Earth Science Notes: Rock Cycle
date ___________
NAME_________________________
Go to the following weblink and take the quiz to see how much about rocks you remember from middle school where this
information was previously taught. THIS SHOULD BE A REVIEW!
1.
2.
3.
Open up Safari or Firefox. DO NOT USE CHROME.
Go to the http://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/testskills.html
Type in your name and take the test. Record your final score here.
I got __________ our of 15 questions right = ___ %
List and explain the three main types of rocks:
1.
2.
3.
Rock cycle:
Diagram of the rock cycle:
Now go to this link and take the quiz. http://www.quia.com/quiz/1195085.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w_FFBFcN7eY
I got _____ of nine questions right = ____%
Ride the Rock Cycle Activity
Earth Science Activity: Modeling the Rock Cycle
date_____
NAME____________
In order to demonstrate your understanding of the rock cycle, you will be conducting a series of actions that will model the
different processes involved in the rock cycle. This activity acts like a giant analogy to help you visualize the processes of the rock
cycle. Follow directions as described below and answer the questions completely.
MATERIALS NEEDED: sugar cube, aluminum foil, tea light candle, lighter, hand lens, goggles, scoopula
PROCEDURE:
1. EXAMINE the sugar cube with a hand lens. How is the sugar cube like a sedimentary rock?
2.
CRUSH the sugar cube into a powder using the scoopula on your desk. What part of the rock cycle does this represent?
3.
CREATE a “boat” with your foil by folding and TRANSFER the crushed sugar from your desk into the boat. What part of
the rock cycle does this movement represent?
4.
PUT ON GOGGLES. Ms. Freeman will come by to light your candle. HOLD the foil boat over the candle and observe as
the sugar melts. What part of the rock cycle does this represent?
5.
6.
When instructed, BLOW OUT FLAME. REMOVE the goggles.
SET ASIDE the foil boat and let the sugar cool and harden. What part of the rock cycle does this represent?
7.
BREAK the hardened sugar into pieces. What part of the rock cycle does this represent?
8.
CLEAN UP your tables by placing the sugar and foil boat in the trash can and putting goggles away.
Earth Science Activity: Modeling the Rock Cycle
date_____
NAME____________
In order to demonstrate your understanding of the rock cycle, you will be conducting a series of actions that will model the
different processes involved in the rock cycle. This activity acts like a giant analogy to help you visualize the processes of the rock
cycle. Follow directions as described below and answer the questions completely.
MATERIALS NEEDED: sugar cube, aluminum foil, tea light candle, lighter, hand lens, goggles, scoopula
PROCEDURE:
1. EXAMINE the sugar cube with a hand lens. How is the sugar cube like a sedimentary rock?
2.
CRUSH the sugar cube into a powder using the scoopula on your desk. What part of the rock cycle does this represent?
3.
CREATE a “boat” with your foil by folding and TRANSFER the crushed sugar from your desk into the boat. What part
of the rock cycle does this movement represent?
4.
PUT ON GOGGLES. Ms. Freeman will come by to light your candle. HOLD the foil boat over the candle and observe
as the sugar melts. What part of the rock cycle does this represent?
5.
6.
When instructed, BLOW OUT FLAME. REMOVE the goggles.
SET ASIDE the foil boat and let the sugar cool and harden. What part of the rock cycle does this represent?
7.
BREAK the hardened sugar into pieces. What part of the rock cycle does this represent?
8.
CLEAN UP your tables by placing the sugar and foil boat in the trash can and putting goggles away.
Earth Science Checkup: Understanding the Rock Cycle & Igneous Formation
NAME____________
Answer the following questions regarding the Rock Cycle and Igneous Rocks.
SECTION I – VOCABULARY
1. Molten rock inside the earth is called ___________________.
2. An ______________________ rock is formed from the crystallization of magma that cools at the surface.
3. Magma that flows out onto Earth’s surface is called __________________________.
4. Fine grained igneous rocks that cool quickly on Earth’s surface are called ______________________ igneous rocks.
5. Coarse grained igneous rocks that cool slowly beneath Earth’s surface are called _________________ igneous rocks.
SECTION II – Intrusive or Extrusive Igneous Rock Classification
Observe the powerpoint pictures of several rock samples and the actual sample shown to the class then classify each rock based
on your observations.
Sample Number and Name
Fine Grained or Coarse Grained Texture?
SECTION III – Complete the diagram of the Rock Cycle using your vocabulary terms.
Intrusive or Extrusive?
HONORS Earth Science Notes: Igneous Rock Formation
Magma:
Origins of magma:
Composition of magma:
Factors that affect igneous rock formation:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Different processes of rocks melting:
1.
2.
Bowen’s Reaction Series:
 Explanation:

Discontinuous vs. Continuous Reaction Series:

Uses of Bowen’s Reaction Series:
1.
2.
3.
4.
date____
NAME____________________
HONORS Earth Science Activity: Understanding the Bowen’s Reaction Series
Use the diagrams on the back of your notes to assist in answering the questions below.
1.
2.
What minerals would you expect to find in the following rocks?
a. Basalt:
b.
Diorite:
c.
Granite:
d.
Gabbro:
You have a magma that is at very high temperature and pressure:
a. What minerals would the rock formed from this magma if it was intruded into the earth?
b.
What minerals would it have if it was extruded onto the surface of the earth?
c.
What would be the difference in these rocks?
3.
Why would you NOT expect to find olivine in rhyolite?
4.
You discover that your basalt has quartz in it. Where did the quartz come from?
5.
You analyze the minerals in a rock and find that it contains only olivine. How could this happen?
6.
You stop along the side of the highway to look at a 3000ft high outcrop. You decide to climb to the outcrop and look at the
rocks. The base of the outcrop has a layer of olivine and calcium plagioclase. About 228ft up the cliff the rock is pyroxene
and a calcium-bearing plagioclase. At 1100ft, the rock contains amphibole and a sodium-bearing calcium plagioclase. At
2100ft, the minerals are biotite and sodium plagioclase. From 2900ft to the top the rock is granite. Explain how this outcrop
could have been formed.
Earth Science Notes: Igneous Rock Formation & Identification
date____
Magma:
Origins of magma:
Composition of magma:
Factors that affect igneous rock formation:
1.
2
3.
4.
Different processes of rocks melting:
1.
2.
Identifying Igneous Rocks: Using Properties to Identify Igneous Rocks
Igneous rocks:
Types of igneous rocks
1.
2.
Classifying igneous rocks:
 Mineral composition
NAME____________________

Four main groups of igneous rocks using mineral composition:
Group
Color
Mineral content

Texxture (Intrusive vs. Extrusive)
o
Types of texture:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Examples
Earth Science Lab: Observing Igneous Rock Formation date____ NAME___________________
Continued rise in temperature can eventually melt any rock until it is molten (called magma). When the molten rock cools it
forms an igneous rock. The size of the grains (crystals) in an igneous rock will depend on the rate of cooling (fast or slow). In
this activity, students will be able to explain the relationship between rate of cooling and crystal size.
Materials per group: Two clear plastic cups, tape/marker, warm water, dissolved Epsom salts, pipe cleaners
Procedure
1. Obtain tape. Label on cup: “Refrigerator” and the other “Classroom”. Also place your name on the cup.
2. Fill both cups about ½ full with the warm Epsom salt solution.
3. Wrap the pipe cleaners around a splint to form them into a shape that looks like a spring. Remove them from the splint
and place one in each cup. It should be sticking out of the cup.
4. Place one labeled cup in the tray to be placed in the refrigerator overnight.
5. Place the other labeled cup on the table by the window.
6. Allow the crystals to form overnight, then remove the pipe cleaner and compare.
Hypothesis
Which cup will produce the largest crystals?
Explain your hypothesis.
Observations/Data
Examine the crystals formed in the “Refrigerator” cup.
1.
List three observations.
2.
3.
Examine the crystals formed in the “Classroom” cup. List three observations.
1.
2.
3.
Questions
1. Explain how igneous rocks form?
2.
What do you notice about the crystals from the two solutions you made?
3.
Explain the relationship between rate of cooling and the size of crystals. Think about temperatures of each cup.
4.
How might the crystals or grains in an igneous rock differ because of how quickly the molten rock cooled?
Earth Science Lab: Identifying Igneous Rocks
date_________________ NAME___________________________
Data Table
Sample
#
Visible
Minerals?
Yes or No
Grain size
(aphanitic, phaneritic,
or porphyritic)
Color Present
Type of rock
(Felsic,Mafic,
Ultramafic,
Intermediate)
Rock Identification - Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Use the resources available to identify the name including:
Go to the online Rock Identification Key link
http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/rockkey/index.html
Use the Igneous Rock identification flowchart handout to identify the sample.
Analysis
1. How did you determine whether the rocks were felsic, mafic, ultramafic, or intermediate?
2.
Think about the cooling rates of magma and the definitions for intrusive and extrusive. What type of crystals would you
expect to find on an intrusive rock? Explain.
3.
What type of crystals (big sized, small sized, large, round, etc.) would you expect to find on an extrusive rock? Explain.
4.
Which rocks in this lab do you think are intrusive?
5.
Hawaii is known for its beaches of black sand, while Texas has miles of beaches where the sand is white as snow. Why
do the beaches in these two states have such different types of sand? How do you think the sand was formed?
Extrusive?
Earth Science Study Guide: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks
1. Explain igneous rocks.
2. Magma is a slushy mix. Explain this statement.
3. Explain how each of the following effects the formation of igneous rocks: temperature, pressure, water content, and mineral
content.
4. What is the difference between crystallization and partial melting?
5. Igneous rocks can be described as being intrusive or extrusive. Explain the difference between these terms.
6. List the three main groups of igneous rocks and answer the following questions.
a. Explain how the color is different for each.
b. Which group has the highest silica content? The lowest?
c. Which group is made up of minerals which crystallize at low temperatures?
7. Why does rhyolite have smaller crystals that granite? (Use Igneous Rock Identification online and knowledge to answer)
8. Explain sedimentary rocks.
9. List and explain the two types of weathering. Provide an example of each.
10. Arrange the following clastic sediments in order from smallest to largest: silt, pebble, sand, boulder, clay, cobble.
11. Sequence the events in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Be sure to define each term in the sequence.
12. Explain the difference between the three groups of sedimentary rocks. Be sure to include formation.
13. How would you explain metamorphic rocks?
14. Metamorphic rocks can form by regional metamorphism, contact metamorphism, and hydrothermal metamorphism. What is
the difference between these terms?
15. Complete the table by filling in the type of sedimentary rock described: clastic, organic, or chemical.
Description
Type of Sedimentary Rock
Breccias and conglomerate are examples
Classified by particle size
Coal is an example
Formed from the remains of once living things
Formed from deposits of loose sediments
Often contains calcite, halite, or gypsum
Forms evaporates
Sandstone is a medium-grained example
Formed from precipitation and growth of mineral crystals
Formed from the shells of sea organisms
16. Complete the concept map by filling in the missing information.
Earth Science Notes: Sedimentary Rocks
date____
NAME__________________________
Sedimentary rocks:
Weathering:
Two types of weathering:
1. Chemical -
2.
Physical -
Results of weathering:
Classification of Clastic Sediments
Sediment
Particle size
Boulder
Rock
Breccia
Conglomerate
Conglomerate
Cobble
Conglomerate
Pebble
Sandstone
Sand
Siltstone
Silt
Shale
Clay
Erosion:
Four main methods of erosion:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Explanation
Formation of sedimentary rocks:
1. Deposition
2.
Burial
3.
Compaction
4.
Cementation
In the space provided below, sequence the processes by which sedimentary rock is formed from clastic sediments:
Earth Science Notes: Types of Sedimentary Rocks
How are sedimentary rocks classified?
Three main groups of sedimentary rocks:
1. Clastic - formed from
2.
Chemical - formed from
3.
Organic – formed from
Classification of Sedimentary Rocks
General Rock Type
-
conglomerate
breccia
sandstone
siltstone
shale
Rock Type - Specific
Explanation
Method of Formation
Explanation
Method of Formation
Layers buildup over
time
COARSE grain
MEDIUM grain
Clastic
FINE grain
-
limestone
rock salt
evaporites
Calcite
Chemical
Halite
General Rock Type
- coal
Rock Type – Specific
Contain CARBON
Organic
- limestone
- rock salt
- evaporites
Visit
this site for more information.
http://ansatte.uit.no/kku000/webgeology/webgeology_files/english/clastic_sed_rocks_new.swf
Chemical
Earth Science Lab: Identifying Sedimentary Rocks
date__________
NAME___________________________
Data Table
Sample #
Type of Sedimentary Rock
(Clastic or Chemical)
Rock Identification - Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
Use the resources available to identify the name including:
Go to the online Rock Identification Key link
http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/rockkey/index.html
Use the Sedimentary Rock identification powerpoint to identify the sample.
Compare the answers obtained from both resources and create a final answer.
Analysis
1.
_______________ and ___________________ are the processes that form sedimentary rock.
2.
The _____________ of the overlying rocks causes the water and the air to be squeezed out during compaction.
3.
Water carries dissolved minerals through the sediments. When these minerals are left behind, they form a
_____________________ that holds the rock together.
4.
The processes of compaction and cementation together are known as _______________________.
Earth Science Lab: Identifying Metamorphic Rocks
Sample #
date__________
Type of Metamorphic Rock
NAME___________________________
Rock Identification - Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
Go to the online Rock Identification Key link
http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/rockkey/index.html
Compare the answers obtained from both resources and create a final answer.
Analysis
1. The changing of one type of rock to another by _________________ and __________________ is known as
metamorphosis.
2.
Metamorphic rocks are classified according to their _______________________________.
3.
Foliated rocks have ____________________ of crystals in them.
4.
________________________ rocks do not have bands of crystals in them.
Earth Science Lab: Identifying Metamorphic Rocks
Sample #
date__________
Type of Metamorphic Rock
NAME___________________________
Rock Identification - Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
Go to the online Rock Identification Key link
http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/rockkey/index.html
Compare the answers obtained from both resources and create a final answer.
Analysis
1. The changing of one type of rock to another by _________________ and __________________ is known as
metamorphosis.
2.
Metamorphic rocks are classified according to their _______________________________.
3.
Foliated rocks have ____________________ of crystals in them.
4.
________________________ rocks do not have bands of crystals in them.
Earth Science Test Review: Minerals and Types of Rocks
date____
NAME___________________
You will be reviewing today in class using online resources. If you do not have a computer, you will be working on the study
guide handout to be completed using your notes. You will not be sharing computers. Follow the directions and be on task. I will
check off these handouts on test day for a classwork grade.
FOLLOW DIRECTIONS!
1. Open Safari or Firefox to access each of these sites. DO NOT use Chrome.
PART 1 – MINERALS AND MINERAL PROPERTIES REVIEW
Go to http://facweb.bhc.edu/academics/science/harwoodr/GEOL101/index.htm
and identify the minerals listed below.
MINERAL
NUMBER
MINERAL IDENTIFICATION - NAME
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
PART II – ROCK TYPES AND CYCLE REVIEW
A. Go to http://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/ and click on Introduction. Follow the directions as you move through this
website to review the three major types of rocks and how they change from one to another. START at the introduction, move to
the three types of rocks, and begin your rock collection. Classify the six rocks from the landscape provided as part of your rock
collection.
ROCK NAME
ROCK TYPE
CHARACTERISTICS
B. Go to http://www.quia.com/jg/1600429.html to review the vocabulary terms via the variety of games available. You may pick
one game to play in order to review. Record your score if available. _______________
C. Go to http://library.thinkquest.org/J002289/name.html to name the ten rocks presented using the clues given.
ROCK
SAMPLE
NUMBER
ROCK IDENTIFICATION - NAME
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
D. Go to www.quizlet.com or http://quizlet.com/4666661/minerals-rocks-flash-cards/ . Review the flashcards then click on TEST
button. Did you notice the sound button? Click it!
Record your score # right ____________ out of 20 questions.
http://www.fi.edu/fellows/fellow1/oct98/quiz/index.html
Rock Hound Quiz Results _________ right out of ____ questions
E. Active learning strategies that I used during this classwork/study guide included:
1.
2.
3.
Explain the difference between active learning and passive learning in one complete sentence.
F. Before the test, I will complete the following active learning strategies:
1.
2.
3.