KFC in India Case Study Assignment (Ethical Issue)
Abstract
The case highlights the ethical issues involved in Kentucky Fried Chicken's (KFC) business
operations in India. KFC entered India in 1995 and has been in midst of controversies since
then. The regulatory authorities found that KFC's chickens did not adhere to the Prevention of
Food Adulteration Act, 1954. Chickens contained nearly three times more monosodium
glutamate (popularly known as MSG, a flavor enhancing ingredient) as allowed by the Act.
Since the late 1990s, KFC faced severe protests by People for Ethical Treatment of Animals
(PETA), an animal rights protection organization. PETA accused KFC of cruelty towards
chickens and released a video tape showing the ill-treatment of birds in KFC's poultry farms.
However, undeterred by the protests by PETA and other animal rights organizations, KFC
planned a massive expansion program in India.
(see http://www.icmr.icfai.org/casestudies/catalogue/Business%20Ethics/BECG044.htm)
Objectives
Understand the significance of cultural, economic, regulatory and ecological issues while
establishing business in a foreign country.
Appreciate the need for protecting animal rights in developed and developing countries like
India.
Understand the importance of ethics in doing business.
Examine the reasons for protests of PETA
Identify solutions for KFC's problems in India.
Key Terms
KFC, Business Ethics, International Business, People for Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA),
Food Adulteration, Selling Junk Food, Cruelty against Animals, Animal Welfare Legislation,
KFC's Poultry Welfare Guidelines.
"Each bird whom KFC puts into a box or a bucket had a miserable life and a frightening
death. People would be shocked to see our footage of a KFC supplier's employee who walks
through a barn, carelessly lighting lamps and letting flames fall on the terrified birds. The air
inside these filthy barns reeks of ammonia fumes, making it difficult for the birds to breathe.
No one with a grain of compassion should set foot in KFC."
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Ingrid Newkirk, Director, PETA.
"The chicken they serve is full of chemicals, and the birds are given hormones, antibiotics and
arsenic chemicals to fatten them quickly."
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Nanjundaswamy.
PROTEST AGAINST KFC
On August 20, 2003, a five-foot tall chicken complete with an ensemble of feathers and beak
hobbled on a pair of crutches outside Kentucky Fried Chicken's (KFC) Indian outlet in
Bangalore. The chicken was brought by PETA (People for Ethical Treatment of Animals)
activists, who carried placards reading, "Quit India" and "Stop Playing Fowl" (a pun on
"Foul").
The chicken was placed at the centre and a peaceful protest was held against the alleged ill
treatment of birds in KFC's poultry farms. Media persons were called to give the demonstration
a wide coverage.
Explaining the rationale behind the protest, Bijal Vachcharajani, special projects coordinator of
PETA, said, "Ours is the land of Gandhi. Just as 61 years back our leaders gave a call for
colonizers to quit India, we too are saying we will not tolerate cruel multinationals." On the
61st anniversary of the 'Quit India' movement, PETA India wrote a letter to the Managing
Director of Tricon Restaurant International, the parent company of KFC, asking them to close
their sole KFC outlet in India. They got no reply. PETA activists decided to protest against
KFC by carrying crippled chicken, which represented the birds suffering in the KFC's farms.
PETA claimed that after two years of intensive campaigning to increase animal welfare
standards in poultry farms, other foreign fast food restaurants operating in India like
McDonald's and Burger King had improved the treatment of animals specially raised and
slaughtered for food. Only KFC had not acted. Though PETA had organized other protests
earlier, the crippled chicken campaign became the precursor for more intensive protests.
PETA's was one of the many shows of protest against KFC's Indian outlet.
BACKGROUND NOTE
KFC was founded by Harland Sanders (Sanders) in the early 1930s, when he started cooking
and serving food for hungry travellers who stopped by his service station in Corbin, Kentucky,
US. He did not own a restaurant then, but served people on his own dining table in the living
quarters of his service station. His chicken delicacies became popular and people started
coming just for food. Kentucky Fried Chicken was born. Soon, Sanders moved across the street
to a motel-cum-restaurant, later named 'Sanders Court & Cafe,' that seated around 142 people.
Over the next nine years, he perfected his secret blend of 11 herbs and spices and the basic
cooking technique of chicken. Sanders' fame grew and he was given the title Kentucky Colonel
by the state Governor in 1935 for his contribution to the state's cuisine.
Sanders' restaurant business witnessed an unexpected halt in the early 1950s, when a new
interstate highway was planned bypassing the town of Corbin. His restaurant flourished mainly
due to the patronage of highway travellers. The new development meant the end of this.
Sanders sold his restaurant operations. After settling all his bills, he was reduced to living on a
meager $105 social security cheque.
But Sanders did not lose hope. Banking on the popularity of his product and confident of his
unique recipe for fried chicken, Sanders started franchising his chicken business in 1952. He
called it Kentucky Fried Chicken. He travelled the length and breadth of the country by car,
visiting as many restaurants as possible and cooking batches of chicken. If the restaurant
owners liked his chicken, he entered into a handshake agreement that stipulated payment of a
nickel for each plate of chicken sold by the restaurant.
By 1964, Sanders franchised more than 600 chicken outlets in the US and Canada. The same
year, he sold his interest in his company in the US for $2 million to a group of investors.
However, he remained the public spokesperson for the company. KFC grew rapidly under the
new owners and issued shares to the public on March 17, 1966. In July 1971, KFC was
acquired by Heublein Inc. for $285 million. By then, KFC had over 3,500 franchised and
company-owned restaurants in the world....
Sources/Links/References
Peta protest KFC – part 1
Peta protest KFC – part 2
NY Times Article
http://www.ecomall.com/greenshopping/peta.htm
http://www.japantoday.com/jp/news/245005
http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,115108,00.html
http://multinationalmonitor.org/hyper/mm0196.03.html
Analysis
There are a number of issues relating to this incident that demonstrate the ethical and moral
issues surrounding business. KFC’s business in India leads to a wide range of direct and
indirect employment related to the business as a result of the investment by the company. KFC
claims that it does not own chicken the farms.
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How honest are the claims that KFC is making?
How reliable are the claims made by those who oppose KFC’s activities?
What conflicts arise between the responsibilities that KFC has to the treatment
of chickens and the local community, and to its shareholders, suppliers and
employees, other external stakeholders?
Your Assignment
This is an independent assignment.
 Download and complete the KFC case analysis document. Save the document as
named but by adding your last name then first to the end of the file name (separated by
an underscore _ ) where indicated.
In this document:
 Answer the above questions.
 You are to research this case using the above sources and others that you discover.
Provide a work cited list only of those sources that you USE. . For full marks, use
terminology and concepts from the course and its text. See the rubric at the end of the
KFC case analysis document.
 Submit your completed copy of the KFC hard copy in class and electronic copy to the
class email address by deadline date (see class website for due and deadline dates). NO
EXTENSION WILL BE ALLOWED.