fascia and left kidney
B. greater peritoneal sac
C. omental bursa
D. left paracolic gutter
E. left subphrenic space
Answer: C
93. True statements concerning the left renal vein include:
A. It usually receives the left gonadal vein.
B. It is usually longer than the right renal vein.
C. It is usually located anterior to the left renal artery and ureter.
D. It passes between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery.
E. All the above
Answer: E
95. Structures usually passing directly posterior to the first part of the duodenum include:
A. gastroduodenal artery
B. common bile duct
C. portal vein
D. all the above
E. none of the above
Answer: D
97. Correct boundaries of the inguinal (Hesselbach’s) triangle include:
A. lateral boundary is the obliterated umbilical artery
B. medial boundary is the linea alba
C. inferior boundary is the inguinal ligament

D. all the above
E. both (only) A and B
Answer: C
99. This/These arteries are predominantly retroperitoneal:
A. renal
B. right colic
C. middle colic
D. all the above
E. both A and B
Answer: A
57. Where would you feel for the pulse of the dorsalis pedis artery? directly posterior to the tendon of flexor digitorum longus directly lateral to the tendon of tibialis anterior directly lateral to the tendon of extensor hallucis longus directly posterior to the tendon of peroneus longus directly lateral to the tendon of extensor digitorum longus
Answer: C
74. The pulse of the posterior tibial artery is best felt:
A. against the popliteal surface of the tibia
B. lateral to the neck of the fibula
C. anterior to the lateral malleolus
D. posterior to the lateral malleolus
E. posterior to the medial malleolus
Answer: E
(Although this doesn't specifically refer to a herniated disc just imagine if that is the injury)
Loss of cutaneus sensation on the anteromedial side of the leg and loss of patellar reflex indicates damage to this spinal nerve.
A. L2
B. L4
C. L5
D. S2
E. S4
Answer: B
In this case it would have been a herniated disc between L3-L4
Note the most common is between L4-L5