APUSH 2A
Name: Alexander Huang
Date: September 7, 2010
Growing Conflict with England
Analyze the ways in which British imperial policies between 1763 and 1776 intensified colonials’ resistance to
British rule and their commitment to republican values
Colonists’ response:
British Policies:
1. intended purpose &
2. terms of the policy
1763 Proclamation of 1763
Placed exact borders for the colonies; colonists could
not expand past the boundaries the Proclamation set.
This was to prevent Native American threats to the
colonies.
1764 Sugar Act
The first law ever passed that raised revenue from the
colonies to the English crown. This law taxed sugar.
Also, the law increased the duty on foreign sugar
imported from the West Indies.
1765 Stamp Act
Pay down debt incurred from the French & Indian
War; Direct tax on documents that need to be official
1.
2.
Identify how and why the colonists responded
How did colonists’ response show republican values?
The colonists felt that the British were taking the land,
which they fought and died for, away. They felt
oppressed and servants of the English crown, despite
their own belief that they can govern themselves
similar to an independent country.
The colonists, again, were feeling incredibly oppressed
by the British. These taxes signified a form of
maltreatment that had not occurred before the Seven
Years’ War. They protested, and the duties were
lowered.
Non-importation: boycotting of all British goods;
Women participate in politics by organizing boycotts;
Daughters of liberty
1765 Quartering Act
This act, passed in 1765, allowed British soldiers in
Again, the colonists were angered at this act. They felt
several colonies to stay and eat in any American home. little loyalty to the English throne, and helping one that
This, to the British, seemed like a proper and fair law appeared to be oppressing them was unacceptable.
to place, for this the least colonists could do to
compensate for the free British defense.
1766 Declaratory Act
The Declaratory Act was a direct confrontation to the
colonist protests. This act allowed Parliament to
“bind” the colonies “in all cases whatsoever.” It gave
the English throne the ability to control the North
American colonies without fail.
1767 Townshend Acts
”Champagne Charley” Townshend, who was
notorious to be able to make brilliant speeches even
while drunk, created the Townshend acts. The
Townshend acts placed imposts on several goods such
as glass, white lead, paper, paint and tea.
Like every other act, the Declaratory Act had a great,
negative impact on the colonists. Unlike the other acts,
the Declaratory Act occurred right after the repeal of
the Stamp Act—a time of great rejoice and veneration
towards Britain and King George III. This brick wall
of a policy hit the colonists with a spontaneous force.
These protests were greater than ever, renewed by the
anger caused in the Declaratory Act.
Even though the tax from the Townshend Acts were
“external,” meaning indirect, the Americans still
considered it a tax without representation. This
eventually, along with the suspension of the legislature
in 1767, caused protests, and increased colonial
smuggling in Massachusetts. They taunted the
redcoats, calling them “ruffians” and “bloody backs.”
APUSH 2A
Name: Alexander Huang
Date: September 7, 2010
Samuel Adams created the Committee of
Correspondence.
1770 British troops stationed in Boston
Britain sent these troops to be stationed in Boston
because they felt that the Bostonians would soon begin
to stop obeying laws altogether. Troops in Boston
would help govern the colonist body and keep law and
order in good shape.
1773 Tea Act
In 1773, the British East India Company faced
bankruptcy when it could not sell its 17 million pounds
of tea. As a result, the ministry allowed the British
East India Company to sell all of its tea to the
companies, making tea incredibly cheap—but
fatefully, with a tax.
1774 Quebec Act
This act granted the province of Quebec greater
territory, giving the French living there a greater
flexibility to incorporate their culture into Britain’s.
1774 Intolerable Acts
The “Intolerable Acts” were acts designed to keep
Boston in ordered control. Acts like the Boston Port
Act, which closed Boston’s port until the damages
were paid for, were part of the Intolerable Acts. A new
Quartering Act allowed British troops to even lodge in
private homes. Other laws restricted the rights of the
colonies similar to that of the Dominion of New
England about a century ago.
1775 Lexington & Concord; Bunker Hill
In April 1775, Britain sent troops to Lexington and
Again, the colonists felt greatly oppressed by the
British government. However, this time, the troops
were physical representatives of the Britain they hated
so much. On the evening of March 5, 1770, a crowd of
colonists began to taunt and jeer at the troops. This
clash, which would later be known as the Boston
Massacre, later escalated into the colonists physical
attacks on the redcoats, at the very least throwing
snowballs at the terrified troops. Without warning,
these troops fired upon the crowd, killing or wounding
eleven citizens. Later, this unorganized attack on the
colonists would be a catalyst for Revolution.
The colonists, instead of rejoicing at the cheaper
prices, felt that they were being tricked into accepting
taxation. The colonists began to protest with more
vigor than ever before. In certain cities, the colonists
would assemble mass demonstrations to force cargo
ships carrying tea back to Britain. An extreme case
was the Boston Tea Party, where hundreds of
colonists, disguised as Native Americans, raided the
tea ships in the Boston harbor and dumped hundreds of
pounds of tea into Bostonian waters.
Colonists also felt wrathful at the passing of the
Quebec Act, despite it being a reasonable act in
Britain’s eyes—this act could not have been passed at
a worse time. Those who desired the land of the Ohio
valley were angered when it was snatched away from
them for Quebec. Also, anti-Catholics felt that Britain
was straying away from the original Protestant idea
that dominated in America.
These acts enraged Boston dramatically. Their rights
were slipping away incredibly fast, and contrary to
British belief, this created even more protest. With
town meeting curbed, restrictions implanted, and their
port gone, the colonists were expected to surrender to
British control. However, other colonies greatly
supported the rebellious nature of the Bostonians, and
as a result, the protests continued. The Intolerable Acts
were known as, in America, “the massacre of
American Liberty.”
In Lexington, the American minutemen refused to
APUSH 2A
Name: Alexander Huang
Concord to capture rebel leaders Samuel Adams and
John Hancock. They were also given orders to seize
stores of colonial gunpowder to prevent an armed
conflict from occurring. The redcoats had a clash with
the minutemen in Bunker Hill.
1775 Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation
In 1775, Lord Dunmore proclaimed that any slave or
indentured servant that escaped his master and reached
Dunmore could join Britain’s royal forces as a free
man.
Date: September 7, 2010
disperse, and thus the British fired upon them. 8
minutemen were killed, and many more were
wounded. In Concord, the troops were ready. At least
seventy redcoats were killed in the clash, with the
minutemen gaining the advantage by firing behind
stonewalls. In total, Britain suffered three hundred
casualties, and the troops were forced to retreat back to
Boston. With American strategy trading space for
time, Benjamin Franklin predicted that by the time 150
Patriots died in Bunker Hill, 60,000 babies were born.
Colonists responded immediately in great fury.
Maryland and Virginia tightened slave patrols, but
thousands of blacks continued to escape. This probably
was a great hindrance to the Americans, but again, this
probably led to protest and even more incentive to start
Revolution.
Nonimportation: The act of refusing or boycotting imported goods, making their own
resources and goods instead.
The Association: A complete boycott of all British goods: the combination of
nonimportation, nonexportation, and nonconsumption.
APUSH 2A
Name: Alexander Huang
British Colonial Trade Regulations, 1651-1764
Act/Regulation
Date
Navigation Act
1651
Navigation Act
1660
Staple Act
1663
Plantation Duty Act
1673



Required all crews to be at least 1/2 English in nationality
Most goods must be carried on English or colonial ships
Goal: eliminate Dutch competition from colonial trading routes



Required all colonial trade to be on English ships
Master and 3/4 of crew must be English
Long list of "enumerated goods" developed, including tobacco, sugar,
rice, that could only be shipped to England or an English colony

Required goods bound for the colonies shipped from Africa, Asia, or
Europe to first be landed in England before shipping to America.

Required colonial ship captains to guarantee that they would deliver
enumerated goods to England or suffer financial penalties.
Colonial arm of English customs offices established


1696

Woolens Act
1699
Hat Act
1732
Molasses Act
1733
American Revenue Act 1764
(Sugar Act)
From: Greg Feldmeth
Significance/Features

Navigation Act
Date: September 7, 2010
Further tightened earlier Navigation Acts
Created system of admiralty courts to enforce trade regulations and
punish smugglers
Customs officials given power to issue writs of assistance to board
ships and search for smuggled goods

To prevent competition with English producers, prohibited colonial
export of woolen cloth.

Prohibited export of colonial-produced hats.

All non-English imported molasses taxed heavily to encourage
importation of British West Indian molasses.

Lord Grenville institutes new policies to generate revenue by
combining new duties on imported goods with strict collection
provisions. Tax on French West Indies molasses was actually lowered,
but enforcement attempted to end bribes and smuggling.