Running head: XXX CITY 1 Community XXX, Chicago, Illinois Student Name University of Illinois – Chicago XXX CITY 2 Community Assessment A community can be viewed like the human body. The life and structures within it tell a story about how the community functions and how it thrives or deteriorates. In order to uncover this story and determine the needs of a population in a particular community, one must conduct a community assessment. This provides vital information for healthcare professionals so they can provide better care to the people in their community. In this assessment of the Community XXX community of Chicago (labeled as Community #), data has been obtained for the core and the subsystems of physical environment and recreation. The information was collected from various resources including a windshield survey and communication with various people living in the community (Shuster, 2012). With these statistics and characteristics, it will be easier to paint a picture of the strengths and weakness of the Community XXX of Chicago, Illinois and determine the health needs of this population. XXX CITY 3 Data Comparative Data: County or State Source Comments 72,811 2,896,016 (Bocskay, HarperJemison, Gibbs, Weaver, & Thomas, 2007) 26,788.4 people per square mile 12,722.5 people per square mile (City-data.com, 2014) (United States Census Bureau, 2010) Community # compared to the city of Chicago Community # compared to the city of Chicago Male: 33,955 (46.6%) Female: 38,856 (53.4%) (Bocskay, HarperJemison, Gibbs, Weaver, & Thomas, 2007) Community # compared to the city of Chicago (Bocskay, HarperJemison, Gibbs, Weaver, & Thomas, 2007) Community # compared to the city of Chicago Hispanic: 3.9% Asian: 6.1% Black: 19.1% White: 69.2% Other: 0.3% Multiple: 1.5% Male: 1,405,107 (48.5%) Female: 1,490,909 (51.5%) <5: 218,522 (7.5%) 5-17: 541,318 (18.7%) 18-24: 323,710 (11.2%) 25-64: 1,513,663 (52.3%) 65+: 298,803 (10.3%) Hispanic: 26% Asian: 4.3% Black: 36.4% White: 31.3% Other: 0.3% Multiple: 1.6% (Bocskay, HarperJemison, Gibbs, Weaver, & Thomas, 2007) Community # compared to the city of Chicago Median Household Income: $83,909 Avg Household Size: 1.6 people Below Poverty Level: 15.2% Housing vacancies: 11.1% Same place of residence for 5 years: 37.3% High School Graduates: 93.6% Unemployed: 6% Married: 24.8% Married w/children: 32.4% Never married males 15< years: 24.1% Never married females 15< years: 32.2% Median Household Income: $43,628 Avg Household Size: 2.6 people Below Poverty Level: 19.6% Housing Vacancies: 7.9% Same place of residence for 5 years: 54.4% High School Graduates: 71.8% Unemployed: 10.1% Married: 31.3% Married w/children: 20.4% Never married males 15< years: 24.8% Never married females 15< years: 24.6% (City-data.com, 2014) Community # compared to the city of Chicago Age: 29.7% Child: 14.3% 65+: 15.5% Age: 57.6% Child: 41.4% 65+: 16.3% (United States Census Bureau, 2010) Community Core Demographics & vital statistics Population--total Population Density (either find it or calculate it) Population Composition a. Gender Breakdown b. Age Breakdown c. Race/ethnicity Breakdown Population Characteristics a. SES Breakdown b. Marital status c. Dependency ratio <5: 2745 (3.8%) 5-17: 5256 (7.2%) 18-24: 6936 (9.5%) 25-64: 49197 (67.6%) 65+: 8677 (11.9%) (Bocskay, HarperJemison, Gibbs, Weaver, & Thomas, 2007) (City-data.com, 2014) Percentages based among all households. Community # compared to the city of Chicago Community # compared to the city of Chicago XXX CITY Mortality characteristics a. Crude death rate 4 531.8/100000 703.8/100000 6.5/100000 7.9/100000 c. Age-specific death rates 1-14: 63 15-24: 89.2 25-34: 96.7 35-44: 213.2 45-54: 576.8 55-64: 1100.6 65-74: 2130.6 75-84: 4677.8 85+: 12709.3 1-14: 43 15-24: 83 25-44: 142 45-64: 613 65-84: 3669 85+: 14568 d.. Leading causes of death Diseases of heart: 192.4 Malignant neoplasms: 162.3 Cerebrovascular diseases: 34.2 Accidents: 27.4 Chronic lower respiratory diseases: 26.3 Diabetes: 22.8 Kidney diseases: 20.6 Septicemia: 18.9 Influenza/Pneumonia: 18.2 Assault(homicide): 16.3 b. Infant mortality rate Morbidity Characteristics (as applicable) a. Incidence (specific disease) b. c. Prevalence (specific disease) Teen pregnancy Rate Values, beliefs & religion (City of Chicago, 2014) (City of Chicago, 2014) (City of Chicago, 2014) Community # compared to the city of Chicago Diseases of heart: 193.8 Malignant neoplasms: 187.2 Cerebrovascular diseases: 41.6 Chronic lower respiratory diseases: 40.7 Accidents: 30.9 Alzheimer’s Disease: 22.7 Kidney diseases: 20.3 Diabetes: 19.5 Influenza/Pneumonia : 17.2 Septicemia: 14.5 (City of Chicago, 2014) (Illinois Department of Public Health, 2010) All per 100,000 The city of Chicago compared to the state of Illinois Child Obesity 3-7 yrs: 22% Child Obesity 1013yrs: 28% Child Obesity (high school age): 21% Child Obesity 2-5 yrs: 10.4% Child Obesity 611yrs: 19% Child Obesity (high school age): 16% (Yonek & Hasnain-Wynia, 2011) Child obesity is Chicago compared to national average. High school age rates were not provided. (Yonek & Hasnain-Wynia, 2011) HTN: 30.4% High Cholesterol: 36.9% Smokers: 19.4% HTN: 28.4% High Cholesterol: 37.3% Smokers: 15.9% Child obesity is Chicago compared to national average. Prevalence for children under 14 was not provided. HTN, high cholesterol and smokers are Chicago compared to Cook County. 34/1000 57/1000 (City of Chicago, 2014) Community # versus Chicago Catholic: 69.3% Mainline Protestant: 9.3% Evangelical: 8.7% Orthodox: 1.6% Other Denominations: 11.1% Catholic: 56.4% Mainline Protestant: 17.6% Evangelical: 18.6% Orthodox: 0.9% Other Denominations: 6.5% (City-data.com, 2002) Cook County versus State of Illinois. Percentage is adherents of the religion. (Illinois Department of Public Health, 2013) Community # compared to the city of Chicago City of Chicago compared to the State of Illinois. All are per 100,000. Among cancers, lung cancer is the leading cause of death (Respiratory Health Association, 2014) XXX CITY 5 Physical Environment Physical Natural resources Geography, climate, terrain Biological & chemical Water supply Air (color, odor, particulates) Food supply (sources) Pollutants, toxic substances, Animal reservoirs or vectors Urban/suburban/rural? Lake Michigan, 14 parks Area: 2.718 square miles Elevation: 578.5 feet above sea level Avg January Temp: 21.3 Avg July Temp: 73.4 Avg Annual Precipitation: 35.82 inches Lake Michigan, 580 parks Area: 228.4 square miles Elevation: 578.5 feet above sea level Avg January Temp: 21.3 Avg July Temp: 73.4 Avg Annual Precipitation: 35.82 inches (Chicago Park District, 2013) (City-data.com, 2014) Community # versus the city of Chicago Lake Michigan via 12 pumping stations Lake Michigan via 12 pumping stations (City of Chicago, 2014) Community # versus Chicago Air Quality Index: green (Jan 28th) yellow (Jan 29th) Ozone: 2.2% PM2.5: 89.2% PM10: 7.5% SO2: 1.1% NO2: 0.0% CO: 0.0% Air Quality Index: green (Jan 28th) green (Jan 29th) Ozone: 41.9% PM2.5: 58.1% PM10: 0.0% SO2: 0.0% NO2: 0.0% CO: 0.0% (Environmental Protection Agency, 2014) (American Lung Association, 2013) Community # versus the city of Cary, my hometown. I did this to note that the smell of exhaust is always quite apparent downtown Chicago whereas in the suburbs the smell of exhaust is rare when in a neighborhood. Additionally, Cary passed the State of the Air test with a B whereas Chicago failed with an F. Grocery stores: 2.77 Supercenters: 0.04 Convenience stores (no gas): 0.93 Convenience stores (with gas): 1.53 Restaurants: 6.67 Grocery stores: 2.24 Supercenters: 0.08 Convenience stores (no gas): 0.75 Convenience stores (with gas): 2.61 Restaurants: 6.86 (City-Data.com, 2012) Per 10,000 pop., Cook County compared to the State of Illinois. Nitrogen Dioxide (0.02ppm), Carbon Monoxide (0.4ppm) Lead (0.03mcg/m3), mercury Rats, Mice, Mosquitos (West Nile), Bats (Rabies) Nitrogen dioxide (0.014ppm), Carbon Monoxide (0.34ppm) Lead (0.02mcg.m3), mercury Rats, Mice, Mosquitos (West Nile), Deer Ticks (Lyme Disease), Bats (Rabies (Environmental Protection Agency, 2014) Chicago versus the state of Illinois Urban Urban Community # versus the city of Chicago (USA.com, 2009) (Illinois Department of Public Health, 2012) Community # versus Chicago XXX CITY 6 Windshield Survey The Community XXX, also known as community number #, is one of the 77 communities within the city of Chicago. It is located north of the blank community and is bordered by the X River to the south and west, by Y to the east, and X Avenue to the north. Within this community lies, seven neighborhoods: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. The Community XXX has the largest population count of the four communities considered to be a part of a section of Chicago and it also contains a particular landmark that would identify it. (“Community XXX, Chicago,” 2013). Student had inserted a map of the community here, along with a citation for it. Housing and Zoning Neighborhood 1 and Neighborhood 2 Major Street A consist of old mansions made of brick and cement that line and the side streets of Major Avenue B. These buildings take up an entire city block or sit directly next to another building. There are no yards or outdoor spaces as mansions are more of a penthouse or condo style in a large building with other units. Mixed in with these luxurious 3 to 5-story buildings are many contemporary high-rises and skyscrapers made of glass and steel. These structures house rental apartments, condos and single family homes as well as businesses. There are large signs hanging from many of the buildings advertising places for rent or the base amount at which one bedroom condos are sold. The sidewalks running along the homes on Major Street A are lined with trees and the older homes have landscaping with flowers and bushes. Throughout most of this neighborhood, the trees are much smaller and younger looking, if they are present at all, and many of the modern buildings have very light landscaping around them. XXX CITY 7 The Neighborhood 3 area consists mostly of old brick industrial buildings that have been converted into loft spaces for art galleries, businesses, condos and restaurants. Some still have old factory names etched into the cement and brick. There are, however, areas of this community that attempt to create a more suburban feel among the large buildings and crowded blocks. The 4 neighborhood on the north and west side of the XXX community used to consist of public housing, but now the area is being redeveloped with townhomes and row houses, though there is a large empty lot sitting where public housing had previously stood. Buildings here are mostly 3-4 stories and made of brick with a grass parkway and very small front yard extending not much further than a few feet from the front stairs to the sidewalk. These homes are fenced in with well-groomed landscaping such as young trees and front shrubbery. In some cases, homes in this area have a small backyard and 2 car garage located off the alleyways. Nestled in between the 4 neighborhood and the 5 neighborhood is Section a. The buildings on the main thoroughfare of this area, ABC Street, resemble old 3-4 story brick storefronts scattered among newer brick condo buildings of 6-7 stories. The east side streets of ABC are lined with large shady trees and 2 to 3-story Victorian style flats. Here lie some of the older residential buildings in the area but are still kept up with to maintain their historical charm. Land structure, the only one on the Chicago River, consists of mostly business and industrial buildings. They are only a couple stories tall and range from being made of brick to what appears to be concrete. They have parking lots for their employees and small lots of grass scattered about with trees. Overall, the Community XXX has a wide array of homes and buildings. From 100-story tall buildings to 2-story buildings that have been around for 100 years, it proves to mix history with modern design. Most of the buildings in this community have central heating and air, but XXX CITY 8 there are some older buildings throughout the neighborhoods where a/c window units are visible. In this case, most heating is radiator. It is assumed that modern plumbing is present in this community. Open Space Being an urban area, the Community XXX is rather short on open space. Many high rises have concrete plazas surrounding them, or in some cases a small park. These plazas are accessible to everyone and there are a few concrete benches to sit. There are some trees placed along the sidewalks but there is no grass. Most blocks leave no room between buildings and in some cases, buildings actually touch creating a solid mass on some blocks. There are a handful parks including a baseball field, basketball courts, tennis courts and dog parks located throughout the community. XXX Street Beach is located in this community along with a larger park situated between another Beach and landmark. The parks in the Community XXX are not like a forest preserve. In most cases they are small, spanning a city block or less, with a couple benches, a few trees and minimal landscape with a sidewalk through it. During the day, there is a wide array of people relaxing in the small parks, but at night, due to spotty street lights, the parks tend to vacate aside from the occasional dog walker. The XX path along Lake Q is an area where according to one local, he likes “to relax, workout and take in the scenery” (B. Campbell, personal communication, January 27th, 2014). The XX path is widely utilized in the day time but some residents are still spotted after dark taking strolls. Compared with the a different community to the south which has a large park and another large park and the YYY community to the north which has the vast ZZZ Park, the Community XXX is limited in open space. Commons XXX CITY 9 The Community XXX is always bustling. Main Avenue, known as the “nickname” is a strip of high-end retail stores, department stores, a mall, luxury hotels and nice restaurants that are always crowded. In the last decade, more common retail stores such as H&M, Forever 21, Home Goods and Marshall’s have opened to create a more diverse shopping experience for more people. Landmark A extends from B Avenue to C Avenue. There are also many bars and restaurants throughout Neighborhood A, B, C, and D that attract both locals and tourists during all hours of the day and in some cases, until 4am on Saturdays. These are found in strips along A street and B Avenue, C Street, D Street and scattered about the C and F neighborhoods. The majority of people attracted to these areas are 25-45 years old from all backgrounds and budgets. There’s a little something for everyone from swanky bars and clubs to brewpubs and dive bars. These areas are well lit with the exceptions of the alleys in between building that remain dark and generally not accessed by people after dark. Transportation The streets of this community in Chicago are packed with taxicabs, city buses, commercial trucks and personal vehicles. The personal vehicles range from sports cars to minivans and because many attractions are within walking distance in this community, many people walk and can be seen on the streets. Morning and afternoon rush hours cram the streets with commuters, buses, taxicabs and personal vehicles. On a nice day, streets heading east to the geographic formation and Landmark are crowded with vehicles and Main Avenue is almost always full of city traffic. Parking garages are available on most blocks while street parking is hard to find and metered. The streets and sidewalks are in good condition with accessible ramps to the street. Chicago has a very large public transit system that tourists and locals largely utilize to access other communities and attractions. The Community XXX has bus routes that run down all the main arteries as evidenced by the many buses and bus stops at most intersections. Some XXX CITY 10 bus stops intersect with the rail line or, the “L.” The color line has three stops within the community and runs north to street name and south to around a town section. The color line has four stops within the Community XXX running north to street name and south to XX Street servicing many of the communities of Chicago with various spots to transfer to other lines. There are also many apps available for smartphones to track bus schedules and train schedules based on the stop one chooses making travel around the community and city convenient and efficient. Recently, Chicago launched a new bike sharing program called Divvy and it was used quite frequently in the area this summer. Dozens of docking stations are scattered about the community for easy access to residents and tourists. There are bike lanes on most main thoroughfares in the community, though there are not any on Main Avenue or on any of the side streets in the community. Additionally, these bike lanes run with general traffic and this nurse saw buses and taxicabs driving through the bike lanes to stop and pick up passengers. Due to the amount of cars, buses and trucks that are on the roads in this community, exhaust from the vehicles was the main odor when walking down the street. Social Service Centers The Community XXX is home to the MMM Hospital campus as well as PPP Hospital, the state-ofthe-art TTT Hospital and a large type of medical center that is the top center in the country (M. Girardi, personal communication, February 3rd, 2014). Aside from the large hospitals themselves, there were not any doctor’s offices visible from the street. Many of these practices reside within the walls of large office buildings. A few dentist offices were seen on a ground floor store front away from the east side of the community and high rises. Throughout the community, in some cases every few blocks, there are various drugstores and pharmacies. A community health center resides in the D neighborhood along with a recreation center. The parks, as mentioned XXX CITY 11 previously, are sparse but visible from the streets and attract locals and tourists on nice days. Numerous gyms and fitness centers are visible from the street in all areas of the community. A few women were seen walking with yoga mats. Stores The Community XXX community is certainly not short on one thing, and that is shopping. Main Avenue and its surrounding streets provide an endless array of stores and even a couple cost-friendly grocery stores. This nurse noted empty buildings where two grocery stores in the Neighborhood B appear to have gone out of business. Due to a percieved shortage, more lines, more people, and less supply were seen at the next closest grocery store (J. Michniewicz, personal communication, January 25, 2014). Grocery stores in this area are much smaller compared to those found in the suburbs of Chicago and in some cases, cost more money (J. Michniewicz, personal communication, January 25, 2014). People on the east side of the community seem to purchase what they can carry at stores, as seen by people walking with multiple grocery bags on the streets. Further to the west, there are larger big box stores and grocery stores with parking lots where those with cars can stock up. A couple stores carry only organic foods, but most carry both organic and nonorganic produce and products. Street People and Animals During the day, this nurse noted there are a lot of people on the street, and during the weekends there are even more. There are many families with children near Landmark and mothers or nannies pushing strollers were seen in most areas of the neighborhood. Every few blocks or so, even on Main Avenue, there are homeless individuals asking for money. On the lower streets, such as Lower Main Avenue, the homeless tend to reside and sleep as it tends to be less crowded (D. Jones, personal communication, January 22, 2014). After dark, these lower streets are lit, but XXX CITY 12 only a couple people are seen walking down them as they are still shadowed and set apart from most of the hustle and bustle of the community. At night in the common areas, a lot of 25-45 year old people meeting friends or business partners for dinner and drinks were seen. There are small groups of people standing outside of a restaurant or bar smoking, as it is not allowed inside the buildings. This can make for a combination of both car exhaust and secondhand smoke when walking down the street in this community. There was only one specified dog park seen where owners can let the dogs off of their leashes, but in one regular park, a couple dogs were seen off of their leashes with the owners nearby. Most dogs are on leashes when being walked throughout the community and it was rare to see a dog or animal alone and loose without its owner. Condition of the Area The Community XXX is maintained rather well. The sidewalks are clean and shoveled in the winter and the streets are cleaned every few weeks in the summer months (D. Jones, personal communication, January 22, 2014). Trash is kept in dumpsters at the base of buildings, in garages, or in alleyways and not left on the sidewalks or main streets. There are also trash and recycling receptacles located on street corners. The landscape is well maintained in the common and residential areas. The lower streets, however, appear to be safe havens for the homeless to reside. They are lit, but still very much shadowed and damp from the water dripping from the streets above. There is more garbage here and graffiti on certain walls and metal beams. Picture of a nice street in the area, with citation Picture of a homeless person, with citation Toward the west side of the community, there are still some empty lots and construction being done in the E neighborhood. In the Neighborhood D area, a giant hole sits in the ground where a building called the Name was supposed to be erected. The developer lost funding in the market XXX CITY 13 crash and the abandoned lot with a large foundation hole has remained (D. Jones, personal communication, January 22, 2014). It is hard to tell what cars have been abandoned as many are already parked on the street. There are many parking signs, however, that specify parking times and standing times with threats of towing should the car remain outside of the specific parameters. Race and Ethnicity The majority of the community is predominately white, but there is quite a large mix between African American, Asian, Middle Eastern and Hispanics. The language seen and spoken in the Community XXX is English. Religion There are many Catholic churches in the community with the largest and oldest being Large Church. Catholicism dominates in this area with 7 churches. There are also places of worship for Presbyterian, Lutheran, Jehovah’s Witness, Greek Orthodox and Episcopalian. Health Indicators MMM Hospital, TTT Hospital, PPP Hospital, and a special type of medical center are located in the Community XXX. There are doctor and dentist offices located throughout, but on the east side of the community, they are harder to find as most are found within high rise buildings. On the west side of the community, there is a community health center for women as well as an outpatient center run by a hospital located in another community. There are no identifiable mental health centers or centers for help with substance abuse. Politics XXX CITY 14 There are no signs around the community campaigning for politicians. City hall and many federal buildings are located in the area and they do not have any banners or posters referencing any individuals either. Media There are RedEye newspaper dispensers on most corners. This “cliff notes” version of the Chicago Tribune is popular among commuters as seen by many reading them on the subway and busses. The Sun-Times, Tribune and Hoy also have newspaper stands located on street corners for people to purchase. Occasionally, there was a stand for a free Apartment Guide of available rentals in the community and city. Many of the people on public transit have earphones in and some watch videos on their phones. Some also have electronic devices such as tablets or e-readers as they sit in various food establishments. Business & Industry The Community XXX consists of a very large amount of retail, both large and small businesses as well as a significant hospitality industry with many world renowned restaurants and popular bars. The high rises include major corporations as well as small corporations. When passing by, a handful of small businesses and a bank had “Now Hiring” signs in their windows. Aside from this obvious advertisement, it is very hard to tell where corporations are and whether or not they are hiring. Some buildings are owned by the largest corporation residing there and this is shown with large lit signs or logos on top of buildings. Recreation Subsystem The Community XXX has a wide selection of recreation for all ages and all budgets. Though there is limited open space, residents and tourists can be seen enjoying the walking/bike path. Runners and leisurely bikers are rarely found on busy streets and sidewalks unless it is headed XXX CITY 15 east toward the path. Bikes can be rented through various providers and small bike shops located throughout the area, but most are concentrated near the path where most go for a scenic ride. Recently, a kayak rental called Urban Kayaks has found a home in the area where residents and tourists pay to rent a kayak and listen to a guide speak about the architecture of the community and city of Chicago. attractions. Landmark offers many activities for adults and children including a many Most of the restaurants serve American fare and there is also fast food such as McDonalds, American Dog and Haagen Daas. McDonald’s is usually teeming with children and families looking for a quick and familiar bite. Aside from landmark, the community attracts many types of people to the hundreds of restaurants and bars, shopping and entertainment such as the comedy clubs in Neighborhood C. Compared with a different community, the Community XXX has a lot less open space for people to gather and children to play. In the other community, many people are seen walking, running, biking and even picnicking in the large spaces. Additionally, there are 14 playgrounds in the other community compared to 3 in the Community XXX according to the Chicago Park District (Chicago Park District, 2013). The Chicago Park District provides a lot of public programs and facilities to cater to the community. In the Community XXX, there are various free programs for seniors 60 years old and up such as low impact aquatic exercise and fit and strong wellness programs. For those 18 and older, there are programs like basketball, boot camps, boxing, circuit training, yoga/pilates, and swimming lessons for prices ranging from $15 to $50. For teens, there are free programs like teen club, volleyball, basketball boxing and seasonal sports. For children ages 3 to 6 years old, there are after school programs including swim club and lessons, soccer, tumbling, tennis, basketball, lacrosse and cheerleading that range in cost from free to $160 for an after school XXX CITY 16 program called Park Kids that includes various sports and art activities as well as homework time. Children younger than 3 years old can attend programs with their parents such as Mommy and Me classes and Mom, Pop and Tot interaction. There’s also swimming lessons and gymnastics. The cost of these early childhood programs range from $25 to $60. There’s also open family swim available at the pool facility on Fridays and Saturdays at 6:00pm. At HH Park there is a basketball court that usually has people playing small pick-up games, a playground and baseball fields for the public to utilize for intramural activities (Chicago Park District, 2013). Though there are a significant number of options for people in the Community XXX at the Chicago Park District, many of the classes are wide open with only a small number of people registered for the programs. At the park district facilities in the other community, most classes are booked to capacity and even have waiting lists, such as the programs for young children and the Teen Club for teens. There are also more options for seniors at the other community’s facilities such as walking club, dance, stretching and step aerobics (Chicago Park District, 2013). Aside from the public facilities the Chicago Park District and local attractions provide, there are many private gyms and fitness centers in the community. LA Fitness, Equinox, Formula Fitness Clubs, and Crossfit all have various locations through the community as well as in other communities. A person must become a member and pay dues in order to use the facilities. The most premier and expensive fitness center in the area, the Fancy Club, is also located in the Community XXX. This facility houses golf, racquetball and numerous exercise equipment and classes. There are also restaurants, physical therapy, dry cleaning and a children’s activity center (Fancy Club, 2013). XXX CITY 17 Though there are a lot of recreational activities available to people in the Community XXX, it seems most are geared toward nightlife, sight-seeing and shopping due to the abundance of these features and the not so abundant parks and open space. Further Information of Interest Segment for “extra” important information Conclusion Assessing a community, just like a human body, can help paint a picture of health. By looking at the core data and investigating the subsystems of physical environment and recreation through a windshield survey, the information can now be analyzed to discover any potential health needs of the community of the Community XXX of Chicago, Illinois. You must add a References page to match your citations.