Evolution Review
1. Which of the following was NOT supported by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck?
A. Use and disuse
B. Inheritance of acquired traits
C.Natural Selection
D.The change of species over time
2. According to Lamarck, traits, such as large muscles, that are acquired over an individual's lifetime:
A. Are acted on by natural selection
B. Can be passed on to offspring
C. Cannot be passed on to offspring
D. Are the result of a change of alleles
3. According to Darwin, what caused species to change over time?
A. Use and disuse
B. Lamarckian inheritance
C. Inheritance of acquired traits
D. Natural selection
4. Which of the following was NOT a part of Darwin's theory of evolution?
A. Use and disuse
B. Evolution as such
C. Common descent
D. Natural Selection
5. Darwin believed that evolution took place:
A. In short bursts
B. Through the appearance of radically new types
C. Gradually, in small steps
D. Only in the distant past
6. The book in which Darwin first outlined his theory of evolution was titled:
A. The Origin of Species
B. Finches and Me
C. Darwinism
D. Evolution: A Modern Synthesis
7. According to Darwin, the species found on earth today:
A. Were created about 6000 years ago
B. Evolved from a few common ancestors
C. Are no longer evolving
D. Came from another planet
8. The fossil record:
A. Provides ample evidence against natural selection
B. Does not provide evidence against evolution by natural selection
C. Does not provide evidence for inheritance of acquired traits
9. An individual's fitness is
A. The ratio of body fat to muscle weight
B. The ability to survive to reproductive age
C. Probability of an individual to have 2 or more offspring
D. Probability to contribute its genes to the next generation
10. Traits that perform a similar function but arise from different ancestral traits are called:
A. Heritable traits
B. Homologous traits
C. Analogous traits
D. Divergent traits
11. Fossils can tell us:
A. Relative and absolute ages of species
C. Only the absolute age of a species
B. Nothing about the age of a species
D. Only the relative age of two species
12. The breeding of dogs by humans to have a particular coat color is an example
A. Disruptive selection
B. Stabilizing selection
C. Directional selection
D. Artificial selection
13. A population of giraffes lives in an area where the only food grows on high tree branches. Over many
generations, these giraffes develop long necks to reach the branches. This is an example of:
A. Disruptive selection
B. Stabilizing selection
C. Directional selection
D. Artificial selection
14. A natural population of plants has greatly varying flower height. Over many generations more and more
plants have flowers of medium height, while there are very few with very short or very tall flowers.
What type of selection has acted here?
A. Disruptive selection
B. Stabilizing selection
C. Directional selection
D. Artificial selection
15. The elaborate tail plumage of peacocks was developed through what type of selection?
A. Artificial selection
B. Natural Selection
C. Disruptive selection
D. Sexual selection
16. Which of the following is not a pattern of evolution?
A. Divergent Evolution
B. Convergent evolution
C. Coevolution
D. Stringent Evolution
17. The evolution of two species to be better adapted to each other is called:
A. Convergent evolution
B. Sympatric evolution
C. Divergent evolution
D. Coevolution
18. Why does convergent evolution make it difficult to identify related species by morphological
characteristics?
A. It creates homologous structures
B. It casts doubt on the area in which a species evolved
C. It creates on species from two different species
D. It creates analogous structures
19. How can the fossil record help us in the field of evolution?
20. What is the difference between gradual and punctuated evolution?
21. Draw an example of an evolutionary tree showing gradualism and punctuated evolution.
22. Describe biogenesis.
23. Evolution is the change in the inherited _________________ of a population of organisms over time.
24. Briefly describe Jean Baptiste de Lamarck’s two proponents of evolution.
25. What is an acquired trait?
26. Can we pass on acquired traits? _____________________
27. Using giraffes, describe Lamarck’s theory of evolution.
28. What was Darwin’s theory of natural selection?
29. Explain Darwin’s 2 proponents of evolution (Descent with modification and modification by natural
selection).
30. List Darwin’s 4 postulates.
31. In this example, find Darwin’s 4 postulates.
In ostriches, there are 2 types: ones that run fast and those that run slowly. The fast birds can reach
up to 40 miles an hour. Hyenas love to eat ostrich, and they can reach speeds of up to 35-40 miles per
hour. A flock of ostrich will lay approximately 10 eggs (each mother only lays 1), but many rodents
break into the eggs and eat the fetus before they hatch.
Population has variations.
Some variations are favorable.
More offspring are produced than survive
Those that survive have favorable traits.
32. What are the 5 ways in which we disrupt genetic equilibrium/cause evolution to occur?
33. Which type of natural selection is shown in each graph? Label the graphs.
a.
b.
c
34. Mutations are ________________________ changes in the ________________________.
35. List the 5 lines of evidence for evolution.
36. How are homologous and analogous structures similar and different?
37. What is a vestigial structure? List 2 humans have.
38. Similar species share similar ____________________ _______________________ sequences.
Below is a table comparing amino acid sequences of humans to other animals. Use the table to answer the
questions below.
Species Pairing
Number of
differences
Human – chimp
0
Human – fruitfly
29
Human – horse
12
Human – pigeon
12
Human rattlesnake
14
Human – red bread mold
48
Human – rhesus monkey
1
Human – snapping turtle
15
Human – tuna
21
39. According to this evidence, which organism is most closely related to humans? Explain your answer.
40. According to this evidence, which organism is least closely related to humans? Explain your answer.
41. Examine the data table. The values listed for the rattlesnake and the snapping turtle differ only by one.
From this, can you assume that the rattlesnake and the snapping turtle are closely related to each other? Why
or why not?
42. Create a phylogenetic tree out of the data given in the table above.
43. List the 3 patterns of evolution and give an example of each.
44. Label each diagram with the correct pattern of evolution.
a.
b.
c.
45. Adaptive radiation and artificial selection are 2 ways divergent evolution takes place. Define each and
give an example of each.